CHANAKYA CLASSES

𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝟑 𝒅𝒚
1.Find the sum of the order and the degree of the differential equation: 𝒅𝒙𝟐 + √𝒅𝒙 + (𝟏 + 𝒙) = 𝟎.
𝟐
dy 𝟑 𝒅𝟐 𝒚
2.If 𝒎 and 𝒏 are the order and degree, respectively of the differential equation 𝒚 (dx ) + 𝒙𝟑 ( dx𝟐 ) − xy = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙, then
write the value of 𝒎 + 𝒏.
𝟐
𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚 𝟐
3.Find the product of the order and degree of the following differential equation: 𝒙 (𝒅𝒙𝟐) + (𝒅𝒙) + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟎.
𝒃 𝒅𝒚 𝒃
4.Can 𝒚 = 𝒂𝒙 + 𝒂 be a solution of the differential equation 𝒚 = 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 + 𝒅𝒚 ? If no, then solve it.
( )
𝒅𝒙

5.Solve the given differential equation: √𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 𝒅𝒙 + 𝒙𝒚𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎.

𝒅𝒚
6.Write the general solution of differential equation 𝒆𝒚−𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟏.
𝒅𝒚
7.Find the general solution of the D.E 𝐥𝐨𝐠 (𝒅𝒙) = 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 given that 𝒚 = 𝟎 when 𝒙 = 𝟎.
8.Solve the D.E (𝒙 + 𝒚)(𝒅𝒙 − 𝒅𝒚) = 𝒅𝒙 + 𝒅𝒚.
9.At any point (𝒙, 𝒚) of a curve, the slope of the tangent is twice the slope of the line segment joining the point of
contact to the point (−𝟒, −𝟑). Find the equation of the curve given that it passes through (−𝟐, 𝟏).
𝒅𝒚 𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐
10.Show that the family of curves for which 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟐𝒙𝒚
, is given by 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒄𝒙.
𝒙 𝒙
𝒙
11.Solve the differential equation (𝟏 + 𝒆𝒚 ) 𝒅𝒙 + 𝒆𝒚 (𝟏 − 𝒚) 𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎, (𝒙 ≠ 𝟎)
𝒅𝒚
12.Solve the differential equation: 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 + 𝒚 − 𝒙 + 𝒙𝒚 𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝒙 = 𝟎; 𝒙 ≠ 𝟎.

Solutions
3
𝑑2 𝑦 3 𝑑𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦 3 𝑑𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
1.Sol: Given D.E: 2 +
√ + (1 + 𝑥) = 0 ⇒ 2 + (1 + 𝑥) = −√ ⇒( 2 + (1 + 𝑥)) = −
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑2 𝑦
The highest order derivative present in the differential equation is , so its order is 2.
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦
It is a polynomial equation in 𝑑𝑥 2 and 𝑑𝑥 and the highest power raised to 𝑑𝑥 2 is 3, so its degree is 3.
Therefore, order and degree here are 2 and 3 respectively. Therefore, their required sum is 5.
2
dy 3 𝑑2 𝑦
2.Sol: Given D.E: 𝑦 (dx ) + 𝑥 3 ( dx2 ) − xy = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
𝑑2 𝑦
The highest order derivative present in the differential equation is , so its order is 2.
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦
It is a polynomial equation in 𝑑𝑥 2 and 𝑑𝑥 and the highest power raised to 𝑑𝑥 2 is 2, so its degree is 2.

Therefore, order and degree of the given differential equation are 2 and 2 respectively.
Therefore, the required sum is 𝑚 + 𝑛 = 2 + 2 = 4.
2
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 2
3.Sol: Given D.E: 𝑥 (𝑑𝑥 2 ) + (𝑑𝑥 ) + 𝑦 2 = 0
𝑑2 𝑦
The highest order derivative present in the differential equation is , so its order is 2.
𝑑𝑥 2
 CHANAKYA CLASSES
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦
It is a polynomial equation in 𝑑𝑥 2 and 𝑑𝑥 and the highest power raised to 𝑑𝑥 2 is 2, so its degree is 2.

