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Gases

This document discusses key concepts about gases, including: 1) It defines gases as having no definite shape or volume and describes the kinetic molecular theory of gases, which explains gas properties and behavior in terms of particle motion. 2) Several gas laws are described, including Boyle's, Charles', Gay-Lussac's, Avogadro's, Dalton's and combined gas law, which relate pressure, volume, temperature, and amount of gas. 3) Concepts like effusion, diffusion, stoichiometry, and the ideal gas equation are also covered in relation to describing gas behavior.

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Ken Juliana Fe Isaac
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16 views

Gases

This document discusses key concepts about gases, including: 1) It defines gases as having no definite shape or volume and describes the kinetic molecular theory of gases, which explains gas properties and behavior in terms of particle motion. 2) Several gas laws are described, including Boyle's, Charles', Gay-Lussac's, Avogadro's, Dalton's and combined gas law, which relate pressure, volume, temperature, and amount of gas. 3) Concepts like effusion, diffusion, stoichiometry, and the ideal gas equation are also covered in relation to describing gas behavior.

Uploaded by

Ken Juliana Fe Isaac
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Gases

LEARNING
OBJECTIVES
 Define pressure and
give its common units

 Express the gas laws in


equation form
 Use the gas laws to
determine the pressure,
volume, or temperature
of a gas under certain
conditions of change

 Use the ideal gas


equation to calculate
the pressure, volume,
temperature, or number
of moles of a gas
 Use Dalton’s law of
partial pressures to
relate the mole fraction
and the partial pressure
of gases in a mixture

 Apply the principles of


stoichiometry to
determine the amounts
of gaseous reactants
and products
 Explain the gas laws in
terms of the kinetic
molecular theory of
gases

 Relate the rate of gas


effusion with molar
mass
GASES

Described as not having a definite shape and


volume

Have lower density

Gas particles collide with one another


 Force produced
when the
particles collide
with a surface
creates pressure
PRESSURE

 Commonly measured
using a barometer or a
manometer

Barometer – measures the


atmospheric pressure
Manometer or
pressure gauge –
measures the
pressure in a
closed system
KINETIC MOLECULAR
THEORY (KMT) OF
GASES

 describes the nature of


gases and the behaviour
of the particles that
comprise them
KINETIC MOLECULAR
THEORY OF GASES MAKES
THE FOLLOWING
ASSUMPTIONS:

 The gas consists of a


minute particles (atoms
or molecules)
The gas particles
The gas particles
are considered as
are constantly
hard spheres such
moving at a rapid
that their collision
and random motion
are perfectly elastic
KINETIC MOLECULAR
THEORY OF GASES MAKES
THE FOLLOWING
ASSUMPTIONS:

 The interaction among


particles
(intermolecular forces
of attraction), either
attractive or repulsive,
is negligible.
 The average kinetic
energy of a gas is
directly proportional to
its absolute
temperature expressed
in Kelvin.
Boyle’s law

Charles's law

Gay-Lussac’s law
have kinetic
are explained
Gases properties Avogadro’s law by molecular
predicted by theory

Ideal glass equation

Dalton’s law

Graham’s law
BOYLE’S LAW

States that the


pressure of a fixed
Formulated by Irish amount of gas is
scientist Robert Boyle inversely proportional
to its volume at
constant temperature
GAY-  Named after French chemist and
LUSSAC’S physicist Joseph Gay-Lussac

LAW
 States that the
pressure of a fixed
amount of gas is
directly proportional
to its absolute
temperature at a
constant volume
CHARLE’S LAW

States that the volume


French scientist
of a gas is directly
Jacques Charles
proportional to its
together with Gay-
absolute temperature
Lussac
at a constant pressure
AVOGADRO’S
LAW

 By Amadeo Avogadro
known for the
Avogadro’s number
 States that the volume
of a gas is directly
proportional to the
number of particles at
the same pressure and
absolute temperature,
regardless of the
nature of the gas
IDEAL GAS AND
IDEAL GAS
EQUATION
 In relation to the
Avogadro’s law ideal
gas equation links all
three variables
(volume, temperature,
and pressure) to the
amount of a gas
expressed in mole
Ideal gas - is a
theoretical gas, which
satisfies the
assumptions of the
kinetic molecular
theory
COMBINED GAS
LAW

 Combination of gas laws of


Boyle, Charles, and Gay-
Lussac into a single
equation to examine the
behaviour of a constant
amount of gas when three
gas conditions are changed
DALTON’S LAW OF
PARTIAL PRESSURES
 States that the total pressure of a
mixture of gases in a container is equal
to the sum of the partial pressures of the
individual gases

PT = P1 + P2+ P3 + ... + Pn
Solve

 A gas is compressed initially at a volume of 4L to 0.5 L.


The initial pressure is 2 atm. What is the final pressure
provided that the temperature remain constant?
Solve

 A gas is compressed initially at a volume of 4L to 0.5 L.


The initial pressure is 2 atm. What is the final pressure
provided that the temperature remain constant?

 P1V1 = P2V2

 2 atm (4L) = P2 (0.5L)


 P2 = 16 atm
Gas
Stochiometry
Answer
Effusion and
Diffusion
 EFFUSION – is the movement of gas
particles through a tiny hole

 DIFFUSION – the process by which a gas


spreads or mixes with another gas
LAW OF
EFFUSION
 Formulated by Scottish
chemist Thomas
Graham

 States that the rate of


effusion or diffusion of
a gas is inversely
proportional to the
square root of its
molar mass

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