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Hierarchies in Self-Organized Institutions
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Hierarchies in Self-Organized Institutions
Introduction
In self-organized institutions, the existence of hierarchies has been a topic of interest
and debate. Even in democratically constituted states, hierarchies are prevalent. This paper
aims to explore the justification for the presence of hierarchies in self-organized institutions,
with a specific focus on the article "On the origins of informal hierarchy: The interactive role
of formal leadership and task complexity" by Oedzes, J. J., Van der Vegt, G. S., Rink, F. A.,
& Walter, F. (2019). Additionally, it will discuss whether democratically organized
companies can truly be free of hierarchies.
Justification for Hierarchies in Self-Organized Institutions
The article by Oedzes et al. (2019) sheds light on the origins of informal hierarchy
within self-organized institutions. It explores the interactive role of formal leadership and
task complexity in shaping the emergence of hierarchies. The authors argue that in complex
tasks, individuals naturally seek guidance and direction from those with formal leadership
positions. This need for guidance and coordination in complex tasks leads to the emergence
of informal hierarchies, even within self-organized institutions.
The study conducted by Oedzes et al. (2019) provides empirical evidence supporting
the presence of hierarchies in self-organized institutions. Through experiments and surveys,
they found that individuals tend to rely on those with formal leadership roles to provide
direction and support in complex tasks. This reliance on formal leaders establishes an
informal hierarchy where individuals voluntarily follow the guidance of those in higher
positions.
Furthermore, the authors suggest that informal hierarchies are not inherently negative
but can actually enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of self-organized institutions. When
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individuals recognize the expertise and capabilities of formal leaders, they willingly accept
their guidance and decision-making authority. This voluntary acceptance of leadership
contributes to the smooth functioning of self-organized institutions, as it ensures
coordination, cooperation, and task accomplishment.
However, it is important to note that the presence of hierarchies does not necessarily
imply a lack of democracy within self-organized institutions. Democracy can coexist with
hierarchies, as long as decision-making processes remain inclusive and participatory. In
democratically organized companies, individuals have the opportunity to voice their opinions,
participate in decision-making, and hold leaders accountable. While hierarchies may exist
based on expertise and task delegation, democratic principles can ensure fairness and
transparency within the organization.
Can Democratically Organized Companies be Free of Hierarchies?
Despite the potential coexistence of hierarchies and democracy, it is challenging for
democratically organized companies to be completely free of hierarchies. Hierarchies
naturally emerge in situations of complexity, where individuals seek guidance and
coordination. Even in the absence of formal leadership positions, individuals with expertise
and experience may naturally assume leadership roles within specific domains or tasks.
Moreover, the need for efficiency and effectiveness in decision-making often requires
delegating responsibilities to individuals or teams, which inherently establishes a hierarchical
structure. While these hierarchies may not be as rigid or formalized as in traditional
organizations, they still exist in some form.
In conclusion, hierarchies are prevalent in self-organized institutions, including
democratically organized companies. The article by Oedzes et al. (2019) provides insights
into the justification for the existence of hierarchies, emphasizing the interactive role of
formal leadership and task complexity. While hierarchies may naturally emerge, it is essential
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for democratically organized companies to uphold democratic principles, ensuring
inclusivity, participation, and accountability. By striking a balance between hierarchy and
democracy, self-organized institutions can effectively navigate complex tasks while
maintaining fairness and transparency.
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References
Oedzes, J. J., Van der Vegt, G. S., Rink, F. A., & Walter, F. (2019). On the origins of
informal hierarchy: The interactive role of formal leadership and task complexity.
Journal of Applied Psychology, 104(8), 1043-1059.
