Sangoma Technologies Inc.

NetBorder Call Analyzer

(NCA)

User Guide
v2.0.3
September 20, 2011
Copyright © 2010. Sangoma Technologies Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Version: 2.0.3
 Contents

Table of Contents
About this document................................................................................................... 6
Audience................................................................................................................. 6
Prerequisites........................................................................................................... 6
Organization........................................................................................................... 7
Related documentation........................................................................................... 7
Reference material................................................................................................. 9
Text and writing conventions................................................................................ 10
Chapter 1: Product overview.................................................................................... 11
Introduction to Call Progress Analysis................................................................. 12
Call progress tones........................................................................................... 12
The process....................................................................................................... 13
Benefits............................................................................................................. 13
Product description.............................................................................................. 14
NetBorder Software Suite................................................................................ 15
NetBorder Call Analyzer ................................................................................. 15
System architecture............................................................................................. 17
Chapter 2: Installation.............................................................................................. 18
System requirements............................................................................................ 18
Installing the software.......................................................................................... 19
Directories and files installed by the software................................................. 21
The Cpa-stats.csv file........................................................................................ 23
Obtaining and installing the license file............................................................... 24
Uninstalling the software..................................................................................... 27
Validating the installation..................................................................................... 28
Starting the service.......................................................................................... 29
What to do if the service fails to start.............................................................. 32
Chapter 3: Getting started........................................................................................ 33
Prerequisites to making a test SIP call................................................................. 34
Configuring as an outbound proxy....................................................................... 35
Making a call without CPA.................................................................................... 38
Making a call with CPA......................................................................................... 40
What to do if a call is not connected.................................................................... 43
Chapter 4: Call flow fundamentals........................................................................... 45
SIP transactions and dialogs................................................................................ 46
SIP messages........................................................................................................ 46
SIP requests...................................................................................................... 46
SIP responses................................................................................................... 47
SIP message structure.......................................................................................... 47
Start-line........................................................................................................... 47
SIP headers....................................................................................................... 48

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SDP body.......................................................................................................... 51
Sample SIP messages....................................................................................... 51
Sample call flow.................................................................................................... 53
Chapter 5: Configuring the application.................................................................... 55
Selecting a mode of operation ............................................................................. 56
Initial mode....................................................................................................... 56
Data collection mode........................................................................................ 56
Production mode............................................................................................... 57
Selecting the Application Class............................................................................ 57
Configuring NetBorder as an outbound proxy..................................................... 58
Configuring NetBorder to be used with Genesys SIP Server (ie relay server). . . .59
Configuring End Of Greeting Detection (EAMD)................................................. 61
Configuring the country used for tone definitions............................................... 62
Changing the SIP transport to TCP...................................................................... 63
Returning NetBorder to its original configuration............................................... 63
Recording media................................................................................................... 64
Using the CPA embedded recorder...................................................................... 64
Setting up logging................................................................................................ 65
Viewing logs and events................................................................................... 66
Enabling logging parameters........................................................................... 69
Enabling/disabling call logs.............................................................................. 70
Chapter 6: Troubleshooting...................................................................................... 72
Appendix A: Glossary................................................................................................ 75
Appendix B: Configuration parameters.................................................................... 81
call-analyzer-service.properties............................................................................ 82
call-analyzer-engine.properties............................................................................ 84
call-properties files............................................................................................... 86
Timeout Sequence............................................................................................ 91
Appendix C: Logging configuration.......................................................................... 92
Logging levels....................................................................................................... 93
Logger hierarchy.................................................................................................. 94
Configuring the logging subsystem...................................................................... 95
Step 1: Set the logging level and appender..................................................... 95
Step 2: Set the pattern layout.......................................................................... 97
Step 3 (optional): Set child-specific behaviour................................................. 98
Dynamic call logging............................................................................................ 99
Syslog integration............................................................................................... 100
Step 1: Add a Syslog appender....................................................................... 100
Step 2: Enable network logging in syslogd.................................................... 100
Appendix D: SIP response codes............................................................................ 101
Appendix E: Sample SIP messages......................................................................... 105
Sample call flows................................................................................................ 106

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Sample SIP messages......................................................................................... 108

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About this document

The NetBorder Call Analyzer is an open, software-based VoIP (Voice over
Internet Protocol) product that provides enhanced Call Progress Analysis
(CPA) services.

Audience
This document is intended for application developers and system
administrators who manage and interface with the NetBorder Call Analyzer.

Prerequisites
This guide is intended for installers and advanced users. Prior knowledge of
IP (Internet Protocol) networks is required.
This guide assumes:
● You have planned and/or managed the requirements of your VoIP and IP
network.

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● You have a working knowledge of Windows operating systems, the

Internet, and graphical user interfaces.

For information on system requirements, see System requirements on page

18.

Organization
This document is organized as follows:

Section Title Description

Chapter 1 Product overview Provides a description of the NetBorder Call
Analyzer, as well as an explanation of the system
architecture.
Chapter 2 Installation Describes how to install (and uninstall) the
NetBorder Call Analyzer software.
Chapter 3 Getting started Gets you started using the NetBorder Call
Analyzer.
Chapter 4 Call flow fundamentals Describes the structure of SIP messages and
provides sample call flows.
Chapter 5 Configuring the Describes how to configure the NetBorder Call
application Analyzer, including enabling logging.
Chapter 6 Troubleshooting Provides solutions to key troubleshooting issues.
Appendix A Glossary Contains a list of terms, abbreviations and
acronyms used in this guide.
Appendix B Configuration Provides a comprehensive list of parameters, with
parameters a brief description, for the main configuration files.
Appendix C Logging configuration Contains general information about logging and
logging configuration.
Appendix D SIP response codes Lists and describes the most frequent SIP response
codes you will encounter.
Appendix E Sample SIP messages Provides sample call flows and SIP request and
response messages.

Related documentation
Together with this guide, you may also want to reference the following
additional Sangoma documentation:

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● NetBorder Call Analyzer Release Notes: For a list of supported features,

limitations, and known issues with the current release.

For the latest news and information on our products and on current as well as
upcoming releases, visit the Sangoma Technologies Inc. website at
www.sangoma.com.

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Reference material
Commercial documentation on related technologies and applications is
widely available from a number of sources. In addition, you may find the
following specific information helpful.

SIP RFCs
In March 1999, SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) was defined in RFC (Request
for Comments) 2543 by the Multiparty Multimedia Session Control (MMUSIC)
Working group of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). In June 2002, the
IETF published a new SIP RFC (RFC 3261). The NetBorder Call Analyzer is fully
compliant with RFC 3261.
You can find all RFCs online at http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc[xxxx].txt,
where [xxxx] is the number of the RFC; for example,
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3261.txt.
To search by topic, visit http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfcsearch.html.

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Text and writing conventions

This document uses the following text and writing conventions:
● Boldface indicates menu items, or selections you make such as from a
drop-down list or right-click context menu.
For example: In the Services list, right-click “Sangoma NetBorder Call
Analyzer”, and select Properties from the context menu.

● Italics indicate book titles, parameters and elements, file and path
names, as well as terms introduced for the first time, which are usually
spelled out and followed by their acronym or abbreviation in parentheses.
For example: VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol)

● Courier New indicates commands and keywords that you enter literally
as shown, and on-screen output such as prompts and system messages.
For example: ipconfig /all

● [Square brackets] indicate values that you replace, which are often
followed by an explanation of what is required. Do not type the brackets
when entering the command.
For example: [ NETBORDER_INSTALLDIR
]\config\cpa_media_uas.properties

where [NETBORDER_INSTALLDIR] is the root folder of the

installation (for example, C:\Program Files\Sangoma
NetBorder Platform
2.0\config\cpa_media_uas.properties).

In addition, note boxes, tips and cautions point out areas of special interest
or concern. These boxes are set apart from the text and their purpose is
clearly identified. For example:

N
OTE: This is a box designated for a note. It contains information
that it is set apart so as to catch your eye. Tips and cautions are
handled similarly and labelled accordingly.

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Chapter 1: Product overview

The NetBorder Call Analyzer Release 2.0.3 for Windows (XP and above)
provides the flexibility needed to support a broad range of applications that
require Call Progress Analysis (CPA) across all supported technologies and
protocols.
Call Progress Analysis is the process of detecting pre-connect information about
failed outbound call attempts and the destination party’s media type for
connected outbound calls. CPA is particularly important in the Enterprise and IP
Contact Center, where reduced response times and CPA accuracy directly
translate into increased productivity, reduced costs, and improved customer
satisfaction and retention.
This chapter contains:
● An Introduction to Call Progress Analysis on page 12.
● A Product description on page 14, including the major features of the
NetBorder Software Suite.
● An explanation of the System architecture on page 17.

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Introduction to Call Progress Analysis

Strictly speaking, Call Progress Analysis (CPA) is the automated
determination by a piece of telecommunications equipment as to the result
of dialing a number. For example, the result of the analysis might be a busy
tone, an answered call, ringing at the other end but no answer after a preset
number of rings or after a specified duration of time, and so on. The analysis
involves detecting the various call progress tones generated by the
telephone network as the call is put through.

Call progress tones

In telephony, call progress tones are audible tones sent from the Public
Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) or a Private Branch Exchange (PBX) to
calling parties to indicate the status of phone calls.
The four most common call progress tones are:
● dial tone
● busy tone
● audible ringback
● reorder tone (fast busy tone).

Special Information Tones (SITs)

In addition to the standard tones above, CPA can be used to detect Special
Information Tones (SITs). The special information tone is actually a series of
three precise, sequential audio tones, which indicate that the callee cannot
be reached. For example, a SIT tone alerts the caller that a recorded
announcement will follow, explaining the failed call attempt to the caller.
Automated dialing equipment, on the other hand, determine the reason for
the failed call based on the frequency and duration of the tone itself.

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The process
CPA involves the following three crucial steps:

1. Placing the call.

This is typically achieved by using an automated (predictive) dialer .
Frequently, this dialer is a server that has been preconfigured to make
calls automatically; for example, to a list of customers.

2. Performing Call Progress Analysis.

As the call is being established, a Netborder Call Analyzer “listens on the
line” and determines “who” is answering the call. Is it a person? Is it a
voice-mail greeting? Is it a busy tone? Is it a telephone company operator
(if the number is de-listed, for example)?

3. Applying a treatment to the call, depending on NCA results.

For example, in the Contact Center, should the CPA determine that the
call was answered by a human, the call is transferred to an available
agent. Or, should the CPA determine that the call was answered by voice
mail, a pre-recorded message is played, to inform the customer of the
call, for instance.

Benefits
Out of these operations, two very important factors emerge, which directly
impact the success and efficiency of outbound dialing operations:

1. CPA accuracy
If the Netborder Call Analyzer determines that a call has been answered
by a person, while in fact it has encountered a voice-mail greeting, the
agent receiving the call will spend time handling the call before he or she
once again becomes available to answer another call. While this
timeframe may be short (under a minute or so), it translates into a
considerable loss of productivity when accumulated over time and in
large volume call centers.
Similarly, should the Netborder Call Analyzer determine that an answering
machine has picked up the call, when in fact a person has answered, the
Contact Center operator may face stiff fines for contravening regulations.

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2. Response time
If it takes too long to connect to an agent, there is an increased risk of not
being able to deliver the service at all, whether the Netborder Call
Analyzer is accurate or not. Customers may hang up on the call (the
infamous “dead air”), or the Contact Center operator may face penalties
for non-compliance of nuisance call regulations.

Introducing the statistical model

With the NetBorder Call Analyzer, call progress analysis is achieved through
the use of statistical models based on neural networks to evaluate the
potential outcome of an outbound call attempt. The result is an intelligent
machine that “learns” the behaviour that represent the different conditions
representing call progress events.
This method provides NCA results with far superior accuracy and flexibility
compared to traditional approaches, which tend to rely on heuristics or “rules of
thumb”. These statistic-based results provide:
● Improved accuracy and response time. See Benefits above.
● More resilience against various network conditions.
This approach provides superior robustness against volume variations,
background noise and other network conditions. Since Contact Centers
are starting to use automated dialing for a much different set of
applications (callback, automated notification, proactive campaigns), as
opposed to a single application, the CPA platform must allow for per-call
optimization of calling parameters.
● Dynamic operations.
With the statistical approach, it is possible for the automated dialing
application to select the particular operation point on a per-call basis. This
means that the accuracy versus response time trade-off is locally
optimized to provide the best possible results.

With its unique call progress analysis capabilities, the NetBorder Call
Analyzer provides superior performance and optimal use of resources for IP-
based outbound voice solutions.

Product description
The NetBorder Call Analyzer is a component of Sangoma’s NetBorder
Software Suite.

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NetBorder Software Suite

The NetBorder Software Suite is a VoIP Session and Media Controller, a new class
of product for VoIP deployments in the enterprise. NetBorder is comprised of four
major software subsystems:
● Session Controller
● Media Proxy
● Media Services
● Network Connectivity.

Each software subsystem has its own OAM (Operations, Administration, and
Maintenance) components, for increased flexibility and manageability.
In NetBorder, these software subsystems combine to provide the necessary
network connectivity, signaling proxy, signaling harmonization, media
processing, media conversion and call control scripting, to remove the
complexity from SIP applications.

NetBorder Call Analyzer

The NetBorder Call Analyzer is a specialized component of the Media Services
subsystem of the NetBorder Software Suite.

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The NetBorder Call Analyzer implements unique pattern-recognition algorithms

to provide superior accuracy in distinguishing live responses from voice mail
systems or other devices and signals. The technology significantly increases
agent productivity, reduces connection time to callers, and streamlines the
outbound calling deployment process.

Note that the application provides connectivity to both legacy and IP networks,
and routes both inbound and outbound traffic through a single element.
This simplified approach, and particularly a process based on statistical models
and SIP-based integration, permits the NetBorder Call Analyzer to deliver many
improvements to the call progress analysis process.

End of greeting detection

In order to further improve the productivity of a call center, NetBorder Call
Analyzer allows the detection of the end of a greeting prompt when an
answering machine is reached.
This optional feature allows the dialer application to leave a fully recorded,
intellegible and clear notification message to the called party.

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System architecture
Sangoma uses an innovative approach based on software platforms and SIP.
The figure below depicts the architecture of a typical IP Contact Center.

On the left side of the diagram are the network interconnections of the
Contact Center. These network interconnections may be delivered over
traditional interfaces (T1/E1) or via SIP trunking. For the delivery of SIP
services, the SIP trunk interconnects directly on the customer LAN/WAN. For
TDM traffic, VoIP gateways are used to convert to SIP/RTP.
On the right side of the diagram are depicted the various users and applications:
● Application Server(s), delivering a complete suite of Contact Center
applications (such as ACD, Dialer, IVR).
● SIP Agents, which are registered (as part of the SIP protocol) to the
Application Server. Note that with VoIP, these agents can be located
almost anywhere.
● NetBorder Suite (shown inside the dotted line), providing the necessary
Session and Media Control mediation to deliver the complex call control
required in Contact Center applications.

