UNIVERSITY OF DAR ES SALAAM

INSTITUTE OF MARINE SCIENCES

PROPOSED POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMME

MASTER OF SCIENCE IN SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES

MANAGEMENT BY COURSEWORK AND DISSERTATION
(MSc SUFIM)

June 2016

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 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

CA Course Assessment
GI Geographical Information
IMS Institute of Marine Sciences
INASP International Network for the Availability of Scientific Publications
IODE International Ocean Data Exchange
IAMSLIC International Association of Aquatic and Marine Science Libraries and
Information Centres.
MSc Master of Sciences
PERI Program for the Enhancement of Research Information
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
RM Research methodology
SEA Strategic Environment Assessment
SLA Special Libraries Association
SUFIM Sustainable Fisheries Management
SUZA State University of Zanzibar
SWIO South Western Indian Ocean
TDV Tanzania Development Vision
TCU Tanzania Commission for Universities
UDSM University of Dar es Salaam
UQF University Qualification Framework
UE University examination

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Table of Contents

1.0 Institutional Profile ........................................................................................................ 1

2.0 Programme Details ........................................................................................................ 1
3.0 Rationale for Development of Programme ..................................................................... 4
4.0 Programme Management .............................................................................................. 7
5.0 Assessment Details .......................................................................................................11
6.0 Facilities and services ...................................................................................................11
7.0 Programme structure and course outlines .....................................................................12
8.0 Academic Staff Available to Run the Programme .........................................................51
9.0. Curriculum Vitae of Academic Staff............................................................................54

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1.0 Institutional Profile

1.1 Name of Institution

University of Dar es Salaam

1.2 Cluster of Institution

Autonomous - University

1.3 Nature of Provider

Public University

1.4 Programme Host Department

Institute of Marine Sciences

1.5 Head of Department and his/her Contacts:

Dr. Yohana W. Shaghude
Director, Institute of Marine Sciences, P. O. Box 668, Zanzibar
Tel. No. +255 (0)24 2230741/2232128, Fax No. +255 (0)24 2233050
E-mail: [email protected]

1.6 List of all programmes that are currently offered by the institution for all levels
Table 1: Programmes currently offered at IMS
Name of Programme Intake Capacity Date for next review
MSc MASC by Coursework and Dissertation 20 2020
MSc MASC by Thesis 20 2020
PhD MASC by Thesis 20 2020

2.0 Programme Details

2.1 Proposed programme title

Master of Science in Sustainable Fisheries Management (MSc SUFIM) by
Coursework and Dissertation.

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2.2 Programme Cluster
Higher Education

2.3 Programme Sub-field

Marine Sciences

2.4 UQF level

Level 9

2.5 Duration
24 months

2.6 Minimum credits for graduation

The minimum credits needed for the students to graduate under this programme is
180 Credits (126 Credits (70%) for Coursework and 54 Credits (30%) for
Dissertation).

2.7 Programme expected learning outcomes

At the end of the MSc in Sustainable Fisheries Management by Coursework and
Dissertation programme students are expected to be able to:
i. Demonstrate intellectual capacities, critical faculties, transferable skills and
knowledge to analyse issues behind unsustainably exploited resources so as to
recommend measures to ensure long term sustainability of goods and services
provided by marine and coastal ecosystems.
ii. Exhibit an interdisciplinary understanding of the marine and coastal resource
environments and the need for interdisciplinary and multisector approaches to
their sustainable management.
iii. Critically analyze marine and coastal policy frameworks affecting the
sustainable management of coastal and marine resources.
iv. Assess multi-sectoral factors affecting the fisheries of different coastal and
marine resources and recommend best ways to conduct these fishery in a
sustainable manner.

2.8 Programme Status

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 Full time

2.9 Mode of delivery

Face to face

2.10 Location of the delivery

Institute of Marine Sciences, Zanzibar

2.11 Proposed intake numbers for each year in the next 4 years
The proposed intake number of students per year, for the next four years is shown in
the table below

Table 2: Projected student enrolment for the first 4 years

Academic years Number of Students
2016/17 15
2017/18 18
2018/19 22
2019/20 26
(*) Intake is projected to increase by 20%

2.12 Entry Requirements

An undergraduate degree from any TCU recognized and UDSM respected University
with background in science subjects relevant to marine sciences such as biology and
chemistry with a minimum GPA of 2.7 (B grade).

2.13 Nature of Practical Training Programme Where Applicable

Most of the courses offered have practical training components which provide the
students with relevant skills needed prior to the dissertation part of the programme.
After the completion of the coursework part of the programme, the students will
proceed to the dissertation part of the programme, which will involve developing of a
proposal, conducting research, analyzing data and writing a dissertation report. The
dissertation development, monitoring and evaluation will be governed by the UDSM
wide regulations.

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3.0 Rationale for Development of Programme

3.1 Justification of the programme

Fish and fisheries are an essential part of most communities worldwide and they make
significant contributions to their protein budget, health, social and economic well-being. For
example, fish provided over 4.3 billion people with about 15% of their animal protein intake
in 2010. Fisheries products are used in a wide variety of ways, ranging from subsistence use
to international trade where highly sought-after and highly-valued items are traded. The value
of fish traded internationally is over US $130 billion annually, employing over 58.3 million
people in 2010. Employment in the fisheries sector during the past 30 years has grown faster
than both the world’s population and employment in agriculture sector. However, capture
fisheries in Tanzania and worldwide has stagnated for over a decade, threatening livelihood
and jobs for millions of people particularly from poor families. The stagnation is due to a
number of factors including over-harvesting, declining fisheries resources and biodiversity,
climate change and non-climate induced environmental degradation. Continued contribution
of the fisheries sector to global and national food security calls for a wider ecosystem
stewardship and improved governance.

Issues on food insecurity include post-harvest losses. About one-third of the total world food
produced (1.3 billion tonnes) for human consumption is lost annually. With regard to fisheries,
post-harvest losses is contributed by unutilized captured/ harvested fish (bycatch), damages
and spoils that affect their nutritional value, and price that deteriorates due to fluctuating
market forces.

During 2001-2010 the average annual growth rate of fisheries subsectors in Tanzania was
insignificant (around 4.7%) and the Tanzania Development Vision (TDV) 2025 intends to
improve to over 10%. Factors behind the limited contribution of fisheries to the overall GDP
and food security include minimal fisherfolk participation in the fisheries value addition
chain, unsustainable resource management and poor genetic potential of the local stocks for
aquaculture development.

In addressing the situation the proposed program intends to promote and encourage, among
others:

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  Livelihood/income/food production diversification into non-fishing activities e.g.
mariculture and ecotourism;
 Reducing postharvest loses and promoting proper processing and value-addition to
marine and aquatic products for improved food security and income generation;
 Participatory multi-sectoral approach to fisheries co-management; and
 Ecosystem approach to managing fisheries in a sustainable manner.

Development of the proposed MSc in Sustainable Fisheries Management program took into
consideration the dire need of a new generation of fisheries resource managers and experts
with comprehensive interdisciplinary approaches to address the increasingly complex
challenges affecting fisheries sector sustainability. The program intends to facilitate
development of entrepreneurs, resource managers and academicians with a multidisciplinary
outlook on sustainable fisheries management bottlenecks and measures to address them. The
experts will have a multidisciplinary (ecology, biology, oceanography, economics, sociology
and law) vision of fisheries resources and environment (people – fisheries stocks -
habitat/ecosystem - weather/climate interactions), capable of valuating and assessing them
using multiple tools (e.g. mathematical simulations, statistics, surveys) so as to propose
relevant management measures for sustained habitat and ecosystem outputs of goods and
services. The resource managers will be capable of understanding and account for the earlier
shown interactions, adopting a comprehensive approach, called ecosystem-based fisheries
management, crucial in conserving ecosystem healthy essential to the sustainability of our
fisheries and to deal with the increasingly complex challenges facing our oceans.

The proposed programme is a result of the WIO regional initiative aimed at sustaining
fisheries industry. Similar programmes are being developed/offered in Eduardo Mondlane
University (Mozambique), Toliara University (Madagascar), University of Comoro (Comoro)
and University of Seychelles (Seychelles).

3.2 Consultation process

Based on the concerns that the fisheries resources and diversity are declining all over the
world coupled with limited professional skills for practitioners in sustainable fisheries
resource management and utilisation a stakeholder’s survey was conducted in 2014 in the
Western Indian Ocean region to determine the need for establishing undergraduate and

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postgraduate training in fisheries management aimed at sustaining fisheries in the WIO
region. The results were presented in a workshop which was held in Seychelles in the same
year. During the survey similar issues highlighted in section 3.1 were identified by
stakeholders in the region. It was therefore suggested that postgraduate courses addressing
those issues would be relevant to the region (including Tanzania). It was further noted that
most of the regional Universities were not offering such courses at postgraduate level. The
ultimate aim of the proposed MSc SUFIM is to prepare a new generation of skilled
professionals for sustainable fisheries management in the region. In view of the above, IMS
in collaboration with partner institutions from the SWIO region (such as Eduardo Mondlane
University of Mozambique, University of Seychelles, University of Toliara - Madagascar, and
University of Comoro) and outside the region (such as Alicante University – Spain and
University of Algarve - Portugal) suggested the development of the current programme.

3.3 Programme objectives and philosophy

The MSc FAM programme will be conducted by coursework and dissertation, and will be
undertaken in two years (full-time) whereby the first year will be spent on coursework and
the second year will be on dissertation research, as per UDSM Postgraduate Guidelines
(2013). The programme is aimed at:
i. Producing competent and skilled entrepreneurs, resources managers and academians
in the field of fisheries resources assessment and management with the view to fast-
tracking TDV 2025;
ii. Contributing to the UDSM commitment to resolve constraints to result-delivery in
growth driver sectors including fisheries. This is in view of the fact that Tanzania
workforce is dominated by low skilled workers (84%), followed by medium skilled
(13%) and high skilled workers are insufficient (3%). The TDV 2025 vision of
Tanzania with middle-income requires improvements such that low skilled workers
are reduced to at least 55%, medium skilled are improved to 33% high skilled ones
are increased to at least 12%.
iii. Contributing to the UDSM role as reliable national source of high calibre experts and
professionals.

3.4 Name and specify exit level available with respect to UQF description
Level 9 –Masters of Science in Fisheries Resources Assessment and Management (FAM)
with a minimum of 180 credits earned in 2 years.

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3.5 Specify the exit levels outcomes and its associated assessment criteria
Listed below in Table 3 are the exit level outcomes, after the two years.

Table 3. Exit level outcome and assessment criteria.

Exit Exit Level Outcome Associated
Cognitive Assessment Criteria
Level
Knowledge Graduates of MSc SUFIM will have knowledge: Continuous
i. In concepts and theories on fisheries assessment,
assessment and management; University
ii. To investigate solutions for conserving and Examination and
ensuring long term sustainability of fisheries Dissertation
resources.
Skills Graduates of MSc SUFIM will have skills to: Continuous
i. Critically analyse marine fisheries policies and assessment,
strategies affecting the sustainable management University
of the fisheries resources and recommend Examination and
remedies/solutions. Dissertation
ii. Apply remote sensing and geographical
information systems as tools for informed
decisions regarding utilization and management
of the fisheries resources in a sustainable
manner.
Competence Graduates of MSc SUFIM will demonstrate ability Continuous
to: assessment,
i. Discuss principles, theories and approaches in University
marine fisheries management and adopt the Examination and
most suitable ones for challenges at hand. Dissertation
ii. Examine status of marine fisheries resources,
assess their long term sustainability and
recommend relevant corrective measures.

4.0 Programme Management

The programme will be managed as per UDSM regulations and guidelines. There shall be a
programme as well as course coordinators to be appointed from among senior academic staff
of the Institute of Marine Sciences. The programme will be closely monitored by the Institute
Postgraduate Studies Committee (IPSC) and the University Directorate of Postgraduate
Studies.

4.1 Entry arrangement-requirement for successful participation in this programme

UDSM wide regulations concerning detailed entry requirement, selection arrangements,

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policies and procedures with regard to allocation of places, appeals procedures shall apply.

4.2 Transfer and progression

The transfer and progression in this Programme will adopt vertical movement from Bachelor
of Science Level. Horizontal movement from other MSc programs relevant to marine
sciences may be allowed as per UDSM-wide guidelines and regulations.

4.3 Arrangement for recognition of prior learning (informal and non-formal learning)
Recognition of prior learning shall be as per UDSM Senate approval.

4.4 Learning assumed to be in place (pre- requisite-formal learning)

Undergraduate degree in related science subjects

4.5 Details of learning support available

The Institute has good capacity to support learning needs including good laboratory facilities,
library (including electronic), internet connectivity, aquarium, research facilities including a
research center (Pangani mariculture research center).

4.6 Transfer arrangement

Students will be allowed to transfer to other Universities if the need arises. Transfer
arrangement will be done in accordance with UDSM credit transfer policy.

4.7 Benchmarking and international comparability

For the purpose of benchmarking and assessing international comparability, a review has
been made on a number of course based MSc programs in both interdisciplinary and
conventional MSc in fisheries as well as those of fisheries management. The programme is
comparable to the programmes of collaborative partners such as Alicante University – Spain
(International Master in Sustainable Fisheries Management), University of Algarve –
Portugal (MSc in Sustainable Fisheries Management), Eduardo Mondlane University –
Mozambique (MSc in Sustainable Fisheries Management) and University of Toliara -
Madagascar (MSc in Sustainable Tropical Fisheries). Other programs comparable to the
proposed one are those from University of Malaysia Terenggano (MSc in Sustainable
Tropical Fisheries), Plymouth University, School of Biological Sciences (MSc in Sustainable
Aquaculture) and University College of Dublin (MSc in Management of Sustainable

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 Fisheries). With exception of a few earlier mentioned programs (e.g. programs from
Universities of Alicante, Algave, Plymouth and Dublin), the proposed programme would
produce outputs with a wider multidisciplinary outlook than those offered in the WIO. The
proposed program takes advantage of a comprehensive nature of the UDSM and

4.8 Matrix indicating course credits hours

The MSc SUFIM degree programme, which is designed to run for 24 months (2 years),
consists of the coursework part and dissertation part. The coursework part, which is
conducted during the first year, consists of 10 core courses (Table 5), six of which (48 credits)
will be offered during the first semester and the remaining 4 (32 credits) will be offered
during the second semester. In addition to the core courses, the programme consists of 12
elective courses, 6 of which (60 credits) will be offered during the first semester and the
remaining six (64 credits) offered during the second semester. To complete the coursework
part of the programme, students should complete a minimum number of 126 credits. After
completing the coursework part of the programme students will be required to undertake a
dissertation research project which is done during the second year. The dissertation is
assigned a weight of 54 credits. Thus, the minimum number of credits needed for the students
to graduate under the Masters of Science in Sustainable Fisheries Management by
Coursework and Dissertation programme is 180 Credits.

