DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL RUBY PARK, KOLKATA

SESSION: 2023-24
SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS
CLASS - 7
TOPIC: INTEGERS

Integers constitute the whole numbers and their opposites.

Representation of Integers on Number Line

| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
−6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

• Positive integers are depicted on the number line in an increasing order from left to
right starting from 0.
• Negative integers are depicted on the number line in a decreasing order from right to
left starting from 0.
• Zero is less than every positive integer but greater than every negative integer.
• The value of integer keeps on increasing as we move from left to right on the number
line.

Absolute Value of an Integer

The absolute value of an integer is the numerical value of the integer regardless of its
sign.The absolute value of an integer is denoted by | a |.
E.g.: The absolute value i.e. | 7 | = 7, | −7 | = 7 , | 0 | = 0 , −|−7 | = −7

Operation on Integers
Addition and Subtraction
• When two positive integers are to be added, we add the numbers and place a plus sign
before the sum.
• When two negative integers are to be added, we add the numbers and place a minus
sign before the sum.
• When a positive and a negative number are to be added, we subtract the numbers and
place the sign of the bigger number before the sum.
• When two integers are to be subtracted, we add the additive inverse of the integer that
is being subtracted, to the other integer.
Properties of addition and subtraction of Integers
✓ Integers are closed under addition and subtraction.
✓ Addition is commutative for integers, but subtraction is not.
✓ Addition is associative for integers, but subtraction is not.
✓ Zero is the additive identity for integers as zero added to any integer is the integer
itself.
✓ For every integer ‘a’, the integer (-a) is the additive inverse as their sum is zero.

Multiplication of Integers
• The product of two positive integers is always positive.
• The product of two negative integers is always positive.
• Product of a positive and a negative integer is always negative.
• The product of an odd number of negative integers is always negative.
• The product of and even number of negative integers is always positive.
Properties of Multiplication of Integers
✓ Integers are closed with respect to multiplication.
✓ Multiplication of integer is commutative and associative.
✓ Product of an integer and zero is always zero.
✓ One is the multiplicative identity for integers as one multiplied to any integer is the
integer itself.
✓ Multiplication of integers display distributive property over addition and subtraction.
If a, b, c are any three integers then, a × (b + c) = (a × b) + (a × c) and
a × (b−c) = (a × b) − (a × c)

Division of Integers
• When both the divisor and dividend are of the same sign, the quotient is positive.
• When the dividend and divisor are of different sign, the quotient is negative.

Properties of division of integers

✓ Integers are not closed under division.
✓ Division of integers is neither communicative nor associative.
✓ Division by zero is meaningless and hence not defined.
✓ Zero divided by any non-zero integer is always equal to zero.
✓ Any integer divided by 1 gives the same integer.
✓ Any integer divided by (−1) gives the additive inverse of the integer.
✓ Division is neither distributive over addition nor subtraction.

Important properties are summarized below

Solved Examples:

1. Evaluate:
a) 15 ÷ [(−3) + 2] = 15 ÷ (−1) = −15
b) [−48 ÷ 8] ÷ (−3) = (−6) ÷ (−3) =3

2. Verify the following:

18× [ 7 + (-3)] = [ 18 × 7] + [ 18 × (-3)]
Solution: LHS = 18 × [ 7 + (-3)]
 = 18 × 4
= 72
RHS = [18 × 7] + [ 8 × (-3)]
=126 + (-54)
=72
LHS=RHS
Hence verified.
3. Evaluate using distributive property.
Solution: (−2315) × 98 + (−2315) × 2
= (−2315) × (98 + 2)
= (− 2315) × 100
= − 231500

4. In a medical entrance examination, there were 60 questions in biology, 4 marks were

given for every correct answer and −2 marks were given for every incorrect answer.
a) Muskan attempted all question but only 50 of her answers were
incorrect. What was her total score?
b) Urvi attempted 50 questions and got 42 correct answers. What was her
total score?
c) Who scored more marks?
Solution:
a) Marks given for 1 correct answer = 4
So, marks given for Muskan’s 50 correct answers= 50 × 4 = 200
Marks given for 1 incorrect answer = −2
Marks given for Muskan’s 10 (60˗50) incorrect answers= −2 × 10 = −20
Muskan’s total score= 200 + (−20) = 180

b) Marks given for Urvi’s 42 correct answers = 42 × 4 = 168

Marks given for Urvi’s 8 (= 50−42) incorrect answers= −2 × 8= −16
Urvi’s total score= 168 + (−16) = 152.

c) Muskan scored more marks.