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Chapter 2: Installation
This section describes how to install (and uninstall) the NetBorder Call
Analyzer software.
For information on how to start using the service once the NetBorder Call
Analyzer has been installed successfully, see Chapter 3: Getting started .
This chapter contains the following topics:
● System requirements on page 18
● Installing the software on page 19
● Obtaining and installing the license file on page 24
● Uninstalling the software on page 27
● Validating the installation on page 28.

System requirements
Before you begin the installation process, please refer to the Release Notes
to ensure compatibility with third party software and hardware.

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Installing the software

The NetBorder Call Analyzer software installer is available from the Sangoma
website. If you have not been provided with the necessary URI, contact
Sangoma at the following e-mail address:
● [email protected]

You must download this installer to your system before proceeding with the
installation. Before starting the installation, exit all other applications.

To install the NetBorder Call Analyzer software on Windows®:

1. To begin the installation, double-click the following executable file:

● SangomaNetBorderPlatform.2.X.X.Setup.exe
2. Carefully read the licensing terms for the software. If you agree to the
terms, click I Agree.

If you click Cancel, the installation will abort. The NetBorder Call Analyzer
software will not be installed.
3. Set the home directory for the installation.

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Do one of the following:

● Use the default folder (C:\Program Files\Sangoma NetBorder Platform
2.0\).
● Enter a new path.
● Click Browse... to select a different directory.
4. Click Install to complete the installation process.
The required directories, subdirectories and files are installed on your
system. For a complete list, see Directories and files installed by the
software below.

To install the NetBorder Call Analyzer software on Linux

NetBorder Call Analyzer is distributed on supported Linux distributions using the

rpm format. Superuser (root) privileges are required to install.
Shell command syntax:
rpm -i netborder-call-analyzer-2.<version>.<arch>.rpm
The NetBorder Call Analyzer software will be installed under the following
directory:
/opt/Sangoma_NetBorderCallAnalyzer
This directory will be referred to as [NETBORDER_INSTALLDIR] throughout
this document when the OS in used is Linux.

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Directories and files installed by the software

Below is a list of the directories, subdirectories and files copied to the
system during the installation process.
Note that in the table below, [NETBORDER_INSTALLDIR] is used to indicate the
root folder of the installation (for example, C:\Program Files\Sangoma
NetBorder Platform 2.0).

List of Files Installed by the Application Software

Folders and Files Description
[NETBORDER_INSTALLDIR]\ The root directory of the installation
folder contains one file, the uninstall
executable (uninstall.exe).
[NETBORDER_INSTALLDIR]\.original_config\ The \.original_config folder contains the
original configuration files and python
files (which were copied to your system
during installation). This folder serves as
a backup of the original configuration
should you later encounter a problem.
This folder also contains the original
license TXT file, which lists information
about the original license, including the
version number of the software and the
expiry date of the license.
[NETBORDER_INSTALLDIR]\bin\ The \bin folder contains the executable
files (EXE) required to run the software,
as well as the DLL (Dynamic Link Library)
files, which contain code that is called
upon when needed by the executable
files.
[NETBORDER_INSTALLDIR]\config\

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List of Files Installed by the Application Software

Folders and Files Description
call-analyzer-service.properties The \config folder contains the main
call-analyzer-engine.properties configuration files: call-analyzer-
call-analyzer-logging.properties engine.properties and call-analyzer-
call-analyzer-engine-logging.properties service.properties.
CallAnalyzerAsOutboundProxy.call-properties These files may be opened, modified and
CallAnalyzerGenesysOCS.call-properties saved using any text editor. They may
call-analyzer-license.txt also be copied and replicated elsewhere.
call-analyzer-license.txt.sig
This folder also contains the call-
analyzer-engine-logging.properties and
call-analyzer-logging.properties used to
configure the logging properties.
You will also find the Netborder
application class properties files:
•CallAnalyzerAsOutboundProxy.call-
properties
•CallAnalyzerGenesysOCS.call-properties

As well as the current license files. The

license.txt file lists information about the
existing license, including the version
number of the software and the expiry
date of the license.

[NETBORDER_INSTALLDIR]\data\tone-db The \tone-db folder contains the tone

frequency information stored in XML files
for all the countries supported.
[NETBORDER_INSTALLDIR]\doc\
cpa_release_notes.pdf The \doc folder contains relevant
cpa_user_guide.pdf documentation, including the following:
● Release Notes
● This User's Guide.
[NETBORDER_INSTALLDIR]\logs\
Cpa-stats.csv * The \logs folder contains all the log files,
call-analyser-service.out including cpa-stats.csv, which includes
call-analyser-engine.out call statistics. See The Cpa-stats.csv file
below.
*Created on first call made via NCA. This folder will be empty immediately
after installation.

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List of Files Installed by the Application Software

Folders and Files Description
[NETBORDER_INSTALLDIR ]\logs\call-logs\ The \logs\call-logs folder contains files
reporting activity for each call (“call
logs”). There is one file by call, and files
are output following a directory hierarchy
based on the current date and time.
When recording is enabled (see
Recording media on page 64), the
recordings in .wav format (G.711
mulaw/Alaw codecs) are output in the
same location than the call-logs files.

The Cpa-stats.csv file

When a call with call progress analysis is completed, details about the call
are logged on a single line in a concise way using comma separated values.
By default, this file is a 'DailyRollingFile', i.e.: it will automatically rename itself at
the end of the day by appending the date to the file name. Only the last 10 files
are kept on the disk, older one being discarded. See Appendix C: Logging
configuration for description of additional functionality.

The logged informations are described in the table below.

Cpa-stats.csv field description

Field Description
NetBorder Call-ID The unique identifier used by NetBorder Call
Analyzer to identify the call
Call Date The date the call was initiated. (YYYY-MM-DD)
Reference ID The optional campaign specific call reference ID
provided by the customer via the X-Netborder-Cpa-
Reference-ID SIP header. (See page 50 for more
information)
Campaign Name The optional campaign name provided by the
customer via the X-Netborder-Cpa-Campaign-Name
SIP header. The combination of the campaign name
and reference ID above could be used as a unique ID
for a call. (See page 50 for more information)
Phone Number The dialed phone number
NCA result The result of the CPA analysis
Time Dialed The timestamp when NetBorder Call Analyzer
received the initial SIP INVITE request.

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Cpa-stats.csv field description

Field Description
Time Connected The timestamp when NetBorder Call Analyzer
received the SIP 200 OK response from the callee.
Empty if the callee never connected.
Time CPA completed The timestamp when the CPA analysis provided a
final outcome.
Time queued Used only when the initial INVITE received by
NetBorder Call Analyzer did not contains SDP
information.
In this case, it is the timestamp when NetBorder Call
Analyzer sent the 200 OK with NCA result to the
dialer.
This field remains empty if the initial INVITE contains
SDP information.
Time connected to agent The timestamp when the agent connected with the
callee. I.E. when the dialer sent its ACK following the
200 OK.

Obtaining and installing the license file

The NetBorder Call Analyzer default license provides customers with the
ability to perform one analysis at a time. Attempts to place simultaneous
calls will be rejected with a 603 Decline SIP response

● A Call Analyzer port uses a license while active analysis is performed,

i.e. from the reception of the incoming call request from the dialer to
the moment the analysis result is provided to the dialer. The segment
of the call where the customer is interacting with an agent or an IVR is
not licensed.

● Look for 603 Decline (Licensing capacity has been reached) in file:
[NETBORDER_INSTALLDIR]/ logs/call-analyzer-service.out if you get
603 Decline responses to confirm it is a license capacity issue.
To obtain a full license (host-locked) , obtain the MAC (Media Access Control)
address of the system and use the Installation ID that came with the software to
generate a license file. Please follow this URL:
● http://www.sangoma.com/support/register_netborder_software.html

To obtain the physical address of the Ethernet adapter (on Windows

Vista and up):

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1. Start a command prompt and execute the following command:

● getmac

T IP: To start a command prompt, select Run from the Start Menu. Type “
cmd ” in the textbox, and click OK.

2. Look for the Physical Address item. For example, it should look
something like this:
● 90-E6-BA-88-1D-AA

To obtain the physical address of the Ethernet adapter (on Windows

XP and 2003):

1. Start a command prompt and execute the following command:

● ipconfig /all

T IP: To start a command prompt, select Run from the Start Menu. Type “
cmd ” in the textbox, and click OK.

2. Look for the Physical Address item. For example, it should look
something like this:
● 90-E6-BA-88-1D-AA

To obtain the physical address of the Ethernet adapter (on Linux

distributions):

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1. Execute the following command in a shell:

● ifconfig
2. Look for the Hwaddr field value for a network adapter that is permanent on
your server, usually eth0.
3. The Hwaddr value is shown using the XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX notation. Upon
registration of the software, the license provided will show the physical
address (MAC address) using the Windows notation (XX-XX-XX-XX-XX-XX):
this is expected.

To install the license files:

1. Upon filling the online form, you will be able to download your new
license files in a .zip file:
● call-analyzer-license.txt
● call-analyzer-license.txt.sig
2. Once you have received the license files, copy the files (in effect, you will
be replacing the temporary license) to the following folder:
● [ NETBORDER_INSTALLDIR ]\config
where [NETBORDER_INSTALLDIR] is the root folder of the
installation (for example, C:\Program Files\Sangoma NetBorder
Platform 2.0\config).

3. Start the Sangoma NetBorder Call Analyzer service. See Starting the
service on page 29.

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Uninstalling the software

To uninstall the NetBorder Call Analyzer software on Windows:

1. Launch the uninstaller from the Start Menu: select Programs >
Sangoma NetBorder Platform 2.0 > Uninstall . The following window
appears:

2. Click Uninstall.
The NetBorder Call Analyzer software is removed from your system.

N
OTE: You can also remove the software using the Add/Remove
Program Manager found in the Control Panel. Alternatively, you
can run the following command from a Windows command line: [
NETBORDER_INSTALLDIR ]\uninst.exe (where [ NETBORDER_INSTALLDIR ]
is the root folder of the installation).

To uninstall the NetBorder Call Analyzer software on Linux:

1. Make sure you backed up any file that you manually edited under
[NETBORDER_INSTALLDIR]/config
2. Execute the following command in a shell (superuser, ie root, privileges are
required):
● rpm -e netborder-call-analyzer

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Validating the installation

Once you have installed the NetBorder Call Analyzer software, you should
validate the successful installation by starting the application.
Note that two services/processes makes up NetBorder Call Analyzer:
● Sangoma NetBorder Call Analyzer: Provides Call Progress Analysis
Services to the NetBorder framework. It is the entry point where SIP
INVITE requests must be sent (default is UDP port 5062)
● Process name: netborder-call-analyzer-service
● Sangoma NetBorder Engine For Call Analyzer: Internal service that
hosts the Engine performing the analysis on the media stream.
● Process name: netborder-call-analyzer-engine

Sangoma NetBorder Call Analyzer service dependencies on Windows

To start all the services required to run the NetBorder Call Analyzer on Windows,
you only need to start the Sangoma NetBorder Call Analyzer service.

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Starting the service

To start the NetBorder Call Analyzer on Windows:

1. Open the Services list, as follows:

a) Right-click My Computer, and click Manage.

If you don’t have a My Computer icon on your desktop, click the Start
button and look for My Computer listed on the right side of the Start
Menu.
Alternatively, you can access the Services list from the Control
Panel: double-click Administrative Tools and then double-click
Services.
b) In the left pane, select “Services” under the “Services and
Applications” folder.

1. In the Services list, right-click “Sangoma NetBorder Call Analyzer” and

select Start from the context menu.

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If the services are already running, you will see their Status as “Started”.
In this case, the option “Start” will not be accessible from the right-click
action menu.

The Sangoma NetBorder Call Analyzer and related services will start.

You are now ready to place a call through your IP network. Turn to Chapter 3:
Getting started. However, if you encountered an error, see What to do if the
service fails to start on page 32.

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To start the NetBorder Call Analyzer on Linux

The package name for NetBorder Call Analyzer on Linux is:

● netborder-call-analyzer
The installer also creates a service of the same name, so the commands to
control the service are:
● service netborder-call-analyzer {start|stop|status}
Superuser (root) privileges are required to start and stop the service.
The “start” command will launch all necessary processes for the service, “stop”
will terminate them and “status” will tell if the service is started or not.

Automatic service startup on Linux

The netborder-call-analyzer service is setup to start up automatically on server

boot-up: To change that behaviour, execute the following command in the shell:
● chkconfig netborder-call-analyzer off
To restore automatic startup, use:
● chkconfig netborder-call-analyzer on

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What to do if the service fails to start

If the service fails to start, try the diagnostic steps below:
1. Windows: Check the Windows Event Viewer to see if any events of level
FATAL, ERROR or WARN have been detected with the software. See
Viewing logs of high-level events on page 66.
2. Linux: The syslog service is used to output major errors and warnings,
under the “netborder-call-analyzer” identity. By default, the log messages
will be output in the /var/log/messages file.
3. Check the log files for errors. See Viewing logs of low-level events on page
68.

For further assistance, see Chapter 6: Troubleshooting .

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Chapter 3: Getting started

Once you have installed the NetBorder Call Analyzer and started the service,
you should place an outbound call to verify that a call is successfully put
through, and that call progress analysis is functioning and returning the
expected results.
This chapter contains the following topics:
● Prerequisites to making a test SIP call on page 34
● Configuring as an outbound proxy on page 35
● Making a call without CPA on page 38
● Making a call with CPA on page 40
● What to do if a call is not connected on page 43.

This chapter assumes that the NetBorder Call Analyzer software has been
successfully installed on your system. For installation procedures, please
read Chapter 2: Installation.

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Prerequisites to making a test SIP call

To make a test SIP call, you will need the following:
● PC-based softphone, which provides the same functionality as a typical
handset and integrates with other multi-service applications such as web
browsing and instant messaging; examples include the Kapanga
Softphone and the CounterPath X-Lite.

N
OTE: If you do not have a softphone, both of the products listed
above are available for download at the URIs provided. For the
purposes of this test, you will be making a SIP to SIP call; therefore,
you will need two softphones, one on your system, and another installed on
a different system (the callee).

● Full-duplex sound card.

● Speakers and microphone, or a headset.
● Connection to an IP network.

You will also need to configure the softphone to use NetBorder Call Analyzer
as an outbound proxy. See Configuring as an outbound proxy on page 35.

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Configuring as an outbound proxy

By default, the NetBorder Call Analyzer is configured to serve as an outbound
proxy. Before making your test call, you will need to configure your softphone
to route calls through NetBorder.

N
OTE: If the User Agent Client (UAC) or caller cannot use NetBorder
as an outbound SIP proxy, a relay server may be used. For more
information, see Configuring NetBorder to be used with Genesys SIP
Server (ie relay server) on page 59.

The following steps feature X-Lite. Configuration of other softphones will follow
the same general procedures.
The step to use the NetBorder Call Analyzer is to make sure you can use it in
your own environment. To do so, the setup illustrated below should be used.
Note that the caller softphone, on your left, is located on its own computer with a
different IP address than the NCA, in the center and the called softphone, on
your right. It would also be possible to use the same computer for the caller
softphone and the NCA, but the callee should be on its own computer.

