Nadaoon. =" | two oy move desicas that connect tgcthe: se Ahave information borwaen aach oer. Nebsowting FF prrceas of asing he connadien blur two devicet Peper make frok amanig of iepormaton possibie . Tyee oj eee: 1 onthe bans of hest-ree = Giant + shar raquish forthe Aevuicas + Comnot provide services . Sewer nab provides the Aenices, 9 comect gequist fer eset Peer 2 a dasfce ushich comequask amd Tetbend fs or ger ° Aenicn ak he tomertie - Giant + Sewer Peer 40 Paar Chien Client Rear Peer \ : A < Sener A,B,C. © > 8 D Chant lent Pew Pear. ate dada iscueliged. > data 's mot cantraligas. Adals Combe downloaded 7 Gale cambe clownlouced & shemy Hine « uhen the offer peer i Guoitable - 2. onthe batis at goog y - LAN + Local Areq Hawa 7 Brovp of durices usithin a buliaing WAN. bulde Areq Nekwomk | heme vytien ' > connection of LANS. vera very Lome Geagrephicot aves Mosk Com monty Over He ish. = Moris bounded on’ ny dt oa within tak ¥B.Ondhe bar's of Powicipatton VPN 9 Nira) Privobe melhor. “3 loico} Mebwors whichis connected Prypricol thre wre re ‘e “2 Private mehnore Ouey pubvie Tehuo™ . Privare “nehsor, where data is shaved o1 Pr satneriond wes. F Nehwovk whicn Combe used * Pubvic peknor, 7 Nehwok sich cante wed ‘4 Qukhamsed an well on Umausorised people - > Types 9} Commum cation 2 Unicouk t onete one 3 MatHicok i > only 40 inkended aac) of peette- + Bradcait > onefe all —F not ony de Intended buralse 4e umintanded Gapel Pepe. = sacrigem > commu! colon may aiger on ne bonis o Bender amd reciuer . 7 Maas of Commurn — Simpiex. 7 one wot carnmumicaken — hey Duplex > tue way commomication but oneat atime. = Pan duplex. 8 ~ bur comcurvanty eSlibcec abe some tithe.Nebuose rmporanty_ 1. Artlsant -huo Nekwark, Genices - CL} —_] De NTC (Nelwor, ‘nveaace Cord) > Wired — wivalass 3. Tromsmission Media, - Wivad ov wireless. y. Proocol . Sie fate jraqanel, 7 logic Insmuctions: 7 Rates or stemdards that dyines evs Commumication Gail oy ahoutal “ARE pace. 7 IP + Internet Paotece! . “Tpotegies 2 dunno} @ Nekoowk — New devicas areconnected. 1 Pgaisad | Legices Jopotogiss + hevedats Hows b)ua tne + devices. howdevices are Phas leo connectedPrapatca [ee] [2 \? lL 1. Buy a. Riv 2 oad 4, Extended Stor S Mesh 3 fantiod Mesh = Pat Mesh 2 Momare inwe- Reuters - a) @ 6) 6) " 4 ‘Treat Comments ied in toalehtog Mesh = ‘meat commenvy ured In Mubing, fewitehing ‘bet 7 Putt Mash. > Pawiod Mesh.Deifhiw: Hub“ THK por dumb Chaiiee . + suey fe com communi cate wal each otter. 3 eet hab works ‘eotiag tex 5 Thdoes nok howe cmy treme Fe deride where de fend ne packer w+ Ir waciwes packer Onere bot ord Yokes apy 4 “he packer ome (pew iF fe all ackve pow. Briss > ony han “hoe port Memory 2 fable» MAcaddress bole + aca PecHiyoyaamaee Sten. —? Mathp oot Brags 7 Thon the memory so steve ‘mac add amd dorm mac chile according. 