5. In a quiz +2 marks are given for a correct answer, −1 mark for an incorrect answer
and 0 marks for not attempting a question. Radhika scored 30 marks. If she got 18
correct answers, how many questions did she attempt incorrectly?
Solution:
Marks awarded for correct answer = 18 × 2 = 36
Total marks scored = 30
Marks awarded for wrong answer = 30 – 36 = −6
Marks awarded for each answer = −1
Number of incorrect answers = −6 ÷ −1 = 6
Alternate Method:
Let the number of questions Radhika attempted incorrectly be x .
[Marks obtained for correct answer] + [Marks obtained for incorrect answer] =
Radhika's score
(2 × 18) + [(1) × x] =30
or 36 – x = 30
or x = 36 − 30
or x = 6
 Hence, Radhika attempted 6 questions incorrectly.

6. An elevator descends into a mine shaft at the rate of 6 m/min. If the descent starts
from 10 m above the ground level, how long will it take to reach −350 m?
Solution:
Total distance that mine shaft has to cover = 10 − (− 350) m = 360 m
Speed of elevator = 6 m/min.
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 360
Time taken = Speed = 6
= 60 minutes or 1 hour

Questions for Practice:

1. Subtract the sum of −1032 and 878 from the sum of 45 and −192.

2. Evaluate the following.

a) (−7) × (−12) × (−15)
b) (−156) ÷ (−12)
c) (−525) ÷ 25

3. Find the value using distributive property (−576) × 8 + 576 × (−92).

4. The product of two negative integers is 420, if one integer is −5, find the other.

5. Verify the property a × (b × c) = (a × b) × c, if a .=15, b =−35, c =20.

6. The temperature of a city on Monday was 31˚C. The temperature rose by 2˚C everyday
up to Friday and fell by 7˚on Saturday. What was the temperature of the city on
Saturday?

7. In a test +3 marks are awarded for every correct answer, −1 mark are given for every
incorrect answer. Sona attempted all the questions and scored +20 marks though she got
10 correct questions.
a) How many incorrect answers has she attempted?
b) How many questions were given in the test?

Choose the correct option-

8. If odd number of negative integers are multiplied with any number of positive integers,
the resulting product will be.
a) positive b) negative c) cannot say (d) none of these.

9. For any three given integers m, n, p,

m × (n–p) = m × n – m × p represents _________ property over subtraction.
a) closure b) commutative c) associative d) distributive
10. What must be subtracted from −3 to get −9?
(a) −6 (b) 12 (c) 6 (d) −12

11. Which one of the following represent statement “3 times the sum of 2 and 4”?
(a) 3 × 2 + 4 (b) 3 + (2 × 4) (c) 3 × 4 + 2 (d) 3 × (2 + 4)

12. Product of two integers is 256, if one of the integers is (−8), then the other is.
(a) 32 (b) −32 (c) 248 (d) −264

Assertion-Reason Type –
Each question has two statements, namely Assertion (A) and Reason (R). for selecting the
correct answer use the following code
a. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) correctly explains (A).
b. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) does not explain (A).
c. (A) is true, (R) is false.
d. (A) is false and (R) is true.
13. Assertion (A): Every integer is a rational number.
Reason (R): An integer is a number with no decimal or fractional part, from the set of
negative and positive number including zero.
14. Assertion (A): Closure property under addition and subtraction states that sum or
difference of any two integers will always be an integer.
Reason (R): 7 + (−10) = 7 – 10 = −3
15. Assertion (A): Negative integers are always smaller than positive integers.
Reason (R): 0 is greater than every positive integer.Type equation here.
16. Assertion (A): 15 ÷ (3 + 5) ≠ (15 ÷ 3) + (15 ÷ 5)
Reason (R): Distributive law over addition holds for division of integers.
17. Assertion (A): The additive inverse of (−20) is 1/20
Reason (R): (−20) + 20 = 0

Case Study Based

18. Ruby cement company committed for superior quality earns a profit of ₹8 per bag of
white cement sold and a loss of ₹5 per bag of grey cement sold.
a. The company sells 3,000 bags of white cement and 5,000 bags of grey cement in a
month. What is its profit or loss?
b. What is the number of white cement bags it must sell to have neither profit nor loss, if
the number of grey bags sold is 6,400 bags?
Answers:
1) 7 2) a. −1260 b. 13 c. −21 3) −57600
4) −84 6) 32˚C 7) a) 10 b) 20 8) b
9) d 10) c 11) d 12) b
13) b 14) a 15) c 16) c
17) d 18) a. Loss, ₹1000 b. 4000 bags