To set up proxy configuration parameters:

1. Access the softphone’s SIP Account settings menu .

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2. Depending on the softphone you are using (for example, X-Lite), add a
new profile.

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3. Enter the required SIP Proxy settings:

● Domain: Used to form all destination URIs when a telephone number
is entered without specifying the domain explicitly.
● Proxy usage mode: “Outbound Proxy” or “Strict Outbound Proxy”,
depending on the softphone used.
● Outbound proxy Address: The full SIP URI of the outbound proxy.
This URI should consist of the “sip:” prefix, followed by the IP address
of the proxy, and the port number (“5062” for NetBorder Call
Analyzer).
For example: sip:192.168.11.173:5062.

CAUTION: When using “5062” as the listening port for NetBorder, it is

important not to run any other application that may cause conflict on that
port (such as a SIP phone). In general, SIP phones use “5060” as the
default listening port.

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By configuring the softphone to use an outbound proxy, the softphone will

initiate all its SIP communication through the outbound proxy; that is, the
callee’s SIP URI will be processed by NetBorder. In other words, all SIP
requests and responses will be sent through NetBorder.

Making a call without CPA

To further verify the NetBorder Call Analyzer installation, you should place an
outbound call to ensure that it is put through and you receive valid results.
Based on the SIP INVITE arguments that are received by NetBorder, the call
progress analysis can be activated or deactivated. If no arguments are present,
the call is placed without call progress analysis.
Once an outbound call has been placed, NetBorder receives the request and re-
originates the outbound call towards the VoIP provider network. Thus, NetBorder
is acting as a User Agent Server (UAS). To answer the incoming SIP request,
NetBorder will act as a User Agent Client (UAC), regenerate the SIP request, and
send it over the network.

Again, the following steps feature X-Lite. Other softphones will follow the
same general procedures.

To initiate an outbound call:

1. Start your softphone application.

2. Place a call using the softphone. Enter the phone number in the “Call To”
field using dotted notation, as follows:
sip:[phone number or extension]@[IP address]:[port]
For example: sip:[email protected]:5061.

In the example above, X-Lite is being used to call the telephone

extension “1024”, reachable via the PSTN gateway at
192.168.11.103:5061.

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3. Place the call. If you are using X-Lite, press Enter or click the green
telephone icon in the left side of the application.
4. Verify that you hear a ringing tone and ultimately, once the call is
connected, audio on the other end.
5. Interact with the application to verify that audio is coming through on
both ends of the call.

N
OTE: If you fail to hear audio, your firewall may be preventing calls
from being put through. Also, if the call is established successfully
and no audio is heard, the firewall may be blocking the media (RTP)
packets. Try disabling your firewall. If you continue to experience problems,
see What to do if a call is not connected on page 43.

6. When finished, hang up.

If you are using X-Lite, click the red telephone icon on the right side of the
application.

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If you receive an error message, such as a “Decline” message from the

softphone application, see What to do if a call is not connected on page
43.
7. If you wish, you can view SIP messages related to the call to verify that
you have received the expected results. The call-log files are located in
the following directory:
● [NETBORDER_INSTALLDIR]\logs\call-logs
where [NETBORDER_INSTALLDIR] is the root folder of the
installation (for example, C:\Program Files\Sangoma NetBorder
Platform 2.0\logs\call-logs).
By default, call-log files are saved in subdirectories based on date and
time.

Making a call with CPA

Now place an outbound call with CPA on to verify that call progress analysis
is functioning properly and returning useful results. The CPA scenario is
triggered by placing “ ;cpd=on ” in the SIP Invite. Therefore, this process is
very similar to the previous procedure, except that you add “ ;cpd=on ” to
the phone number you are dialing.

To initiate an outbound call with CPA:

1. Start your softphone application.

2. Place a call using the softphone. Enter the phone number in the “Call To”
field using dotted notation, as follows:
sip:[phone number or extension]@[IP address]:[port]
For example: sip:[email protected]:5061.
3. Append the following to the phone number you entered: “ ;cpd=on”.

For example: sip:[email protected]:5061;cpd=on.

4. Place the call.

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5. Verify that you hear a ringing tone and ultimately, once the call is
connected, audio on the other end.
6. Interact with the application to verify that audio is coming through on
both ends of the call.
7. When finished, hang up.
If you are using X-Lite, click the red telephone icon on the right side of the
application.
If you receive an error message, such as a “Decline” message from the
softphone application, see What to do if a call is not connected on page
43.
8. Now take a look at the call-log files to verify the results of the call and
particularly of the call progress analysis.

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Do the following:
a) Open the call-log files located in the following directory:
● [NETBORDER_INSTALLDIR]\logs\call-logs
where [NETBORDER_INSTALLDIR] is the root folder of the
installation (for example, C:\Program Files\Sangoma NetBorder
Platform 2.0\logs\call-logs).
By default, call-log files are saved in subdirectories based on date and
time.
a) Take a look at both the SIP request and SIP response messages.
Conduct a search for the following:
● “CPD-Result” in the .log file: For the result of the call progress
analysis (for example, “CPD-Result: Voice” in a SIP response
header).
● “CPA” in the .analyzer-engine.log file: To locate information such as
the degree of certainty (expressed in decimal percentages) of the
NCA result. For example:

CPA_HUMAN=0.710736
CPA_MACHINE=0.150314
CPA_FAX=0.13895

For more information on SIP messages, including the components

of a SIP message (for example, the CPD-Result header field), see
Chapter 4: Call flow fundamentals . For more information on
logging, see Setting up logging on page 65 .

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What to do if a call is not connected

If a call is not connected, and/or you receive a message from the softphone
application informing you that the call has been rejected or declined, try one
or more of the diagnostic steps below:
1. Ensure that all related Sangoma NetBorder services are running (not only
the Sangoma NetBorder Call Analyzer service is started but the Sangoma
NetBorder Engine For Call Analyzer ). See Starting the service on page 29.
2. Check the Windows Event Viewer to see if any events of level FATAL,
WARN or ERROR have been detected with the software. See Viewing logs
of high-level events on page 66.
3. Check the log files for errors. See Viewing logs of low-level events on page
68.
4. Check the call-logs files and specifically any SIP response error codes.
Search for the text string, “sip.message”.
For example, this sample response message indicates a “603 Decline” SIP
response code, as well as a CPD-Result of “Reject” in the SIP call-log:

SIP/2.0 603 Decline

Via: SIP/2.0/UDP
127.0.0.1;branch=z9hG4bKc0a80bef0000002f4713aafa00000ce300000014;
rport=5060;
received=192.168.11.239
To: <sip:[email protected]:5061;cpd=on>;tag=76597b4a
From: "unknown"<sip:127.0.0.1>;tag=45b6e446a8
Call-ID: 6C9AD1EF4DCB4C88AC4E9C53E617609C0xc0a80bef
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
CPD-Result: Reject

5. Be sure the IP address you are calling is valid. Use the ping command to
verify IP-level connectivity to the other TCP/IP user.

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Start a command prompt and execute the following command:

● ping <IP address>
where <IP address> is the address of the callee or the person you
are dialing; for example, 192.168.11.103.

T IP: To start a command prompt, select Run from the Start Menu. Type
“cmd” in the textbox, and click OK.

1. Check your connections. Ensure that the IP connectivity to the host

system is functioning. If necessary, check physical connections.

For further assistance, see Chapter 6: Troubleshooting

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Chapter 4: Call flow fundamentals

This chapter describes the structure of SIP messages, including custom
header fields unique to the NetBorder Call Analyzer. It also provides a sample
call flow accompanied by a detailed explanation.
This chapter contains the following topics:
● SIP transactions and dialogs on page 46
● SIP messages on page 46, including SIP requests and SIP responses
● SIP message structure on page 47
● Sample call flow on page 53.

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SIP transactions and dialogs

A SIP signaling session between two User Agents (UAs) is composed of one or
more SIP transactions. A SIP transaction occurs between a User Agent Client
(UAC) and a User Agent Server (UAS). It might involve one or more
intermediate SIP servers such as a proxy or redirect server. A SIP transaction
comprises all messages that begin with the SIP request initiated from the
UAC, until a final response (a non-1XX or non-provisional) is received from
the UAS.
Typically, a SIP transaction comprises a SIP request message followed by one or
more SIP response messages.

SIP messages
Each SIP transaction consists of a request that invokes a particular method,
or function, on the server, and at least one response.

SIP requests
SIP requests are messages that are sent from client to server to invoke a SIP
operation. RFC 3261 defines six requests or methods that enable a User
Agent or SIP proxy to locate users and initiate, modify, and tear down
sessions:
● INVITE: An INVITE method indicates that the recipient user or service is
invited to participate in a session. This method can also be used to modify
the characteristics of a previously established session.
● ACK: An ACK request confirms that the UAC has received the final
response to an INVITE request. ACK is used only with INVITE requests.
● OPTIONS: An OPTIONS request is used to query servers about their
capabilities. If the UAS is capable of delivering a session to a user, it
responds with its capability set.
● BYE: A BYE request signifies the termination of a previously established
session.
● CANCEL: A CANCEL request allows UACs and network servers to cancel
an in-progress request, such as an INVITE.

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● REGISTER: A REGISTER request is used to register the current contact

information.

In addition, RFC 3515 defines the REFER method. This SIP extension
requests that the recipient REFER to a resource provided in the request. This
method can be used to enable many applications, including call transfer.

SIP responses
A server sends a SIP response to a client to indicate the status of a SIP
request that the client previously sent to the server. Specifically, the UAS or
proxy server generates SIP responses in response to a SIP request that the
UAC initiates.
SIP responses are numbered from 100 to 600. Appendix D lists common SIP
responses you may encounter while using the NetBorder Call Analyzer. For a
complete list, see Section 21 of RFC 3261.

SIP message structure

A SIP message consists of the following four main components:
● start-line
● one or more header fields
● empty line indicating the end of header fields
● optional message body.

Start-line
The start-line for a SIP request is known as the Request-Line. The start-line
for a SIP response is known as the Status-Line.
The Request-Line specifies the SIP method, the Request-URI, and the SIP version.
With NetBorder Call Analyzer applications, by default the Request-Line also
indicates whether call progress analysis is requested.
The Status-Line describes the SIP version, the SIP response code, and an
optional reason phrase. The reason phrase is a textual description of the 3-digit
SIP response code.

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SIP headers
A SIP message is composed of header fields that convey the signaling and
routing information for the SIP network entities (User Agent, proxy, B2BUA, and
so on). Each header field consists of a field name followed by a colon (:) and the
field value. For a description of the key SIP headers, refer to Section 7.3 of RFC
3261.

CPD-Result
The 'CPD-Result' header is provided for legacy purposes. Please see the X-
Netborder-Detailed-CPD-Result header below which contains an extended level
of details over the 'CPD-Result' header.

X-Netborder-Detailed-CPD-Result
The SIP header 'X-Netborder-Detailed-CPD-Result' informs the end-user of the
audio analysis result returned by the NetBorder Call Analyzer. See the X-
Netborder-Detailed-CPD-Result Table for details on the different possible values
for this SIP header.

Sip
DetailedCpdResult CpdResult Explanation
Code

Pre-Connect Results

The Netborder Call Analyzer has detected a busy

'Busy' 'Busy' 486 tone or a “486 Busy” was received from the
callee.

The Netborder Call Analyzer has detected a

'Reorder' 'All-Trunks-Busy' 480 reorder tone or a “600 Busy Everywhere” was
received from the callee.

The callee returned an error code (4xx, 5xx or

5xx) that is not either: “404 Not Found”.
See Permanent Situation”, “408 Request Timeout”,
'Reject' 'Reject'
exp. “480 Temporary Unavailable”, “486 Busy Here” or
“600 Busy Everywhere”.

A “603 Decline” has been received because the

licensing capacity is not sufficient to handle the
'Reject - licensing number of simultaneous calls in the system.
'Reject' 603
capacity exceeded' Contact a Sangoma salesperson to obtain a
license with more capacity.

Netborder Call Analyzer has detected a Temporary

'Sit-Temporary' 'Sit-Reorder' 480 SIT.1

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Netborder Call Analyzer has detected a Permanent

'Sit-Permanent' 'Sit-Vacant' 404 SIT.2

The dialer sent a SIP CANCEL message before the

NetBorder Call Analyzer completed its analysis.
The dialer's behavior should be adapted so this
'Cancelled' 'Unknown' N/A situation NEVER happens. Use NetBorder Call
Analyzer preconnect timeout mechanism to limit
duration of dialing attempt.

“408 Request Timeout” received, or the timeout

defined by the app.nca.PreConnectTimeout.ms
'No-Answer' 'No-Answer' 408 (specified in the .call-properties file3) configuration
parameter has been reached . See Appendix B .

Post-Connect Results

The Netborder Call Analyzer was unable to detect

a known result from the callee audio before the
200 post-connect timeout has been reached.
'Unknown' 'Unknown' If using End Of Greeting Detection: the End Of
OK
Greeting timeout has been reached before the end
of the greeting could be detected.

200 The caller or callee hung up before the Netborder

'Reject' 'Reject' Call Analyzer was able to identify the call.
OK

'Answering- 200 The Netborder Call Analyzer has detected an

'Answering Machine' answering machine.
Machine' OK

'End of Greeting - 'Answering- 200 The Netborder Call Analyzer has detected an
answering machine followed by a 'beep'.
Beep' Machine' OK

'End of Greeting - 'Answering- 200 The Netborder Call Analyzer has detected an
answering machine followed by silence.
Silence' Machine' OK

The Netborder Call Analyzer has detected an

answering machine and could not detect what
'End of Greeting - 'Answering- 200 followed before a timeout was triggered. The
Timeout' Machine' OK result should be interpreted as an answering
machine.

200 The Netborder Call Analyzer has detected a

'Human' 'Voice' human voice.
OK

200 The Netborder Call Analyzer has detected a fax.

'Fax' 'Fax'
OK

A problem was encountered by the Netborder Call

'???' '???' N/A Analyzer.

1 One of the following for North America: SIT NC, SIT RO

2 One of the following for North America: SIT IC, SIT IO, SIT VC
3 E.g.: CallAnalyzerAsOutboundProxy.call-properties

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X-Netborder-Call-ID
When NetBorder Call Analyzer includes a CPD-Result header in a SIP response
message, it also add the custom SIP header named “X-Netborder-Call-ID ” that
contains the unique call-id that was used internally to process this call. It is the
same ID that is used as filename for logs, recording and in cpa-stats file. It may
reliably be used to cross-reference calls from NetBorder Call Analyzer logs to the
dialer application logs or database entries.
It looks like this:

X-Netborder-Call-ID : 1257866196-453125-14693-23

X-Netborder-Cpa-Reference-ID
The NetBorder Call Analyzer may optionally use a custom SIP header named “X-
Netborder-Cpa-Reference-ID” to associate any given string identifier with its own
call identifier. The given identifier is expected to be unique in the scope of a
campaign. If more than one campaign go through the same NetBorder Call
Analyzer, you may want to use X-Netborder-Cpa-Campaign-Name SIP header to
further identify the call.
The sole purpose of this reference is to help map NetBorder Call Analyzer logs
with the caller UAC application logs, it is not used by NetBorder Call Analyzer
except for adding it in the cpa-stats.csv file. (See section “The Cpa-stats.csv file“
on page 23).
In order to use this feature, add the following header to the initial INVITE
message sent to NetBorder Call Analyzer:

X-Netborder-Cpa-Reference-ID: XXX-XXX

Where “XXX-XXX” is replaced by any string of your choice.