7 He han mmastipte porte fo that we com connect sromy dewices. LON, MB 120, S00. 6, 12,94, ’ ' es heey cy Umisaut ~~ 1208 ad jor LAN “a oa oc ase t Suirn “ot 2 Boe Connections. — Yao D SA0E a s oD o&Aowter er = thused fo conned tuo diyqerenk LANS. “9 Routers combe used fn LANs bur motkcommonyy wed in Wane, > is wed te conned we digjerent nehwosks . 7 uiorms ontne bais of IPColtisien ama Broadcat Demain Collision Domain > O Ssament on umich hao Gewiets ave conneded with cach ome) 4ands data oF the derma -Hme eshicn com erate SM Glide wltheach other, ten these devices ave 20d to bein a “qe Colttgian domain . ‘a i D Thala Tanad. gg rein Regen Le fob ema | oD -» Carviex Sense Mulipre Rese [esvisien Detection. —» ibustt Sense Pe carer jpomy. asltision oceurs . —Pushen Cettisian aceuws , CSMAJCD adkvoles tren, tf ual send © Jam sinned oat! tnedewices to abovr Me colliston Oma nstrusting ne devices Tel it he homsmis sion —esmAfen unt jer ali tne devices te Fromsmit of vomdem Intervet oj Heme, aotner caisian Ahowsd nor Occur ain. Bako 9 AN Segments in dwihh omd “auber vows io Ru duplex ewe Aegan is aeparoked ‘4 Sepawte ev isolated qibre on the monerbaord - Cama/Cd > usin wos 4 Madauice womein ag supeHah + Qi peatd of a hab arina ccimle consien domain ab 9 aliemase dour ports Ore ina aire Canision demain - ee]. Iseqmant = Detresnitd —t Swit 1 \ fn Ports yey: mii eseunaess taevas in Pull Px fetus : Duplex. | cons andomain. Y Coltistom domains. — Suite ce caliisiondamains on per Post bouis . — Routes = germ nom . Brood car f Domain > tne devices ana cingle # wuhidh verieves braodcout dala Bent by ONedeice Are jeny OY mubkple Engines Rall to bain alegie bread aut domain . | Broad cat domain [bread aut donaln.ali peas + aenuitch and hub ove ina aig bioadaut domain Route: * => te per port broadeak domain. (a) + broadeatr Feciweol onone porto} % O qutey wit never be forwarded on olner pout a tne coma vouker. [re] fee] fed [re]It |_aciavessing, If oddvass. 9 layicod address Ushich is wed Connect ard commumicole bles aqerent devices Overy o LAN Or WAN —Bir> Ooi = Binary = Base>= 270-3 1 Bare + RoI = oF = 286 “3 \P addoass is S2bit decimal addaess. 7 oF. dant ne. of Pasa + setaken— desimad form . = Y-Bbinion = U2I NAEP INE. (opp) Odeh> Bye. 7 address js divided into Jour Ochs > Jocer= B bik + hase 7 each octer is -aeparated + dos *S” > lacter = Qbitg + Ist > o- 258. — \skiP = BG | {i lout 1P ‘DES -DsS-2S5 -2SS > [0 addveses ove amigned cirougre om uh owing JANA + Internet Addaess Numbered frtnawity - Decimal ta Binary - O-ase ‘ as 4 L. Decimal te Binary 3.88. a i ‘i cin}. 