Al-Hussein Bin Talal University

Electrical Engineering Department

Electrical Machines Lab.
Experiment No. 3: Loaded Single Phase Transformer
Prepared by: Dr. Mahmoud Alnaanah. Last Update: 4. Jan. 2023

Objectives
To find the voltage regulation and the efficiency of a loaded single phase transformer.

Theory
Step-up and step-down transformer
A transformer is called a step-up transformer when the secondary voltage is higher than the primary
voltage, and it is called a step-down transformer when the secondary voltage is lower than the primary
voltage.

Voltage regulation
The voltage regulation of a transformer is defined as the rise in the unloaded secondary voltage expressed
as a fraction of full load rated voltage, or:
V No Load −V Full Load
Voltage Regulation(VR)= ×100 %
V FullLoad

Transformer efficiency
Transformer efficiency is defined as the output power divided by the input power, or:
Output Power Output Power
Efficiency=η= =
Input Power Output Power + Losses

Calculating current limits for the transformer

It is important that the current in the transformer does not exceed the rated value when only part of its
winding is utilized.
For example, the 1-phase transformer used in the experiment has apparent power ( S ) of 500 VA,
therefore.
S=V Primary I Primary
S 500
⇒ I Primary = = =1.316 A
V Primary 380

also
S=V Secondary I Secondary
S 500
⇒ I Secondary = = =2.273 A
V Secondary 220

If only 220 V of the primary side is connected and 110 V of the secondary side is connected then the new
S value will be reduced according to the minimum voltage ratio in the primary and secondary (which is
110/220 on the secondary), therefore the new value of S is 250. New current rating must be calculated
according the new S as follows:
Page (1/4)
 S New =V Primary I Primary
S 250
⇒ I Primary = New = =1.136 A
V Primary 220

S New =V Secondary I Secondary

S New 250 , which is the same as the old current.
⇒ I Secondary = = =2.273 A
V Secondary 110

Procedure
1. Open circuit and short circuit tests:
1. Be sure the the voltage supply is set to 0V.
2. Connect the 220V side of the transformer through the measuring device to the power supply
and leave the 110V secondary side open-circuited.
3. Increase the voltage source until the rated voltage is applied on the primary side.
4. Fill the values of voltage, current and power in Table 1 and reduce the supply voltage to 0.

Table 1: Measured values for the open circuit test

V(in) I(in) P(in)

5. Make the secondary 110V part short-circuited.

6. Carefully increase the voltage source until the rated current pass through the primary side.
7. Fill the values of voltage, current and power in Table 2 and reduce the supply voltage to 0.

Table 2: Measured values for the short circuit test

V(in) I(in) P(in)

2. Connect the 110V side of the transformer to a resistivity load. Connect the measuring devices in
order to measure V input , I input , Pinput , V output . I output , and Poutput .

3. Set the input voltage to 220V and set the connected load to zero ( i.e. I output =0 ).

4. Measure V input , I input , Pinput , and V output . Fill the measured values in table 3

Table 3: Measured values for the unloaded transformer

V(in) I(in) P(in) V(out)

Page (2/4)
 5. Increase the load (i.e. the current) by setting the resistive load on position 7. Measure V input ,
I input , Pinput , V output , I output , and Poutput . Fill the measured values in Table 4. The input voltage
from the supply will slightly decrease, adjust it to remain 220V.

Table 4: Measured values for the loaded transformer

V(in) I(in) P(in) V(out) I(out) P(out)

6. Reduce the voltage of the power supply and turn it off.

Report
Provide a report for the experiment and present the following in it:
1. Draw the connection for the loaded transformer on the figure in the last page.
2. Provide the measured values in Tables: 1, 2, 3, 4.
3. Show the equivalent circuit of the transformer referred to the primary side, calculate its parameters
and fill in Table 5. Show your calculations.

Table 5: Calculated values of the transformer equivalent circuit

Req X eq RC XM

4. From the measured values, find the voltage regulation and the efficiency of the transformer and
fill them in Table 6. Show your calculations.
5. From the measured values, find the value of the load resistance Rload .

6. Using the equivalent circuit of the transformer and given the value of V input , and Rload calculate
the voltage regulation and the efficiency of the transformer. Show your calculations and fill the
values in Table 6.

Table 6: The measured and calculated values of voltage regulation and efficiency
Voltage regulation Efficiency
Measured
Calculated
Percentage Error

7. Find the percentage error (defined below) between the measured and the calculated values and fill
in Table 6.

Percentage error= |Calculated− Measured

Calculated
×100 %|

8. What is the efficiency and voltage regulation for ideal transformer.

Page (3/4)
 Th1
a 200V . 8A 200V . 10A
0÷430V . 5A
off stop
0÷430V . 5A b 0÷240V . 8A 0÷240V . 10A
0÷225V . 1A
MAINS MAINS 40 60 on
O 1 1 1 off 40 60
start
O 1 a b
O 20 80
O O 20

0 100%

0 100% L1 L2 L3 L+ L+ L-
K1 L1 L2 L3 N L1 L2 L3 L-
DL 1 0 1 3 M2
DE LORENZO

DE L ORE N ZO E L E CTRI CAL P OWE R DI GI TA L ME AS U RI N G U N I T

DL 1 0 0 6 5 N

R1 R1

RS485 L+ L- L1 L2 L3 N RS485

IN

PE L+ L- ! L1 L2 L3 N
OUT

380V 110V DL 1093

DE LO RE N ZO
n=291 n=210

220V 0V
TRANSFORMER 500VA
220-380V/2x110V

AUTOTRANSFORMER 500VA
110V 220/380V
n=400

n=210

0V 0V
PE

DE LO RE N ZO E L E CTRI CAL P OWE R DI GI TAL ME AS U RI N G U N I T

DL 1 0 0 6 5 N

R1 R1

RS485 L+ L- L1 L2 L3 N RS485

IN

PE L+ L- ! L1 L2 L3 N
OUT

P = 3x400W DL 1 0 1 7 R
220/380.Δ/Y DE L ORE N ZO
F1 F2 F3
4 4 4
3 5 3 5 3 5

2 6 2 6 2 6

1 7 1 7 1 7

R1 R2 R3 off off off

R1 R2 R3
PE
Res is t ive L oad

Page (4/4)