X-Netborder-Cpa-Campaign-Name
The NetBorder Call Analyzer may also optionally use a custom SIP header named
“X-Netborder-Cpa-Campaign-Name“ to associate a call to a specific campaign
name. The specified name has no meaning for NetBorder Call Analyzer, it is not
used except for adding it in the cpa-stats.csv file. (See section “The Cpa-
stats.csv file“ on page 23).

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In order to use this feature, add the following header to the initial INVITE
message sent to NetBorder Call Analyzer:

X-Netborder-Cpa-Campaign-Name: XXX-XXX

Where “XXX-XXX” is replaced by any string of your choice.

SDP body
The SDP (Session Description Protocol) body contains information about the
message. The SDP body is optional. For a complete explanation of the SDP
session description, see RFC 2327.

Sample SIP messages

Below are two sample messages: a SIP request message, followed by a SIP
response message. Note the string “cpd=on” in the Request-Line. This
indicates that call progress analysis is requested.

Sample SIP Request Message

INVITE sip:[email protected]:5062; cpd=on SIP/2.0 Request-Line
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP SIP message headers
192.168.11.156:5060;branch=z9hG4bK233E73631D7A9A90B05D8C5A02
983766;rport=5060
Max-Forwards: 70
Contact: <sip: [email protected]: 5060;transport=udp>
To: <sip: [email protected] :5062>
From: "Your Long Name"<sip: Username@defaultproxy :5060>;tag= 660A262
2E4A7F9B9A839A2B8B9381FD
Call-ID: [email protected]:5062
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Session-Expires: 1800;refresher=uac
Content-Type: application/sdp
Supported: timer, replaces
User-Agent: Kapanga Softphone Desktop
1.00/2163e+1161886252_001372BDBCE2
Content-Length: 323
Blank line
V=0 SDP body in SIP
o=Username 1190134451 1190750689 IN IP4 192.168.11.156 message
s=Kapanga [1190134451]
c=IN IP4 192.168.11.156
t=0 0
m=audio 5562 RTP/AVP 8 0 101
a=rtpmap:8 pcma/8000

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a=sendrecv
a=silenceSupp:off - - -
a=rtcp:5563
a=maxptime:20
a=ptime:20
a=rtpmap:0 pcmu/8000
a=rtpmap:101 telephone-event/8000
a=fmtp:101 0-15,36

Sample SIP Response Message

SIP/2.0 200 OK Status (Response) Line
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP SIP message headers
192.168.11.156:5060;branch=z9hG4bK233E73631D7A9A90B05D8C5A029
83766;rport=5060 Contact: "Sangoma
NetBorder"<sip:[email protected]:5062>
To: <sip:[email protected]:5062>;tag=0f7fe217
From: "Your Long Name" <sip:Username@defaultproxy :
5060>;tag=660A72622E4A7F9B9A839
A2B8B9381FD
Call-ID: [email protected]:5062
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Allow: INVITE, ACK, CANCEL, OPTIONS, BYE, INFO
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: 236
CPD-Result: Voice
X-Netborder-Detailed-CPD-Result: Human
Blank line
v=0 SDP body in SIP 200
o=Paraxip-Tech 1190750737 1190750739 IN IP4 192.168.11.103 OK message
s=SIP Call
c=IN IP4 192.168.11.103
t=0 0
m=audio 49152 RTP/AVP 0 101
a=fmtp:101 0-16
a=ptime:20
a=rtpmap:0 pcmu/8000
a=rtpmap:101 telephone-event/8000
a=sendrecv

Notice the value of the CPD-Result header field. The NetBorder Call Analyzer
has determined the result of the call analysis to be “Voice” (a person, as
opposed to a machine, has evidently answered the call).

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Sample call flow

Typically, a transaction commences when a participant is invited to a call.
In the Contact Center, the outbound dialing process is initiated when an agent
notifies the SIP Application Server that he or she is available to receive calls, at
which time the predictive dialer initiates the outbound call.
The following sample call flow is based on call analysis being implemented in the
Contact Center. Note that the scenario is the same whether SIP trunking is
involved, or a VoIP gateway using T1 trunking.
An explanation follows the diagram.

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The steps involved in the scenario depicted are as follows:

1. Agents register (using SIP REGISTER) to notify the SIP Application Server
of their availability to receive calls.
2. Predictive Dialer initiates the outbound call via the SIP Application Server.
3. NetBorder receives the request and re-originates the outbound call
towards the VoIP provider network. Note that as soon as media flows
(early media), the NetBorder Netborder Call Analyzer starts processing
call information.
4. NetBorder passes NCA results to the SIP Application Server. Based on the
NCA results (Voice), the SIP Application Server looks for the next available
agent.
5. The SIP Application Server invites the selected agent.
6. After proper acknowledgements, NetBorder re-invites the VoIP provider’s
network to point the session towards the selected agent.
7. Media flows between agent and customer.

Throughout the call, NetBorder stays in line with the SIP call control path, but
gets out of the loop on the audio stream as soon as call progress is complete.
Another way to depict the same scenario is provided below (a network
incorporating TDM traffic and a VoIP gateway would be the same).

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Chapter 5: Configuring the

application
This chapter describes how to configure the NetBorder Call Analyzer, and
how to monitor its performance and results using log files.
This chapter contains the following topics:
● Selecting a mode of operation on page 56
● Configuring NetBorder as an outbound proxy on page 58
● Configuring NetBorder to be used with Genesys SIP Server (ie relay
server) on page 59
● Configuring End Of Greeting Detection (EAMD) on page 61
● Configuring the country used for tone definitions on page 62
● Changing the SIP transport to TCP on page 63
● Returning NetBorder to its original configuration on page 63
● Recording media on page 64
● Setting up logging on page 65.

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Selecting a mode of operation

There are three modes of operation recommended when using the NetBorder
Call Analyzer :
● Initial mode: “Out-of-the-box”, the application is configured to give you
the required flexibility and freedom for development purposes.
● Data collection mode: Emphasis is placed on gathering high-quality,
reliable and pertinent data.
● Production mode: Many of the options associated with the previous two
modes of operation are disabled, and the application is configured for
optimum performance.

Call progress analysis is carried out during each mode of operation, as

required. For example, in data collection mode, you will want to collect NCA
results on a wide array of calls to measure, troubleshoot and improve
detection performance. Finally, in production mode, you will want to carry
out CPA as efficiently as possible for large volumes of calls. For information
on how to make a CPA-requested call, see Making a call with CPA on page 40.
Below you will find some guidelines for the three modes of operation. Note that
each mode is user-definable: the following are recommendations only.

Initial mode
“Out-of-the-box” the NetBorder Call Analyzer is configured as follows:
● Used as an outbound proxy
● Call logging is enabled.
● Call Recording is not used.

Data collection mode

Typically, data collection will be done in collaboration with NetBorder and can
be used to measure, troubleshoot and improve the detection performance of
a specific deployment. Specifically, in this mode you should:
● Ensure call logging is enabled (see Enabling/disabling call logs on page 70
).

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● Activate the following logger, and raise its logging level to INFO, so that
CPA data collected may be simulated offline:
log4cplus.logger.netborder.cpa=INFO
For procedures, see Enabling logging parameters on page 69.
● Enable Call Recording (see Recording media on page 64).

Production mode
Production mode is the mode to use for deployment. To go into production
mode, you should:
● Disable call logging (see Enabling/disabling call logs on page 70 ).
● If your application no longer requires call recording, disable it (see
Recording media on page 64 ).
● Set the netborder.sip.message logger to WARN level
(log4cplus.logger.netborder.sip.message=WARN ) in files call-analyzer-
engine-logging.properties and call-analyzer-logging.properties.

Selecting the Application Class

An Application Class is a pre-packaged set of call scenarios and related
parameters and is used to quickly integrate NetBorder Call Analyzer with
third-party components. The available Application Classes are:

Name Use

CallAnalyzerAsOutboundProxy SIP Dialer can set an outbound proxy. See

Configuring NetBorder as an outbound
proxy below

CallAnalyzerGenesysOCS SIP Dialer is Genesys Outbound Server

(OCS) or cannot set an outbound proxy. See
Configuring NetBorder to be used with
Genesys SIP Server (ie relay server) on page
59

The Application Class is selected via the netborder.sip.ua.python.appClass of the

[NETBORDER_INSTALLDIR]\config\ call-analyzer-service.properties file.
Restart the NetBorder Call Analyzer service to activate changes.

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Application Classes comes with a set of associated call parameters. The

parameters used for a given Application Class are read for the file
named <Application Class> .call-properties.
For example, call properties for the CallAnalyzerAsOutboundProxy class are
read from the \config\ CallAnalyzerAsOutboundProxy.call-properties file.

Configuring NetBorder as an outbound proxy

By default, or “out of the box”, the NetBorder Call Analyzer is configured to
serve as an outbound proxy.
RFC 3261 defines an outbound proxy as "A proxy that receives requests from a
client, even though it may not be the server resolved by the Request-URI.
Typically, a UA is manually configured with an outbound proxy".
For information on manually configuring a user agent client with outbound proxy,
see Configuring as an outbound proxy on page 35 .
All outbound requests from the UAC or caller pass through the outbound proxy
server. The proxy server evaluates them, and if allowed, re-establishes the
requests on the outbound side to the UAS or callee. Likewise, responses or initial
requests coming from the UAS go to the proxy server to be evaluated. The proxy
then communicates with the UAC. In other words, all SIP requests and responses
are sent through the outbound proxy; in this case, NetBorder.

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Configuring NetBorder to be used with

Genesys SIP Server (ie relay server)
Since Genesys SIP Server does not support setting an outbound proxy,
NetBorder Call Analyzer can be configured in a special mode where it is used
as a relay server to overcome that limitation. Other SIP-based dialers that
does not support settings an outbound proxy can use that mode.

When NetBorder Call Analyzer is configured to use a relay server, incoming

requests are mapped to a pre-determined IP address and port at real-time.
For every initial SIP request, the user part and parameters of the Request-URI
header are copied from the initial SIP request and sent on to the relay server;
for example, to the IP address and port of a gateway.
Also, calls that are not meant to be analyzed (ie without ;cpd=on), will be
redirected via a 302 SIP response to avoid taking resources on NetBorder Call
Analyzer.

To configure NetBorder Call Analyzer for Genesys SIP Server (i.e. as

a relay server):

● Using the text editor of your choice, open the file call-analyzer-
service.properties located at:
● [NETBORDER_INSTALLDIR]\config\ call-analyzer-service.properties
where [NETBORDER_INSTALLDIR] is the root folder of the installation
(for example, C:\Program Files\Sangoma NetBorder Platform 2.0\ ) .
● Set the parameter netborder.sip.ua.python.appClass to
cpa.CallAnalyzerGenesysOCS

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● Using the text editor of your choice, open the file

CallAnalyzerGenesysOCS.call-properties located at:
● [NETBORDER_INSTALLDIR]\config\ CallAnalyzerGenesysOCS.call-
properties .
For more information on this file, see Appendix B .
Set the appropriate values for the host and port values, save your changes and
close the file.
1. When your changes are complete, restart the NetBorder Call Analyzer
service.

To use a relay server, the following parameters must be enabled:

● app.nca.RelayServerHost
● app.nca.RelayServerPort

These parameters must be configured in the .call-properties file. (ex:

CallAnalyzerGenesysOCS.call-properties).

The pertinent default content of the CallAnalyzerGenesysOCS.call-properties

file is provided below.
# Call parameters for Call Analyzer use with Genesys Outbound Contact Server (OCS)

# Host:Port of SIP UAS (media gateway or SIP trunk) used to reach the PSTN
#
# **** Host must be set by entering host name or IP after the "=" sign ***
# Ex. app.nca.RelayServerHost=192.168.1.100
#
app.nca.RelayServerHost=<Replace by relay server hostname or IP>
app.nca.RelayServerPort=5060

# Enable End Of Greeting (aka EAMD) detection

# Default: "false"
app.nca.EndOfGreeting.enable=false

# Require ";cpd=on" parameter in the initial INVITE request URL to perform

# Call Analysis (CPA)
# If set to "false", all calls will have CPA performed
# Default: "true"
app.nca.RequireCpdOnToPerformCpa=true

# Accept calls even when Call Analysis is not available

# Default: "false"
app.nca.AcceptCallsWhenCPANotAvailable=false

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# Timeouts

app.nca.PreConnectTimeout.ms=26000

# Used only when End Of Greeting detection is enabled

app.nca.EndOfGreetingTimeout.ms=60000

# Thresholds
#
app.nca.HumanThreshold=0.75
app.nca.MachineThreshold=0.85
app.nca.FaxThreshold=0.85

# UDP host:port to reach the Call Analyzer Engine service

app.nca.EngineHost=127.0.0.1
app.nca.EnginePort=5063

Configuring End Of Greeting Detection

(EAMD)
When using End Of Greeting Detection mode, if the greeting of an answering
machine is detected, the 200 Ok SIP response with the CPD-Result: Answering
Machine header will be sent only once the end of the greeting is detected
(whether via beep sound, or a period of silence), therefore allowing voice
message broadcasting campaigns.
There is a timeout parameter provided to set the maximum waiting time allowd
before the end of greeting to is detected. If this timeout expired, the 200 Ok SIP
response with the CPD-Result: Answering Machine header will be returned and
more information included in the X-Netborder-Detailed-CPD-Result header. See
sections Timeout Sequence and X-Netborder-Detailed-CPD-Result for addition
informations.

To use the End Of Greeting mode of the

CallAnalyzerAsOutboundProxy Application Class:

● Using the text editor of your choice, open the call properties in the
[NETBORDER_INSTALLDIR]\config\ CallAnalyzerAsOutboundProxy.call-
properties file.
● Set app.nca.EndOfGreeting.enable to true
● Restart the Sangoma NetBorder Call Analyzer service

To use the End Of Greeting mode of the CallAnalyzerGenesysOCS

Application Class:

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● Using the text editor of your choice, open the call properties in the
[NETBORDER_INSTALLDIR]\config\ CallAnalyzerGenesysOCS.call-
properties file.
● Set app.nca.EndOfGreeting.enable to true
● Restart the Sangoma NetBorder Call Analyzer service

Enabling End Of Greeting Detection on a call by call basis using a

prefix

● Using the text editor of your choice, open the call properties in the
[NETBORDER_INSTALLDIR]\config\ <Application Class>.call-properties
file.
● Set app.nca.ExpectPhoneNumberPrefix to true
● Restart the Sangoma NetBorder Call Analyzer service
● Call Analyzer will now expect a prefix of 4 digits to be used in the
phone numbers to dial. Valid prefixes:
● 9900: follow static configuration to determine how to treat call
● 9910: relay call without performing Answering Machine Detection
● 9911: perform Answering Machine Detection
● 9912: perform Answering Machine Detection and End Of Greeting
detection
● For example, for an INVITE with a Request-URL of
sip:99120113423232323@ <host>
● 9912 -> Turn on Answering Machine Detection and End of Greeting
detection for this call
● 0113423232323 -> Actual number to dial
● 991x prefixes have precedence over static configuration and cpd=on
request parameter

Configuring the country used for tone

definitions
The tones using in telephony signaling differs from country to country. The
detection engine underneath NetBorder Call Analyzer can be configured to
handle tones for a large number of countries.