Therefore, order and degree of the given differential equation are 2 and 2 respectively.
Therefore, the required product is 2 × 2 = 4.
𝑏
4.Sol: Here 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑎 …(i)
𝑑𝑦
On differentiating both sides w.r.t ‘𝑥’, we get: 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎
𝑑𝑦 𝑏
Replacing value of ‘𝑎’ in (i), we get: 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦 .
𝑑𝑥

𝑏 𝑑𝑦 𝑏
Thus, 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑎 is a solution of the following differential equation 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦 .
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
5.Sol: Given√1 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 + 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 0 ⇒ √(1 + 𝑥 2 )(1 + 𝑦 2 ) + 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 0
√1+𝑥 2 𝑦 1 2𝑦
Integrating both sides, we get: ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑦 = 0 ⇒ 𝐼1 + 2 ∫ 𝑑𝑦 = 0. . . (𝑖)
𝑥 √1+𝑦 2 √1+𝑦 2

√1+𝑥 2 𝑡𝑑𝑡
Consider 𝐼1 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝑃𝑢𝑡 𝑥 2 + 1 = 𝑡 2 ⇒ 𝑑𝑥 = √𝑡 2
𝑥 −1
𝑡 𝑡 𝑡2 1 1 𝑡−1
∴ 𝐼1 = ∫ √𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡 ⇒ 𝐼1 = ∫ 𝑡 2 −1 𝑑𝑡 ⇒ 𝐼1 = ∫ (1 + 𝑡 2 −1) 𝑑𝑡 ⇒ 𝐼1 = 𝑡 + 2 𝑙𝑜𝑔 |𝑡+1|
−1 √𝑡 2 −1

1 √𝑥 2 + 1 − 1
⇒ 𝐼1 = √𝑥 2 + 1 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 | |
2 √𝑥 2 + 1 + 1
1 √𝑥 2 +1−1 1
Substituting the value of I1 in (i), we get: √𝑥 2 + 1 + 2 𝑙𝑜𝑔 |√𝑥 2 | + 2 [2√1 + 𝑦 2 ] = 𝐶
+1+1

1 √1+𝑥 2 −1
∴ 2 𝑙𝑜𝑔 |√1+𝑥 2 | + √1 + 𝑥 2 + √1 + 𝑦 2 = 𝐶 is the required solution.
+1

𝑑𝑦 𝑒 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
6.Sol: We have𝑒 𝑦−𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 1 ⇒ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 1

Integrating both sides, we get: ∫ 𝑒 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ⇒ 𝑒 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑘

Therefore, 𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 𝑦 = 𝐶, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐶 = −𝑘, is the required general solution.

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
7.Sol: We have log (𝑑𝑥 ) = 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 ⇒ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 3𝑥+4𝑦 ⇒ 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑒 3𝑥 𝑒 4𝑦 𝑑𝑥
1 𝑒 −4𝑦 𝑒 3𝑥
Integrating both sides, we get: ∫ 𝑒 4𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑒 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ⇒ ∫ 𝑒 −4𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑒 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ⇒ = +𝐶
−4 3