2 & Binary De = falas j ~? locter ana consist of guns 2 wo = £ I iy 2s 2 tOlolooll =~ = tong amined (Binany $e Desinad) 1 Sxl tAnl + TKOFV HOF Wx1TIAKO atl + Lote Fora +16 +0 +6440 = Qs ao Shox mead Ing yy BDU BU zl o !o19 O11 +8 qos OIL L100 Ty ragy2ay 24 Dd 7 total ne. of Ps ~ U-S bition (app-) Clames of Ps tr Ockeb gule. Clam A = 0-125 B > 129-191 c = 192-223 D = 224-234 + mulHeouhing puspase . E = Wo -2ws — Aasearch [Dajense perpose - Ute CbmA (0-129) — Reserved IPs 700 Cypoutt rouking- Omd wid ard Moning. 0:0-0-0 9-0 -g-| — O-26S-2SS-AsS. 3 BF 4 Nic testing [Tepe ‘esting 123-O-Q-0 — 129-288-288 -2SS. 5 USeoble Ode = 1-126 + Private. Ps for clowA + 10-0-0-0 te (o-ass-255-2S¢. 1-9, Warne = Pubve Ps.Clon ( na~ 191) — Pesened IPs APIPA => futornate Private 1? Addressing . 169-284 -0-0 +o 164 -264-258.25¢ A Private [Ps 9 198-16-0-0 to 192-3). ase -2SE, Clome (142-223) — Private IPs = 142-168. 0-0 te 192-188-2SS-2ES | Suaner Mank_// Pea} ix feng 108, = aypines ne mekwonk amd hesk bation sjom 1P address }— Nekwosk big 0 — hesrbitd Dajaait Sanner mash Coma = 28s-o-0-0 = HTM O -9-90 N.H-H-H ch @ = 1ss-2ss-0-0 Go ee N-N.H-H s Roya wih yo ce CG = 2sS-ise-ast-o f N.N.N. A. omy3 Ma. a nehwores = Peal Tener LIS sas 2 * > To. | Nest per nerwowdk = me -o| Yost bE + ZY. = Clon A = 2Ss-a:0-0 N-H-H-H Cham A = (=126 = 126 sta! no of meworks. (Pirad) Tatal no. Most pay nebo, = ota 1bF4F216 ctame (128-111) = Sm ase-rss-0-0 @ Neh Totes me .o} *R} ws 10. Chom B > 6y xat = (egay Toles Me. of hast pe nehork > lt = 68s32t Clam ¢ (Cigi-n28) + Sm 28S-2g8-258-0 N-N-N-H Tatas mo.of nfwin clon C= ganache s aagisz Tolst ne. of hast pay pehumk, > of ~ ost Susman. tis dividing gq pakwowk into Muitiple Sub-ndwoks (Subnaz) fp veduce more wontaye a) 1Ps. 2 Com A CIDA, = me nei ina =2 4 = eis ABubnek monk. = lo 0.0.0 /3 Clomless Inter Domain 23 ¥ r asg-0.0-0 Peasing hes, 2 (ooo IPs pernehuem . « oy < o h & Defaukt S ub.Monk, ot; pols — 11111111 | 0a000000, c20000p0,00009000 hess daa a oa she on Mp Yo Ny Pe Ma Me Ma Mp Ky * w MS ’ z 4 2p2 2008 a—_ a yodt § u 13 LITERATE Hinipe -eeee2e 8° a aaa ne borrowed [us Propained hest pM =1ee4 ws bid big. 3S 232900 © . ni me of rhe BIS bevreand, — I shss36 No. ef Subne = tno sits = DY = (0384 subned | food ho. Task OTS ice Nehuor ip @) No.0} Mosk VPs per subnet = 2 Brodeast |p. ~ Pea + [DAA, per subnet ® New Subnet Mag = 2SS.25S- 282-06 CIDA 2 2a, ©) Block lengh/aige > Valo} Laiknjus bik. But Ockt. | ( Uk + a subnet) 4 ergs Ist Subnet 2 - acuity UK O86 = 108 Riel =. 