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The default is to used tone definitions for Canada, which are also good for the
U.S.A. If calls are to be placed outside of those two countries, you need to set
the country tone definitions to use.
This is done via the netborder.cpa.runtime.model.country property of the
NetBorder Call Analyzer engine. See how to set engine parameters in section
call-analyzer-engine.properties on page 84

Changing the SIP transport to TCP

The default SIP transport use by NetBorder Call Analyzer is UDP. To change the
transport to TCP:
● Change udp for tcp in the netborder.sip.userAgent.IPAddress parameter
value in files:
● [NETBORDER_INSTALLDIR]\config\ call-analyzer-service.properties
● [NETBORDER_INSTALLDIR]\config\ call-analyzer-engine.properties
● Restart the NetBorder Call Analyzer service.

Returning NetBorder to its original

configuration
If you change the configuration files—for example, to use a relay server—and
find that you need to return them to their default settings, the original
configuration files are available in the following folder:
● [NETBORDER_INSTALLDIR]\.original_config
where [NETBORDER_INSTALLDIR] is the root folder of the installation (for
example, C:\Program Files\Sangoma NetBorder Platform
2.0\.original_config ).

You can either copy the pertinent files to their related folders (such as the
\config folder for .properties files, .call-properties and license files), provided
you have made no other significant changes, or you can use the original
configuration as a reference point.

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Recording media
The NetBorder Call Analyzer allows you to record media automatically. You
can do so by enabling the:
● CPA embedded recorder: Allows you to record media until call progress
analysis is complete.

Using the CPA embedded recorder

To use the embedded recorder on CPA-requested calls, enable the netborder
.cpa.runtime.recordAudio parameter in the call-analyzer-engine.properties
file.

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To enable the CPA embedded recorder:

1. Using the text editor of your choice, open the file call-analyzer-
engine.properties file located at:
● [NETBORDER_INSTALLDIR]\config\ call-analyzer-engine.properties
where [NETBORDER_INSTALLDIR] is the root folder of the
installation (for example, C:\Program Files\Sangoma NetBorder
Platform 2.0\config\ call-analyzer-engine.properties ).
For more information on this file, see Appendix B .
1. Search for the following text string:
● netborder.cpa.runtime.recordAudio
1. To enable the netborder.cpa.runtime.recordAudio parameter, change the
value of the parameter to “true”. For example:
● netborder.cpa.runtime.recordAudio=true
1. Save your changes and close the file.
2. Restart the NetBorder Call Analyzer service.

Setting up logging
The NetBorder Call Analyzer includes a powerful logging framework to enable
you to control the logging of events.
Logging configuration is set in the following two main logging configuration files:
● [NETBORDER_INSTALLDIR]\config\call-analyzer-logging.properties (for
the Sangoma NetBorder Call Analyzer service)
● [NETBORDER_INSTALLDIR]\config\call-analyzer-engine-
logging.properties (for the Sangoma NetBorder Engine for Call Analyzer
service)
where [NETBORDER_INSTALLDIR] is the root folder of the installation.

Separate files allow you to maintain two custom logger configurations, one
for the Call Analyzer and one for the Engine for Call Analyzer service.

N
OTE: Detailed information on logging and particularly logging
configuration is contained in Appendix C. Turn to this appendix to
familiarize yourself with logging levels, the logging subsystem, and
configuration.

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Viewing logs and events

This section describes briefly how to view logging information.

Viewing logs of high-level events

By default, and unless otherwise changed in the logging configuration, all
logs of severity “WARN” and above are reported immediately, through the
Windows Event Viewer.
To monitor the service to ensure that no warnings or errors occur, start the Event
Viewer.

To use the Windows Event Viewer to view logging information:

1. From the Start Menu, select Programs > Sangoma NetBorder

Platform 2.0 > Event Viewer.
2. In the left pane, select the “Application” folder.

3. In the right pane, click the “Source” event header to view events in
ascending (alphabetical) order.

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4. Search through the list for information and/or any errors resulting from a
“Sangoma NetBorder” service.

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Viewing logs of low-level events

By default, logs of lesser priority (such as “INFO”) are reported to a file, as
configured in the .properties files.
For example, call logs are configured as follows:

# Call Logging
log4cplus.appender.CALL_LOG_APPENDER=log4cplus::NullAppender
log4cplus.appender.CALL_LOG_APPENDER.Directory=logs/call-logs
log4cplus.appender.CALL_LOG_APPENDER.ImmediateFlush=true
log4cplus.appender.CALL_LOG_APPENDER.layout=log4cplus::Pattern
Layout
log4cplus.appender.CALL_LOG_APPENDER.layout.ConversionPattern=%D{%Y-%m-
%d %H:%M:%S:%%q} [%t] %p - %c : %m%n
# Set to true if you want a directory structure with
# year/month/day/hour for your call logs
netborder.infra.CallLogger.dateTimeDirectory=true
# Overload ROOT with new logger hierarchy severity
log4cplus.logger.netborder.sip.message=INFO
log4cplus.logger.netborder.ace=WARN

In this example, to view SIP message events at the “INFO” level, you would look
for log files in subdirectories organized by date and time in the following parent
directory:
● C:\Program Files\Sangoma NetBorder Platform 2.0\logs\call-logs\

By default Engine For Call Analyzer events of level “INFO” are saved to the
[NETBORDER_INSTALLDIR]\logs\call-analyzer-engine.out log file, as specified
in the call-analyzer-engine-logging.properties file. Similarly, for the Call
Analyzer, logging information of level “INFO” is saved to the
[NETBORDER_INSTALLDIR]\logs\call-analyzer-service.out log file, as per the
call-analyzer-logging.properties file.
However, logs can be redirected to any file you wish, simply by modifying the
formatting handle, also called an “appender”, which holds the information on
where to redirect the logging output (for example, Windows Event Viewer,
console, file, syslog), as well as the type and format of logging information to
output. For more information, see Appendix C and specifically Step 1: Set the
logging level and appender on page 95.

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Enabling logging parameters

The .properties files contain logging parameters that may be enabled, as
necessary. In most cases, you will change these parameters only when
instructed to do so by Sangoma Support.

Additional Logging Parameters

Parameter Description
netborder.sip.message Enables logging related to SIP messages exchanged.
netborder.sip-hub Enables logging related to the core of NetBorder.
netborder.cpa Enables logging for CPA decision-related events.

Follow the steps of the following procedure whenever you need to enable (or
disable) a logging parameter in one of the .properties files (altering the
appropriate parameter as required).
This procedure describes how to enable the netborder.cpa logger in the sip-
hub.properties file and change its logging severity level from “TRACE” to
“INFO”.

To enable the netborder.cpa logger:

1. Using the text editor of your choice, open the call-analyzer-

logging.properties file, located at:
● [NETBORDER_INSTALLDIR]\config\ call-analyzer-logging.properties
where [NETBORDER_INSTALLDIR] is the root folder of the installation
(for example, C:\Program Files\Sangoma NetBorder Platform
2.0\config\ call-analyzer-logging.properties ).
2. Search for the following text string:
● log4cplus.logger.netborder.cpa
1. To enable the property, remove the character “#” from the beginning of
the line. For example:
● log4cplus.logger.netborder.cpa=TRACE
(Therefore, to disable a logging parameter, precede it with the ‘#’
character, so it is ignored by the system.)
2. Change the logging level. In the example below, the logging level has
been changed from “TRACE” to “INFO”:
● log4cplus.logger.netborder.cpa=INFO

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CAUTION: The performance of the system is significantly degraded

when the log level is set to TRACE. DEBUG and TRACE should only be
used by Sangoma Support when troubleshooting a specific issue.

1. Save your changes and close the file.

2. When your changes are complete, restart the NetBorder Call Analyzer
service.

Enabling/disabling call logs

By default call logging is enabled.

To disable call logging:

1. With the text editor of your choice, open each of the following
configuration files:
● [NETBORDER_INSTALLDIR]\config\ call-analyzer-logging.properties
(for the Sangoma NetBorder Call Analyzer service)
● [NETBORDER_INSTALLDIR]\config\ call-analyzer-engine-
logging.properties (for the Sangoma NetBorder Engine For Call
Analyzer service)
● [PARAXIP_INSTALLDIR]\config\media_server_uas.properties (for the
Paraxip NetBorder Media Server service)
where [NETBORDER_INSTALLDIR] is the root folder of the installation
(for example, C:\Program Files\Sangoma NetBorder Platform
2.0\config\ call-analyzer-logging.properties ) .
1. Search for the text string “log4cplus.rootLogger” to locate the root
logger:
● log4cplus.rootLogger=WARN, NTEVENTLOG, DEBUG_APPENDER,
CALL_LOG_APPENDER
1. Comment out the “, CALL_LOG_APPENDER” value by placing the character
“#” directly in front of it, on a new line, as follows:
● log4cplus.rootLogger=WARN, NTEVENTLOG, DEBUG_APPENDER
#, CALL_LOG_APPENDER
1. Make this change to each of the .properties files.
2. Save your changes and close the files.
3. Restart the NetBorder Call Analyzer service.

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To enable the call log once again, ensure that “, CALL_LOG_APPENDER”

is not commented out. Restart the service.

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Chapter 6: Troubleshooting
List of errors messages and associated actions to remedy to the
problem:

Component Error Message Severity Action

Call Analyzer Cannot parse NCA result = %s High Internal error, contact Sangoma Support

NetBorder Error in Python script: %s High Correct Python code following reported error details
Correct Python code for specified class following
NetBorder Error instantiating Python class High
reported error details
Exception while configuring
NetBorder High Correct parameters following reported exception text
Resiprocate:
Failed to configure the logger Correct logger-related parameters in /config/
Infrastructure High
from the Global Configuration [service].properties
Infrastructure Host has 2 IP addresses. High Set the netborder.net.primaryIPAddress parameter
Host has more than one IP
Infrastructure High Set the netborder.net.primaryIPAddress parameter
address
Call Analyzer No valid NCA result in = %s High Internal error, contact Sangoma Support
Check SIP messaging to see why the Callee User agent
Call Analyzer doReInvite on callee failed High
refused the re-INVITE once connected
failed to create call logging
Infrastructure High Check permissions for path provided to store call logs
output directory
Failed to load config files to Make sure configuration file provided by error message
Infrastructure High
initialize exists and can be opened

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Make sure at least only network adatper is bound to the

Infrastructure host has no ip address! High
TCP/IP protocol
The Global Configuration
contains deprecated parameters. Remove deprecated parameters (provided by WARN-
Infrastructure High
Please update your level logs)
configuration
License is expired. Expiration
Infrastructure High Contact Sangoma Sales to obtain a permanent license
date: %s
License allows the software to
be run on a host with an
Contact Sangoma Sales to obtain a valid license for your
Infrastructure Network adapter using a MAC High
server
address of only. MAC addresses
for this host:%s
Signature validation on license Make sure you update both the license file and it's
Infrastructure High
file %s failed signature
CPA endpoint disconnected
Call Analyzer Medium Internal error, contact Sangoma Support
unexpectedly
The SIP UAC did not answer
our SIP 200 response with a
Call Analyzer Medium Check configuration of Caller SIP User Agent
ACK request as specified by
RFC 3261. Terminating the call

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 Appendix A: Glossary

Appendix A: Glossary
This appendix contains a list of terms, abbreviations and acronyms used in
this guide. Definitions of key terms have been provided, many of which have
been taken directly from the SIP standard (RFC 3261).

A
ACD Automatic Call Distribution/Distributor. ACD efficiently routes
incoming calls to multiple answering stations. ACDs also enable call
centers to track usage patterns as well as traffic and agent
performance.

B
B2BUA Back-to-Back User Agent. A B2BUA acts as third-party call controller
and can establish calls between two user agents, as well as modify and
terminate existing calls. SIP calls via a B2BUA result in the creation
of two distinct dialogs, which allow it to modify one session without
affecting the other session. A B2BUA is a user agent ( UA ) that acts
as a user agent server ( UAS ) to the Caller , and as a user agent
client ( UAC ) to the Callee .

75 NetBorder Call Analyzer

Appendix A: Glossary

Call A call is an informal term that refers to some communication between

peers, generally set up for the purposes of a multimedia conversation.
Callee The callee is the party that receives an INVITE request for the purpose
of establishing a new session. In SIP terms, a UAS .
Caller The caller is the party initiating a session (and dialog) with an INVITE
request. In SIP terms, a UAC .
Call leg See Dialog .
Client A client is any network element that sends SIP requests and
receives SIP responses. Clients may or may not interact directly with a
human user. UACs and proxies are clients.
Contact Center A Contact Center or call center is a centralized office used for the
purpose of receiving and transmitting a large volume of requests by
telephone.
CPA Call Progress Analysis. CPA is the process of detecting pre-connect
information about failed outbound call attempts and the destination
party’s media type for connected outbound calls.

D
Dialer A dialer, also referred to as a Predictive Dialer, is a computerized
system that automatically dials batches of telephone numbers; for
instance, for connection to agents assigned to sales or other
campaigns.
Dialog A dialog is a peer-to-peer SIP relationship between two UAs that
persists for some time. A dialog is established by SIP messages, such
as a 2xx response to an INVITE request. Call leg is another term for
a dialog.

E
Early media Early media is the ability of two user agents to communicate before a
SIP call is actually established. Specifically, it permits the delivery of
a media stream prior to call answer or session establishment.

H
Header A header is a component of a SIP message that conveys
information about the message. It is structured as a sequence of header
fields.

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 Appendix A: Glossary

IETF Internet Engineering Task Force. The IETF is an open standards

organization that develops and promotes Internet standards, dealing in
particular with standards of the TCP/IP and Internet Protocol suite.
IP Internet Protocol. IP is a protocol used for communicating data across
packet-switched networks.
IVR Interactive Voice Response. IVR is an automated telephony system that
interacts with callers, gathers information, and routes calls to the
appropriate recipient.

L
LAN Local Area Network. A LAN is a computer network covering a small
geographic area, such as a home, office, or group of buildings.

M
MAC address Media Access Control address of a computer networking device.
Message Data sent between SIP elements as part of the protocol.
SIP messages are either requests or responses.
Method The method is the primary function that a request is meant to invoke on
a server. The method is carried in the request message itself. Example
methods are INVITE, REFER and BYE.
ms Millisecond. A millisecond (ms) is one thousandth of a second.

O
OAM Operations, Administration, and Maintenance. OAM is a general term
used to describe the processes, activities, tools, standards, etc. involved
with operating, administering, and maintaining any system.
OS Operating System. The software that manages the hardware and
software of a computer.
Outbound proxy A proxy that receives outbound requests from a client, even though it
may not be the server resolved by the Request-URI. Typically, a UA is
manually configured with an outbound proxy.

