HAK-HAK WBP

ATAS LAYANAN
KESEHATAN
MENTAL
• Heru Susetyo, SH. LL.M. M.Si. M.Ag. Ph.D
• Associate Professor Fakultas Hukum Universitas Indonesia
• [email protected]
• OPINI KEBIJAKAN KANWIL KEMENKUMHAM KEPRI
• 28 Februari 2023
 • The impact of prison on mental health and well-being
The following are factors that WHO and the International
Red Cross (10) identify as negatively impacting on prison
DAMPAK mental health:
PEMENJARAAN • overcrowding;
TERHADAP • various forms of violence;
• enforced solitude;
KESEHATAN
• lack of privacy;
MENTAL • lack of meaningful activity,
(Duncan & • isolation from social networks;
Zwemstra) • insecurity about future prospects(work, relationships);
• inadequate health services, especially mental health
services, in prisons.
 • bullying by other inmates;
• concerns about family – difficulty in communicating with them;
• lack of a person they could trust to talk to;
• little meaningful activity and the monotony of the regime;
Masalah • no privacy;

WBP • worries and concerns over release;

• substance misuse;
(Duncan & • incompatibility with cell-mates;

Zwemstra) • poor diet;

• limited access to physical activity such as the gym
• unresolved past life traumas;
• difficulty in accessing services, particularly health care and
counselling.
 • in addition to having mental health problems,
commonly experienced most if not all of the
following problems concurrently:
• a history of unemployment

PROBLEM WBP • poor education

• learning difficulties
(Duncan& • addiction or problematic substance misuse

Zwemstra)) • poor life and social skills

• poor access to stable housing
• debts both inside and outside prison
• poor general health
• past life trauma
 4 . Age of criminal
responsibility
• 4.1 In those legal systems
recognizing the concept of the
age of criminal responsibility
for juveniles, the beginning of
that age shall not be fixed at
too low an age level, bearing in
mind the facts of emotional,
mental and intellectual
maturity.

United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for

the Administration of Juvenile Justice (The
Beijing Rules)
United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the
Administration of Juvenile Justice (The Beijing Rules)

Different forms of assistance that may become necessary have been enumerated
to draw attention to the broad range of particular needs of young detainees to be
addressed (for example females or males, drug addicts, alcoholics, mentally ill
juveniles, young persons suffering from the trauma, for example, of arrest, etc.).

Varying physical and psychological characteristics of young detainees may warrant

classification measures by which some are kept separate while in detention
pending trial, thus contributing to the avoidance of victimization and rendering
more appropriate assistance.
United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the
Administration of Juvenile Justice (The Beijing
Rules)

• Medical and psychological assistance, in

particular, are extremely important for
institutionalized drug addicts, violent and
mentally ill young persons.
Basic Principles for the Treatment of Prisoners

ADOPTED 14 December 1990

BY General Assembly resolution 45/111

All prisoners shall be treated with the respect due to their inherent dignity and value as
human beings.
There shall be no discrimination on the grounds of race, colour, sex, language, religion,
political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.
Basic Principles for the Treatment of
Prisoners

• Except for those limitations that are demonstrably necessitated by the fact of
incarceration, all prisoners shall retain the human rights and fundamental freedoms set
out in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and, where the State concerned is a
party, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, and the
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Optional Protocol thereto,
as well as such other rights as are set out in other United Nations covenants.
UU SPPA No. 11 tahun 2012

Pasal 90 (1) Selain hak yang telah diatur dalam ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan
sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 89, Anak Korban dan Anak Saksi berhak atas:
a. upaya rehabilitasi medis dan rehabilitasi sosial, baik di dalam lembaga maupun di luar
lembaga;
b. jaminan keselamatan, baik fisik, mental, maupun sosial; dan
c. kemudahan dalam mendapatkan informasi mengenai perkembangan perkara
Penjelasan Pasal 32 UU SPPA No.
11/ 2012

• Pasal 32 Ayat (1) Pada dasarnya penahanan dilakukan untuk kepentingan pemeriksaan, tetapi
penahanan terhadap Anak harus pula memperhatikan kepentingan Anak yang menyangkut
pertumbuhan dan perkembangan Anak, baik fisik, mental, maupun sosial, Anak dan
kepentingan masyarakat. Yang dimaksud dengan “lembaga” dalam ketentuan ini adalah
lembaga, baik pemerintah maupun swasta, di bidang kesejahteraan sosial Anak, antara lain
panti asuhan, dan panti rehabilitasi.
 • Ayat (2) Hak yang diperoleh Anak selama
ditempatkan di LPKA diberikan sesuai
dengan ketentuan Undang-Undang
Penjelasan tentang Pemasyarakatan. Dalam
Pasal 85 ayat pemberian hak tersebut, tetap perlu
diperhatikan pembinaan bagi Anak yang
(2) SPPA bersangkutan, antara lain mengenai
pertumbuhan dan perkembangan Anak,
baik fisik, mental, maupun sosial.
Mental Health in Prison
(Duncan & Zwemstra)
• Prisoners with mental health problems benefit from good basic prison care. The mental well-being of any
prisoner can deteriorate if his or her needs are not met.
• Studies have consistently shown that the prevalence of poor mental health among prisoners is considerably
higher than in the community.
• Prison mental health services should be based on the health needs of prisoners.
This might require more intensive and integrated services than in the wider community.
• Prisoners with mental health problems will often also have several other vulnerabilities, such as substance
misuse problems, poor physical health, learning difficulties, poor life skills, histories of trauma, relationship
difficulties, unstable housing and/or homelessness, poor education and limited experience of employment.
• Mental health treatment and care need to address all the prisoners’ needs, including their social needs, and
be psychosocial in nature.
• All staff working in prisons should have an appropriate level of mental health awareness training, which
should cover the specific needs of those with personality disorders.
 • Maintaining links between a prisoner and his/her family can be
crucial for the mental well-being of the prisoner, for a successful
return to society on release, as well as benefiting the family.
• All prisoners should be screened on entry to prison for a range of
mental health and related problems. There should also be other
Mental Health opportunities to identify needs.
• Some prisoners suffer from severe or acute mental health
in Prison symptoms and may benefit from treatment in a psychiatric unit,
either in the prison or in a hospital.
(Duncan & • The mental health needs of different groups of prisoners such as
women, older prisoners, children and young people, prisoners from
Zwemstra) minority ethnic or cultural groups and foreign prisoners, may need to
be addressed differently.
• Continuity of care is important for a prisoner, including the
continuation of treatment that he/she was receiving prior to
incarceration and the handing over of care to a community-based
provider on release.