Coat Sheng = = : cot “Sa Ale CK, ¢ eenere _ ee » Xe a Collection of Ciyject S-___ ~€ denotes the predicate _ ‘belongs to anol denotes we _Predicate_ ‘ doeadt belong, to’ ox ‘dont toeto oo _ The. aloove cate en Ao Sok the Pollowking x Vg PRER ——Fes_an wen oloject. &, only rone ef tine Fotloust “ne x ove “ag X' es Diente ea et Ket A and_b ie, ion Sets ————— _# Then we have following operations 7 _i+ (AUB) | xe Cent SSCA YS KEW 7 = i ==: (80m)

rer and af Sud thot ga 4: de dex “oe a aftsand A be a Siar As Then _ AcHxAs Saerlaga y: BS ASCK A-B={aexl aca A 246 6: A=B &) ratex Poove “the Follasiog ©) a-® = ane? G) ASHE ee p> ——. R)_A- Cann) = ae 6) hr any %,_ REC AB) & Xer ond ade -_ ie. > (eA) A Cress) ee Cp > RE (ANDES) Hh Qiven rca, esoree Bene — eR SadQy = . Ee non) on > meat _ _ ‘ ___ GY Gen gf ca® Te gan ACB : 1 Ut aed. Chen ed ac : : ea et sxer [EP 7 Ri for an ie ae (i (aon) ¥ GEA) AC eqANeS) . TB REA (ada V Mis) 7 : | & (zea AUEA)DY (wena xen) i ee : & TeAA AED i 5 | SAB. - r a diffesence ov Cxclucdve” ° : ‘hi x be a Set A,BE K 1 ABR = CABO AD s—=sz ole Ot Cacutve disjuncton. z |_AVB = (Aob)= (AND) | I leeAVD SS enV ce® \—Prgppsmugr '-_" det s = clef a" es _ Ret x be a set A BEX Then wie hone ts g0ou0 @G = AVS ot a ene ae (AB) ov XeCe-4A) 7 & (xe ond 2d) ot (zen and 4A) _ (xen, ox te) A(xe8 ov KGAA ACE ED bx XE) : (agp orxday — . . enudpus\a(aé@ng) - = & xc Cavs)~ ~ On) S xe een _Lacersfse d= i 98% = BOA Gh) seceecd = (ASRI@C_ Gy Ae hd =A Uy) ABA= 4 VY) = ABR =CAnRe) oO serteston fades ivi avast Let A and B be wo Sete Contesian product of A ER %e 9 get AXB consiging of ordaed Pare oo ee sea aA mtb _ Sco) lac and bes 4 4» Ax® EBA 4 BxB)Ac + HA(exa) testo uct fon i en oe aa Theo ohe Mey = oe iG defined, a _ ite § Ch, | ae Xp Teron _S ye: BY Me = Then = Ths EWK = F Cute etn) BE KS PS at oy) bee _ Nite pod — Kx %e $tavny [mex were § a \ Spey aged mone POEM a + SPL et MOK Veet ae > = EPO, Ox | so=4 ee fee Lacerise 9:- (a) AXCBuCD = Caxp)v(Arc) - ‘e) Ax(@ne) = Caen) ACAxe) a > Iwi the Seks a ee doit: SHloigt Fd tosh > ee 4 —> Find alk the condos Auch Hoot “1 ARB: BxA hold . SO ia te G8 tin ow Y feo Suket RQ of Xx¥ 2 Relation Hy Rex¥ Ra d—* Empty Ration = REO¥it oo best ma et z= tu yperR <> aky vn> pictoriar yr mtario> ‘| LB GR =| Retcton: Romain of a Relator R a kee) = Fxexl Opes 7 qex b a Range af retasion R = ten eT gey re pence dot fome ERS | _ Composition of -lwo. Relations i a _ — RrexXay¥ - RCYx 2 ee RoR ded Fae e coe “eid. - acl, ok Lon, yreies # Cqemat | —— a | | j | : T(RDad (ey = g - =— Cxarmpe: x=@, Ys R 1 Z= = i = R: forge QxR = Vx s an Ss Leyzr er Z | Be CaS . tt ACR) = By, ACS) Qe = “= Siva peGrel, (8) = Bow _ _ 2s atk) = Boo ran= BZ ite AEBap © Zr0 _ / Tange. oe oe spoondive JP Tee Pre way mek i Maer—— — Leg a ae - . ee ae WER. anol Cy ER Ban ay ——- ——— Eagtootae lation: cd Riga equivalance Relation on SP —_ ee CyReflerine _ - —— 1 Zarometsic — Wd Frans thve Ie At Kez R= - Son, ye 2 eae [ee any iS iis ath =—- neve Hut Ris equivatomee roif}- 9 Re Reflesive —_ Snee_v=a20_\ Ag_divigitete at a - —ADO|SR 4 Ne Wb | Symmetric ott ay eR: Ten Ca-y ig Avie lee” _ bj tc (ee Ghd Yor rg — —divisitele toy =F —_ i. Fronguive ut (yu) ER card (Yee a Cegpis oli tsi'bg Shou fee ate tarps) 6: ‘divisitat Sey ay Encude. 