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Differential Equation

This document provides an overview of different types of differential equations and their solutions. It defines order as the number of differentiations and degree as the power of the highest order derivative. Variable separable equations can be solved by integrating separate functions of x and y. Homogeneous equations involve putting y or x in terms of a variable t. Linear equations can be solved through integration using an integrating factor when the coefficients satisfy certain conditions. Bernoulli's form involves a substitution to convert to a linear equation.

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19 views3 pages

Differential Equation

This document provides an overview of different types of differential equations and their solutions. It defines order as the number of differentiations and degree as the power of the highest order derivative. Variable separable equations can be solved by integrating separate functions of x and y. Homogeneous equations involve putting y or x in terms of a variable t. Linear equations can be solved through integration using an integrating factor when the coefficients satisfy certain conditions. Bernoulli's form involves a substitution to convert to a linear equation.

Uploaded by

SOHOM BISWAS
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION

NOTES:
 The number of differentiation applied is called order of the D.E. Number of
constants present in the main equation = order of the D.E.
 The power of the highest order D.C. is called degree of the D.E.

( )( )
3 6 2 4
d y d y dy
Ex . : 3
+ 2
+ 5 =0 ,here 3 order of D.E. and 6  degree of D.E.
dx dx dx

Variable separable form:


Function of “x” is multiplied with dx and Function of “y” is multiplied with dy . In
this form we can easily integrate it by integrating f (x) and f(y) w .r . t . x and y
respectively.
Ex . : f ( x ) dx +f ( y ) dy=c

Homogeneous differential equation:


In this form we have to put y=xt or x=yt where t is a variable then dy /dx is replaced
by dy /dt or dx /dt

For a homogeneous equation f (x)=f ( mx), where “m” is a constant.


2 2
dy x + y
Ex . : = ; put y=xt and solve.
dx xy

Linear differential equation:

Rearest form:
dy ax−by +c
=
dx bx+ dy +e

Here sum of the coefficients of y in the numerator and x in the denominator must
be zero (0). Just cross multiply and integrate.
Same function:
dy ax +by +c
=
dx ax+ by+ d

Just substitute ax +by =z and then simplify and integrate the whole stuff.

Reducible to variable separable form:


dy ax +by +c
=
dx px +qy +r

Put x=X + h and y=Y + k and calculate the pair (h , k ) for which ah+ bk +c=0 and
ph+qy +r =0simultaneously satisfied. And follow the previous knowledge.

Important observation:
dy −cos x (3 cos y−7 sin x−3)
=
dx sin y (3 sin x−7 cos y+ 7)

In this type of equation where x and y are not free (or present in a function) put
that function as p whose differentiation is multiplied with dy and dx .

Integrating factor:
dy
 dx + P ( x ) y=Q(x ) in this type of format the general solution is:

y . ( I . F . )=∫ Q ( x ) . ( I . F . ) dx and integrating factor /(I . F .)=∫ e P ( x ) dx

dx
 dy + P ( y ) x=Q( y ) in this type of format the general solution is:

x . ( I . F . )=∫ Q ( y ) . ( I . F . ) dy and integrating factor /(I . F .)=∫ e P ( y ) dy

Bernoulli’s form:
 Sometimes a differential equation is not linear but it can be converted
into a linear differential equation by a suitable substitution
' dy
f ( y) + P ( x ) f ( y )=Q ( x )
dx
in this type of format the general solution is:

u . ( I . F . )=∫ Q ( x ) . ( I . F . ) dx and integrating factor /(I . F .)=∫ e P ( x ) dx and u=f ( y)

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