Table 4: Distribution of course credit hours

Course Core/ Hours Total Credits

Elective Lectures Seminar/ Assignm Independ Practical Hrs
Tutorial ents ent training
studies
Semester 1
SF 601 Core 30 15 15 10 10 80 8
SF 602 Core 30 15 15 10 10 80 8
SF 603 Core 30 15 15 10 10 80 8
SF 604 Core 30 15 15 10 10 80 8
SF 605 Core 30 15 15 10 10 80 8
GI 602 Core 30 15 15 10 10 80 8

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SF 606 Elective 30 15 15 10 10 80 8
SF 607 Elective 30 15 15 10 10 80 8
SF 611 Elective 30 15 15 10 10 80 8
SF 615 Elective 45 30 15 15 15 120 12
GI 604 Elective 30 15 15 10 10 80 8
SF 616 Elective 45 30 15 15 15 120 12
Semester 2
SF 609 Core 30 15 15 10 10 80 8
SF 610 Core 30 15 15 10 10 80 8
SF 617 Core 30 15 15 10 10 80 8
SF 608 Core 30 15 15 10 10 80 8
SF 618 Elective 45 30 15 15 15 120 12
SF 612 Elective 30 15 15 10 10 80 8
SF 613 Elective 30 15 15 10 10 80 8
SF 614 Elective 45 30 15 15 15 120 12
GI 605 Elective 45 30 15 15 15 120 12
MR 601 Elective 45 30 15 15 15 120 12
SF 699 Dissertation 54

5. 0 Assessment Details

5.1 Details on programme assessment strategy

During the coursework part of the programme, courses offered will be assessed through
continuous assessment (written assignments/tests, seminar presentations, practical training)
and university examination. The continuous assessment will carry 40% while the final
University Examination will carry a maximum of 60%. A pass mark for each examinable
course shall be 50% (B grade).

The University Examination in a course is normally made of short answers and essay type
questions that shall be moderated by the Examiner’s Board as per UDSM examination regulat
ions. The dissertation research work will also be governed by the UDSM guidelines and
regulations.

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6.0 Facilities and Services

6.1 Facilities

The programme will use the existing facilities at the current IMS premise located at
Mizingani, which include two lecture rooms, each with a capacity of 25 students and four
well equipped laboratories (Chemical, Biological, Hydro-lab and GIS). In the next academic
year the institute will relocate to more spacious premises at Buyu, with four lecture rooms
(each with a capacity of 40 students). Apart from the Chemical, Biological, Hydro and GIS
laboratories, other laboratories such sedimentological and geophysical laboratories have been
planned at Buyu and are expected to be installed during the next three years.

6.2 Library
The programme will use the existing library facilities at the IMS premises located at
Mizingani, Zanzibar Town, which can accommodate a maximum of 20 students at a time.
When the institute is relocated to Buyu, the students will have access to a more spacious
library with a capacity to accommodate more than 100 students at a time. The IMS library
has a collection covering a wide range of subjects including fisheries, aquaculture, marine
research and expeditions, legislating, oceanography, socio-economics, coastal zone
management and marine resources. Most of the periodicals are acquired through an exchange
programme with other organizations and donation from Book Aid (UK). The Library has
been receiving publications from the International Network for the Availability of Scientific
Publications (INASP) and the University of Dar es Salaam main Library. Under the Program
for the Enhancement of Research Information (PERI) IMS has access to electronic journal
services. IMS Library has access to holdings of worldwide libraries through IAMSLIC
resource sharing services (the Z39.50). OceanDocs and Aquatic Commons are other
information resource sharing which are available for use by IMS library users. The later
services are hosted by the International Ocean Data Exchange (IODE) and the International
Association of Aquatic and Marine Science Libraries and Information Centres (IAMSLIC).
IMS library is a member of the following library associations:
(i) Tanzania Library and Information Management Association
(ii) International Association of Aquatic and Marine Science Libraries and Information
Centres (IAMSLIC).

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 (iii) Africa Regional Group of the International Association of Aquatic and Marine
Science Libraries and Information Centres (AFRIAMSLIC).
(iv) Special Libraries Association (SLA)

6.1 Equipment
Each of the existing lecture rooms is equipped with an overhead projector, a desktop
computer and a white board. Other important equipment that are available for the programme
include: field equipment (a boat, diving tanks, salinometers, pH meters, GPS, grab samples, a
piston corer, current meters, echo sounders, PAM fluorimeter, fishing nets), Laboratory
equipment (CHN analyzer, UV spectrophotometer, sieve shaker, Atomic Absorption
Spectrometer, HPLC analyzer, furnace, oven, freezers, refrigerators, chemical balances).

6.4 Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

One of the two lecture rooms is equipped with 8 desktop computers with relevant software
needed in teaching the GIS and remote sensing courses. Currently the IMS is linked to the
UDSM central saver.

6.5 Learner support services

Learners will have access to internet services. Classrooms and laboratories are accessible
throughout the day and during the night (with special permission). Refreshments, food
services and stationary services are available within a walking distance. The Institute has a
dispensary, shop and aquarium (the only aquarium in East Africa). All these services make
the Institute a conducive place for learning.

7.0 Programme structure and course outlines

Table 5. Programme structure for the Masters degree in Sustainable Fisheries Management
by Coursework and Dissertation

Year Semester I
Code Course title Status Credits Total
credits
I Marine Ecosystem and Fisheries 8
SF 601 Core
Resources
SF 602 Fish and Invertebrate Biology Core 8
Fish Population Dynamics and Core 8
SF 603
Fisheries Ecology 48
SF 604 Fisheries Data Analysis and Statistics Core 8

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 SF 605 Fisheries Law and Policy Core 8
Research methodology for marine Core 8
GI 602
scientists
A student will choose at least 12 credits from the following
SF 611 Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Elective 8
SF 607 Aquaculture Elective 8
SF 606 Fisheries Oceanography Elective 8
Biophysical interactions in the Marine 15
SF 615 Elective 12
Environment
Case studies in GIS and Remote
GI 604 Elective 8
Sensing
SF 616 Fisheries Economics Elective 12
Total (Minimum required) 63
Semester II
SF 609 Fish Stock Assessment Core 8
SF 610 Fisheries Governance Core 8
Social Science Perspectives in Fisheries Core 8 32
SF 617
Management
SF 608 Fish Sampling Techniques Core 8
A student will choose at least 28 credits from the following
SF 618 Economics of Renewable Resources Elective 12
SF 612 Marine Protected Areas Elective 8
SF 613 Fish Trading and Processing Elective 8 31
SF 614 Genetics in Fisheries and Aquaculture Elective 12
GIS and Remote Sensing for Marine
GI 605 Elective 12
and Coastal Environment
MR Sustainable Utilisation of Coastal and
Elective 12
601 Marine Resources
Total (Minimum required) 63
II SF 699 Dissertation 54
Grand total credits 180

7.1 Subject title: SF 601: Marine Ecosystems and Fisheries Resources

Subject Status: Core
Credit Rating: 8 Credits
Total Hours: 80 Hr

Subject Aims:
This course is designed to provide students with knowledge on the diversity of marine and
coastal ecosystems and fisheries resources; major groups of fishes and their evolutionary
relationships and the role of primary and secondary production in the marine ecosystem.

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Subject Expected Learning Outcome(s):
Upon successful completion of this course the students should be able to:
 Identify various coastal and marine ecosystems globally, regionally and at local scale
and establish status of their key fisheries resources and associated reasons.
 Establish evolutionary relationships between major groups of fisheries resources.
 Analyse the role of primary and secondary production in fisheries yield.
 Apply various techniques of estimating primary productivity.

Subject Content:
The course will provide knowledge on the diversity of marine ecosystems at global, regional
and local scales and major groups of fishes and their evolutionary relationships; the role of
primary and secondary production in marine ecosystems as well as information on
relationships between the ecosystems and the fishery resources. Other aspects to be covered
include interrelationship between environment; aquatic plant and animal species output
globally; structure and characteristics of marine ecosystems; Fisheries ecology and
biodiversity; Fishery resources (typology and distribution); Primary and secondary
production; and Upwelling areas and their role in fisheries yield.

Assessment Methods, Rationale and Criteria:

This course will be assessed through written assignments/tests, practicals, seminar
presentations and University examination. The assessed course work will carry 40% while the
University Examination will carry a maximum of 60%. The General UDSM examination
regulations for postgraduate programmes will be strictly followed.

Reading List:
Apollonio, S. 1994. The use of ecosystem characteristics in fisheries management. Reviews
in Fisheries Science 2(2):157–180
Botsford, L. W., J. C. Castilla and C. H. Peterson. 1997. The management of fisheries and
marine ecosystems. Science 277:509-515
Claudet, J. (Ed.) 2011. Marine Protected Areas: A Multidisciplinary Approach. Cambridge
University Press, UK. 375pp.
Costanza, R., R. d’Arge, R. de Groot, S. Farber, M. Grasso, B. Hannon, S. Naeem, K.
Limburg, J. Paruelo, R. V. O’Neill, R. Raskin, P. Sutton and M. van den Belt. 1997.

14
 The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital. Nature 387:253–260.
Fanning, L., Mahon, R, and McConney, P. (Eds). 2011. Towards Marine Ecosystem-Based
Management in the Wider Caribbean. Amsterdam University Press, 425 pp
FAO. 2000. Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries. Food and Agriculture Organization
of the United Nations, Rome. 41 pp.
Hilborn, R and Hilborn, U. 2012. Overfishing: what everyone needs to know. Oxford
University Press, New York. 145 pp.
Pauly, D. 2010. 5 Easy Pieces: The impact of fisheries on marine ecosystem. Island Press,
Washington. 208 pp.
Sinclair, M and Valdimarsson, G (Eds) 2014. Responsible fisheries in the marine ecosystem.
CABI publishing, UK. 426 pp.

7.2. Subject title: SF 602: Fish and Invertebrate Biology.

Subject Status: Core
Credit Rating: 8 Credits
Total Hours: 80 Hrs

Subject Aims
This course is designed to provide comprehensive knowledge on the diversity and biology of
fishes and invertebrates as well as describe their major groups and evolutionary relationships,
morphology, physiology, and ecology. It is also designed to impart knowledge and skills on
how to collect samples and apply methods for studying fisheries biology (e.g. population
structure, length-weight relationships, morphometrics, food webs)

Subject Expected Learning Outcome(s):

Upon successful completion of this course the students are expected to:
 Describe life cycles of some economically important species and their associated
morphological changes
 Apply appropriate methods to collect samples and analyse biological data of fish
 Describe the growth parameters and determine the age at first maturity as applied in
fisheries management.

Subject Content:

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The fish and invertebrate biology course will provide a comprehensive coverage of the
diversity and biology of fishes and invertebrates. Information on the major types of
invertebrates found in both intertidal areas, rocky shores and seagrass beds will be taugh as
well as on the life cycle, age, growth, reproduction and sexual maturation as well as feeding
ecology and quantitative and qualitative studies of the diet of these different organisms,
morphology variation, sampling methods for studying fisheries biology, estimation of growth
parameters, including methods used in determining the age of fish and invertebrates and
determination of the age at maturity and estimation of fecundity.

Assessment Methods, Rationale and Criteria:

This course will be assessed through written assignments/tests, practicals, seminar
presentations and University examination. The assessed course work will carry 40% while the
University Examination will carry a maximum of 60%. The General UDSM examination
regulations for postgraduate programmes will be strictly followed.

Reading List:
Bone, Q. and Moore, R. 2008. Biology of Fishers. Garland Science. 450pp
Calfo, A and Fenner, R. 2003. Reef invertebrates: an essential guide to selection, care and
compatibility. Reading Trees, 398 pp.
Hart, P.J.B. and Reynolds, J.D. 2002. Handbook of fish biology and fisheries. Volume 2,
Wiley, 428pp.
Hart. P. J. B, Reynolds J. D 2008 Hand book of Fish Biology and Fisheries: John Wiley and
Sons 424 pp.
Helfman, G., Collette, B.B., Facey, D.E. and Bowen, B.W. 2009. The diversity of fishes:
Biology, evolution and ecology. John Wiley & Sons, 736pp.
Jakobsen. T, Fogarty M. J, Megrey B.A and Mokness E, 2009. Fish Reproductive Biology:
Implication for Assessment and Management. John Wiley and Sons Publications. 424 pp.
Karleskint, G., Turner, R. and Small, J. 2009. Introduction to Marine Biology. Cengage
Learning, 592pp.
Karplus I.B, 2014. Symbiosis in Fishes. The biology of Interspecific Partnerships. John Wiley
and Sons 460 pp.
Pechenik, J.A. 2009. Biology of the Invertebrates. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. 606pp.
Richmond, M. (Ed.). 2013. A Field Guide to The Seashores of Eastern Africa and Western
Indian Ocean Islands. 3rd Edition. Sida. 461 pp.

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7.3. Subject Title: SF 603: Fish Population Dynamics and Fisheries Ecology.
Subject Status: Core
Credit Rating: 8 Credits
Total Hours: 80 Hrs

Subject Aims:
The course is designed to equip the students with tools to conduct basic assessments for
recreational and commercial fisheries, to provide information on fish population dynamics
and causes of dynamism in fish stocks, and how to apply models to express and interpret the
growth, recruitment and mortality of fish and to explain features in marine ecosystems in
relation to physical and biogeochemical characteristics of the oceans.

Subject Expected Learning Outcome(s):

Upon successful completion of this course the students should be able to:
 Apply the principles of fish stock management and assessment.
 Determine growth and age parameters relevant to evaluate the state of fish stocks.
 Apply model tools to classify and explain features required for fish stock management
 Apply ecological models (which include physical and biogeochemical parameters) for
fish stock management.