4=Z, mewn rere naz lay ‘waivi ‘sh gfae my { Cdr det be a det ont Bean: equbsctnree: Rtlation 20 Ye hy set I Cale =fye [eugrer > is Calid | Cqulvasance “Clans gropudie Fr Ea ehapek i a \pecame mee | Gt (: Ge ode es City |- Quaotfent Set t- Xige fea iE i a ee = _ . Lactiton of a_ eet t- ee REX ea set tat Pe Say Ae - An’ pe a set of —Euosets of % Then, Pas called a pon of x tf Be Sd, (ah Pre FErChoy FX yoiloas © a ; Pox $Ca5), ted) far Sto tHto,d) $4 = iter a_porffon P=fhAs--- amt of X We can defmre a Relation £ R= Concent). -O Camis} Risa mce_ rel Why ate mex ae ____ @¢ oahce tn (4a) nk edema’ : Cayre Maar => (ye @ _ Ret ye) dom Care andi -for Gomb i and yf Ay at Be heme eA ( fet) | CLUDE Axat CR __% Sefe] ze cade§ gex| nyreR b pase _%E At DaJe At— — Vale vetation on at ——!__Stx : “zi «) © ays divide a Seb emgg —) 4902 eI eee leanne — _ —a4zup dor pez } - of AOub f Ce Pyelr-y ie diudslity beg 4 24-3059 2 = 6-253, 6,10. 3 3, My Xe Re Re Xx © Rx Cru iE ( we ie i iD Fates cba, Se (te T) Hel % be a Set A Retalon Ron nK% Gold tone boreTi# CURIS ~wetleuve GH RS antl ummed se | (XA) Gi) RR Trayditive a ey OWET _ cD) oxy 98. uh ah Buloset of X beaudiveg ous) ove) ited KA0G ACE Chon,< Yi60 pose Even a Paset eS a : RY HH ody ot : Slogan a ye8k2,3Ud Ae< Paka Bak famed ho a bee A Cs) Le o£ 2,36, 12/2u, 96 4 ANE BAAS ke Voy 4: = yr ? Ay. i ™ > 3tach = eee Oa aC) se ces ——— ABE ig oc X=Txt : = (os) ROY) Ze = Mobius Sap -— _ . Ll Non-orlantateer . _ : ep Rid) “Yesmiseius Ship o [is ah & SM— Gas see Continuation = a elated with PoseT i Xe - £2,36,12 24,864 Corlen sn element 4ex eX ERAS x divigiete a: {-—— Aad to le Cove of 7 34 another elenment 2€ _-_ A Ag ty and eno _ _| _ _ doesn exits an ae - co Buch fod wAZAt So Gis Gur F2 bed 12 is St Cover of 7 CON wnlil Le joined! — Oe in lowe « diagsamn. Gye mez divi Se yf all divi = _p(ey= $24.64 ST Divlta) = 212/3,6,4,165 Y lement :- lt_ OLA) be a Postt. The ca QEKIS Std +O ee leat clement Waka frail xe % __ Cfreatest Llernent: Ye ara tuve Minuet aement> _ AN element ae x 36 Gaol

rs »___One -one 2Y tz Fa) = Cb) Hen clo = , Onto 4 aX Aocany ques, EY Aan] xe x gacutst - - - SS Sungective Roe _ - — 4 Wis loot. Rnguckive od Auslective. = bective ys Nlo.of bijective naps ~Prorn_Set raulag Ago 9) elements = ol . s . Eompasitina mo p3- oS : 4 Xie any get ee __sHhen ps} 00 © ite set of alt bijective nats on X ___ f ye : = : , i Smee ee , _ (0) os "8a OQ SOx) x we > BCR) : _ “Oe sence at Gdentity = aa 42% 5 Toy (= a Bach Dot taf = 4, ford, =F OO fsess sf L Gmten: - Bix) eee ears reap F" which we — hs myese df Path fot Fl Td, fo42 Ty—____ Rat & bea Set :- — bin, opexatoy oe Ge, foe Mline i. gern wi Se (Go) OG Massectadiwe —> Merrett = @) wom os = ena = is __ 7h issn “entity aot —=— en, D> asercie~ , ~exidence ¢ of => Group ——ees — identity, Inwene. — ee es ramustatan) = fai an _yioup—__ ae 9,08. = 9203, VSL4 EG x) ,0 —> non Hoel _qspup