0-8 lo.a-0-0/22, NID =NID 220-1 % , —810 | loa. 0. {faa Phatvatid host 1? | ia 4 aoa gergyfaa, lourVoWd hest 1? . Bra 2 = 0-4 3-ascjar By by 0-638 NID 4 Bip camnar be omigned ONO Nehoork [29 =o-125 device . Dea senna loo-4-0/22, NID fa We Jan Vian lee e8-1 fo. Pritvattl beshit Gow [ata Ie +4 Qo 24D | ro | to dd Fasyjoa Latwatls hosp [Pass ts-25H4 19 2B DFease #2ss|o2. BD.FLsm + Fined cengin Subneb Monk. Fa Auknet ushich hon e401 me 0} host Ps. 7 Mathed tn ushicn each aubner wilt Rowe Aome Aistnak monk { C1D8, ep. I-0-0-0/8 fag. SD Ife bes suimek = obsoy, 3 r ey Units uuniniyt tint pee ee, as herrouedd bi5 Pag, nest bis New Sm = LSS. 250-258-142. sda 29 — myo} suboes ab-ge goa = cates per Subnet CHA a fae Block lengin= Gu. (uthacs) “a _ 9 Depsubre a 6y 1a 142, [p+ 0.0 o[>s ND 62 127 191 255 fo-0-0.1/26 Piast vonid hosk iP | Bm io.5.0-192J08 Jo-0.0- 62 [2b lost vate hash \P loosens [ae [n-0-0- Gajae Bid VP snake Natt Subpe =m nip [ovont-0fag — (a-0-)-Aafas — -0-2-6/>6 me too enaahe tpe Clam B 12, 3 3 yode Isv.10.0-0/Ie ae BL=1o Bectoctet a. 8. if) ope0 .od0n0ne0 a eae . ag barrens fog, hast bite ' typubieS is B14oh Hs te suenes News Sm]UDRe as6.258.240.0 ahas g2-as Yor ifs par suber > [ae ds Und [sv-]0-0-0/a0 ND IS0.10-te-0]20 [s0.10-[S-2ss fae Bid B1-2ssjaeia isis pevsabeel: ete —2 =14 Song 198-10 -10-0 fas az S82 8.8 .9.1Moocea at: berrousedd . Pues 2 & Sunnetd NenS.-m= OSS-259- 290-244» shag. gS—g2201Ps posuind = BL 22. C108: a5 3st Subner .o ey ¢ © ® A 19S-10-10-0 fast nip 32 SNH “ND leo tan, 224 fay 298 Iss 19S-10- 10-31 25 Bp, 68 Qs 1a 1S9 3h 196-10-o-a9 /29 IQe-to.10- 255/23 Conta > amy [Pushich Ip oa ched with i ait Rt mank . Camlass IP ushien ts. houing “Asbnetted Subsmank abteched uatth Ih. A @wvrifs = dan iP 0-8-1 > clomiess IP. Subnatred Soa.mash. QzA lo-0.0-0/a © Rag» OO Persvkarr @ Pay 28 @® Pay, ~» S000 B. Igeto.o-0fte D Aes £4 X @ hey, 2 SOO @ iy .Apn-fo-t0.0]24 © fey 2 00 X @ ty @® bay » toof 2128 A. la-0-0-0/8 Pay, 100 @. 8.2 . joonasea Sst a Bra ~ [9-0.0-0/25° to-0-0-128 [5 to-0-1-0[/as° lo.o.0 123s [o-0.0-2ssjos fo-0-1 429/25 In.o-a - 29 i hy a 4 s 6 9 2 [0.0-0-0f94** foso-3ajay AG Te te A, AN fo.0-0 -34/29- le. -0-63]99 ac 114) «159 14) 223 Oss athsubne- - (0 1-0/2% aie (0 -[-31/9 a o> 8192 {2-0-0-0/7 faysnoe BL> 32 (Bxdoder) sr Lea. me -0f Saber = 2" saeve [e.0-0.0/14 to-0-32-0f14 Sobndd lo-0 -31-285] 19 \e-0-68-2ss/ 19 laut Stee (to) oss aas-o fig (@ 2ss- 258-2551. cor . ra 8 Ig0.10 .0-0}6 fg, 53. Buz bY YModeb. st (gatS alana Chante ame SS 00/26 e151 o}a6 ass. 19a/ at [be- Yo. 0 63/24 \bo-fo-t- 2 [2 Veo-t. 250. 296fo6 , Cs Deo-to-t0-9 (24. Aen,20e roc Cluny 8 - 8.3. @c2000000 oD hs Pa Sune. Bus A (Sod ocker) |Hoo-to-10+ 0/24 ape lo o-ase/398 . Sarge « Qevto-to-o/ay Aa 2 Bue4 oh de 1n-12-0f39 4 g te — I doojo10-2/30 # Nis (9NLsm [Variowle lengin Subnu Mask), ench sahnet may ov nor hawe equa} noo} nih : A. jo-0-0-0/9 Om gore Aubknek Tron, Az Sto peysunmk -eono Ba 2 street em F ne a) one. ~ ay wine 204. Inia dascending Order . 