7

Mathematics
Quarter 3: Week 1 – Module 1
Basic Concepts and Terms in
Geometry

AIRs - LM
Mathematics Grade 7

Quarter 3: Week 1 - Module 1: Basic Concepts and Terms in Geometry

First Edition, 2021

Copyright © 2021
La Union Schools Division
Region I

All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form
without written permission from the copyright owners.

Development Team of the Module

Author: JESTON LOYD L. SUDIACAL

Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team

Illustrator: Ernesto F. Ramos, Jr., P II

Management Team:

Atty. Donato D. Balderas, Jr.

Schools Division Superintendent
Vivian Luz S. Pagatpatan, PhD
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
German E. Flora, PhD, CID Chief
Virgilio C. Boado, PhD, EPS in Charge of LRMS
Erlinda M. Dela Peña, EdD, EPS in Charge of Mathematics
Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO II
Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian II
 Target

This lesson focuses on plane figures. Included in the discussion are

the basic terms used in geometry such as points, lines and planes. The focus of
this section is the different ways of describing and representing the basic objects
used in the study of geometry.

Learning Competencies

• represents point, line, and plane using concrete and pictorial models
(M7GE-IIIa-1)
• illustrates subsets of a line (M7GE-IIIa-2)
• classifies the different kinds of angles (M7GE-IIIa-3)

Before going on, check how much you know about this topic.

PRE – ASSESSMENT

Directions: Select the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following is defined as an exact location in space?

A. line segment B. midpoint C. plane D. point
2. Which is a part of a line that is bounded by two endpoints?
A. cut-line B. line piece C. line portion D. line segment
3. Which object is an example of a straightedge used to draw straight lines?
A. ball B. box C. needle D. ruler
4. It is a straight path that goes on without end in two directions. What is it?
A. line B. plane C. ray D. triangle
5. Which of the following is a point that divides a line segment into two equal parts?
A. endpoint B. interior C. midpoint D. vertex
6. What do you call a flat surface that extends forever in all directions?
A. angle B. area C. plane D. surface area
7. What lines are equidistant from each other and never intersect?
A. bisector B. parallel C. perpendicular D. ray
8. What is it called when there is an arrow on each side of the line?
A. line B. line segment C. point D. ray
9. What part of a line that has a fixed starting point but no endpoint?
A. line B. line segment C. point D. ray
10. On the figure shown below, what is AB?
B
A. line B. line segment
C. point D. ray A C
11. Which of the following divides a line segment into two equal parts?
A. endpoint B. interior C. midpoint D. vertex
12. Which object best represents a point?
A. ball B. eraser C. table D. tip of a pen
13. What is the best definition of a line segment?
A. It is a part of a line that has no endpoint
B. It is a part of a line that has one endpoint
C. It is a part of a line that has two endpoints
D. It is a part of a line that has three endpoints
14. How many plane/s can be found in a cube given below?
A. 4 A B
B. 5
C. 6
D. 8 D C

E F

G H

15. In the figure given in item 14, lines DC, BC, and CH intersected in what point?

A. point B B. point C C. point D D. point H

 Jumpstart

CROSS-WORD PUZZLE
Directions: Complete the cross-word puzzle by answering the questions below.

1.

2. 3.

4. 5.
6.

7.
8.
9.

10.

Cross Down
2. points that lie on the same plane 1. a flat surface that continues in all
directions infinitely
7. points that do not lie on the same line 3. rays that share a common endpoint
8. an object with no thickness that 4. points that do not lie on the same plane
extends two directions
9. part of a line consisting of one endpoint 5. points that lie on the same line
and extending in one direction
10. an exact location in space with an 6. part of a line consisting of two
indefinite shape and size endpoints and all the points in between
 Discover

Lesson Basic Concepts and Terms in

1 Geometry

A. Introduction to the Undefined Terms:

In any mathematical system, definitions are important. Elements and

objects must be defined precisely. However, there are some terms or objects that
are the primitive building blocks of the system and hence cannot be defined
independently of other objects. In geometry, these are point, line, plane, and
space. There are also relationships like between that are not formally defined but
are merely described or illustrated.