Subject Content:
This course will provide students with tools to conduct assessments for fisheries, methods to
assess fish population dynamics and causes of dynamism in fish stocks, application of
relevant models used to express and interpret the growth, recruitment and mortality of fish.
The course will also cover the theoretical concepts in fisheries management using various
models; synergistic impact of destructive fishing activities and global change on the marine
ecosystem. Other aspects to be covered by the course include; Recruitment, growth and
mortality, catchability, vulnerability and accessibility; Data sources for population dynamics,
stock-recruitment relationships; Ecological pathways model and applications for parameters
estimations; Factors that influence the abundance and distribution of resources - physical
(currents, winds), chemical (nutrients, pollutants) and biological (larval mortality and post-
larvae, recruitment rates, changes in rates of predation and competition); analysis of the

17
consequences of global changes to the marine ecosystem in general, especially for plankton
production and the resources exploited by fisheries;.

Assessment Methods, Rationale and Criteria:

This course will be assessed through written assignments/tests, practicals, seminar
presentations and University examination. The assessed course work will carry 40% while the
University Examination will carry a maximum of 60%. The General UDSM examination
regulations for postgraduate programmes will be strictly followed.

Reading List:
Calfo, A. and Fenner, R. 2003. Reef invertebrates: an essential guide to selection, care and
compatibility. Nature reviews, 398pp
Cooper A. B. 2006. A guide to Fisheries stock assessment from data to recommendations.
New Hampshire Sea Grant, Durham, 44 pp.
Haddon, M. 2001. Modelling and Quantitative Methods in Fisheries. Chapman and Hall,
London. 406pp.
Jacobsen, T., Fogarty, M.J., Megrey, B.A. and Moksness, E. 2009. Fish Reproductive
Biology: Implications for Assessment and Management. John Wiley & Sons, 440pp.
Jennings, S., Kaiser, M. and Reynolds, J.D. 2009. Marine Fisheries Ecology. John Wiley &
Sons, 432pp.
Jennings, S., Kaiser, M., Reynolds, J.D. 2001. Marine Fisheries Ecology. Wiley-Blackwell.
432 pp.
Walters, C.J. and Martell, S.J.D. 2004. Fisheries ecology and management. Princeton
University Press, 448pp.

7.4. Subject Title: SF 604, Fisheries Data Analysis and Statistics

Subject Status: Core
Credit Rating: 8 Credits
Total Hours: 80 Hrs

Subject Aims:
This course provides theoretical and practical concepts of fisheries data analysis and
statistical applications in fisheries management. The course is aimed at teaching the most
important tools required for collecting, analyzing and interpreting fisheries data using various

18
statistical packages.

Subject Expected Learning Outcome(s):

Upon completion of this course, the student should be able to:
 Identify various types of fisheries data, their potential sources of errorr and techniques
relevant in minimizing the associated data collection errors.
 Apply various statistical concepts (such as representative sampling, parameter
estimation, replication) in proper experimental design.
 Translate fisheries ecological questions into testable hypotheses.
 Apply appropriate statistical tools and methods to describe and interpret fisheries
features.

Subject Content:
This course will provide theoretical and practical concepts of fisheries data analysis and
statistical applications for fisheries managements; appropriate techniques for collecting and
analyzing fisheries data, interpreting them using statistical models for predicting stock
recruitment and fish stocks biomass. The course will also cover the statistical concepts and
tools; theory and practice of sampling; statistical data and information management; the use
of MS Excel for data analysis; predictive models – yield per recruitments and targeted
reference points; biomass dynamic models - biological reference points, multilinear
regression; application of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to fisheries; statistical
services of FAO and other instruments; statistical analysis, use of database, and design of
statistical systems.

Assessment Methods, Rationale and Criteria:

This course will be assessed through written assignments/tests, practicals, seminar
presentations and University examination. The assessed course work will carry 40% while the
University Examination will carry a maximum of 60%. The General UDSM examination
regulations for postgraduate programmes will be strictly followed.

Reading List:
Campbell, B and Hanich, Q. 2014. Fish for the future: Fisheries development and food
security for Kiribati in an era of global climate change. WorldFish. 47 pp.

19
Kumar R.A and Sarang, N. 2008. Applied Bioinformatics, Statistics & Economics in
Fisheries Research. New India Publishing, 605 pp.
Ogle, D.H. 2015. Introductory Fisheries Analysis with R. CRC Press, 317 pp.
Preston, G.L. 2005. Review of Fisheries Management Issues and Regimes in the Pacific
Islands Region. Issue 17 of IWP-Pacific technical report. SPREP. University of
Michigan, 80 pp.
Quinn G.P. and Keough, J.M 2002. Experimental Design and Data Analysis for Biologists.
Cambridge University Press, 537 pp.
Roy A.K and Sarangi N 2008 Applied Bioinformatics, statistics and Economics in Fisheries
Research. New India Publishing, 605 pp.

7.5 Subject Title: SF 605: Fisheries Law and Policy

Subject Status: Core
Credit Rating: 8 Credits
Total Hours: 80 Hrs

Subject Aims:
The main aim of the course is to enable students be familiar with national maritime laws,
policies and international marine conventions. The course will also enable students to identify
issues related to enforcement of fisheries management regulations as well as drivers that
influence public decision-making in fisheries sectors.

Subject Expected Learning Outcome(s):

Upon successful completion of this course the students should be able to:
 Apply international conventions, national laws and policies in resolving local and
international marine issues.
 Identify strengths and weakness of enforcement of various regulations and
recommend corrective measures.
 Identify the drivers with strong influence on the public decision in fishery sectors
 Identify and recommend appropriate legal and institutional frameworks for
management of marine resources.

Subject Content:

20
The course will cover relevant theoretical background on maritime law, enforcement
regulations, and public decision making. It is designed to provide fundamental knowledge on
national and international laws/principles legislation and conventions affecting the use and
management of coastal and marine resources within the territorial and international waters
and seabed (fisheries, oil and gas etc.); national marine policy development processes;
dynamics that drive policy formulation and policy implementation; national/regional
environmental legislation on resource use; international maritime policies; biodiversity and
habitats; major policy and legal issues pertaining to problems of global climate change;
international conventions (e.g. United Convention on the Law of the Sea, Ramsar Convention,
Convention on Biodiversity, Marine Pollution Convention, Convention for international trade
in endangered species of the wild); FAO code of conduct for responsible fisheries; National
Policies on Marine Affairs (e.g. National Policy on fisheries and aquaculture, Fisheries law of
state); Factors behing failures and successes of enforcement of regulations; public decision
analysis on fisheries sectors and legal and institutional framework.

Assessment Methods, Rationale and Criteria:

This course will be assessed through written assignments/tests, practicals, seminar
presentations and University examination. The assessed course work will carry 40% while the
University Examination will carry a maximum of 60%. The General UDSM examination
regulations for postgraduate programmes will be strictly followed.

Reading List:
Baur D.C., Einchenberg, T., Snusz, G.H. 2016. Ocean and Coastal Law and Policy. American
Bar Association, 944 pp.
Birnie, P. 2002. International Law and the Environment, Oxford University Press, 2nd
edition.798pp
Gray. K. R. and Chaytor, B. 2013. International Environmental Law and policy in Africa.
Springer sciences and Business media. 362 pp
Nordquist, M. 2000. Current Fisheries Issues and the Food and Agriculture Organization of
the United Nations. Springer Netherlands, 665pp.
Palma M.A.E, Tsamenyi M, Edson W.R. 2010. Promoting Sustainable Fisheries: The
International Legal and Policy Framework to combat illegal, Unreported and
Unregulated Fishing. Brill publishers, 341 pp.

21
Taylor, William W., Michael G. Schechter, and Lois G. Wolfson, eds. Globalization: Effects
on Fisheries Resources. 1st ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
Cambridge Books Online. Web. 18 June 2016.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511542183
Vallega A. 2000. Sustainable Ocean Governance: A Geographical Perspective. Routledge, an
imprint of Taylor and Francis Books Ltd. Ocean Management and Policy series,
274pp.
Van der Burgt, N. 2012. The Contribution of International Fisheries Law to Human
Development: An Analysis of Multilateral and ACP-EU Fisheries Instruments. BRILL,
392pp.
Winter, G. 2009, Towards Sustainable Fisheries Law, A Comparative Analysis, IUCN, Gland
Switzerland. 340 pp.

7.6 Subject Title: GI 602, Research Methodology for Marine Scientists

Subject Status: Core
Credit Rating: 8 Credits
Total Hours Spent: 80 hrs

Subject Aim:
This course is designed to introduce students to approaches to scientific inquiry in general as
it relates to coastal and marine sciences and ethics in scientific research

Subject expected learning outcome(s):

By the end of the course, students should be able to:
 Plan and undertake independent coastal and marine research projects
 Write competitive research proposals
 Write scientific reports and publications
 Master presentation skills

Course Content:
Application of research methods, approach to scientific inquiry and communication
techniques: problem formulation, literature searches, proposal writing, scientific report and
manuscript writing, and oral presentation. Principles of instruments used in oceanographic

22
research. Emphasis will include the use of CTD, profilers, single point measuring devices,
radiometry, chemical measurements, inter-tidal water column and benthic sampling
equipment. Approach to undertaking scientific research (basic design of experiments and
field sampling such as random sampling, systematic sampling, sub-sampling and survey
techniques). Quantitative and qualitative methods and computer techniques necessary for
coastal and marine science problem-solving, including multivariate approaches for studying
biological communities and ethics in scientific research will also be covered. Practical
training will include field trips, sampling and analysis of environmental parameters and
development and presentation of the research project proposal for master's dissertation.

Assessment Methods, Rationale and Criteria:

This course will be assessed through written assignments/tests, practicals, seminar
presentations and University examination. The assessed course work will carry 40% while the
University Examination will carry a maximum of 60%. The General UDSM examination
regulations for postgraduate programmes will be strictly followed.

Reading list:
Bauer, Henry H., 1992. Scientific Literacy and the Myth of the Scientific Method, University
of Illinois Press, Champaign, IL. 184 pp.
El-Rabbanny, A., 2002. Introduction to GPS: The Global Positioning System. Artech House
Inc, Boston. London, 193 pp.
Emery WJ, Thomson R.E. 2001. Data Analysis Methods in Physical Oceanography, Elsevier
Sci., New York 638 pp.
English, S., Wilkinson, C. and Baker, V. 1997. Survey Manual for Tropical Marine Resources.
Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, 358 pp.
Gauch, H. G., Jr., 2003. Scientific Method in Practice. Cambridge University Press, 448 pp.
Hult, Christine A. 1996. Researching and Writing in the Sciences and Technology. Allyn and
Bacon, Boston, MA. 168 pp.
IHB (2005). International Hydrographic Survey: manual on Hydrography, 1 st Edition. IHB,
Monaco, 46 pp.
Martin S. 2004. An Introduction to Ocean Remote Sensing Cambridge University
Press, Washington, 454 pp.
McMillan, V.E. 1997. Writing Papers in the Biological Sciences. 2nd Ed. Bedford Books,
Boston 197 pp.

23
Narayanasamy, N. 2009. Participatory Rural Appraisal: Principles, Methods and Application.
SAGE Publications, India Pvt Ltd., NewDelhi, India, 388 pp.
Parsons, T. R., Maita, Y. & Lalli, C. M. 1984. A Manual of Chemical and Biological Methods
for Seawater Analysis, Pergamon Press, New York. 173 pp.
Paul D. Leedy and Ormrod, J. E. 2010. Practical Research: Planning and Design, Ninth
Edition, Published by Pearson Education, Inc.
Shrader-Frechette, K. 1994. Ethics of Scientific Research. Rowman & Littlefield. Lanham,
MD, 243 pp.
Valiela I. 2001. Doing Science: Design, Analysis, and Communication of Scientific Research.
Oxford University Press, USA 320 pp.

7.7 Subject Title: SF 609: Fish Stock Assessment.

Subject Status: Core
Credit Rating: 8 Credits
Total Hours: 80 Hrs

Subject Aims:
The course aims at providing to students a broad theoretical background on various
mathematical tools used in fish stock assessment. The course imparts knowledge of fish stock
assessments; objectives of stock assessment and management; analytical and global models
applied in fish stock assessment and estimation of yield and biological reference points for
management purposes.

Subject Expected Learning Outcome(s):

Upon completion of this course the student should be able to:
 Apply various mathematical tools in fish stock assessment
 Establish the use, roles and objectives of fish stock assessments.
 Apply analytical and global models to predict fish stocks
 Apply model tools to interpret scientific results for fisheries exploitation purposes.
 Apply the model tools in interpreting results for multiple species analysis and
establish their limitations.
 Calculate and interpret the biological reference points for fisheries management
planning.

24
Subject Content:
This course will provide students with knowledge and skills on mathematical tools for
fisheries stock assessment (surplus production models, yield-per-recruit models, virtual
population analysis, cohort analysis, multi-species models); the role of stock assessments in
fisheries management and regulation of fish stocks; biological data collection and assessment
(age structure of the stock, age at first spawning, fecundity, ratio of males to females in the
stock, natural mortality (M), fishing mortality (F), growth rate of the fish, spawning behavior,
critical habitats, migratory habits, food preferences, and estimation of total population or total
biomass of the stock); various models of fisheries production (yield per recruit models,
virtual population analysis, cohort analysis, multi-species models); difficulties in fisheries
models (the problem of interactions between fleets and multiple species); models as
management tools (indicators and biological reference points); Analytical models and global
models; Management units; Sampling and data for stock assessment.

Assessment Methods, Rationale and Criteria:

This course will be assessed through written assignments/tests, practicals, seminar
presentations and University examination. The assessed course work will carry 40% while the
University Examination will carry a maximum of 60%. The General UDSM examination
regulations for postgraduate programmes will be strictly followed.

Reading List:
Cadima, E.X., Caramelo, A.M., Afonso-Dias, M., Conte de Barros, P., Tandstad, M.O. & de
LeivaMoreno, I.L. 2005. Sampling methods applied to fisheries science: a manual. FAO
Fisheries Technical Paper No. 434. Rome, FAO. 88 pp.
Cadima, L.E. 2003. Fish Stock Assessment Manual, Issue 393. Issue 393 of FAO fisheries
technical paper, 161pp
Hilborn, R. and Walters, C.J. 2013. Quantitative Fisheries Stock Assessment: Choice,
Dynamics and Uncertainty. Springer Sciences and Business Media, 570 pp.
Hoggarth, D.D. 2006. Stock Assessment for Fisheries Management: A Framework Guide to
the Stock Assessment Tools of the Fisheries Management and Science Programme
Issue 487 of FAO fisheries technical paper, 261pp.
Roy, A.K. and Sarangi, N. 2008. Applied Bioinformatics, statistics and Economics in
Fisheries Research. New India Publishing, 605pp

25
Sparre, P. and Venema, S.C. 1998. Introduction to tropical fish stock assessment. Part 1 -
manual. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No. 306/1, Rev. 2. Rome, FAO. 385 pp.