Spee pig > poivd . Pos. 2 - WSttond: at points V2 Aka - T > pblts Lame (iz : t ve : 2 T { | Si vo (i> J i | Ke 2 C12),(23) 4} Cha) | | (13), Gu) Cox) (142) Eau) Cus) | I Cizu) (142) C234) C243) Clesu) | | Cszi2a) Cits3) Carr) (1gde) j [ 129034), (C4), C14I(23) 3Hettices Pons Algeos ate Chuctres Lattice 1-9 Laitice 9g 0 Pose T CL, A) Guch thot for every Por of element's | AYE wok hone dase, qb angs gets y5 : 4 Joi) : -_ 23 = Pot gs ws bbs S.. pone meet, “tel Yee ack . . o# Y, (ev), wtlose \ > Clase : S , > phate eek os pa >of cove tun fownns - Suol, test ope ro > ——‘rotor ) ° —— ple (CLS) whee b% a Set — siling ane ‘oYlowire o% (pelo) c AHO O=O#G ¢ Maoopton \avo5 Lickin Utd shy Tee dif Hien of doddice he vt Hl iter difoabions ait Same FE _ _ to ake — te Yo: nest” TEE A A ae cos Va Define a selatfon Ron (b.* ©) as follows — Ro Okb-a a > Parador: Pelaton Ron L%s a Twifal_oxder netation: 5 poe (Reflerive) . Fox ait QeL, ona , therfore “ara » CAntt Sammetsic _ _ _— 5 Sf AR and doRa. shen ite mone — GRIOS akpsoa li. vo oo boRac= bh - > sing Coramutative Tange : eS — . atl = bta _ : ° = a lero anfigypimetstc . = CRransttvi = Z ae arw and toRe «Tran tlt awe e AaRo& OF baa = 7 Bec BCH Ib > at (bec) = a . CRiososption (oro) 3 sortioyic =a (CAseociativity) $ Ak*CHQ CS Aare » Lemma ta Eaten “ve a lattice hun for ony 2.6L le have Se . 5 _-Pacof Gisten a= ath aOb => Akb Ob ' 2b CAbsoption bs) } , , Give, p= a@b gtb= #(ag@h) Sa Ce Ab éosptio Co Da __—Hhente pradled. 8rv vil 4 Define a Relodton: 2 on. L am Re —— . OR» = aob=0 are oe > RER = =a (45,6). tne hare defined pintial onder R ee _ ga ae “ LON weapect 0 R = yeh 0% | Wofo, bi =ae ; bR OBL as Mis Wot abo ‘ea append stove ok any oer ape anda fae ; 2 Then, a fc Coral foRC : a oGerc KOS | @en6(uacd = eee =C > = | (QaavjJec =6 : _ a@b Re avbt twhfa,b§ -aO@bOf Can latte) i (ts ©) _ A Ebolatiice 16 0 Sunset of 1, vobich 6. s closet |_sandex. — elnay Sie —______—_______— k X= Fy2,3h 7 : C6), €..0,0.) = taitice bia, : ANb=axb Ch 6, AY) ON» = 206 Ge F ma? #9) = Fos lohttee foste is 0 Salolabice he ea I : o) a Sequaesk 3 aloe cole - =Hef. kt (BA) and (O,4) oe two poset A_mop — — PIP A 16° Rall to be SOnder- preseninas Sf for — est. ot a,oEP le awe. unthenenert | ak b Flay A Fob) “Cxcoreree . ee a _ £) Prove. ox dignaove 1 A bijective ¢ oxcler _freserving — 7 oo. Coe a SnaP he Snover? 16 alsa Ovclew Prese- erent Moe a E86 Se Pech * Candilga owes, &) oF A) and meee poaivision— Civics) pwr k)— Cote Then we rANe a “Wiecive oda __fresewing onap .P: piveiry*=5 divers)” ak ie oat \ oxden t eienogy — - a aes IQs Divan > ory eee S owdiur poavine 7 : ] oe Swi Ay pivetntl a =o} Garr pera — De Order 4e nox phiton x es of foe __ An oles Presexv' map F004 (a4) 8 ®3 Baki -to y 5 4 ) é 5 i ; be Order _@am fn - - cok fo" iy a oe (ea) és =r ed Pasinstog \ prove ox diSpaove : es ey ee Fororasighion Feo pl peontn = G8) “Tabet (as) = Beant BC) |Pla 0 BAYES at yet PCr) = Bada BG) \ : Sa O@ = Owe By) > BHASGY) ____ ow co 283th “pwa)ds $254 43 [ Se lv 6) x Dw) = ay Ca _. C22) G2) on = : — hema Cd) ale WHS DINSTENKEC) 8B A Laltice. 