Term Figure Description Notation

A point suggests an exact location in space.
Point A It has no dimension. point A
We use a capital letter to name a point.
A line is a set of points arranged in a row.
It is extended endlessly in both directions. line m or
R V
m It is a one-dimensional figure. RV
Line Two points determine a line. That is, two distinct
points are contained by exactly one line.
We use a lower case letter or any two points on
the line to name the line.
A plane is a set of points in an endless flat
surface.
P
Plane The following determine a plane: (a) three non- plane
R collinear points; (b) two intersecting lines; PQR or
Q
(c) two parallel lines; or (d) a line and a point not PQR
on the line.
We use a lowercase letter or three points on the
plane to name the plane.
B. Other Basic Geometric Terms on Points and Lines

Relationships are defined and described in the illustrative examples that

follow.

Geometric Terms Illustration

Collinear points are points on the

same line.

Coplanar points/lines are

points/lines on the same plane.

The following illustration will help you develop the definitions of the other
relationships.

Given: The points A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H are corners of a box as shown:

A B

D C

E F

H G

➢ Intersecting Lines
Lines DH and DC intersect at point D. They are intersecting lines.
Lines CG and GF intersect at point G. They are also intersecting lines.

➢ Parallel Lines
Lines AB and DC are parallel.
Lines DH and CG are parallel.

➢ Concurrent Lines
Lines AD, AB, and AE are concurrent at point A.
Lines GH, GF, and GC are concurrent at point G.
 ➢ Skew Lines
Lines DH and EF are two lines which are neither intersecting nor parallel.
These two lines do not lie on a plane and are called skew lines. Lines AE
and GF are also skew lines. The lines DH, CG, HE and GF are skew to AB.

Remember:

- Two lines are intersecting if they have a common point.

- Three or more lines are concurrent if they all intersect at only one
point.
- Parallel lines are coplanar lines that do not meet.
- Skew lines are lines that do not lie on the same plane.

C. Subsets of Lines

The line segment and the ray are some of the subsets of a line. A segment
has two endpoints while a ray has only one endpoint and is extended endlessly in
one direction. The worksheets below will help you formulate the definitions of
segments and rays.
A B C D

AD is a line segment. The points A, B, C, and D are on line segment AD. In

notation, we write ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐷 or simply AD. We can also name it as ̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐴 or DA.

E F G H I J

FH is a segment. The points F, G, and H are on line segment FH. The points E, I,
and J are not on line segment FH. In notation, we write ̅̅̅̅
𝐹𝐻. We can also name it as
̅̅̅̅
𝐻𝐹 or HF.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V

The points E, F, G, and J are on line segment EQ or segment QE.

The points C, D, T, and U are not on line segment EQ.

A line segment is part of a line that has two endpoints. We define a line
̅̅̅̅ as a subset of line 𝐴𝐵
segment 𝐴𝐵 ⃡ consisting of the points A and B and all the
points between them. If the line to which a line segment belongs is given a scale so
that it turns into the real line, then the length of the segment can be determined by
getting the distance between its endpoints.
Definition of a Ray

A B C

This is ray AB. We can also name it as ray AC.

In symbol, we write 𝐴𝐶 .

The points A, B, C are on ray AC.

X Y Z

This is ray ZY. We can also name it as ray ZX.

⃡ .
In symbol, we write𝑍𝑋. We do NOT write it as𝑋𝑍

The points X, Y, Z are on ray ZY.

D E F G

This is ray DE. We can also name it as ray DF or ray DG.

The points D, E, F, G are on ray DE.

Q R S T

This is ray TS. We can also name it as ray TR or ray TQ.

The points Q, R, S, T are on ray TS.

H I J K L M

This is ray ML.

 N O P Q R S T U

The points Q, R, S, T, U are on ray QR.

The points N, O, P are not on ray QR.

A ray is also a part of a line but has only one endpoint, and extends endlessly
in one direction. We name a ray by its endpoint and one of its points. We
always start on the endpoint. The figure is ray AB or we can also name it as ray
AC.

It is not correct to name it as ray BA or ray CA. In notation, we write or

A B C
.