7.8 Subject Title: SF 610: Fisheries Governance

Subject Status: Core
Credit Rating: 8 Credits
Total Hours: 80 Hrs

Subject Aims:
This course aims at providing students with various perspectives of fisheries governance and
co-management, multi-stakeholder processes in fisheries governance and management,
community participation enhancement tools, and important concepts of fisheries governance
as a tool to ensure resources are used in a sustainable manner.

Subject Expected Learning Outcome(s):

Upon successful completion of this course the students are expected to be able to:
 Discuss essential concepts of fisheries governance.
 Describe the legal framework for fisheries governance.
 Successfully apply various tools for controlling fishing effort;
 Apply various fisheries management concepts and tools in developing suitable
fisheries management plans to address issues at hand.
 Identify potential challenges in fisheries governance and advice appropriate measures
to address them.

Subject Content:
This course will provide students with knowledge and skills on fisheries management
concepts – fisheries governance, good governance and fisheries co-management, issues on
how to develop action plans for fisheries management and sustainability in fisheries
governance, situation analysis, strategy development, fisheries management plans,
implementation and evaluation; various perspectives in fisheries management; governance
and co-management concepts as well as challenges; multi-stakeholder processes in fisheries
management and practice and participatory methodologies and tools; Enforcement of
fisheries regulations and public decision making; Fisheries governance tools (Access

26
limitation and access right, restricted effort – input and output, measures to protect non-target
species, habitat enhancements, indirect economic instruments, participatory fisheries
management, improving accountability for fisheries sectors, social science perspective on
fisheries governance, economic perspective on fisheries management and multi-Stakeholders
criteria); Fisheries governance actions (regional and national action to combat IUU fishing,
local to global requirements and challenges faced in fisheries governance, the visual problem
appraisal in the South Western Indian Ocean (SWIO) region, Stakeholder consultation);
Fisheries management planning cycle (vision, situation analysis, strategy development,
fisheries management plan, implementation and evaluation); National and international
instruments; Sustainability in fisheries governance (stakeholder analysis).

Assessment Methods, Rationale and Criteria:

This course will be assessed through written assignments/tests, practicals, seminar
presentations and University examination. The assessed course work will carry 40% while the
University Examination will carry a maximum of 60%. The General UDSM examination
regulations for postgraduate programmes will be strictly followed.

Reading List:
Bavinck, M. 2005. Interactive Fisheries Governance: A Guide to Better Practice. B.V., 2005.
72 pp.
Fisher, N., LeBlanc, P., Alwyn, C.R. and Sadler, B. (Eds.) 2015. Managing the Impacts of
Human Activities on Fish Habitat: The Governance, Practices, and Science, The
American Fisheries Society, 264 pp.
Jentoft, S. and Chuenpagdee, R. 2015. Interactive Governance for Small-Scale Fisheries:
Global Reflections. Springer, 775 pp.
Rice, J. 2014. Governance of Marine Fisheries and Biodiversity Conservation: Interaction
and Co-evolution. John Wiley & Sons, 552 pp.
Schechtes, M. G, Leonard, N.J. and Taylor W.W. 2008. International Governance of Fisheries
Ecosystems: Learning from the Past, Finding Solutions for the Future. American
Fisheries Society, 458 pp.
Webster, D.G. 2009. Adaptive Governance: The Dynamics of Atlantic Fisheries Management.
Global environmental accord. 391 pp.

27
7.9 Subject Title: SF 617: Social Science Perspectives in Fisheries Management
Subject Status: Core
Credit Rating: 8 Credits
Total Hours: 80 Hrs

Subject Aims:
The course aims at providing to students the social dimensions in fisheries resource
management and governance; social study tools commonly employed in social studies (social
and policy dimensions of the ocean environment and ocean management policy, how human
values, institutions, culture, and history shape environmental issues and policy responses);
case studies (influential frameworks such as the ocean as "tragedy of the commons);
acquisition and utilization of knowledge associated with the long-term inhabitation of
particular ecological systems and the adaptations that arise from the accumulation of such
knowledge.

Subject Expected Learning Outcome(s):

After successful completion of this course the students are expected to:
 Applly approprite tools to describe the socio-economic effects of fisheries and the
feedback to fisheries resources
 Apply relevant skills to design, analyze and propose sustainable investment in
fisheries sectors.
 Explain how traditional and local ecological knowledge is acquired and utilized in
indigenous and local community contexts
 Explore the potential for application of traditional ecological knowledge to expand
our understanding of contemporary issues, locally and globally in sustaining the
resources.
 Examine the epistemological structures typically associated with traditional ecological
knowledge.
 Examine the relationship between traditional ecological knowledge and the
knowledge associated with other disciplines
 Asess suitability of traditional ecological knowledge in addressing contemporary
problems.

28
Subject Content:
This course will provide students with knowledge and skills on: social, cultural and economic
foundation of communities that rely on coastal resources; understanding the behavior,
migration patterns and habitat requirements of the marine ecosystems; socio-economic
information for: determining how coastal management is contributing to community
development; poverty alleviation and equitable sharing of benefits and its application in
determining management effectiveness; valuing the fisheries resources in terms of cultural
and economic significance and its role in lobbying for public and political support;
facilitating stakeholder involvement by gaining a greater understanding of community
perceptions and needs; and tailoring management to the local situation (such as developing
education programs based on community members' understanding of resources conditions
and threats). The course will also cover the basic principles that govern resilience and change
of social systems as applied at the level of populations, communities, regions and the globe;
processes that influence ecological, cultural and economic sustainability with an emphasis on
local examples.

Assessment Methods, Rationale and Criteria:

This course will be assessed through written assignments/tests, practicals, seminar
presentations and University examination. The assessed course work will carry 40% while the
University Examination will carry a maximum of 60%. The General UDSM examination
regulations for postgraduate programmes will be strictly followed.

Reading List:
Barbier, E. B., Acreman, M. and Knowler, D. 1997. Economic valuation of
wetlands: a guide for policy makers and planners. The Ramsar Convention
Bureau Gland, Switzerland. 138 pp
Garcia, S.M., Rice, J. and Charles, A. 2014. Governance of Marine Fisheries and Biodiversity
Conservation: Interaction and Co-evolution. Wiley Publisher. 552 pp.
OECD. 2007. Structural Change in Fisheries Dealing with the Human Dimension. OECD
Publishing, 219 pp.
OECD. 2006. Financial Support to Fisheries Implications for Sustainable Development:
Implications for Sustainable Development. OECD Publishing 378 pp.
Urquhart, J., Acott, T. G., Symes, D., and Zhao, M. 2014. Social Issues in Sustainable
Fisheries Management. Springer Science & Business Media. 355 pp.

29
Watkiss, P., Pye, S., Hendriksen, G., Maclean, A., Bonjean, M., Jiddawi, N., Shaghude,
S., Sheikh, M.A., and Khamis, Z. 2012.The Economics of Climate Change in
Zanzibar.Final Summary Report. July 2012. Climate Adaptation Global Partnership,
SUZA/IMS, 39 pp.

7.10 Subject Title: SF 608: Fisheries Sampling Techniques

Subject Status: Core
Credit Rating: 8 Credits
Total Hours: 80 Hrs

Subject Aims:
This course aims at providing students with knowledge and skills in sampling gears,
principles and techniques; tools for fisheries sampling; designing sampling methodology;
fishery data collection and their appropriate tools.

Subject Expected Learning Outcome(s):

Upon successful completion of this course the students should be able to:
 Identify various fish sampling gears and method and assess their suitability.
 Apply scientific principles in collection of fisheries data.
 Identify various softwares and assess their suitability in analyzing fisheries data.
 Apply suitable software in analysisng fisheries data

Subject Content:
This course will provide students with knowledge and skills on theoretical and practical
concepts of fishing gears and sampling techniques; types of fishing gears and their suitability
(gill nets, beach seine, scoop nets, fyke nets, trap nets, electro fishing, basket traps and
underwater observations); importance of proper sampling and how to use various sampling
gears for representative fishery data collection; usage of various gears and equipment in
sampling (such as echo sounders for determining presence of fish); sampling gears and their
relevant principles and techniques in relation to catchability, efficiency, selectivity, catch-per-
unit-effort; fish sampling gear and method in relation to sampling objectives, fish presence
/absence and species richness, fish abundance and density as well as fish diversity.

30
Assessment Methods, Rationale and Criteria:
This course will be assessed through written assignments/tests, practicals, seminar
presentations and University examination. The assessed course work will carry 40% while the
University Examination will carry a maximum of 60%. The General UDSM examination
regulations for postgraduate programmes will be strictly followed.

Reading List:
Bonar, S.A. 2009. Standard methods for sampling North American freshwater fishes
American Fisheries Society, 335 pp.
Cadima, E.L. 2005. Sampling Methods Applied to Fisheries Science: A Manual, Issue 434,
FAO fisheries technical paper, 88pp
Musick, A. and Bonfil, R. 2005. Management Techniques for Elasmobranch Fisheries, Issue
474 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 251 pp
Sabatella, E. and Franquesa, R. 2004. Manual of Fisheries Sampling Surveys: Methodologies
for Estimations of Socio-economic Indicators in the Mediterranean Sea. General
Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM): Studies and Reviews Series
FAO, 37 pp.
Sparre. P 2000. Manual on Sample-based Data Collection for Fisheries Assessment:
Examples from Viet Nam. Issue 398 of FAO Fisheries Technical paper, Food and
Agriculture Organization, 171 pp.

7.11 Subject Title: SF 611: Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries

Subject Status: Elective
Credit Rating: 8 Credits
Total Hours: 80 Hrs

Subject Aims:
This course aims at enabling students to develop fisheries management plans using the theory
and tools of Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries (EAF); know the role of stakeholders’
involvement in co-management, apply adequate models, methodology and tools for EAF
management

Subject Expected Learning Outcome(s):

31
After successful completion of this course the students are expected to be able to:
 Use the EAF principles and concepts.
 Identify the roles of various stakeholders in fisheries management.
 Apply EAF principles in development of fisheries management plans.

Subject Content:
This course will provide students with knowledge and skills on ecosystem approach within
the concept of a management philosophy, desired states and the need to protect or restore
critical ecological components, functions and structures for sustaining resources in
perpetuity; ecosystem management as an application of ecological, economic, and social
information, options; constraints to achieve desired social benefits within a defined
geographic area and over a specified period; ways to maintain viable populations of all native
species in situ, in protected areas ecosystems and accommodating human use and occupancy
within these constraints. The course will also cover the concepts of fisheries management;
EAF and EAF principle and concepts; global fisheries and management measures of shared
stocks; EAF instruments at international and regional level (EAF management processes -
such as scoping and setting the broad objectives, issue identification and prioritization, risk
assessments, operational objectives, indicators and targets and setting up the management
system; Co-management: involving stakeholders in EAF including principles,
implementation, challenges and opportunities; Development of the EAF management system
and validation and formalization of the management plan); Science to support EAF
management (methodologies and tools); How models can support decision making and the
spatial dimension of EAF (GIS, VMS, satellite imaging, spatial models); Indicators, targets
and reference points relevant to management and technological innovative tools.

Assessment Methods, Rationale and Criteria:

This course will be assessed through written assignments/tests, practicals, seminar
presentations and University examination. The assessed course work will carry 40% while the
University Examination will carry a maximum of 60%. The General UDSM examination
regulations for postgraduate programmes will be strictly followed.

Reading List:
Christensen, V., Maclean. J. 2011. Ecosystem Approaches to Fisheries: A Global Perspective.

32
 Cambridge University Press, 342 pp.
De Young C., Charles A., Hjort A. 2008. Human Dimensions of the Ecosystem Approach to
Fisheries: An Overview of Context, Concepts, Tools and Methods. Fisheries Tech.
Paper, 489. FAO, Rome. 165 pp.
FAO Fisheries Department. 2003. The ecosystem approach to fisheries. FAO Technical
Guidelines for Responsible Fisheries.No. 4, Suppl. 2. FAO, Rome. 112 pp.
Leite, C.F.M. and Gasalla, M.A. 2013. A method for assessing fishers’ ecological knowledge
as a practical tool for ecosystem-based fisheries management: Seeking consensus in
Southeastern Brazil. Fisheries Research1 45, 43-53
Link, J. S. 2002. What does ecosystem-based fisheries management mean? Fisheries, 27:18-
21.
Pikitch, E. K., Santora, C., Babcock, E. A. 2004. Ecosystem-based fishery management.
Science, 305:346-347.
Young, C.D., Charles, A. and Hjor,t A. 2008. Human Dimensions of the Ecosystem Approach
to Fisheries: An Overview of Context, Concepts, Tools and Methods. Food and
Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 152 pp.

7.12 Subject Title: SF 606: Fisheries Oceanography

Subject Status: Elective
Credit Rating: 8 Credits
Total Hours: 80 Hrs

Subject Aims:
The course aims at providing students with the relevant knowledge on fisheries
oceanography; the relationships between the distribution and abundance of commercial
species and oceanographic processes; the role of the interaction between biological and
physical processes; and how the hydrodynamic processes influence fish distribution.

Subject Expected Learning Outcome(s):

Upon completion of this course the student should be able to:
 Apply variability of oceanographic processes and parameters in
establishing/predicting the dynamics of fisheries.
 Analyse oceanographic factors that determine the dynamics of fish eggs, larvae and

33
 juveniles.
 Analyze the impact of oceanographic processes on fisheries dynamics.

Subject Content:
This course will provide students with knowledge and skills on effects of seasonal changes in
oceanographic processes on fish community and migrations patterns, fish production and
distribution; and the influence of physical process and mechanisms (e.g., storms, extreme
temperature conditions) on fish eggs, larvae, juveniles and adults; key concepts and
paradigms in fisheries oceanography; influence of physical process and mechanisms (e.g.
storms, extreme temperatures) on fish eggs, larvae, juveniles and adults as in feeding and
predation processes; impact of oceanographic processes from individual to population and
community scales, and from small to large temporal – spatial scales; Modelling and statistical
exercises (case study analyses of oceanographic and fishing impacts on fish populations and
communities); Coastal hydrodynamics and fish recruitment; Seasonal variations of
oceanographic processes and fish migration; Global climate change and fisheries dynamics
and how to apply models and statistics to explain fish variability from small to large temporal
scales

Assessment Methods, Rationale and Criteria:

This course will be assessed through written assignments/tests, practicals, seminar
presentations and University examination. The assessed course work will carry 40% while the
University Examination will carry a maximum of 60%. The General UDSM examination
regulations for postgraduate programmes will be strictly followed.