2 aanel aba. a ese ¢2,,40 1 —— —— —wtyere} 34,2. psi ~ vt : — 2B — | 7 19) q ia 5 BIN (3) AOlvGy) —2 > div») chert t= : RE oy ty is ee ~ one, Ga—sF : - nye (1.4) —>4 &H PBa: lathee ; Upp ee Mc lhin we. Ysomneieny ‘lf 3 — piven’ Dia + : toed A (eval) & Ve" y bed we olen no catBef Let CL jx) ard CL, ey@) be wo artes oe bats Sap ieery eos reece — Cougs GY = Galant, Ga gt) ee = Gap o Gy4) = (ao2i aa ee Cea on oe.) a O_ltaitiee. ee 7 a > pratuct Kocthice ts a =e “bap peices oe : “Eve _nivso), piv wolnidle sida Sou = oul jrsemenghiism by: _ — Ainagy—> —_divcey! x tiv Co} rive S Dives Kk div sy Biv soy! a 7 “fa eet Con, a ene Y= 8059 ge awe ae 2@) ea D6 ali _ ice a. be Tae = = ‘ov G4 x niv(ey? four Wak a. tose Lk Qh Hames pike (hy 2 bo) : 7 Lae “Div( enn pile) foole acdsee mtg 4 ax! lodtticd + _ _Se : LY OSe ahe at AC AW Qademeds «yn 9 Gomi Narita then, : = — Coe A NN) 3& a Lokee a ancl ov : Comnplelr taltce t A latte CL, *,@) 26 Boil tobe Coomplee #6 every ransemgty Salsa a_i ancl are: ERM (NS) 1d O Lolce _Wubni't' a Complett_latee VMS tave SEES HS Go eee Mus) ¢ doers ewstS [OVO ee eee ce w ene Rint. lattice AG Connylets: _ ee (i) Exex? Cornplete taitiee_ nave yeas. 00d ae element: Boonded latices i A Nodttcee (1,*,8) a tohich_ gcatest_ _ and va are eds® % Called ioatnded AdMice ee grote Lleenent yt ane ae Cooke element a ee compl lattice > baud Wattice = Ea “prov dignte Bartel hice {eo a QO Connpleh + Bowel oie —donetid by (eae)—Quoptrented Kalter ix i CL, @, 0,45) — Ao Aatitee. 48 Gaid to vee -Complementted 48 Ror eNeryp lattice. — j_ptedabiesonnel — sees ya 8e_&dd to_ Pees of b ie r — Ot=0_ a eet = ;——_Nolatlion ate ae Po) Chaos) = Gi we an_example fox ae may on nt hate A ;—— Cagle — is Qtve on example of Coa.001) § Re —wWicly an element Poel: Tony hae. mone than one ernglemecl = ia cf brooms orencleobl o@ieL : me AeatbeL Bei : lattice (un). % Caled disfuae® 4 hom ont Qb,CeL 7 ax b@c) = Conse (a¥ cd —@® AOCvAC) = (ABs) * (awe )—*) [EP et Aon Ba eypRlent —— | Waar k= Onatae : I = oF Kant sie ” a) QoeCaeo,) £ %F\= tre Wee vl: Co ; Ui ate) Le y = ADapaitno :-#Es044 chain ia _AkdePownre \stHee + Reviaiice of a dtdsinitie Uabtice “6 ec — Prewe ox Dispwte + vet "Product dof tuo0_Com Complernented - ——__. tattice 16 Complemente a} 2 + Produc ef @ didseutive lattice 1s _a RichidNe. te! —Che®) digsiookve bitee c, Qiber _ = = — A= akc. be bel abs aoc © Ge eta )ed Tisehood dishiioave [eee Ee ROeP oles ae Ou 7 (appr =a'eb' _ -_oO ~Gearrple §, Beotean Alms ee @) Xseasel Afra. ¢ 2.0.0. gS) a pet <6 Sub: fons Nera A\ Sunset 1 Pfa) =. for every abe Ry : _stowtlr if Big a_lijective onan, ton Pe Re cal See nae ss oexisc— ee Cbs, ue p22) Boolean gels. Sab, Ch ($0.25 DY 2 OA) Rayo Rye Cx), ae) tab fos ee ; 7% c _ < ~ d y| urcin “Wad ee Mose tect eeh : a .—.h—r™t—<“—OO_r——S——C—C—CSCd—CSsSSs —_ | =.=.-=—SOS=—se Gye Betton atgetaa T8 Chains Se has ony a eclermershS ef) Cin @)— Kattiee : So rDrLr—~—~™C—C~—C—SCsCOCCzsON oe it —__Comatce eapressed as Joinep 10 diginc elements ft + : ~ a aera Spin Sereduciatte if for any. Cc —_ Boppose_a=aneay, Q=ar_or G=a,