Classification of the
Lesson
Different
2
Kinds of Angles

An angle is a union of two non-collinear rays with common endpoint. The

two non-collinear rays are the sides of the angle while the common endpoint is the
vertex.

The following are angles:

 The following are NOT angles:

If no confusion will arise, an angle can be designated by its vertex. If more

precision is required three letters are used to identify an angle. The middle letter is
the vertex, while the other two letters are points one from each side (other than the
vertex) of the angle. For example:

B
The angle on the left can be named angle A or angle BAC,
or angle CAB. The mathematical notation is ∠𝐴, or ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶,
or ∠𝐶𝐴𝐵.
A C
An angle divides the plane containing it into two regions: the interior and the
exterior of the angle.

Exterior of ∠𝐴 Interior of ∠𝐴

The three different types of angles are acute, right and obtuse angles. An acute
angle measures more than 0º but less than 90º; a right angle measures exactly
90º while an obtuse angle measures more than 90º but less than 180º. If two lines
or segments intersect so that they form a right angle, then they are perpendicular.
In fact, two perpendicular lines meet to form four right angles.

Illustrative Examples

Acute angle Right angle Obtuse angle

 Note that we define angle as a union of two non-collinear rays with a common
endpoint. In trigonometry, an angle is sometimes defined as the rotation of a ray
about its endpoint. Here, there is a distinction between the initial position of the
ray and its terminal position. This leads to the designation of the initial side and
the terminal side. The measure of an angle is the amount of rotation. If the
direction of the rotation is considered, negative angles might arise. This also
generates additional types of angles: the zero, straight, reflex and perigon angles. A
zero angle measures exactly 0º; a straight angle measures exactly 180º; a reflex
angle measures more than 180o but less than 360º and a perigon angle measures
exactly 360º.

On Angle Pairs:

Two angles are adjacent if they are coplanar, have common vertex and a

common side but have no common interior points.

Two angles are complementary if the sum of their measures is 900.

Two angles are supplementary if the sum of their measures is 1800.

Two angles form a linear pair if they are both adjacent and supplementary.

Vertical angles are the opposite angles formed when two lines intersect.

Vertical angles are congruent.

In the figure, ∠𝛼 and ∠𝛽 are vertical angles.

 Explore

ACTIVITY 1. Use the figure below, identify what is being asked.

M
A C
B
D
E
F k G
H
I
p
J

1. Name the point(s) in the interior region of the triangle.

2. Name the line(s) in the interior region of the triangle.
3. Name the plane formed by line p and point I.
4. Name the points inside the circular region.
5. Name the points outside the region bounded by the triangle and circle.

ACTIVITY 2. Answer the following questions using the given figures

A B C D E F G H I J

1. What are the points on ray DE?

2. What are the points not on ray EG?

M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y

3. What are the points on ray QT?

4. What are the points on ray PO?

5. What are the points on ray XU

ACTIVITY 3. Classify Me!
Directions: Determine the following angles whether ACUTE, RIGHT, or OBTUSE.

Deepen

Directions: Identify the union and intersection of the given line segments using the
figure below. The first two is made for you.
Example:

A B C D E F

1. 𝐷𝐸 ∪ 𝐶𝐹 is the set of all points on the ray DE and segment CF. Thus, all these
points determine ray 𝐶𝐷 .

2. 𝐵𝐶 ∩ 𝐸𝐷 is the set of all points common to ray 𝐵𝐶 and ray 𝐸𝐷 . The common
points are the points on the segment BE.

1) ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 ∪ ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐸 = ____________

̅̅̅̅ = ____________
2) 𝐷𝐹 ∪ 𝐵𝐷
 3) 𝐶𝐵 ∪ ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐸 = ____________

4) 𝐷𝐸 ∪ ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐷 = ____________

5) 𝐶𝐴 ∪ 𝐶𝐷 = ____________

6) ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐹 ∩ ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐷 = ____________

7) 𝐹𝐷 ∩ ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 = ____________

8) 𝐹𝐸 ∩ 𝐶𝐷 = ____________

9) 𝐶𝐴 ∩ 𝐶𝐸 = ____________

10) ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐶 ∩ 𝐶𝐸 = ____________

Gauge

Assessment:
Directions: Read each statement below carefully. Choose the letter of the correct
answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following materials is used to draw straight lines?