∴ 3𝑒 −4𝑦 + 4𝑒 3𝑥 + 12𝐶 = 0 or ∴ 3𝑒 −4𝑦 + 4𝑒 3𝑥 = 𝑘, where 𝑘 = −12𝐶

Substituting 𝑦 = 0 and 𝑥 = 0, we get: 3𝑒 −4(0) + 4𝑒 3(0) = 𝑘 ⇒ 𝑘 = 3 + 4 ⇒ 𝑘 = 7
Therefore, the particular solution of the given D.E is 3𝑒 −4𝑦 + 4𝑒 3𝑥 = 7 ⇒ 3𝑒 −4𝑦 + 4𝑒 3𝑥 − 7 = 0
8.Sol: We have(𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑑𝑥 − 𝑑𝑦) = 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦 ⇒ (𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 − (𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦
⇒ 𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦𝑑𝑦 − 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑑𝑦 = 0 ⇒ (𝑥 + 𝑦 − 1)𝑑𝑥 − (𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1)𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑦 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 1
⇒ (𝑥 + 𝑦 − 1)𝑑𝑥 = (𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1)𝑑𝑦 ⇒ = … … (𝑖)
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1
 CHANAKYA CLASSES
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑡
Put 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑡. Then, 1 + 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥 ⇒ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥 − 1
𝑑𝑡 𝑡−1 𝑑𝑡 𝑡−1 𝑑𝑡 𝑡−1+𝑡+1 𝑑𝑡 2𝑡 𝑡+1
Now the given D.E (i) becomes: 𝑑𝑥 − 1 = 𝑡+1 ⇒ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑡+1 + 1 ⇒ 𝑑𝑥 = ⇒ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑡+1 ⇒ 𝑑𝑡 = 2𝑑𝑥
𝑡+1 𝑡
𝑡+1 1
⇒∫ 𝑑𝑡 = 2 ∫ 1𝑑𝑥 ⇒ ∫ (1 + 𝑡 ) 𝑑𝑡 = 2 ∫ 1𝑑𝑥 ⇒ (𝑡 + log 𝑡) = 2𝑥 + log 𝐶
𝑡
𝑥+𝑦
⇒ 𝑥 + 𝑦 + log(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 2𝑥 + log 𝐶 ⇒ log(𝑥 + 𝑦) − log 𝐶 = 𝑥 − 𝑦 ⇒ log ( )=𝑥−𝑦
𝐶
𝑥+𝑦
⇒ = 𝑒 (𝑥−𝑦) ∴ 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝐶𝑒 (𝑥−𝑦)
𝐶

Therefore, 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝐶𝑒 (𝑥−𝑦) is the required general solution.

9.Sol: Let𝑃(𝑥, 𝑦) be any point on the required curve.
According to the question, Slope of the tangent at any point 𝑃(𝑥, 𝑦) of
the required curve = 2{Slope of the line joining the point of contact 𝑃(𝑥, 𝑦) to
the given point 𝐴(−4, −3)}
𝑑𝑦 𝑦−(−3) 𝑑𝑦 2(𝑦+3) 1 2
I.e., ⇒ 𝑑𝑥 = 2 {𝑥−(−4)} ⇒ 𝑑𝑥 = ⇒ 𝑦+3 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑥+4 𝑑𝑥
𝑥+4
1 1
Integrating both sides, we get: ∫ 𝑦+3 𝑑𝑦 = 2 ∫ 𝑥+4 𝑑𝑥

⇒ log|𝑦 + 3| = 2 log|𝑥 + 4| + log 𝐶 ⇒ log|𝑦 + 3| − log|(𝑥 + 4)2 | = log 𝐶

𝑦+3 𝑦+3
⇒ log | | = log 𝐶 ⇒ = 𝐶 … … (𝑖)
(𝑥 + 4)2 ( 𝑥 + 4)2
1+3
Since equ. (i) is passing through the point (−2,1), so (−2+4)2 = 𝐶 ⇒ 𝐶 = 1
𝑦+3
Hence the required curve is (𝑥+4)2 = 1 ⇒ 𝑦 + 3 = (𝑥 + 4)2 .
𝑦2 𝑦 2
𝑑𝑦 𝑥 2+𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 1+ 2 1+( )
𝑥 𝑥
10.We have𝑑𝑥 = ⇒ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑦 = 𝑦 … … (𝑖)
2𝑥𝑦 2 2( )
𝑥 𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣
Clearly equation (i) is homogeneous differential equation. So, put 𝑣𝑥 = 𝑦 ⇒ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑣 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 .
𝑑𝑣 𝑥 2 +𝑣 2 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑣 1+𝑣 2 1−𝑣 2
So, 𝑣 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ⇒ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = −𝑣=
2𝑣𝑥 2 2𝑣 2𝑣
2𝑣 𝑑𝑥
Integrating on both sides, we get: ∫ 1−𝑣 2 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ ⇒ − 𝑙𝑜𝑔|1 − 𝑣 2 | = 𝑙𝑜𝑔|𝑥 | + 𝑙𝑜𝑔|𝑘|
𝑥