50 x2. S00 4 BL: (Broder) + Cr0%= Ps mt — [0-0-0-0} -0-0-0}o3 — sk Sumner ae (o.0- t+ 285)93 Be > to-a-S0/22 Bird Sebndk (o-0+3-2ss]22 ~ Yo» BL cu(4Modet) CA= |e lo.D-U.o/ab Jo-0-4 bajas no» BL > 32(Wacet) con > [2 [o-a-u4-128) 25 Io-0-4.64/2 to-0-4- 40] 27 fo-0-4-489 Ja lo.0 -4-95]a4 lo-o-4. ae |a4 gq Beslb whos) cia = fas lo-o-4- (be [2s loo. 4-135) 28 AL lo.0-0-0]8 fany foo Bea 2e qoo § [80lao. to-0-0.0/26 wh to-0.0-123)25 > BLer(Brdoct) COA» Jas lo-0-2.0]23 six ” GP? Jona] {o-0.3-ast]az. aves “ak tao 1) ass [23 ee ae 9 BL=2 (Nthacter) CioR= j2> loa-o-0 92 GN GC 108 Voy 4d 4 fumsued. 31 63 4s 129 Ff wed lo-o 0-138 ]o9 (a. . 0- (s4[a>. Joo = GL= 4 (Sedocter) CwA + /22 {o-0-0-0/>9, 7 lo-0-4-0/22. ps Pasbe Ge GL =8(YMoae) CwA2 /39 3s x2 lo-a-0-0fag - 8 -1e— WW — U9 ay — tov-sya- 20 4129 1 ° —i8b- lus 1S24 1 1 ' 10-00 -tha jas re lo.0-0-163] 28. Gad Gea. 6. Rey Ro = tz 1 (Bedockk) Gina ~]a¥. ‘le.0-0 9f4 ©-255 PM Cones. Guest [o-0 -te0 Jay (-2ssja4 JComtess Suneriny {eo- 18-44 Bus Ja-(itoota) i CoA = 14, 3 canvert fo Networ id. 18 -ysa-0-0/14. (9-150 - ‘7 fia 18+ 1s0. 32-019 >> (8, (50.18.41 t 19-10 3h assf19- 6B-285]14, Iga.168 0-9 by 8U>1 (ardocter) Q. 192-168-0-0fa4 as fa - s C@Bywa-0-9f25) Wa-leg-O-ofas — (A2-1G9 -0- 198]a¢ Biz tay ymodel) o-l23]2s ©: ast fas . a: 1e3.91-83- 69 /i9, Dass - 95. 294-0 + fis 33 3 Q: eutis-0-0fS9 fleg 1000 IPs pe Sabor g. 8.62 3 12-168-2-0/22, at D7 hesr 192.-(E8: 2-2srfa2ga F alesz 41-81 /32 Bie 2 (grado cet) qi > ofolyol) Itllttlo OSLO! 1010 =49o0 191-82-90-0/23 1 H-€3-91-28Spa, - QB-4s- 24. 2 . a, as 88 2 251/28 i= 9(uhodet) ans Litt lort ya-taa 204-248) 29 li ut looo ass/29 gio [ity foo0 = 28 BR 4-25 / Bea te (2nd oct) 3 aS tw =~ Jlomolio Lh 11oo000 lloo 0000 = 192, DIB-192-0-O/j2, NIP | 29 -2ss-2ssf12 BiP Reg "25 persumned. Vis soo 7~1si-63-80-0/a2 9 g @B0> 151-63-83-255 “62-81 -qo/a0. 2 1 goo asa Ba (utr octet) | 2 1S1-63-84-0/a5 fins Cas (29 84-3i)23. a 2 4 Bow Br Bd ee seo 2 (3rdochu) + 1 pe | Cina 1 Vas BS-2s5 F425 a2 [a3 Gaal, . (st. 63- 86-0/23 Isi-63- A9°2ss[243 te(wMoger) > BYP Ib 3 Tena as 1 a daa Res Bt ue 1.62 B4-49)a9 ted, qm = 4 ar[3rdoctet) Ro-0 BY B80 eon ~ [22 8a-206 83-288 4\.1s5 (S1-68-38-0 fo Q-2se/22. Summer qation. — Combining of subnured ws into a single fw. + (9-16 -\8- 0 fy © Mowe cure outne IPs givenare (44-1 + 1q-0/24 Nehnork 10s _ L3Ble -20-0/24. @ Summariqaren city he done @ fer tne nebwark ids 5 which fer Ocktis Some . @ Pam ter de yigpr asmmarigokion vail be dene (er nat ocker Omd vest of Ockels oF bis will become Zev . whichever the Ocker {> net 2eme s 18 ~ Pool 0010 14 4 a901 0041 d 7 99010190 AND aa1e-16-0/24 Og0/0000 =}5© +e eategote C1DA , wenek do check concecoHve AiG which Ove aame en lye ve right. s 19 ~ Gooloelo 22 ~ Coo10)19 14 4+ aso0looll a 7osoloyil 22 4 osdlailo 26 4 9001a|0 9 AND AND Qao/ OO! =15 0g0/0}00 > 2° 2 C (32-16 -1b ofa 13816-20-0/92. > e 1s1-82-91-62]16" ts1-Bu Los. 40/14 Is) BS -S1- 63] 16 Qos \s1-23-0.0 6 Is1 -Q4-0-0] 16 (1 BE-0-0f16 Bz2arolooll Ist-20-0-0/18 814 E1Olo1C® $s o190101 01 —=_— 01010090 +80 eg. Wa 83-S9/24_ 59 oll loll 19.4-91-923- 9 FI 9 oraoor ty} 2-4 grootscg at 190-91-83-92] 24. 