P
PBX Private Branch eXchange. A PBX is a telephone exchange that serves a
particular business or office, as opposed to one that a common carrier
or telephone company operates for many businesses or for the general
public.
Ping Ping is the primary TCP/IP command used to troubleshoot
connectivity, reachability, and name resolution.
Predictive dialer See Dialer .

77 NetBorder Call Analyzer

Appendix A: Glossary

Proxy A proxy is an intermediate entity in the SIP network that is responsible

for forwarding SIP requests to the target UAS or another proxy on
behalf of the UAC. A proxy primarily provides the routing function in
the SIP network.
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network. The PSTN is the network of the
world's public circuit-switched telephone networks.
Python Python is a dynamic object-oriented programming language distributed
under an OSI-approved open source license.

R
Redirect server A redirect server is a UAS that generates 300-class SIP Responses to
requests it receives, directing the UAC to contact an alternate set of
URIs.
Registrar server A registrar is a UAS that accepts SIP REGISTER requests and updates
the information from the request message into a location database.
Relay server Relay servers facilitate communication by acting as proxies for
navigating firewalls, providing alternative communications paths for
clients operating over gateways, and fanning out data transmissions.
Request A SIP message sent from a client to a server, for the purpose of
invoking a particular operation.
Request-Line The Request-Line is the start-line of a SIP request. If CPA has been
enabled using the NetBorder Call Analyzer, by default the Request-
Line will contain the string “cpd=on”.
Response A SIP message sent from a server to a client, for indicating the
status of a request sent from the client to the server.
RFC Request for Comments associated with an active IETF Working Group.
RTCP RTP Control Protocol. RTCP permits monitoring of the data delivery of
RTP, including quality of service.
RTP Real-time Transport Protocol. RTP transports real-time data such as
audio or video packets to the endpoints that are involved in a session.
RFC 3550 defines RTP.

S
SBC See Session Controller .
SDP Session Description Protocol. SDP is used in a SIP message body to
describe the parameters of the multimedia session. RFC 2327 defines
SDP.
Server A server is a network element that receives requests in order to
service them and sends back responses to those requests. Examples of
servers are proxies, user agent servers, redirect servers, and registrars.

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 Appendix A: Glossary

Session A multimedia session is a set of multimedia senders and receivers and

the data streams flowing from senders to receivers. A multimedia
conference is an example of a multimedia session.
Session Controller A Session Controller or Session Border Controller (SBC) is a
piece of network equipment or a collection of functions that control
real-time session traffic at the signaling, call control, and packet layers
as they cross a notional packet-to-packet network border between
networks or between network segments.
SIP Session Initiation Protocol. SIP is an application-layer control
(signaling) protocol for creating, modifying, and terminating sessions
with one or more participants. RFC 3261 defines SIP.
SIT Special Information Tone. SIT is a series of three precise, sequential
audio tones played together, each tone having a higher pitch than the
previous tone, which indicate that a call cannot be completed.
Status-Line The Status-Line is the start-line of a SIP response.

T
TCP Transmission Control Protocol. TCP is intended for use as a highly
reliable host-to-host protocol between hosts in packet-switched
computer communication networks, and especially in interconnected
systems of such networks.
TDM Time Division Multiplexing. TDM is a method of sending multiple
digital signals along a single telecommunications transmission path.

U
UA User Agent. A UA is a logical function in the SIP network that initiates
or responds to SIP transactions. A UA can act as either the client or the
server in a SIP transaction.
UAC User Agent Client or Caller . A UAC is a logical function that initiates
SIP requests and accepts SIP responses.
UAS User Agent Server or Callee . A UAS is a logical function that accepts
SIP requests and sends back SIP responses.
UDP User Datagram Protocol. Using UDP, programs on networked
computers can send short messages sometimes known as datagrams
(using Datagram Sockets) to one another. UDP is also referred to as the
Universal Datagram Protocol.
URI Uniform Resource Identifier. A URI is a compact string of characters
used to identify or name a resource.

79 NetBorder Call Analyzer

Appendix A: Glossary

URL Uniform Resource Locator. Frequently, a synonym for URI. Strictly

speaking, a URL is a URI that, in addition to identifying a resource,
provides means of acting upon or obtaining a representation of the
resource by describing its primary access mechanism or network
“location”.

V
VAD Voice Activity Detection. VAD is the process of separating
conversational speech and silence. In VoIP, VAD can disable the
silence packets and use the silent period to transmit some traffic other
than voice.
VoIP Voice over IP. VoIP is the routing of voice conversations over the
Internet or through any IP-based network.

W
WAN Wide Area Network. A network that uses routers and public
communications links. The largest and most well-known example of a
WAN is the Internet.

X
XML eXtensible Markup Language. The Extensible Markup Language is a
general-purpose markup language classified as an extensible language
because it allows its users to define their own elements or tags. Its
primary purpose is to facilitate the sharing of structured data across
different information systems.

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 Appendix B: Configuration parameters

Appendix B: Configuration
parameters
This appendix contains a comprehensive list of parameters, with a brief
description, for the following configuration files:
● call-analyzer-service.properties on page 82
● call-analyzer-engine.properties on page 84
● call-properties files on page 86

81 NetBorder Call Analyzer

Appendix B: Configuration parameters

call-analyzer-service.properties

The following table lists the configuration parameters contained in the

call-analyzer-service.properties file, located at:
● [NETBORDER_INSTALLDIR]\config\call-analyzer-service.properties
where [NETBORDER_INSTALLDIR] is the root folder of the installation
(for example, C:\Program Files\Sangoma NetBorder Platform
2.0\config\call-analyzer-service.properties).

The call-analyzer-service.properties file is a simple text file that you can edit
using any standard text editor.

Note that the service must be re-started for modifications to take

effect. The default values should be suitable for most applications.

N OTE: Lines starting with the character ‘#’ are comments ignored by
the software.

Configuration Parameters: call-analyzer-service.properties

Parameter Default Value Notes
netborder.sip.userAgent.IP INADDR_ANY:5062/udp Specifies the IP address, port
Address and type of transport used for
SIP messages.
Format :
ip_addr1[:port1][/[udp|tcp]],
ip_addr2[:port2][/[udp|tcp]]
For example:
127.0.0.1:5062/udp.
Use INADDR_ANY as the IP
address to listen on all IP
interfaces on the host.
Note: Value must be
different from the other
Sangoma services running on
the same host.

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 Appendix B: Configuration parameters

Configuration Parameters: call-analyzer-service.properties

Parameter Default Value Notes
netborder.net.primaryIP Specifies the IP address of
Address the media engine.
Use this parameter when you
have multiple network cards
to specify the one to use.
netborder.sip.ua.python. cpa.CallAnalyzerAsOutbo Specifies the Application
appClass undProxy Class to use to handle the call
request. See Selecting the
Application Class on page 57
netborder.oam.webServicePort 18082 Port used for Web Service
OAM interface
netborder.infra.coreDump.write true Specifies whether a dump file
OnCrash is generated should the
program crash.
Valid values: true or false.
netborder.infra.coreDump.write [NETBORDER_INSTALLDI Specifies the location of the
OnCrash.path R]\config\call- dump file if the previous
analyzer.dmp parameter is set to “true”.

83 NetBorder Call Analyzer

Appendix B: Configuration parameters

call-analyzer-engine.properties
The following table lists the configuration parameters contained in the call-
analyzer-engine.propertiesfile, located at:
● [NETBORDER_INSTALLDIR]\config\call-analyzer-engine.properties
where [NETBORDER_INSTALLDIR] is the root folder of the installation
(for example, C:\Program Files\Sangoma NetBorder Platform
2.0\config\call-analyzer-engine.properties).

The call-analyzer-engine.properties file is a simple text file that you can edit
using any standard text editor. Note that many of the parameters in this file
are the same as those contained in the config\call-analyzer-
service.properties file. For more information on these parameters, see the
Table entitled Configuration Parameters: call-analyzer-service .properties in
the preceding section.

Parameters unique to the call-analyzer-engine.properties file are described in

the following table.

Note that the service must be re-started for modifications to take

effect. The default values should be suitable for most applications.

N OTE: Lines starting with the character ‘#’ are comments ignored by
the software.

Configuration Parameters: call-analyzer-engine.properties

Parameter Default Value Notes
netborder.cpa.runtime.model canada Geographic location for tone
.country detection. See
[NETBORDER_INSTALLDIR]/dat
a/tone-db for the list of locales
supported.
NOTE: “canada” and “usa” are
equivalent, see Configuring the
country used for tone definitions
on page 62
netborder.cpa.runtime.numT 2 Adjust to the number of logical
hreads CPUs on the system

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 Appendix B: Configuration parameters

Configuration Parameters: call-analyzer-engine.properties

Parameter Default Value Notes
netborder.cpa.runtime.sendr FALSE Make Call Analyzer offer the RTP
ecvSDPOffer stream as bidirectional (sendrecv)
in the initial INVITE request
(default is unidirectional -
recvonly)
netborder.media.rtp.udpPort 19000:22000 Sets the port range to use for RTP
Range & RTCP transport
netborder.cpa.runtime.recor false Specifies whether to record the
dAudio audio received by the Netborder
Call Analyzer.
Valid values: true or false
netborder.recorder.output [NETBORDER_INSTALL Specifies the directory used to
Directory DIR]\logs\recordings store the audio files recorded.
netborder.recorder.output true Indicates whether the audio files
Directory.dateTime are saved in directories
structured by date and time.
Valid values: true or false
netborder.rtp.encodingList ulaw,alaw Ordered list of codecs that will be
offered for the first phase of the
call (where Answering machine
detection is performed)

85 NetBorder Call Analyzer

Appendix B: Configuration parameters

call-properties files
This section describes the configuration parameters contained in the call-
properties files, located at:
● [NETBORDER_INSTALLDIR]\config\
where [NETBORDER_INSTALLDIR] is the root folder of the installation
(for example, C:\Program Files\Sangoma NetBorder Platform
2.0\config\CallAnalyzerAsOutboundProxy.call-properties) .

Here are the call-properties files present in the /config folder:

● CallAnalyzerAsOutboundProxy.call-properties
● CallAnalyzerGenesysOCS.call-properties

The .call- properties file are a simple text file that you can edit using any
standard text editor.

Note that the service must be re-started for modifications to take

effect.

N
OTE: Lines starting with the character ‘#’ are comments ignored
by the software. Paragraphs or blocks of text are commented out by
means of triple quotes; that is, the text to be ignored is surrounded
by three sets of quotations marks (""").

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 Appendix B: Configuration parameters

Configuration Parameters: * .call- properties

Parameter Default Value Notes
app.nca.PreConnectTimeout.ms 26000 The maximum amount of time (in
milliseconds) before a connect
event or a NCA result is obtained.
If the timeout is reached, an
“Unknown” result is returned to the
caller.
app.nca.PostConnectTimeout.ms 10000 The maximum amount of time (in
milliseconds) for a NCA result to be
obtained, once connected.
If the timeout is reached, an
“Unknown” result is returned to the
caller.
The post-connect timeout in no way
can enhances detection speed: it is
only a fail safe to ensure that the
CPA does not stay locked on a call
indefinitely.

If the End Of Greeting mode is not

in use, the maximum total timeout
time is equal to:
app.nca.PreConnectTimeout.ms +
app.nca.PostConnectTimeout.ms.
app.nca.EndOfGreetingTimeout.ms 60000 The maximum amount of time (in
milliseconds) for a End of Greeting
result to be obtained when the End
Of Greeting mode is active.
This timeout starts once when
Netborder Call Analyzer detects an
answering machine). Refer to the
Timeout Sequence Graph to get an
example of a timeout sequence.
When using the End Of Greeting
detector, the maximum total
timeout time is equal to:
app.nca.PreConnectTimeout.ms +
app.nca.PostConnectTimeout.ms +
app.nca.EndOfGreetingTimeout.ms.
app.nca.HumanThreshold 0.75 The threshold, specified as a
decimal percentage, at which a CPA
HUMAN result will be considered a
final result and reported to the
caller.

87 NetBorder Call Analyzer

Appendix B: Configuration parameters

Configuration Parameters: * .call- properties

Parameter Default Value Notes
app.nca.MachineThreshold 0.85 The threshold, specified as a
decimal percentage, at which a CPA
MACHINE result will be considered a
final result and reported to the
caller.
app.nca.FaxThreshold 0.85 The threshold, specified as a
decimal percentage, at which a CPA
FAX result will be considered a final
result and reported to the caller.
app.nca.EngineHost 127.0.0.1 Specifies the lIP to reach the
NetBorder Call Analyzer Engine.
app.nca.EnginePort 5063 Specifies the listening port of the
NetBorder Call Analyzer Engine
common.b2bua.outbound.proxy.host <not set> Set the outbound proxy host ip to
reach callee.
common.b2bua.outbound.proxy.port <not set> Set the outbound proxy port to
reach callee.
app.nca.RelayServerHost <not set> Specifies the IP address of the relay
server. For every initial SIP request,
the content of the Request-URI
header is copied from the initial SIP
request and sent on to the relay
server.
This parameter is used only when
the NetBorder Call Analyzer is
configured for Genesys SIP Server
app.nca.RelayServerPort 5060 Specifies the listening port of the
relay server.
This parameter is used only when
the NetBorder Call Analyzer is
configured for Genesys SIP Server
app.nca.RequireCpdOnToPerformCpa true Set to false so perform analysis on
all incoming calls, I.e do not require
cpd=on to be present in Request
URL.

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 Appendix B: Configuration parameters

Configuration Parameters: * .call- properties

Parameter Default Value Notes
app.nca.provisionalRelayedUpon183 183 (Integer) Status code of provisional
SIP response sent to dialer upon
reception of 183 “Session Progress”
for MGW/SIP trunk.
NOTE: the response sent to the
MGW/SIP trunk will not contain any
SDP description. Use value “181” if
the dialer software does not accept
such a response.
app.nca.ExpectPhoneNumberPrefix false See “Enabling End Of Greeting
Detection on a call by call basis
using a prefix” on page 62
app.nca.ForwardSipOptionsToRelayS false Allow for SIP OPTIONS requests to
erver be relayed to the Relay Server.
Use while setting the Genesys SIP
Server option oos-options-max-
forwards to a value greater than 0
This parameter is used only when
the NetBorder Call Analyzer is
configured for Genesys SIP Server

89 NetBorder Call Analyzer

 Appendix B: Configuration parameters

Timeout Sequence
This diagram illustrates which timeout applies during which part of the call.
Note that in this sequence no timeout is triggered. The horizontal lines
represent a timeout that is 'ticking'.

For example, if an answering machine or human were to not be detected

before the Postconnect timeout is reached, the call attempt would be
stopped with a Detailed-Cpd-Result header value of “Unknown”.

91 NetBorder Call Analyzer

Appendix C: Logging configuration

Appendix C: Logging configuration

This appendix contains general information about logging, including the
following key topics:
● Logging levels on page 93
● Logger hierarchy on page 94
● Configuring the logging subsystem on page 95
● Dynamic call logging on page 99
● Syslog integration on page 100.