Reading List:
Glantz, H.M. 2005. Climate Variability, Climate Change and Fisheries. Cambridge
University Press. 450 pp
Harrison, P.J. and Parsons T.R. (Eds.) 2000. Fisheries oceanography: An integrative approach
to fisheries ecology and management. Blackwell Science. 347pp.
Laevastu, T. and Hela, I. 2009. Fisheries oceanography: new ocean environmental services
Fishing News, 1970. University of California. 238 pp.
McClathie, S. 2013. Regional Fisheries Oceanography of the California Current System: The
CalCOFI program Springer Science & Business Media. 235 pp.
Stevenson, R. and Forrest, M. 2009. Application of satellite data to problems in fishery

34
 oceanography: Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, University of California,
99 pp.

7.13 Subject Title: SF 607: Aquaculture

Subject Status: Elective
Credit Rating: 8 Credits
Total Hours: 80 Hrs

Subject Aims:
The aims of the course are to provide students with knowledge and skills on major
aquaculture species, their outputs and culture practices worldwide, in SWIO region and
Tanzania; the principles of sustainable aquaculture; potential environmental impacts of
aquaculture and technologies useful in combating the impacts and the interaction between
aquaculture and fisheries.

Subject Expected Learning Outcome(s):

Upon successful completion of this course the students should be able to:
 Apply knowledge and skills in aquaculture in recommending project sustainability
measures (economical, environmental and social).
 Establish, manage and appraise aquaculture enterprises.
 Assess aquaculture environmental impacts and recommend corrective measures.

Subject Content:
This course will provide students with knowledge and skills on: major aquaculture species
worldwide, in the SWIO region and in Tanzania and their biology; key factors influencing
viability of aquatic animal production systems; environmental issues; nutrition; reproduction;
disease and health management: advances in brood stock improvement and management;
aquaculture policy and planning; livelihoods analysis; environmental management and
biodiversity; feed formulation and resources; economics; marketing and business studies;
aquaculture engineering; epidemiology; and ecotoxicology. The course will also cover trends
in Global and SWIO aquaculture; principles of sustainable aquaculture and their application
in mass cultures of seaweeds, phyto- and zoo-plankton, crustacea, mollusc, shellfish
culture/pearl farming; major finfish, crustacea, mollusc and shellfish cultured worldwide and

35
locally, their nutrition, growth, disease, genetics and broodstock improvement techniques and
aquarium trade.

Assessment Methods, Rationale and Criteria:

This course will be assessed through written assignments/tests, practicals, seminar
presentations and University examination. The assessed course work will carry 40% while the
University Examination will carry a maximum of 60%. The General UDSM examination
regulations for postgraduate programmes will be strictly followed.

Reading List:
Barnabe, G. 2003 Aquaculture: Biology and Ecology of Cultured Species. CRC Press, 403 pp.
FAO. 2009. Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper. No. 527. Rome, FAO. Italy, 53 pp.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2012.The state of world fisheries
and aquaculture. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations. Rome, 209 pp.
Gjedrem, T. 2005. Feeds, Selection and Breeding Programs in Aquaculture. Springer Science
& Business Media, 573 pp.
Graaf, G. and Garibaldi, L. 2014. The value of African fisheries.FAO Fisheries and
Aquaculture Circular No. 1093. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations, Rome, 68 pp.
Hertramp, J.W. and Piedad-Pascual, F. 2012. Handbook on Ingredients for Aquaculture Feeds.
Springer Science & Business Media, 512 pp.
Stickney, R. R. 2009. Aquaculture: An Introductory Text. CABI. 304 pp

7.14 Subject Title: SF 615: Biophysical Interactions in the Marine Environment

Subject Status: Elective
Credit Rating: 12 Credits
Total Hours: 120 Hrs

Subject Aims:
The course aims at providing students with knowledge and skills on the physical and
biological properties of the ocean water; physical forces that govern the ocean surface and
deep water circulation; the influence of physical process on biological production in the sea;

36
effect of oceanic fronts, eddies, turbulence, and current fluxes on marine organism
distribution and abundance; modelling the influence of global climate change on distribution
of marine and estuarine organisms.

Subject Expected Learning Outcome(s):

Upon successful completion of this course the students should be able to:
 Demostrate the effect of drift currents on nutrient and plankton distribution
 Demonstrate the effect of oceanic fronts, eddies, and turbulence variability on
regulation of biological production in marine ecosystems.
 Model eggs and larval transport, and marine organism recruitments.
 Apply various tools for modeling the abundance and distributions of aquatic
organisms.

Subject Content:
This course will provide students with knowledge and skills on the relationship between
biological and physical processes in the sea on different spatial and temporal scales; physical
processes and their influence on biochemical processes in the ocean; influence of physical
process on biological production in the sea; the effect of oceanic fronts, eddies, turbulence,
and current fluxes on marine organism distribution and abundance; and the effect of drift
currents on nutrient and plankton distribution and marine organism recruitments. The course
will also cover topics on currents and fluxes of nutrients, plankton, and algae; effects of
turbulence and mixing in micro-organisms-food availability; effects of pressure and light
distribution on marine organisms; turbidity and predator-prey relationships; eddies and
primary productivity; fronts and oceanic biological production; ocean currents and transport
of eggs and larvae; hydrology and migration of marine organisms in estuaries; hydrology and
recruiting marine organisms; effect of tide on the migration of marine organisms; effect of
global climate change on the abundance of marine organisms.

Assessment Methods, Rationale and Criteria:

This course will be assessed through written assignments/tests, practicals, seminar
presentations and University examination. The assessed course work will carry 40% while the
University Examination will carry a maximum of 60%. The General UDSM examination
regulations for postgraduate programmes will be strictly followed.

37
Reading List:
Capone, D.G., Bronk, D.A., Mulholland, M.R. and Carpenter, E.J. (Eds.). 2008. Nitrogen in
the Marine Environment, 2nd Edition. Academic Press, Sandiego, CA, 1757 pp.
Emery, W.J. and Thomson, R.E. 2001.Data Analysis Methods in Physical Oceanography. 2nd
Reprint, Elsevier, 638pp.
Knauss, J.A. 1997. Introduction to Physical Oceanography. 2 nd Edition, Prentice Hall, 309 pp.
McCarthy, J.J., Robinson, A.R. and Rothschild, B.J. 2005. Biological-Physical Interactions in
the Sea. Harvard University Press, 2005, USA, 634 pp.
Open University Course Team. 1989. Ocean Circulation, Published in Association with
Pergamon Press, 238 pp.
Open University Course Team. 1989. Waves, tides and shallow-water processes. Published in
Association with Pergamon Press, 227 pp.
Pedlosky, J. 2003. Waves in the Ocean and Atmosphere: Introduction to Wave Dynamics.
Springer, Berlin, 260 pp.
Suthers, I.M and Rissik, D. (Eds.). 2009. Plankton: A Guide to Their Ecology and Monitoring
for Water Quality, Csiro Publishing, Collingwood, Australia, 256 pp.
Wiggert, J.D., Hood, R.R., Naqvi, S.W.A., Brink, K.H. and Smith, S.L. 2009. Indian Ocean
Biogeochemical Processes and Ecological Variability, Volume 185. American
Geophysical Union, 429 pp.

7.15 Subject Title: GI 604: Case Studies in GIS and Remote Sensing
Subject Status: Elective
Credit Rating: 8 Credits
Total Hours Spent: 80 Hrs

Subject Aims:
The course aims at providing students with knowledge and skills in GIS and remote sensing
from the perspective of operational coastal and marine management issues using various case
studies.

Subject Expected Learning Outcomes:

By the end of the course students should be able to:

38
  Apply theoretical knowledge and practical skills of GIS for coastal and marine
resources management.
 Apply theoretical knowledge and practical skills of remote sensing for management of
coastal and marine resources and environment.

Subject Content:
This course will provide students with knowledge and skills on applications of GIS (uses in
coastal socio-economic, environmental, and commercial fields); GIS as a spatial decision
support system (spatial analysis techniques employed by GIS in specific applications);
planning concerns (analysis of the considerations to be addressed before introducing GIS
methodology into the workplace, including benchmarking, system evaluation, staff resources,
cost and benefits); implementation considerations (evaluation of the factors affecting
implementation of a GIS system from the design of the database through to organisational
politics and acceptance of the system). Additional issues include legal, standards, future
developments and GIS as a global science.

Assessment Methods, Rationale and Criteria:

This course will be assessed through written assignments/tests, practicals, seminar
presentations and University examination. The assessed course work will carry 40% while the
University Examination will carry a maximum of 60%. The General UDSM examination
regulations for postgraduate programmes will be strictly followed.

Reading List:
Bartlett, D. and Smith, J. 2005. GIS for Coastal Zone Management (A collection of various
authentic papers from various sources). CRC Press, London, 2005. 310 pp.
Convis, C.L. 2001. Conservation Geography: Case Studies in GIS, Computer Mapping, and
Activism. ESRI Press. 219 pp.
De Graaf, G. and Jenness, J. 2003. GIS in Fisheries management and planning: Technical
Manual. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No. 449. 162 pp.
ESRI Online 2013. GIS for Marine and Coast: Case Studies in Coastal Zone Management.
http://www.esri.com/industries/marine/business/case-studies
ESRI Online 2013. GIS for Marine and Coast: Case Studies in Coastal Zone Management.

39
 http://www.esri.com/industries/marine/business/case-studies
Green, E.P., Mumby, P.J., Edwards, A.J. and Clark, C.D. (Eds.) 2000. Remote Sensing
Handbook for Tropical Coastal Management. Coastal Management Sourcebooks 3.
UNESCO, Paris.
Hedley, J.D., Harborne, A.R. and Mumby, P.J. 2005. Simple and robust removal of sun glint
for mapping shallow-water benthos. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 26:
2107-2112.
Hochberg, E.J., Andréfouët, S. and Tyler, M.R. 2003. Sea surface correction of high spatial
resolution Ikonos images to improve bottom mapping in near-shore environments.
IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 41 (7): 1724-1729.
Jahne, B. Jaehne, B. and Jahne, B. J., 2004. Practical Handbook on Image Processing for
Scientific and Technical Applications, Second Edition, CRC Press, 600 pp.
Kapetsky, J.M. and Aquilar-Manjarrez, J. 2007. Geographic Information Systems, Remote
Sensing and Mapping for the Development and Management of Marine Aquaculture,
FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No 458, 125 pp.
Mather, P.J. 1999. Computer Processing of Remotely-Sensed Images: An Introduction.
Second Edition. John Wiley & Sons: Chichester.
Varshney, P. K. and Arora, M. K., 2004. Advanced Image Processing Techniques for
Remotely Sensed Hyperspectral Data, Springer.322 pp.

7.16 Subject Title: SF 616: Fisheries Economics

Subject Status: Elective
Credit Rating: 12 Credits
Total Hours: 120 Hrs

Subject Aims:
The course aims at providing students with basic concepts of economy with emphasis on
fisheries resources and social indicators (basic concepts of fisheries economy, application of
the bio-economic model to analyze fisheries yield, result interpretation, description of value
chain of fisheries resources and preparation of sustainable investments for fisheries sector);
analysis of buyers and sellers behaviour in the market using basic economic theories; analysis
of the role of government in influencing buyer and seller behaviour in the market; basic
economic theories that explain economic outcomes of the aggregate economy; basic
economic principles that influence global trading and the challenges relating to globalization;

40
and analysis of common economic issues which relate to individual markets and the
aggregate economy.

Subject Expected Learning Outcome(s):

Upon successful completion of this course the students should be able to:
 Evaluate the economic principles applied in fisheries resources management.
 Apply the basic concepts of the economics of fisheries resources.
 Apply bio-economic models to estimate Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) and
Maximum Economic Yield (MEY) of fisheries resources.
 Design, analyze and propose sustainable investment in fisheries sectors.

Subject Content:
This course will provide students with knowledge and skills on economic principles and
issues; relationship between economics and the everyday life of individuals, businesses and
society in general; the role played by different levels of governments in influencing the
economy; basic concepts of economy in relation to fisheries resources and social indicators;
the distribution of income and economic benefits among various fishery stakeholders; issues
on fish marketing (where, when and by whom); income variation among different actors in
the value chain; most effective methodologies for gathering more detailed longer-term
income data; status and importance of world fish trade; application of bio-economic models
to estimate Maximum Sustainable Yield and Maximum Economic Yield of fisheries
resources; contribution of coastal management to community development (including poverty
alleviation and equitable sharing of benefits). The course will also cover aspects of
microeconomics (basic concepts and the role of markets); the role of government in a market
economy and macroeconomics and economic indicators; determination of national income
and macro policies and trade; stabilization policy and international economics; markets and
business firms (introductory concepts, production costs and analyzing market structures);
resource economics and economic theories with application to fisheries; bio-economic
theories (The Gordon-Schaefer Model); dynamic optimization and the economics of shared
stocks; status and importance of world fish trade and producer-consumer linkages; product
type and processing and prices, costs and internal rate of return and investment analysis in
fisheries.

41
Assessment Methods, Rationale and Criteria:
This course will be assessed through written assignments/tests, practicals, seminar
presentations and University examination. The assessed course work will carry 40% while the
University Examination will carry a maximum of 60%. The General UDSM examination
regulations for postgraduate programmes will be strictly followed.