A. compass B. protractor C. ruler D. thermometer
2. What part of a line consisting of one endpoint and extending in one direction?
A. line segment B. plane C. ray D. triangle

3. What ray is found on the given figure? A B C

A. ray AB B. ray AC C. ray BC D. ray CA

4. Which of the following statements is NOT true in a point?
A. It has no dimension.
B. It is a one-dimensional figure.
C. Use a capital letter to name a point.
D. A point suggests an exact location in space.
5. On the figure shown below, what are A, B, and C? B
A. lines B. line segments
C. points D. rays A C
6. How can you name the angle given in item number 5?

A. ∠ABC B. ∠ACB C. ∠BAC D. ∠CBA

7. What geometric term defined as points on the same plane?
A. collinear points B. coplanar points
C. intersecting line D. line segment

8. What geometric term defined as points on the same line?

A. collinear points B. coplanar points
C. intersecting line D. line segment

9. Which of the following figures shows parallel lines?

A. B. C. D.

10. What do you call an angle larger than 90 degrees?

A. acute B. obtuse C. right D. straight
11. Which statement is TRUE on naming a plane?
A. any one point on the plane
B. any 3 collinear points on the plane and a lowercase script letter
C. any 3 non-collinear points on the plane and an uppercase script letter
D. both A and C
12. You are asked to construct a perpendicular line. What should it look like?

A. B. C. D.
13. Which of the following statements is TRUE in undefined terms in Geometry?
I. Two lines are intersecting if they have a common point.
II. Three or more lines are concurrent if they all intersect at only one point.
II. Parallel lines are coplanar lines that do not meet.
IV. Skew lines are lines that lie on the same plane.

A. I and II B. II and III C. I and IV D. I, II, and III

14. You are asked to construct a plane. What should you make?

I. three non-collinear points

II. two intersecting lines
III. two parallel lines
IV. a line and a point not on the line

A. I, II and III B. I, III, and IV C. II, III, and IV D. I, II, III, and IV

15. Which of the following statements is NOT true on angle pairs?

A. Two angles are complementary if the sum of their measures is 900.

B. Two angles are supplementary if the sum of their measures is 3600.

C. Two angles form a linear pair if they are adjacent and supplementary.

D. Vertical angles are the opposite angles formed when two lines intersect.
 Gauge
Explore
1. C 6. C 11. C Activity 1
1. F
2. C 7. B 12. A 2. k
3. D 8. A 13. D 3. no plane
4. B, E, G
4. B 9. D 14. D 5. A, C, D, H, I, J
5. C 10. B 15. B
Activity 2
1. D, E
2. E, F, G
3. no point
Deepen
4. O, P
1. segment AE/EA
5. U, V, W, X
2. segment BF/FB
3. segment BE/EB
Activity 3
4. segment BE/EB
1. acute
5. segment AD/DA
2. obtuse
6. segment BD/DB
3. obtuse
7. no segment
4. acute
8. no segment
5. acute
9. segment AE/EA
6. acute
10. segment BE/EB
7. acute
8. right
9. obtuse
Jumpstart
10. obtuse
1. PLANE
2. COPLANAR
3. OPPOSITE RAYS
4. NON COPLANAR
5. COLLINEAR Pre-Assessment
6. LINE SEGMENT 1. B 6. B 11. D
2. A 7. A 12.D
7. NON COLLINEAR
3. D 8. C 13. C
8. LINE 4. A 9. D 14. C
5. A 10. A 15. B
9. RAY
10 POINT
Answer Key
References
A. Books
Mathematics – Grade 7 Learners’ Material. DepEd IMCS, First Edition, 2013.
ISBN:978-971-9990-60-4
Nivera, Gladys C., Ph.D., 2013, Grade 7 Mathematics Patterns and
Practicalities, Makati City, Don Bosco Press

B. Online Resources
https://www.newellsecondarymath.blogspot.com
https://www.mathsisfun.geometry.com

https://mathforum.geometryworksheets.com