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 Appendix C: Logging configuration

Logging levels
There are six logging levels, as follows:
● FATAL: Logs very severe error events that may lead the application to
abort.
● ERROR: Logs only error conditions. The ERROR level provides the
smallest amount of logging information.
● WARN: Logs information when an operation completes successfully but
there are issues with the operation.
● INFO: Logs information about workflow. It generally explains how an
operation occurs.
● DEBUG: Logs all of the details related to a specific operation. This is the
highest level of logging.
● TRACE: Logs designated finer-grained informational events than DEBUG.

C
AUTION: The performance of the system is significantly degraded
when the log level is set to TRACE. DEBUG and TRACE should only be
used by Technical support when troubleshooting a specific issue.

93 NetBorder Call Analyzer

Appendix C: Logging configuration

Logger hierarchy
The logger adheres to a hierarchical structure starting with a “Root” logger.
Components that are direct “children” of a logger above them in the
hierarchy inherit all of the properties of the parent. The value inherited by a
child from the parent can by overridden by modifying the specific property of
the child. A change at one level will impact all of the component’s
descendants.
The figure below illustrates a subset of the NetBorder Call Analyzer‘s logging
hierarchy. Those components that are used solely for troubleshooting purposes
by Sangoma Support have not been included (for example, infrastructure
components and utilities).

The “public” logging sub-modules of most importance are as follows:

● VoIP: Relates to everything that has to do exclusively with signaling
within the context of a VoIP dialog.
● Media: Relates to everything that has to do exclusively with media
processing (for example, media recording).
● CPA: Relates to everything that has to do with the general NetBorder Call
Analyzer application and is independent of the specifics of the Media and
VoIP implementations. It includes, for example, the Call Analyzer logs,
Engine Call Analyzer logs, and call logs.

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 Appendix C: Logging configuration

Configuring the logging subsystem

To configure the logging subsystem, follow these steps:
● Step 1: Set the logging level and appender (see page 95)
● Step 2: Set the pattern layout (see page 97)
● Step 3 (optional): Set child-specific behaviour (see page 98).

Step 1: Set the logging level and appender

The first step to configuring the logging subsystem is to set the root logger.
The root logger can be assigned a logging level and one or more formatting
handles.
A formatting handle, also called an “appender”, holds the information on where
to redirect the logging output (for example, Windows Event Viewer, console, file,
syslog, etc.), as well as the type and format of logging information to output.
Here is a sample configuration for the root logger. Logging parameters are set in
the main configuration (.properties) files: call-analyzer-service.properties and
call-analyzer-engine.properties .

# Logger configuration for the Windows Event log, level = INFO

log4cplus.rootLogger=INFO, NTEVENTLOG, ROLLINGFILE
# NTEVENTLOG Appender
log4cplus.appender.NTEVENTLOG=log4cplus::NTEventLogAppender
# ROLLINGFILE Config: Size limited rolling files of 50MB with 20
backups (max 1GB)
log4cplus.appender.ROLLINGFILE=log4cplus::RollingFileAppender

In the example provided, the root logging level is set to INFO, and the appender
(formatting handle) is NTEVENTLOG. The appender is configured to redirect the
output to the Windows Event Viewer using NTEventLogAppender and a
RollingFileAppender.

95 NetBorder Call Analyzer

Appendix C: Logging configuration

To set the target redirection, assign the property

log4cplus.appender.<MY_HANDLE> (where <MY_HANDLE> is the name of the
logger’s redirection handle) to one or more of the values listed in the following
table.

Logging Appenders
Appender Description
log4cplus::NTEventLog Output redirected to the Windows Event Viewer.
Appender
log4cplus::ConsoleAppender Output redirected to stdout (standard output).
log4cplus::RollingFileAppender Output redirected to a rolling file (rolling executed based
on the log file size). If this type of appender is chosen,
then the following properties can be configured:
log4cplus.appender.<MY_HANDLE>.File=<filename>.log
log4cplus.appender.<MY_HANDLE>.MaxFileSize=50MB
log4cplus.appender.<MY_HANDLE>.MaxBackupIndex=20
log4cplus.appender.<MY_HANDLE>.ImmediateFlush=true
Log4cplus::DailyRollingFile Output redirected to a scheduled rolling file (rolling
Appender executed based on a schedule – hourly, daily, etc.). There
is no restriction on disk space for this appender, so
use with care. If this type of appender is chosen, then
the following properties can be configured:
log4cplus.appender.<MY_HANDLE>.File=<filename>.log
log4cplus.appender.<MY_HANDLE>.Schedule=HOURLY
The Schedule property can take one of the following
values: MONTHLY, WEEKLY, DAILY, TWICE_DAILY, HOURLY,
MINUTELY.
log4cplus::FileAppender Output redirected to a file (file is overridden each time the
service starts). If this type of appender is chosen, then
the following properties can be configured:
log4cplus.appender.<MY_HANDLE>.File=<filename>.log
log4cplus.appender.<MY_HANDLE>.MaxFileSize=50MB
log4cplus.appender.<MY_HANDLE>.ImmediateFlush=true

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 Appendix C: Logging configuration

Step 2: Set the pattern layout

After setting the redirection output, the next step is to configure the type and
format of the information to appear in the logs. This is achieved through the
configuration of a Pattern Layout. A pattern layout allows you to format the
output of the logs in a similar fashion to a printf function in ‘C’. The format
string contains one or more placeholders, which will be replaced by the
logging engine when it is time to log the message.
Here is an example of how a pattern layout would be assigned to a logger and
configured.

log4cplus.appender.NTEVENTLOG.layout=log4cplus::PatternLayout
# Output 'Log Level' - 'Logger name' : Message
log4cplus.appender.NTEVENTLOG.layout.ConversionPattern=%p - %c : %m%n

In the example above, “%p” indicates the logging level or priority (such as
“INFO”), “%c” indicates the source of the event (such as a configuration
parameter), followed by the log message itself, and finally a new line.
The following table lists the special conversion characters available for use
within layout pattern strings. Note that each conversion qualifier starts with a
percent sign (%).

Pattern Layout Conversion Characters

Conversion Description
Character
%c Category (name of logger) issuing the event.
%D Date/time of the logging event. The date can be formatted using
%D[format] where valid symbols for [format] are as follows:
%Y: year, %m: month, %d: day, %H: hours, %M: minutes, %S:
seconds, %%q: milliseconds.
%l Location of the logging request (method, file name and line number).
WARNING: This qualifier will severely impede performance!
%L Line number of the logging request.
WARNING: This qualifier will severely impede performance!
%m Message of the log.
%n New line.
%p Priority of the logging event (logging level).
%r Timestamp in milliseconds from the start of program until the creation
of the logging event.
%t Thread from which the logging request was made.

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Appendix C: Logging configuration

Step 3 (optional): Set child-specific behaviour

Logging configuration is performed at the root level, but any action can be
overwritten by any “child” logger lower in the hierarchy. This way, you can
assign a different logging level and logging format to a specific node in the
logger hierarchy. Note that any log statement meeting the minimal logging
level selected will be forwarded to all appenders assigned to that
logger (directly or inherited from higher up in the logger hierarchy). For
example, you might use this methodology to direct the log output to both the
Windows Event Viewer and to a rolling file.

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 Appendix C: Logging configuration

Dynamic call logging

The logger can be configured to redirect information about one particular call
to a dedicated file. This “per call” information is actually duplicated from
the current appenders and written to a unique file in the system. The call
logger appender is in reality a dynamic appender, similar to a
log4cplus::FileAppender, except that the output file name is determined
dynamically based on the call ID.
The call logger is enabled by default in the .properties files:

# Call Logging
log4cplus.appender.CALL_LOG_APPENDER=log4cplus::NullAppender
log4cplus.appender.CALL_LOG_APPENDER.Directory=C:\Program Files\Sangoma
NetBorder Platform 2.0\logs\call-logs
log4cplus.appender.CALL_LOG_APPENDER.ImmediateFlush=true
log4cplus.appender.CALL_LOG_APPENDER.layout=log4cplus::PatternLayout
log4cplus.appender.CALL_LOG_APPENDER.layout.ConversionPattern=%D{%Y-%m-
%d %H:%M:%S:%%q} [%t] %p - %c : %m%n
# Set to true if you want a directory structure with
# year/month/day/hour for your call logs
netborder.infra.CallLogger.dateTimeDirectory=true

In the example above, log4cplus.appender.CALL_LOG_APPENDER.Directory is

set to a valid output directory with write permission; therefore, call logs are
written to that directory by default. Note also that the parameter
netborder.infra.CallLogger.dateTimeDirectory is set to “true”. This indicates
that a sub-directory structure with a year, month, day and hour hierarchy will be
created under the directory specified by the Directory property.
The CALL_LOG_APPENDER is different from other appenders because it cannot
be attached to a logger at initialization time via a properties file. In fact, there is
one CALL_LOG_APPENDER for each call that takes place, thus the terminology
“dynamic appender”. For this reason, only code that has been specifically
instrumented for call logging can use this appender.

99 NetBorder Call Analyzer

Appendix C: Logging configuration

Syslog integration
Logging to syslog involves adding the REMOTE_SYSLOG_APPENDER to the
root logger and enabling network logging in syslogd.

Step 1: Add a Syslog appender

To use the remote syslog appender, you would amend the .properties file(s) as
follows:

log4cplus.rootLogger=WARN, REMOTE_SYSLOG_APPENDER
log4cplus.appender.REMOTE_SYSLOG_APPENDER=
netborder::RemoteSyslogAppender
log4cplus.appender.REMOTE_SYSLOG_APPENDER.layout=
log4cplus::PatternLayout
log4cplus.appender.REMOTE_SYSLOG_APPENDER.layout.ConversionPattern=
%D{%H:%M:%S:%%q} [%t] %p - %c : %m%n
log4cplus.appender.REMOTE_SYSLOG_APPENDER.Hostname=hostname
log4cplus.appender.REMOTE_SYSLOG_APPENDER.Port=514
log4cplus.appender.REMOTE_SYSLOG_APPENDER.Facility=8

The last two settings are optional and have default values of 514 and 8,
respectively: 514 is the default syslog Port, and the Facility property represents
the source of the message (8 stands for LOG_USER or random user-level
messages).

Step 2: Enable network logging in syslogd

To enable network logging in syslogd, you must make certain it is launched with
the -r option. This option will tell syslogd to accept logging messages from
remote hosts.

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 Appendix D: SIP response codes

Appendix D: SIP response codes

This appendix contains a list of SIP response codes you may encounter while
using the NetBorder Call Analyzer.
For a complete list of SIP response codes, refer to Section 21 of RFC 3261.
Typically, a server sends a SIP response to a client to indicate the status of a SIP
request that the client previously sent to the server. SIP responses are numbered
from 100 to 600, and grouped in classes as follows:
● 1XX: Indicates informational or provisional status, which should be
followed by another response.
● 2XX: Indicates successful processing of the SIP request.
● 3XX: Indicates that the SIP request needs to be redirected. Further action
needs to be taken in order to complete the request.
● 4XX: Indicates client error. The request either contains bad syntax or
cannot be fulfilled at this server.
● 5XX: Indicates server error. The server failed to fulfill an apparently valid
request.
● 6XX: Indicates global failure. The request cannot be fulfilled at any
server.

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Appendix D: SIP response codes

The following table contains the most frequent SIP response codes you will
encounter while using the NetBorder Call Analyzer.

SIP Response Codes

Response Response Explanation
Code Name
1XX
Provisional
100 Trying This response indicates that the request has
been received and that some unspecified action
is being taken on behalf of this call (for
example, a database is being consulted).
This response, like all other provisional
responses, stops retransmissions of an INVITE
by a UAC.
180 Ringing The UA receiving the INVITE is trying to alert the
user.
183 Session Progress This response is used to convey information
about the progress of the call that is not
otherwise classified.
The Reason-Phrase, header fields, or message
body MAY be used to convey more details about
the call progress.
2XX
Successful
200 OK The request has succeeded.
202 Accepted This response indicates that the request has
been accepted for processing, but the
processing has not been completed. The
request might or might not eventually be acted
upon, as it might be disallowed when processing
actually takes place. Used primarily for referrals.
4XX
Client-Error
404 Not found The phone number or extension included in the
INVITE or REFER URI is either badly formed or
unsupported/unreachable.
408 Request Timeout A connection failed to be reached within the
specified timeframe (no answer from remote
party).

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 Appendix D: SIP response codes

SIP Response Codes

Response Response Explanation
Code Name
480 Temporarily Unavailable The callee's end system was contacted
successfully but the callee is currently
unavailable (for example, is not logged in, is
logged in but in a state that precludes
communication with the callee, or has
activated the “do not disturb” feature).
The response MAY indicate a better time to call
in the Retry-After header field.
486 Busy Here The callee's end system was contacted
successfully, but the callee is busy (or currently
not willing or able to take additional calls at this
end system).
The response MAY indicate a better time to call
in the Retry-After header field.
488 Not Acceptable Here Same as 606 (“Not Acceptable”), but applies
only to the specific resource addressed by the
Request-URI. The request may succeed
elsewhere.
5XX
Server-Error
500 Internal Server Error An internal error has occurred.
503 Service Unavailable An error occurred at the physical level.
504 Server Timeout An “alerting” message was not received within
the allowable timeframe.
6XX
Global Failure
600 Busy Everywhere The callee's end system was contacted
successfully but the callee is busy and does not
wish to take the call at this time.
The response MAY indicate a better time to call
in the Retry-After header field. This status
response is returned only if the client knows
that no other end point (such as a voice mail
system) will answer the request.

103 NetBorder Call Analyzer

Appendix D: SIP response codes

SIP Response Codes

Response Response Explanation
Code Name
603 Decline The user dropped the call. Typically, this
happens when the callee hangs up before
media detection is complete.
It can also be caused by the maximum licensing
capacity being reached. Look for
603 Decline (Licensing capacity has been
reached)
in file: [NETBORDER_INSTALLDIR]/ logs/call-
analyzer-service.out
606 Not Acceptable The user's agent was contacted successfully but
some aspects of the session description, such
as the requested media, bandwidth, or
addressing style, were not acceptable.
This status response means that the user
wishes to communicate, but cannot adequately
support the session described.
The response MAY contain a list of reasons in a
Warning header field explaining why the session
described cannot be supported.

NetBorder Call Analyzer 104 Sangoma Technologies Inc.

 Appendix D: SIP response codes

Appendix E: Sample SIP messages

This appendix contains sample call flows, and an example of the SIP
messages received and generated by the NetBorder Call Analyzer in the
process of obtaining a NCA result.
This appendix contains the following topics:
● Sample call flows on page 106
● Sample SIP messages on page 108.

105 NetBorder Call Analyzer

Appendix E: Sample SIP messages

Sample call flows

A SIP transaction commences when a participant is invited to a call. The first
INVITE is sent with or without an SDP (Session Description Protocol) body.
In the context of a Contact Center, if the first INVITE contains an SDP, then a RE-
INVITE is sent by the dialer (or caller) with the SDP of an available agent. On the
other hand, if the first INVITE does not contain an SDP body, the ACK message
will contain the SDP of the agent.
The diagram below presents a scenario in which the first INVITE does not
contain an SDP body. Note that call progress analysis has been enabled ( cpd=on
).