1 1 𝑥2 𝑥2 𝑥 1
⇒ 𝑙𝑜𝑔 | | = 𝑙𝑜𝑔|𝑥𝑘| ⇒ 𝑙𝑜𝑔 | | |
2 | = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥𝑘 ⇒ | | = | 𝑥𝑘 | ⇒ = , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒
1 − 𝑣2 𝑦 2
𝑥 −𝑦 2 2
𝑥 −𝑦 2 𝑐 𝑐
1 − (𝑥 )

= ±𝑘
That is, 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 = 𝑐𝑥.
 CHANAKYA CLASSES 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝑥 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
11.Sol: Wehave (1 + 𝑒 𝑦 ) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑦 (1 − 𝑦 ) 𝑑𝑦 = 0 ⇒ (1 + 𝑒 𝑦 ) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑦 (𝑦 − 1) 𝑑𝑦 ⇒ 𝑑𝑦 =
𝑥
𝑥
𝑒 𝑦 ( −1)
𝑦
𝑦 … … (𝑖)
1+𝑒 𝑥
𝜆𝑥 𝑥
𝜆𝑥 𝑥
𝜆𝑥 𝑒 𝜆𝑦 ( −1) 𝑒 𝑦 ( −1) 𝑥
𝜆𝑦 𝑦
Put 𝑥 = 𝜆𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝜆𝑦 then, 𝑓 (𝜆𝑦 ) = 𝜆𝑥 = 𝑥 = 𝑓 (𝑦 )
(1+𝑒 𝜆𝑦 ) (1+𝑒 𝑦)

𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑣
Clearly equation (i) is homogeneous differential equation. So, put 𝑣𝑦 = 𝑥 ⇒ =𝑣+𝑦 .
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦

𝑑𝑣 𝑒 𝑣 (𝑣−1) 𝑑𝑣 𝑒 𝑣 (𝑣−1) 𝑑𝑣 𝑒 𝑣 𝑣−𝑒 𝑣 −𝑣−𝑣𝑒 𝑣

∴ 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 (𝑖): 𝑣 + 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = ⇒ 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = − 𝑣 ⇒ 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 =
1+𝑒 𝑣 1+𝑒 𝑣 1+𝑒 𝑣

𝑑𝑣 −𝑒 𝑣 −𝑣 1+𝑒 𝑣 1
⇒ 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = (1+𝑒 𝑣 ) ⇒ 𝑣+𝑒 𝑣 𝑑𝑣 = − 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
1+𝑒 𝑣 1
Integrating on both sides, we get: ∫ 𝑣+𝑒 𝑣 𝑑𝑣 = − ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 ⇒ log|𝑣 + 𝑒 𝑣 | = − log|𝑦| + log 𝐶
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝑥 𝐶 𝑥 𝐶
⇒ log |𝑦 + 𝑒 𝑦 | = log |𝑦 | ⇒ 𝑦 + 𝑒 𝑦 = ± 𝑦 ⇒ 𝑥 + 𝑦𝑒 𝑦 = ±𝐶 ⇒ 𝑥 + 𝑦𝑒 𝑦 = 𝑘, 𝐻𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑘 = ±𝐶

Which is the required general solution.

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 1
12.Sol: Here 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥 = 0; 𝑥 ≠ 0 ⇒ 𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥) 𝑦 = 1
𝑑𝑦 1
This is in the form of 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑃(𝑥 )𝑦 = 𝑄 (𝑥 ) 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥 , 𝑄(𝑥) = 1
1
Now I.F. 𝑒 ∫(𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥+𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
So, the required solution is, 𝑦(𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥) = ∫ 1 × 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑑
⇒ 𝑦(𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥) = 𝑥 ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ (𝑑𝑥 (𝑥) ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶

⇒ 𝑦(𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥) = 𝑥(− 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥) + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 + 𝐶 or, 𝑥𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 − 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + 𝐶.