Reading List:
Barbier, E. B., Acreman, M. and Knowler, D. 1997. Economic valuation of
wetlands: a guide for policy makers and planners. The Ramsar Convention
Bureau Gland, Switzerland. 138 pp.
Bjørndal, T. and Munro, G. 2012. The Economics and Management of World Fisheries OUP
Oxford, 278 pp.
Bjorndal, T., Gordon, D., Arnason, R. and Sumaila, U.R. 2008. Advances in Fisheries
Economics John Wiley & Sons, 320 pp.
Johannes R. E. 1992. Words of the Lagoon: Fishing and Marine Lore in the Palau District of
Micronesia University of California Press. 245 pp.
Lipton, D. W., Wellman, K., Sheifer, I. C. and Weiher, R. F. 1995. Coastal Ocean Program
Handbook: "Economic Valuation of Natural Resources" NOAA Coastal Ocean
Program Decision Analysis Series No. 5. Maryland.130 pp.
Salim, S.S, Biradar, R.S. and Pandey, S.K. 2005. Fisheries Economics and Marketing: An
Introduction. Central Institute of Fisheries Education, 489 pp.
Sumaila, U.R., Munro, G.R., Sutinen, J.G. 2010. Recent Developments in Fisheries
Economics: Special Issue of Land Economics 83:1 University of Wisconsin Press,
108 pp.
Watkiss, P., Pye, S., Hendriksen, G., Maclean, A., Bonjean, M., Jiddawi, N., Shaghude,
S., Sheikh, M.A., and Khamis, Z. 2012. The Economics of Climate Change in
Zanzibar.Final Summary Report. July 2012. Climate Adaptation Global Partnership,
SUZA/IMS.pp 39 pp.

7.17 Subject Title: SF 618: Economics of Renewable Resources

Subject Status: Elective
Credit Rating: 12 Credits
Total Hours: 120 Hrs

42
Subject Aims:
The course aims at providing students with knowledge and skills in identifying basic
economic theory of the use of renewable and non-renewable natural resources and applying
basic economic models of natural resource use and empirical tools to contemporary issues.

Subject Expected Learning Outcome(s):

Upon successful completion of this course the students should be able to:
 Apply basic concepts and principles of economics to address issues of natural
resource management.
 Apply economic models used to address the connections and interdependence
between human economies and natural ecosystems.
 Evaluate the challenges faced by individuals, communities, and regulators in the use
and management of limited resources.
 Design relevant policies for sustainable management of resources.

Subject Content:
This course will provide students with knowledge and skills on a broad range of issues
related to the use of natural resources with a framework that combines microeconomic
theory, reasoning, and techniques required to set up and solve natural resource allocation
problems; how the economic tools are applied to renewable and non-renewable resource
problems (including the problems of fisheries overexploitation, excessive forest harvesting,
and competition over land and water, and energy resources); the economic rationale for
government intervention in the market's provision of natural resources and evaluation of
alternative methods for regulating the use of selected natural resources. The course will also
cover the basic concepts of modeling in natural resource allocation; fundamentals of
renewable resource economics (Capital adjustment problems and Timing problems);
Fundamentals of non-renewable resource economics; renewable resources; property rights
institutions; water allocation, markets, pricing, and conservation; co-management of fisheries
/ sector allocation; and decision making under uncertainty and option value

Assessment Methods, Rationale and Criteria:

This course will be assessed through written assignments/tests, practicals, seminar
presentations and University examination. The assessed course work will carry 40% while the

43
University Examination will carry a maximum of 60%. The General UDSM examination
regulations for postgraduate programmes will be strictly followed.

Reading List:
Cato, S.M. 2011. Environment and Economy. Routledge, 2011. 288pp.
Conrad, J.M. 2010. Resource Economics, 2nd Edition. Cambridge University Press, New York,
USA, 300 pp.
Grafton RQ, Adamowicz W, Dupont D, Nelson H, Hill RJ, Renzetti S. 2004: The Economics
of the Environment and Natural Resources. Blackwell Publishing, UK. 503pp.
Hackett, S.C. 2010. Environmental and Natural Resources Economics: Theory, Policy, and
the Sustainable Society, Published by M.E. Sharpe Inc., New York, USA, 552 pp
Hartwick, J. and Olewiler, N. 1999. The Economics of Natural Resource Use. New York:
Harper and Row. 2nd Edition. 502 pp
Perman, R., Ma, Y., McGilvray, J. and Common, M. 2003. Natural Resource and
Environmental Economics, 3rd Edition. Pearson Education, London, 726 pp.

7.18 Subject Title: SF 612: Marine Protected Areas

Subject Status: Elective
Credit Rating: 8 Credits
Total Hours: 80 Hrs

Subject Aims:
The course aims at providing students with knowledge and skills in identifying major natural
and anthropogenic threats of aquatic ecosystems; identifying features of ecosystem
fragmentation and degradation; and overcoming challenges of establishing marine protected
areas in order to ensure sustainability of the natural resources present within the MPAs.

Subject Expected Learning Outcomes:

Upon successful completion of this course the students should be able to:
 Identify various types of ecosystem threats emanating from natural and anthropogenic
activities and recommend aprroprite measures to address them.
 Evaluate the problems caused by pollution, climate change and ocean acidification on
the ecosystem processes and functions.
 Apply principles of MPA development to address fisheries resource management
challenges.

44
  Identify relevant measures to facilitate community participation for successful
management of MPAs

Subject Content:
This course will provide students with knowledge and skills on marine protected areas
(MPAs) and their importance in fisheries management; techniques used in monitoring and
assessing MPA performance and ocean health matters. The course will also cover aspects of
habitat fragmentation, degradation and restoration; pollution from land based, coastal
development and shipping activities; climate change induced phenomena and their impacts;
mechanism for establishing marine protected areas; fisheries management in MPAs and
sustainability of natural resources; impediments of conservation; the role of community
participation in MPA management and ensuring sustainable extraction of resources.

Assessment Methods, Rationale and Criteria:

This course will be assessed through written assignments/tests, practicals, seminar
presentations and University examination. The assessed course work will carry 40% while the
University Examination will carry a maximum of 60%. The General UDSM examination
regulations for postgraduate programmes will be strictly followed.

Reading List:
Agardy, T.S. 1997. Marine Protected Areas and Ocean Conservation, Academic Press, 244 pp.
Carleton-Ray, G. and McCormick-Ray, J. 2003.Coastal Marine Conservation. Blackwell
Publishers.112pp.
Claudet, J. (Ed.) (2011). Marine Protected Areas: A Multidisciplinary Approach, Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, 392 pp.
Claudet, J. 2011. Marine Protected Areas: A Multidisciplinary Approach: Ecology,
Biodiversity and Conservation, Cambridge University Press, 392 pp.
Groom, M.J., Meffe, G.K. and Carroll, C.R. 2005. Principles of Conservation Biology.Third
Edition. 669pp.
Gubbay, S. 1995. Marine Protected Areas: Principles and techniques for management,
Springer Science & Business Media, 232 pp.
Robert, S., Pomeroy, R., Watson L.M., Parks, J.E. and Cid G.A. 2005. How is your MPA
doing? A methodology for evaluating the management effectiveness of marine

45
 protected areas. Ocean and Coastal Management.48(7–8): 485–502
Sobel, J.K. and Dalgren, C.P. 2004. Marine Reserves: A Guide to Science, Design, and Use.
336 pp.
Sodhi, N. S. and Ehrlich, P.R. (eds.) 2010.Conservation Biology for All. Oxford University
Press, New York. 358 pp.

7.19 Subject Title: SF 613: Fish Processing and Trade

Subject Status: Elective
Credit Rating: 8 Credits
Total Hours: 80 Hrs

Subject Aims:
The course aims at providing students with knowledge and skills on fish processing and
trade; identification of the valuable species traded in the WIO region; application of different
techniques of fish processing and preservation; and application of international sanitary
standards required for marine products (fish handling, processing and packaging).

Subject Expected Learning Outcome(s):

Upon successful completion of this course the students should be able to:
 Assess trends and diversity of fisheries resources traded regionally and globally.
 Describe the impact of global markets in local fisheries trade.
 Identify different techniques for food processing, preservation and packaging and
recommend suitable ones for marine products.
 Recognise and apply the international sanitary standards required for marine products.
,
Subject Content:
This course will provide students with knowledge and skills on fish trade and marketing of
different types of fisheries resources; relevant techniques in fish trade and processing in
artisanal and commercial fisheries as well as farmed fish; fish products marketing as well as
fish handling (the initial processing of raw fish) and fish products manufacturing;
preservation techniques and sanitary technologies (spoilage microbial activity inhibition,
metabolic changes resulting in the loss of fish quality); value addition aspect and trade;
aquarium fish resource trades. The course will also cover important species traded and

46
marketed, trader types and function (small and large scale; trends in the world fish trade);
endangered species due to trading and marketing; the supply chain and transaction systems;
fish processing techniques and the types of fish products: chilled fish, dried fish, salted fish,
smoked fish, fish oil, fish meal, fermented products; fish handling and storage (fish spoilage
and utilization; fish by-products effects of bumper harvest); fish marketing and distribution
channels; consumer needs and value addition to fish; quality assurance, labelling and
certification; World Trade Organisation (WTO) Agreements and Committee on Fisheries
(COFI) sub-committee on fish trade.

Assessment Methods, Rationale and Criteria:

This course will be assessed through written assignments/tests, practicals, seminar
presentations and University examination. The assessed course work will carry 40% while the
University Examination will carry a maximum of 60%. The General UDSM examination
regulations for postgraduate programmes will be strictly followed.

Reading List
Boziaris, J.S. 2014. Seafood Processing: Technology, Quality and Safety. Wiley Blackwell,
508 pp.
FAO 2003. Report of the Expert Consultation on International Fish Trade and Food Security:
Casablanca, Morocco. Food & Agriculture Org., 213 pp.
Gopakumar K. (editor), 2002. Text Book of Fish Processing Technology. ICAR, New Delhi.
407 pp.
Hall. G M. 2011. Fish Processing: Sustainability and New Opportunities. John Wiley & Sons,
312 pp.
Nielsen T.B. 2005. Ancient Fishing and Fish Processing in the Black Sea Region. Aarhus
University Press, 222 pp.
Sen D. P., 2005. Advances in Fish Processing Technology. Allied Publishers Pvt. Ltd. New
Delhi, 304 pp.
Sen D.P. 2005. Advances in Fish Processing Technology .Allied Publishers 848 pp.
Venugopal, V. (Ed). 2005. Seafood Processing: Adding Value Through Quick Freezing,
Retortable Packaging and Cook-Chilling (Food Science and Technology) 1 st Edition,
CRC Press 504 pp.

47
7.20 Subject Title: SF 614: Genetics in Fisheries and Aquaculture
Subject Status: Elective
Credit Rating: 12 Credits
Total Hours: 120 Hrs

Subject Aims:
The course aims at providing students with knowledge and skills on principles of genetics
and breeding that can be applied to fisheries; concepts of quantitative genetics and its
applications; application of genetic principles in conservation and management of aquatic
resources; and application genetic techniques for stock improvement.

Subject Expected Learning Outcome(s):

Upon successful completion of this course students should be able to:
 Identify and demonstrate the various techniques available to study genomes, genes
and gene products. Identify suitable techniques to study genomes, genes and gene
products
 Apply biotechnology techniques in genetic manipulation.
 Apply the techniques used for analysis of DNA sequence data.
 Discuss the biological, economic and practical constraints influencing the success of
genetic improvement schemes.
 Evaluate scientific, practical and ethical issues in the application of genetics to animal
improvement.

Subject Content:
This course will provide students with knowledge and skills on analysis of the distribution of
fish biodiversity; analysis of patterns of biodiversity loss at all levels (from genes to
ecosystems), causes, consequences, and potential solutions to the crisis; structure of DNA,
RNA and chromatin; maintenance of the genome through replication, repair and
recombination; expression of the genome through gene regulation, transcription, RNA
splicing and translation; gene technology methods used in studies of biological mechanisms
and structures; fish breeding and conservation; molecular genetics, bioinformatics and
computer applications in fish genetics. Other aspects to be covered include principles of
genetics and breeding; fish population genetics; quantitative genetics; principles of selection

48
and selection methods; fish genetic resources and conservation; molecular genetics and
genetic markers.

Assessment Methods, Rationale and Criteria:

This course will be assessed through written assignments/tests, practicals, seminar
presentations and University examination. The assessed course work will carry 40% while the
University Examination will carry a maximum of 60%. The General UDSM examination
regulations for postgraduate programmes will be strictly followed.

Reading List:
Beaumont, A., Boudry, P. and Hoare, K. (2010). Biotechnology and Genetics in Fisheries and
Aquaculture, 2nd Edition. John Wiley and Sons, West Sussex, UK, 216 pp.
Dunham, R.A. (2011). Aquaculture and Fisheries Biotechnology and Genetics, 2 nd Edition.
CABI International, Wallingford, UK, 495 pp.
Evans, G. and Furlong, J. 2010. Environmental Biotechnology: Theory and Application,
Willey. 290pp.
Glick B.R. and Pasternak J.J. 2003. Molecular Biotechnology, 4 th Edition, ASM Press,
1018pp.
Hallerman, E.M. (2003). Population genetics: principles and applications for fisheries
scientists, American Fisheries Society, Maryland, USA, 475 pp.
Sekino, M., Hara, M. and Taniguchi, N. 2002. Genetic Diversity Within and Between
Hatchery Strains of Japanese Flounder Paralichthyso livaceus Assessed by Means of
Microsatellite and Mitochondrial DNA Sequencing Analysis. Aquaculture, 213: 101-
122.
Shaklee, J.B. and Currens, K.P. 2003. Genetic stock identification and risk assessment. In E.
M. Hallerman (Ed.), Population genetics: principles and applications for fisheries
scientists. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland: 291-328.
Smith, P.J. 1999: Genetic resources and policy. pages 43-62 in Pullin, R.S.V., D.M. Bartley,
and J. Kooiman (eds) Towards Policy for Conservation and Sustainable Use of
Aquatic Genetic Resources. ICLARM Conf. Proc. 59pp.
Voet, V. and Voet, J.G. 2011. Biochemistry, 4th edition, John Wiley, New York, 1520pp.

49
7.21 Subject Title: GI 605: GIS and Remote Sensing for Marine and Coastal Environment.
Subject Status: Elective
Credit Rating: 12 Credits
Total Hours: 120 Hrs.

Subject Aim(s):
This course aims at providing students with knowledge and skills in remote sensing and GIS
as tools for analyzing coastal and marine spatial data; digital image analysis; mapping of
various earth’s features and land covers.

Subject Expected Learning Outcome(s):

By the end of the course, students should be able to:
 Apply remote sensing methods for analyzing oceanographic data
 Apply GIS methods for mapping various coastal and marine spatial cover features
 Analyze digital images and make relevant conclusions
 Apply theoretical knowledge and practical skills of GIS for coastal and marine
resources management.

Subject Content:
The course will cover four major topics: (i) Remote sensing and image analysis techniques
(for marine applications); (ii) Marine and coastal geographic information system (GIS); (iii)
Practical training in image processing for marine and coastal environment; and (iv) Practical
training in GIS.