Modified versions of the first SDP are labelled SDP2, SDP3, and so on.

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 Appendix E: Sample SIP messages

This second example depicts a sample call flow in which call progress analysis
has not been enabled, and the first INVITE contains an SDP body.

107 NetBorder Call Analyzer

Appendix E: Sample SIP messages

Sample SIP messages

This section presents an example of the SIP messages received and
generated by the NetBorder Call Analyzer in the process of obtaining a NCA
result.
Note that the NetBorder Call Analyzer sits in the middle between the caller
and the callee. Its role is the orchestration of the SIP messages between the
UAs involved.
>>> INVITE received by the caller

INVITE sip:[email protected]:5062;cpd=on SIP/2.0

Via: SIP/2.0/UDP
192.168.11.156:5060;branch=z9hG4bK233E73631D7A9A90B05D8C5A02983766;rport=5060
Max-Forwards: 70
Contact: <sip:[email protected]:5060;transport=udp>
To: <sip:[email protected]:5062>
From: "Name"<sip:Username@defaultproxy:5060>;tag=660A72622E4A7F9B9A839A2B8B9381FD
Call-ID: [email protected]:5062
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Session-Expires: 1800;refresher=uac
Content-Type: application/sdp
Supported: timer, replaces
User-Agent: Kapanga Softphone Desktop 1.00/2163e+1161886252_001372BDBCE2
Content-Length: 323

v=0
o=Username 1190134451 1190750689 IN IP4 192.168.11.156
s=Kapanga [1190134451]
c=IN IP4 192.168.11.156
t=0 0
m=audio 5562 RTP/AVP 8 0 101
a=rtpmap:8 pcma/8000
a=sendrecv
a=silenceSupp:off - - -
a=rtcp:5563
a=maxptime:20
a=ptime:20
a=rtpmap:0 pcmu/8000
a=rtpmap:101 telephone-event/8000
a=fmtp:101 0-15,36

<<< 100 Trying sent to the caller

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 Appendix E: Sample SIP messages

SIP/2.0 100 Trying

Via: SIP/2.0/UDP
192.168.11.156:5060;branch=z9hG4bK233E73631D7A9A90B05D8C5A02983766;rport=5060
To: <sip:[email protected]:5062>;tag=0f7fe217
From: "Your Long
Name"<sip:Username@defaultproxy:5060>;tag=660A72622E4A7F9B9A839A2B8B9381FD
Call-ID: [email protected]:5062
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 0

<<< INVITE sent to the callee with the SDP of NetBorder

INVITE sip:[email protected]:5061 SIP/2.0

Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.168.11.156:5062;branch=z9hG4bK-d87543-170fcc611560b358-1---
d87543-;rport
Max-Forwards: 70
Contact: <sip:[email protected]:5062>
To: <sip:[email protected]:5061>
From: "Paraxip NetBorder"<sip:[email protected]:5062>;tag=ee58eb5f
Call-ID: MzBhM2M2MmQ1NzVkZTFkZDhjY2FjYWNiNTQ4ZTJkMDE.
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Allow: INVITE, ACK, CANCEL, OPTIONS, BYE, INFO
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: 193

v=0
o=- 1190750690 1190750690 IN IP4 192.168.11.156
s=Paraxip Media Session
c=IN IP4 192.168.11.156
t=0 0
m=audio 9000 RTP/AVP 0 8
a=recvonly
a=rtpmap:0 PCMU/8000
a=rtpmap:8 PCMA/8000

>>> 100 Trying received from the callee

SIP/2.0 100 Trying

Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.168.11.156:5062;branch=z9hG4bK-d87543-170fcc611560b358-1---
d87543-;rport=5062
Contact: sip:[email protected]:5062;transport=udp
To: <sip:[email protected]:5062>;tag=ds-6784-8b3c33d9
From: "Paraxip NetBorder"<sip:[email protected]:5062>;tag=ee58eb5f
Call-ID: MzBhM2M2MmQ1NzVkZTFkZDhjY2FjYWNiNTQ4ZTJkMDE.
CSeq: 1 INVITE

109 NetBorder Call Analyzer

Appendix E: Sample SIP messages

Server: Paraxip Gateway/2.2.0

Content-Length: 0

>>> 180 Ringing received from callee (with SDP, then in early media mode)

SIP/2.0 180 Ringing

Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.168.11.156:5062;branch=z9hG4bK-d87543-170fcc611560b358-1---
d87543-;rport=5062
Contact: sip:[email protected]:5061;transport=udp
To: <sip:[email protected]:5061>;tag=ds-6784-8b3c33d9
From: "Paraxip NetBorder"<sip:[email protected]:5062>;tag=ee58eb5f
Call-ID: MzBhM2M2MmQ1NzVkZTFkZDhjY2FjYWNiNTQ4ZTJkMDE.
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Type: application/sdp
Server: Paraxip Gateway/2.2.0
Content-Length: 180

v=0
o=Paraxip-Tech 1190750737 1190750737 IN IP4 192.168.11.103
s=SIP Call
c=IN IP4 192.168.11.103
t=0 0
m=audio 49152 RTP/AVP 0
a=rtpmap:0 pcmu/8000
a=ptime:20
a=sendonly

<<< 180 Ringing sent back to the caller

SIP/2.0 180 Ringing

Via: SIP/2.0/UDP
192.168.11.156:5060;branch=z9hG4bK233E73631D7A9A90B05D8C5A02983766;rport=5060
Contact: "Paraxip NetBorder"<sip:[email protected]:5062>
To: <sip:[email protected]:5061>;tag=0f7fe217
From: "Name"<sip:Username@defaultproxy:5060>;tag=660A72622E4A7F9B9A839A2B8B9381FD
Call-ID: [email protected]:5062
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 0

>>> 200 OK received from the callee (callee answer)

SIP/2.0 200 Ok
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.168.11.156:5062;branch=z9hG4bK-d87543-170fcc611560b358-1---
d87543-;rport=5062
Contact: sip:[email protected]:5061;transport=udp
To: <sip:[email protected]:5061>;tag=ds-6784-8b3c33d9

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 Appendix E: Sample SIP messages

From: "Paraxip NetBorder"<sip:[email protected]:5062>;tag=ee58eb5f

Call-ID: MzBhM2M2MmQ1NzVkZTFkZDhjY2FjYWNiNTQ4ZTJkMDE.
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Type: application/sdp
Server: Paraxip Gateway/2.2.0
Content-Length: 180

v=0
o=Paraxip-Tech 1190750737 1190750738 IN IP4 192.168.11.103
s=SIP Call
c=IN IP4 192.168.11.103
t=0 0
m=audio 49152 RTP/AVP 0
a=rtpmap:0 pcmu/8000
a=ptime:20
a=sendonly

<<< ACK sent to the callee for the 200 OK

ACK sip:[email protected]:5061;transport=udp SIP/2.0

Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.168.11.156:5062;branch=z9hG4bK-d87543-f32cda4907194b6b-1---
d87543-;rport
Max-Forwards: 70
Contact: <sip:[email protected]:5062>
To: <sip:[email protected]:5061>;tag=ds-6784-8b3c33d9
From: "Paraxip NetBorder"<sip:[email protected]:5062>;tag=ee58eb5f
Call-ID: MzBhM2M2MmQ1NzVkZTFkZDhjY2FjYWNiNTQ4ZTJkMDE.
CSeq: 1 ACK
Content-Length: 0

<<< RE-INVITE sent to the callee with the caller SDP

INVITE sip:[email protected]:5061;transport=udp SIP/2.0

Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.168.11.156:5062;branch=z9hG4bK-d87543-6964a8270b272a38-1---
d87543-;rport
Max-Forwards: 70
Contact: <sip:[email protected]:5062>
To: <sip:[email protected]:5061>;tag=ds-6784-8b3c33d9
From: "Paraxip NetBorder"<sip:[email protected]:5062>;tag=ee58eb5f
Call-ID: MzBhM2M2MmQ1NzVkZTFkZDhjY2FjYWNiNTQ4ZTJkMDE.
CSeq: 2 INVITE
Allow: INVITE, ACK, CANCEL, OPTIONS, BYE, INFO
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: 323

v=0

111 NetBorder Call Analyzer

Appendix E: Sample SIP messages

o=Username 1190134451 1190750689 IN IP4 192.168.11.156

s=Kapanga [1190134451]
c=IN IP4 192.168.11.156
t=0 0
m=audio 5562 RTP/AVP 8 0 101
a=fmtp:101 0-15,36
a=maxptime:20
a=ptime:20
a=rtcp:5563
a=rtpmap:8 pcma/8000
a=rtpmap:0 pcmu/8000
a=rtpmap:101 telephone-event/8000
a=sendrecv
a=silenceSupp:off - - -

>>> 200 OK received by the callee for the RE-INVITE

SIP/2.0 200 Ok
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.168.11.156:5062;branch=z9hG4bK-d87543-6964a8270b272a38-1---
d87543-;rport=5062
Contact: sip:[email protected]:5061;transport=udp
To: <sip:[email protected]:5061>;tag=ds-6784-8b3c33d9
From: "Paraxip NetBorder"<sip:[email protected]:5062>;tag=ee58eb5f
Call-ID: MzBhM2M2MmQ1NzVkZTFkZDhjY2FjYWNiNTQ4ZTJkMDE.
CSeq: 2 INVITE
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: 236

v=0
o=Paraxip-Tech 1190750737 1190750739 IN IP4 192.168.11.103
s=SIP Call
c=IN IP4 192.168.11.103
t=0 0
m=audio 49152 RTP/AVP 0 101
a=rtpmap:0 pcmu/8000
a=rtpmap:101 telephone-event/8000
a=fmtp:101 0-16
a=ptime:20
a=sendrecv

<<< ACK sent to the callee

ACK sip:[email protected]:5061;transport=udp SIP/2.0

Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.168.11.156:5062;branch=z9hG4bK-d87543-60077a36f9536001-1---
d87543-;rport
Max-Forwards: 70

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 Appendix E: Sample SIP messages

Contact: <sip:[email protected]:5062>
To: <sip:[email protected]:5061>;tag=ds-6784-8b3c33d9
From: "Paraxip NetBorder"<sip:[email protected]:5062>;tag=ee58eb5f
Call-ID: MzBhM2M2MmQ1NzVkZTFkZDhjY2FjYWNiNTQ4ZTJkMDE.
CSeq: 2 ACK
Content-Length: 0

<<< 200 OK sent to the caller (answer the call) with the callee SDP

SIP/2.0 200 OK
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP
192.168.11.156:5060;branch=z9hG4bK233E73631D7A9A90B05D8C5A02983766;rport=5060
Contact: "Paraxip NetBorder"<sip:[email protected]:5062>
To: <sip:[email protected]:5061>;tag=0f7fe217
From: "Your Long
Name"<sip:Username@defaultproxy:5060>;tag=660A72622E4A7F9B9A839A2B8B9381FD
Call-ID: [email protected]:5062
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Allow: INVITE, ACK, CANCEL, OPTIONS, BYE, INFO
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: 236
CPD-Result: Voice

v=0
o=Paraxip-Tech 1190750737 1190750739 IN IP4 192.168.11.103
s=SIP Call
c=IN IP4 192.168.11.103
t=0 0
m=audio 49152 RTP/AVP 0 101
a=fmtp:101 0-16
a=ptime:20
a=rtpmap:0 pcmu/8000
a=rtpmap:101 telephone-event/8000
a=sendrecv

>>> ACK received from caller for the 200 OK

ACK sip:[email protected]:5062 SIP/2.0

Via: SIP/2.0/UDP
192.168.11.156:5060;branch=z9hG4bK22EF4C58F79F7D3085BE267479EE0877;rport=5060
Max-Forwards: 70
Contact: <sip:[email protected]:5060;transport=udp>
To: <sip:[email protected]:5061>;tag=0f7fe217
From: "Your Long
Name"<sip:Username@defaultproxy:5060>;tag=660A72622E4A7F9B9A839A2B8B9381FD
Call-ID: [email protected]:5062

113 NetBorder Call Analyzer

Appendix E: Sample SIP messages

CSeq: 1 ACK
User-Agent: Kapanga Softphone Desktop 1.00/2163e+1161886252_001372BDBCE2
Content-Length: 0

>>> BYE received from the callee

BYE sip:[email protected]:5062;transport=udp SIP/2.0

Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.168.11.103:5061;branch=z9hG4bKb40d23cb-6ba2-11dc-a6a1-9f96e950026a
Max-Forwards: 70
Contact: <sip:192.168.11.103:5061;transport=udp>
To: "Paraxip NetBorder"<sip:[email protected]:5062>;tag=ee58eb5f
From: <sip:[email protected]:5061>;tag=ds-6784-8b3c33d9
Call-ID: MzBhM2M2MmQ1NzVkZTFkZDhjY2FjYWNiNTQ4ZTJkMDE.
CSeq: 2 BYE
Content-Length: 0

<<< 200 OK sent to the callee for the BYE

SIP/2.0 200 OK
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.168.11.103:5061;branch=z9hG4bKb40d23cb-6ba2-11dc-a6a1-9f96e950026a
Contact: <sip:[email protected]:5062>
To: "Paraxip NetBorder"<sip:[email protected]:5062>;tag=ee58eb5f
From: <sip:[email protected]:5061>;tag=ds-6784-8b3c33d9
Call-ID: MzBhM2M2MmQ1NzVkZTFkZDhjY2FjYWNiNTQ4ZTJkMDE.
CSeq: 2 BYE
Content-Length: 0

>>> BYE sent to the caller

BYE sip:[email protected]:5060;transport=udp SIP/2.0

Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 127.0.0.1:5062;branch=z9hG4bK-d87543-9457d20c5602cd16-1---d87543-;rport
Max-Forwards: 70
Contact: "Paraxip NetBorder"<sip:[email protected]:5062>
To: "Your Long
Name"<sip:Username@defaultproxy:5060>;tag=660A72622E4A7F9B9A839A2B8B9381FD
From: <sip:[email protected]:5061>;tag=0f7fe217
Call-ID: [email protected]:5062
CSeq: 2 BYE
Content-Length: 0

<<< 200 OK received from the caller for the BYE

SIP/2.0 200 OK
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 127.0.0.1:5062;branch=z9hG4bK-d87543-9457d20c5602cd16-1---
d87543-;received=192.168.11.156
Contact: <sip:[email protected]:5060;transport=udp>

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 Appendix E: Sample SIP messages

To: "Your Long

Name"<sip:Username@defaultproxy:5060>;tag=660A72622E4A7F9B9A839A2B8B9381FD
From: <sip:[email protected]:5061>;tag=0f7fe217
Call-ID: [email protected]:5062
CSeq: 2 BYE
Supported: timer, replaces
User-Agent: Kapanga Softphone Desktop 1.00/2163e+1161886252_001372BDBCE2
Content-Length: 0

115 NetBorder Call Analyzer