10M -83-0 [2s Do000000 — in Supneting , C100 oluiags increanes. 3 in Summarinphion , COR « Gacreones.133-16-81-41/24 18 16-83-51] 25 139-16- 82 96) 2 Bis olotoool 19346 -80.0 (3) Yas o1o1oeto gasoimiaol | 61010000 =8 eyo’©! (open System Intereonreckian) > developed by 180 ( (Internationa) Sieardards Orgen's ation) Stordavd fe niwiny is OS) Stwhidh debines hew commumicaton will teka piace fos deuices en aource fe dukinathn. ir Provides @ commen Skmdard ir deudtopiny ol mw devices. “9 ik haps in Gipersoh vendor deuice te intercperate watt och offer . —> It haps io easy Woubie shoolieg — ost ts divided Inte seven ayers fesiwt* Sender + Pppvcakon — dt haps ong nie enginaer te identify de 6 Presentation Prtiem 4 ne layer voimour agen ote S Session loyers. “Vromsps2 ‘ fa agin commponuats ~ Sander | Peciwer. > Date Unk Sander 6 a A | Pecuey | Prysicad . | | P — s s T T N N D | D el 1G Appucotion_ Ist => jer agin cthe seruices thar usew hon vequusted ¢ oma ‘tthe prrocou. mat will be used foqoun fnose Sewices. Sensicas, Protocols Web = 2 HTTP, HTTPS femate. —> Telnar, Sst Mail > Pof ,1mAP file —» PrP Tet? Demain. — DNS, Bric.—? Sophsores ae ust te medivon | ptoy im feu t thar aeqices i mt Presentation 7 Ae fearing A ermat of Ame dole Sreciened Ox Aan b}va Nehuowe Gevices . Peye dmen Audio => mp3, wma, Video = MPL Lamy, av Piduwe + jpeg, bmp Text . — dee, Pe 4 thevesriesing Presentation ayer wequires Mieas favinels Benet tne dots combe presented tothe uiex ina readable ay visible Momner _ + Compression ; decompression , eneapptton, dec»prion. 9 Utensites hemslation. Session, — fs uled fo Create, Maintain or terminate Semions b]» Aienr omd aerver . — ne .of Gemions debands upon me.of ped Pore 3 \obir = a = &ssae ~ Goéssac per Lan. Perley Sag. 3 6904 aaa Session A “la 6 6 a ae fe] | Sin oF Sewer to Aigperentate blu user aecsions.Nor eonuert om ip gon by hae Seine: > jam (24S obi se “ ant nn) Nat . fo ene ‘oa? Reutty obse mmainisins ssn ide. iy Privare a a.com . gid 4 SUID acorn . Sid [2840 sina qirgie LAN shoo uses camnat be amigned she Aéame aenion ia doy Gare Gatination - bub con be assigned for different destination. cargos apy BANS 944 a eps com « gees 9 Bession layer isatno varponsible qe a Conk. “amide af commumicatian 9 Seastan expination — Session i lie Hmeouk. 9 Senprex , half duplex Pan dupler .Texts poo sya A a —t fo check end to and connectivity . e | e 8 ° Segmentation 8 Sequins. x N equanong > ‘ febaites na demient P P Gonestion Otientelian | Sarentabso Connection “ss 7 aiding © large ov bin data inte Postamignmant Bow Contre! 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