(i) Remote sensing and image analysis techniques: Will be theoretical oriented and will cover
among others Satellite and microwaves remote sensing systems - the concept of remote
sensing, energy source, energy interaction in the atmosphere, spectral reflectance of common
spatial features on the earth’s surface, spectral response of the eye and the concept of false
colour, remote sensing platforms, remote sensing sensors (passive and active sensors),
satellite imaging systems, satellites orbits, remote sensing satellites and their sensors, an
overview of microwave sensing (RADAR systems), elements of visual image interpretation
(tone, size, shape, pattern, shadow and association); image and pixel, panchromatic,

50
multispectral and hyper spectral systems, black and white images, colour images, the concept
of resolution (spatial, spectral, radiometric and temporal resolution), Satellite altimetry and
Imaging radar - satellite principles of measuring chlorophyll and suspended sediment
concentration from ocean colour, sea surface temperature, ocean topography, winds and
waves, remote sensing radar methods.

(ii) Marine and coastal GIS: Will also be theoretical-oriented, covering : Elements of GIS -
the concept of GIS data structure (vector and raster data), map projections and coordinate
systems, the concept of geoid, Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and GPS satellite
constellation; Spatial data sources - land records, digitised maps, scanned images, digitised
cross sections; Data acquisition, conversion, preprocessing and output; Current and future
trends, Introduction to databases - importance to GIS, types, definitions and terminology;
Database Management System objectives - digital versus paper-based, independence,
integrity, reliability, accessibility, efficiency and security.

(iii) Practical training on image processing for marine and coastal environment: Will deal
with elements of digital image interpretation, which include: Pre-processing (image
restoration and rectification), radiometric corrections, geometric corrections (image
rectification and re-sampling), atmospheric corrections, image enhancement (contrast
stretching, spatial filtering, colour palettes); Image transformation; image classification and
analysis (supervised and non-supervised classification approaches). The use of histograms for
image interpretation and advanced methods of image analyses, such as scattergrams,
principle component analysis will also be taught.

(iv) Practical training in GIS: Will cover GIS practical exercises using ArcGIS 10.2
(ArcMap and ArcCatalogue), Google Earth, GPS (CampBase), and Photo-georeference
(Picasa 3) software.

Assessment Methods, Rationale and Criteria:

This course will be assessed through written assignments/tests, practicals, seminar
presentations and University examination. The assessed course work will carry 40% while the
University Examination will carry a maximum of 60%. The General UDSM examination
regulations for postgraduate programmes will be strictly followed.

51
Reading List:
Bartlett, D. and Smith, J. 2005. GIS for Coastal Zone Management (A collection of various
authentic papers from various sources). CRC Press, London, 2005. 310 pp.
Convis, C.L. 2001. Conservation Geography: Case Studies in GIS, Computer Mapping, and
Activism. ESRI Press.219 pp.
ESRI Online 2013. GIS for Marine and Coast: Case Studies in Coastal Zone Management.
http://www.esri.com/industries/marine/business/case-studies
Green, D.R. (ed.) 2001. GIS: A Sourcebook for Schools, Taylors & Francis, 228 pp.
Jahne, B. Jaehne, B. and Jahne, B. J., 2004. Practical Handbook on Image Processing for
Scientific and Technical Applications, Second Edition, CRC Press, 600 pp.
Kapetsky, J.M. and Aquilar-Manjarrez, J. 2007. Geographic Information Systems, Remote
Sensing and Mapping for the Development and Management of Marine Aquaculture,
FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No 458, 125 pp.
Lille, T. M., Kiefler, R. and Kiefer, W. 2000. Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation, 4th
Edition John Wiley & Sons, 723 pp.
Longley, P.A., Goodchild, M.F., Maguire, D.J. and Rhind, D.W. 2001. Geographic
Information Systems and Science, John Wiley & Sons, 454 pp.
Varshney, P. K. and Arora, M. K., 2004. Advanced Image Processing Techniques for
Remotely Sensed Hyperspectral Data, Springer.322 pp.

7.22 Subject Title: MR 601: Sustainable Utilization of Coastal and Marine Resources
Subject Status: Elective
Credit Rating: 12 Credits
Total Hours: 120 Hrs

Subject Aims:
The course aims at providing students with knowledge and skills on analyzing threats and
impacts imposed by increasing anthropogenic activities on marine and coastal ecosystems
and their associated resources and recommend ways and means of overcoming the
challenges.

Subject Expected Learning Outcome(s)

Upon successful completion of the course students should be able to:
 Able to apply the measures that need to be instituted to ensure sustainable utilization

52
 of resources.
 Describe the interlinkages between the marine ecosystems and how to preserve them.
 Recommend suitable options for sustainable utilization and sustainable management
of resources.
 Recommend suitable roles of communities in enhancing resource management.

Subject Content:
This course will provide students with theory of fisheries science, marine mammal ecology
and other endangered species; ecological inter-relationships of organisms in marine and
coastal systems (including mangrove forests, seagrass beds, coral reefs, rocky and sandy
shores); principles of sustainable exploitation of resources; physical forces that shape marine
and coastal ecosystems and the impacts of environmental change; sustainable exploitation of
commercially important invertebrates (mollusks, crustaceans, bivalves etc.); sources and size
estimation of the exploited resources; invertebrate life cycles, distribution and population
structure; resource sustainability and the interrelationship between environment, aquatic
species, and cultured aquatic animal and plant species globally; the role of co-management in
resource management including traditional knowledge.

Assessment Methods, Rationale and Criteria:

This course will be assessed through written assignments/tests, practicals, seminar
presentations and University examination. The assessed course work will carry 40% while the
University Examination will carry a maximum of 60%. The General UDSM examination
regulations for postgraduate programmes will be strictly followed.

Reading List:
Chapin III, F.S., Kofinas, G.P. and Folke, C. (Eds.). 2009. Principles of Ecosystem
Stewardship: Resilience-Based Natural Resource Management in a Changing World,
Springer Science and Business Media, NY, USA, 401 pp.
Connor, M. J., Tyack, R. C., Peter, L. and Whitehead, H. (Eds.) 2000. Cetacean Societies:
Field Studies of Dolphins and Whales. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago and
London. 433 pp.
Haggan, N., Neis, B. and Baird, I. 2007. Fishers’ knowledge in fisheries science and
management. Coastal Management Sourcebooks 4. UNESCO, Paris, France, 437 pp.

53
Hoezel, R.A. (Ed.). 2002. Marine Mammal Biology: An Evolutionary Approach. Blackwell
Science Ltd. 432 pp.
Jeffrey, C., Carrier, C.J., Musick, J.A. and Heithaus M.R. 2004. The Biology of Sharks and
their Relatives. CRC Press, 596 pp.
Lucas, J.S. and Southgate, P.C. (Eds.) (2012). Aquaculture: Farming Aquatic Animals and
Plants, 2nd Edition. Wiley-Blackwell, London, 648 pp.
Moore, J. 2006. An Introduction to the Invertebrates, 2 nd Edition, Cambridge University
Press, UK, 319pp
Muhando, C. and Rumisha, C.K. 2008. Distribution and Status of Coastal Habitats and
Resources in Tanzania. WWF Tanzania. 115 pp.
Richmond, M. (Ed.). 2013. A field guide to the seashores of eastern Africa and western Indian
Ocean Islands. 3rd Edition Sida. 461 pp.
Robinson, J. and Samoilys, M. 2013. Reef Fish Spawning Aggregations in the Western Indian
Ocean: Research for Management. Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association
(WIOMSA) and CORDIO. 153 pp
Salm, R.V., Siirila, E. and Clark, J.R. 2000. Marine and Coastal Protected Areas: A Guide
for Planners and Managers Third Edition. 387 pp.

54
8.0 Academic Staff Available to Run the Programme

Course Instructors Date of Qualificati Conferring Contact

Status
Code and name birth on Institution Hours
Jiddawi, N.S. * 22.12.1952 PhD UDSM Full Time 25
SF 601 Marine Ecosystems and Fisheries
Yahya, S.A.S. 27.06.1972 PhD Stockholm Full Time 10
Resources
Mtolera, M.S 30.01.1959 PhD Uppsala Full Time 10
Yahya, S.A.S.* 27.06.1972 PhD Stockholm Full Time 25
SF 602 Fish and Invertebrate Biology
Msangameno, D.J 19.06.1974 PhD UDSM Full Time 20
Jiddawi, N.S. 22.12.1952 PhD UDSM Full Time 25
SF 603 Fish Population Dynamics Masalu, D.C 19.07.1960 PhD Tokyo Full Time 10
Kyewalyanga, M.S 30.05.1963 PhD Dalhousie Full Time 10
Muhando, C.A* 12.08.1958 PhD UDSM Full Time 25
SF 604 Fisheries Statistics
Msangameno, D.J 19.06.1974 PhD UDSM Full Time 20
Majamba, H. 12. 12 1967 PhD Boston Full Time 20
Mohammed, S.M* 15.11.1950 PhD Stockholm Full Time 10
SF 605 Fisheries Law and Policy
Shalli, M.S 02.05.1970 PhD UDSM Full Time 5
Mangora, M.M 04.03.1969 PhD UDSM Full Time 10
Nyandwi, N.M * 24.12.1959 PhD Bremen Full Time 10
Kitula, R.A 04.03.1971 PhD SUA Full Time 10
GI 602 Research methodology for marine
Msangameno, D.J 19.06.1974 PhD UDSM Full Time 10
scientists Shaghude, Y.W 05.07.1957 PhD Stockholm Full Time 10
Shalli, M.S 02.05.1970 PhD UDSM Full Time 5
Shaghude, Y.W* 05.07.1957 PhD Stockholm Full Time 10
Masalu, D.C 19.07.1960 PhD Tokyo Full Time 10
SF 606 Fisheries Oceanography Nyandwi, N.M 24.12.1959 PhD Bremen Full Time 10
Yahya, S.A.S. 27.06.1972 PhD Stockholm Full Time 10
Kyewalyanga, M.S 30.05.1963 PhD Dalhousie Full Time 5
Mmochi, A.J* 27.01.1959 PhD UDSM Full Time 15
SF 607 Aquaculture Jiddawi, N.S. 22.12.1952 PhD UDSM Full Time 15
Mtolera, M.S 30.01.1959 PhD Uppsala Full Time 15
Jiddawi, N.S.* 22.12.1952 PhD UDSM Full Time 15
SF 608 Fish Sampling Techniques
Yahya, S.A.S. 27.06.1972 PhD Stockholm Full Time 15

51
 Muhando, C.A PhD UDSM Full Time 15
GI 605 GIS and Remote Sensing for Marine Shaghude, Y.W* 05.07.1957 PhD Stockholm Full Time 40
and Coastal Environment Muhando, C.A 12.08.1958 PhD UDSM Full Time 35
GI 604 Case Studies in GIS and Remote Shaghude, Y.W 12.08.1958 PhD Stockholm Full Time 25
Sensing Muhando, C.A. 12.08.1958 PhD UDSM Full Time 20
Lokina, R.B* 10.02.1968 PhD Gothernburg Full Time 15
Hepelwa, A.S 12.09.1969 PhD Vub.Brussels Full Time 15
SF 616 Fisheries Economics Shalli, M.S 04.03.1971 PhD UDSM Full Time 15
Kitula, R.A 02.05.1970 PhD UDSM Full Time 15
Jiddawi. N. S 22.12.1952 PhD UDSM Full Time 15
Yahya, S.A.S. .* 27.06.1972 PhD UDSM Full Time 15
Jiddawi, N.S 22.12.1952 PhD Stockholm Full Time 10
SF 609 Fish Stock Assessment
Muhando, C.A 12.08.1958 PhD UDSM Full Time 10
Masalu, D.C 19.07.1960 PhD Tokyo Full Time 10
Shalli, M.S* 04.03.1971 PhD UDSM Full Time 15
SF 610 Fisheries Governance Kitula, R.A 02.05.1970 PhD UDSM Full Time 15
Chauka, L.J 21.02.1976 PhD UDSM Full Time 15
Lokina, R.B* 10.02.1968 PhD Gothernburg Full Time 10
Hepelwa, A .S 12.09.1969 PhD Vub.Brussels Full Time 10
SF 617 Social Science Perspectives in Shalli, M.S 04.03.1971 PhD UDSM Full Time 10
Fisheries Management Kitula, R.A 02.05.1970 PhD UDSM Full Time 10
Jiddawi. N. S 22.12.1952 PhD UDSM Full Time 5

Kyewalyanga, M.S* 30.05.1963 PhD Dalhousie Full Time 10

Chauka, L.J 21.02.1976 PhD UDSM Full Time 10
SF 611 Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries
Yahya, S.A.S. 12.08.1958 PhD Stockholm Full Time 10
Msangameno, D.J. 19.06.1974 PhD UDSM Full Time 5
Lokina, R.B* 10.02.1968 PhD Gothernburg Full Time 20
Hepelwa, A.S 12.09.1969 PhD Vub.Brussels Full Time 20
SF 618 Economics of Renewable Resources Shalli, M.S 04.03.1971 PhD UDSM Full Time 15
Kitula, R.A 02.05.1970 PhD UDSM Full Time 10
Jiddawi. N. S 22.12.1952 PhD UDSM Full Time 10
Muhando,C.A* 12.08.1958 PhD UDSM Full Time 15
SF 612 Marine Protected Areas Mohammed, S.M. 15.11.1950 PhD Stockholm Full Time 15
Yahya, S.A. 27.06.1972 PhD Stockholm Full Time 15

52
 Kitula, R.A* 02.05.1970 PhD UDSM Full Time 15
SF613 Fish Trading and Processing Jiddawi, N.S.. 22.12.1952 PhD UDSM Full Time 15
Shalli, M. S 04.03.1971 PhD UDSM Full Time 15
Chauka, L.J * 21.02.1976 PhD UDSM Full Time 20
Mmochi, A.J 27.01.1959 PhD UDSM Full Time 20
SF614 Genetics in Fisheries and Aquaculture
Mtolera, M.S 30.01.1959 PhD Uppsala Full Time 20
Jiddawi, N.S. 22.12.1952 PhD UDSM Full Time 15
Masalu, D.C* 19.07.1960 PhD Tokyo Full Time 15
Nyandwi, N.N 24.12.1959 PhD Bremen Full Time 15
SF615 Biophysical interactions in the
Shaghude, Y.W 05.07.1957 PhD Stockholm Full Time 15
Marine Environment Kyewalyanga, M 30.05.1963 PhD Dalhousie Full Time 15
Msangameno, D .J 19.06.1974 PhD UDSM Full Time 15
Jiddawi, N.S.* 22.12.1952 PhD UDSM Full Time 15
Shalli, M.S 04.03.1971 PhD UDSM Full Time 15
MR 601 Sustainable Utilisation of Coastal
Msangameno, D.J 19.06.1974 PhD UDSM Full Time 15
and Marine Resources
Mangora, M.M 04.03.1969 PhD UDSM Full Time 15
Yahya, S.A.S. 27.06.1972 PhD Stockholm Full Time 15
SF 699:Dissertation 54

