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AICT

The document discusses the components, functions, and uses of computers. It describes the hardware and software components that make up a computer system, including the central processing unit, memory, storage devices, and input/output components. Examples of common uses of computers mentioned include word processing, web browsing, communication, entertainment, education, research, and more.

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amnamalik5155
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121 views

AICT

The document discusses the components, functions, and uses of computers. It describes the hardware and software components that make up a computer system, including the central processing unit, memory, storage devices, and input/output components. Examples of common uses of computers mentioned include word processing, web browsing, communication, entertainment, education, research, and more.

Uploaded by

amnamalik5155
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UOG-HAFIZ HAYAT CAMPUS GUJRAT

BS-IT
1st Semester

Name: Amna malik


Roll no. :23011556-019
Subject: A I C T
Submitted to :Sir Bilal Tariq Butt

[~what is a computer ?
A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information or data. It has ability to
store, retrive or process data. It accepts in information in the form of digitalized data and
manipulates it for some result based program, software or instructions on how the data is to
be processed. Major types of computers may include Analog computers ,Desktop computers
, Personal computers , Maniframe computers , Microcomputers and Laptops. Functionalities
of a computer:

Any computer carries out five functions which are


1) Input or inserting data and instruction.
2) Processing
3) Output or retrieving data or information
4) Storming data or information
5) Controlling of devices and functions

Components of a computer

A computer system is divided into two categories: Hardware and


Software. Hardware refers to the physical and visible components of the
system such as a monitor, CPU, keyboard and mouse. Software, on the other
hand, refers to a set of instructions which enable the hardware to perform a
specific set of tasks.
Primary Memory:-
1. RAM: Random Access Memory (RAM) is a memory scheme within the computer
system responsible for storing data on a temporary basis, so that it can be promptly
accessed by the processor as and when needed. It is volatile in nature, which means
that data will be erased once supply to the storage device is turned off. RAM stores
data randomly and the processor accesses these data randomly from the RAM
storage. RAM is considered "random access" because you can access any memory
cell directly if you know the row and column that intersect at that cell.
2. ROM (Read Only Memory): ROM is a permanent form of storage. ROM stays
active regardless of whether power supply to it is turned on or off. ROM devices
do not allow data stored on them to be modified.
Secondary Memory:-
Stores data and programs permanently :its retained after the power is turned off
1. Hard drive (HD): A hard disk is part of a unit, often called a "disk drive," "hard drive," or
"hard
disk drive," that store and provides relatively quick access to large amounts of data on an
electromagnetically charged surface or set of surfaces.
2. Optical Disk: an optical disc drive (ODD) is a disk drive that uses laser light as part of the
process
of reading or writing data to or from optical discs. Some drives can only read from discs, but
recent
drives are commonly both readers and recorders, also called burners or writers.
Compact discs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs are common types of optical media
which can be read and recorded by such drives.
Output devices:
An output device is any piece of computer hardware equipment used to
communicate
the results of data processing carried out by an information processing system
(such as a computer) which converts the electronically generated information
into humanreadable form.
Software:
Software is a generic term for organized collections of computer data and
instructions, often broken into two major categories: system software that
provides the basic nontask-specific functions of the computer, and application
software which is used byusers to accomplish specific tasks
. A. System software is responsible for controlling, integrating, and managing
the individual hardware components of a computer system so that other
software and the users of the system see it as a functional unit without having
to be concerned with the low-level details such as transferring data from
memory to disk, or rendering text onto a display.
B. Application software is used to accomplish specific tasks other than just
running
the computer system. Application software may consist of a single program,
such
as an image viewer; a small collection of programs.

Uses of computers
Computers are used for a wide range of tasks, including data processing,
storage and retrieval, communication, entertainment, education, research, and
many others. Some common specific uses of computers include: Word
processing and other office tasks. Web browsing and internet communication.
Computers are used at homes for several purposes like online bill payment,
watching movies or shows at home, home tutoring, social media access,
playing games, internet access, etc. They provide communication through
electronic mail.
It has the ability to store, retrieve, and process data. You may already know
that you can use a computer to type documents, send email, play games, and
browse the Web. You can also use it to edit or create spreadsheets,
presentations, and even videos.
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