(*) = Course coordinator

53
52
9.0. Curriculum Vitae of Academic Staff

9.1.1 Full Name: Dr. Margareth S. Kyewalyanga

9.1.2 Title: Senior Lecturer, IMS, P. O. Box 668, Zanzibar; [email protected]
9.1.3 Status: Full Time
9.1.4 Qualification
i. Academic Qualification
a. PhD (Biological Oceanography), 1992 – 1997: Dalhousie University, Halifax Nova
Scotia, Canada.
b. MSc (Biological Oceanography), 1989 – 1991: Dalhousie University, Halifax Nova
Scotia, Canada.
c. Honours BSc (Chemistry/Botany), 1985 – 1988: University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es
Salaam, Tanzania.
ii. Memberships to Professional Bodies
a. Member & Treasurer for the Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association
(WIOMSA)
9.1.5 Lecturing/Teaching Experience
i) Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, 2009 – to-date, MSc.
9.1.6 Research/Consultancy undertaken in the last 5 years:
1. Seasonal variation in growth rates and carrageenan properties of Kappaphycus alvarezii
and Eucheuma denticulatum cultivated with and without additional nutrients in Uroa,
Zanzibar, Tanzania.
2. Physical drivers of phytoplankton production in the Southern Benguela upwelling system.
3. Phytoplankton production and adaptation in the vicinity of Pemba and Zanzibar Islands,
Tanzania.
4. Phytoplankton production and physiological adaptation on the southeastern shelf of the
Agulhas ecosystem.
5. Preparation of the State of the Coast Report, for the Western Indian Ocean region: Writing
one Chapter
6. Bathymetric and oceanographic study at Ras Kiromoni, Kunduchi, Dar es Salaam.
7. Regional Expert Training Course on Ecosystem Based Management, Valuation of
Ecosystem Goods and Services and Ecosystem Assessments for the Western Indian Ocean
Region.

54
9.2.1 Name: Dr Daudi J. Msangameno
9.2.2 Title: Lecturer, IMS, P. O. Box 668, Zanzibar; [email protected]
9.2.3 Status: Full time
9.2.4 Qualifications
(a) Academic Qualifications
(i) BSc (Ed) (Hons) (1997-2001): University of Dar es salaam
(ii) MSc (2001-2003): Norwegian University of Life Sciences
(iii) PhD (2007-2013): University of Dar es salaam
(b) Membership to Professional Bodies: Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association
(WIOMSA)
9.2.5 Lecturing/Teaching Experience
University of Dar es salaam: 2008 to date, teaching of MSc courses
9.2.6 Research/Consultancy Undertaken in Last 5 Years
1. Assessing the Impact of Human-Induced Disturbances on and the Resilience of the
Infauna Communities Associated With Sea Grass Meadows in Zanzibar, Tanzania.
Funded by Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association (WIOMSA) under
MARG I- Research Grant System (On going)
2. Exercises in Marine Biodiversity and Ecology. An approach for the WIO region coastal
zone. A book-writing project, with limited field work in Tanzania and Mozambique.
Project Funded by Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association (WIOMSA)
under its MASMA Research Grant System. (On going)
3. Implementing Concrete Adaptation Measure to Reduce Vulnerability of Livelihood and
Economy of Coastal Communities of Tanzania. BeingiImplemented by UNEP and the
Vice President’s Office of the Government of Tanzania. Funded by Adaptation Fund
Board (AFB). A Consultant as Coastal Zone Management Specialist. (on going)
4. The Western Indian Ocean State of the Coast report. A consultant for authorship of
Chapter 7 (Intertidal and Near-shore Rocky Reefs). Contracted by the Western Indian
Ocean Marine Science Association and UNEP/Nairobi Convention (On-going)
5. Baseline assessment of the Maruhubi mangrove forest for the proposed establishment
of the Changuu-Bawe Marine Conservation Area (CHABAMCA), Zanzibar.
Commissioned by Marine and Coastal Environment Management Project (MACEMP),
Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries,
Zanzibar.

55
6. Baseline Assessment of the Makoba, Mkokotoni and Tumbatu Mangrove Forest for the
proposed establishment of the Tumbatu Marine Conservation Area (TUMCA), Zanzibar.
Commissioned by Marine and Coastal Environment Management Project (MACEMP),
Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries,
Zanzibar.

9.3.1 Name: Dr. Christopher A. Muhando

9.3.2 Title: Senior Lecturer, IMS, P. O. Box 668, Zanzibar; [email protected]
9.3.3 Status: Full Time
9.3.4 Qualifications:
a) Academic qualifications
(i) BSc 1984-1987, University of Dar es Salaam;
(ii) Postgraduate Diploma, 1988-1989, University of Bergen, Norway.
(iii) MSc 1990-1992, Free University of Brussel, Belgium.
(iv) PhD 1999-2003, University of Dar es Salaam
b) Membership(s) to Professional Bodies
WIOMSA
9.3.5 Lecturing/Teaching Experience:
Institute of Marine Sciences, 1993 – 2015. A-level, BSc, MSc, and PhD.
9.3.6 Research/Consultancy Undertaken in Last 5 Years:
 Simulations of Long-Term Community Dynamics in Coral Reefs - How Perturbations
Shape Trajectories.
 Calibration of community based coral reef monitoring protocols: Tanzania Case
Study:
 Coral Reefs in Chwaka Bay and Adjacent Areas.
 Check list of Tanzania Cnidarians.
 Biophysical Survey in the newly (2010) Gazetted Marine Reserves (Ulenge, Kwale,
Mwewe and Kirui) of Tanga.
 GIS-Based Coastal Sensitivity Maps for Tanzania.
 Baseline Survey Report for the Proposed Dar es Salaam Water Front Land
Reclamation Activity Area (part of TRES activity)
 Monitoring of Sea water temperature (1997 – Present)

56
  Development of the Tanzania Coastal and Marine Digital Atlas (part of
ODINAFRICA and TzNODC activities)

9.4.1 Name: Prof. Ntahondi. M. Nyandwi

9.4.2 Title: Associate Professor, IMS, P. O. Box 668, Zanzibar; [email protected]
9.4.3 Status: Full time
9.4.4 (a) Qualification:
(a) Academic qualifications
(i) 1991 – 1995. University of Bremen, Germany (Dr. rer. Nat. (1995))
(ii) 1986 – 1987. University of Wales, University College of North Wales, Bangor,
U.K. (M.Sc.(1988))
(iii) 1981 – 1984. University of Dar es Salaam (B.Sc. Geol.(1984))
(b) Membership in international bodies:
1). 2000 – to date: Editorial Board, Geo-marine Letters
2). Member of the Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association (WIOMSA)
3). 1996 – to date: Editorial Board Member, Journal of the Tanzania Geological
Society.
4). 1996 – to date: Member of the regional committee on the cooperative use of
research vessels.
5). 1989 - to date: Member "IOC - Editorial Board for the Bathymetric Chart of the
Western Indian Ocean" (IBCWIO).
9.4.5 Teaching and Supervision:
 May 2015: Undergraduate Teaching, Coastal geology, School of Ocean and Coastal
Science, Eduardo Mondlane University, Mozambique
 2008 – Present: Teaching MSc (Physical Oceanography, Marine Geology and
Research Methodology) and supervision of Dissertations and Theses
 1997- Present: Occasional teaching of coastal geology, hydrography and erosion to
undergraduate students from School for International Training (SIT), USA, and
Supervision of independent projects on topics related to Anthropogenic and Natural
Causes of Coastal Erosion in Zanzibar.
 1995 to date: Supervision of undergraduate independent research projects

9.4.6 Research experience for the past 5 years:

57
  2016: ESIA for Fumba Uptown Living and Boat Yard Project, Zanzibar: Physical
Oceanography and Coastal dynamics.
 2015: ESIA for Mtoni Marine Land reclamation project - Baseline information on the
current status on – Oceanography including ocean currents, waves, tides and
sediments transportation at the project area and area of influence and assessment of
the Environmental quality (erosion tendencies) of the project coastline and area of
influence.
 2015: Review of the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment of the
Construction of a Beach Resort and Spa at Michamvi Kae, South District, Zanzibar
 2006 – 2012: Shoreline changes in Tanzania and Kenya, their socio-economic impacts
and mitigation options. The project is funded by WIOMSA/MASMA.
 2009-2010: Empowering NSAs in Tanzania to plan for sustainable coastal livelihood
using decision support tools – Consultancy by UNESCO-IOC.

9.5.1 Name: Dr. Mwanahija S. Shalli

9.5.2 Title: Lecturer, IMS, P. O. Box 668, Zanzibar; [email protected]
9.5.3. Status: Full Time
9.5.4 Qualifications
(a) Academic Qualification
(i) PhD (Marine Sciences), 2006 – 2011, University of Dar es Salaam
(ii) MSc (Natural Resources Management), 2001 – 2003, Sokoine University of Agriculture
(iii) BSc (Forestry), 1992 – 1996, Sokoine Univeresity of Agriculture
(b) Membership(s) to Professional Bodies
- Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association
9.5.5 Lecturing/Teaching Experience- institution, period and level taught
 Teaching and supervising M.Sc. students at the Institute of Marine Sciences: 2011 – to
date,
9.5.6 Research/Consultancy Undertaken in Last 5 Years:
 Assessment of ecologic and socio-economic importance and potential of Wetland
Resources in Torit and Lafon Counties, South Sudan. Funded by ZOA
 Understanding the weather: Fishermen local knowledge and weather forecasting in
Mkinga District, Tanga, Tanzania. Funded by WIOMSA
 East Africa Region Mangrove Carbon Project (EARMCP) implemented in Tanzania and

58
 Mozambique. Funded by USAID Africa Program through US Forest Service International
Program.
 Coastal Ecosystem Service in East Africa (CESEA) Project implemented in Tanzania
(Zanzibar) and Kenya (Gazi Bay). Funded by the UK’s Natural Environment Research
Council (NERC) through Ecosystem Services for Poverty Alleviation (ESPA) program.
 Local Adaptation Investment Planning in Zanzibar: A Baseline Review of Policy and
Institutional Framework. Funded by IIED
 Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) and Environmental and Social Management
Framework (ESMF). South West Indian Ocean Fisheries Governance and Shared Growth
Program (SWIOFish). Funded by the World Bank through Ministry of Livestock and
Fisheries Development, United Republic of Tanzania.
 Support for design of fisheries co-management activities in near-shore waters in Zanzibar.
Funded by the World Bank.
 Understanding and predicting adaptive capacity to climate change of mangroves and
mangrove dependent communities in Zanzibar. Part of MASMA Funded Research Project.
 An Assessment of Legal and Institutional Framework for Effective Management of
Marine Managed Areas in Tanzania. Marine Conservation Unit, Zanzibar and Marine
Parks and Reserves Unit, Dar es Salaam.
 Evaluation for the Environment, Development, Governance and Education (EDGE)
Project along the Songas pipeline. Funded by Tanzania Forest Conservation Group
(TFCG)
 Socio-economic Survey in communities of Tanga Marine Reserves, Tanzania. Funded by
Marine Park and Reserve Unit (MPRU).
 Development of Socioeconomic and Environmental Health baseline survey methods and
tools for Ras Mkumbuu, Pemba, Tanzania. Funded by Health Sector Program Support,
DANIDA.
 Local Economic Development Plan for Kilwa, Pemba (Tanzania) and Mombasa
(Kenya) coastal communities. EcoAfrica Environmental Consultants.
 Investigations and assessment of impacts of vibrations from the processing plant to
seaweed production at the Songo Songo Island and their mitigation measures. Ministry of
Energy and Minerals, United Republic of Tanzania.

9.6.1 Name: Dr. Mwita M. Mangora

59
9.6.2 Title: Lecturer, IMS, P. O. Box 668, Zanzibar; [email protected]
9.6.3 Status: Full Time
9.6.4 Qualifications
(a) Academic Qualification
(i) PhD (Marine Sciences), 2007-2012, University of Dar es Salaam
(iii) MSc (Natural Resources Management), 2000 – 2002, Sokoine University of Agriculture
(iii) BSc (Forestry), 1993 – 1996, Sokoine University of Agriculture
(b) Membership(s) to Professional Bodies
- IUCN Species Survival Commission, Mangrove Specialist Group
- Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association
- Western Indian Ocean Mangrove Network
9.6.5 Lecturing/Teaching Experience- institution, period and level taught
University of Dar es Salaam, Institute of Marine Sciences: 2011 - todate
a. Course MR 603 Applied Marine and Coastal Ecology for MSc
b. Course MR 608 Conservation Science for MSc
c. Course MR 601 Sustainable Utilization of Coastal and Marine Resources for MSc
d. Course RM 602 Environmental Assessment
9.7.6 Research/Consultancy Undertaken in Last 5 Years:
The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB) in the Rufiji River Basin in Tanzania.
Funded by UNEP.
East Africa Region Mangrove Carbon Project (EARMCP) implemented in Tanzania and
Mozambique. Funded by USAID Africa Program through US Forest Service
International Program.
Coastal Ecosystem Service in East Africa (CESEA) Project implemented in Tanzania
(Zanzibar) and Kenya (Gazi Bay). Funded by the UK’s Natural Environment Research
Council (NERC) through Ecosystem Services for Poverty Alleviation (ESPA) program.
Impact of Protection on Ecological Dynamics in Mangroves of Wami Estuary, Saadani
National Park, Tanzania. Funded by West Indian Ocean Marine Science Association
(WIOMSA).
Documenting and communicating background information for a climate vulnerability
assessment in the RUMAKI seascape, Tanzania. WWF Tanzania Country Office, Dar es
Salaam.
Local Adaptation Investment Planning in Zanzibar: A baseline Review of Policy and
Institutional Framework. First Vice President’s Office, Revolutionary Government of

60
 Zanzibar, Tanzania. Funded by International Institute for Environment and
Development, UK.
Biodiversity, ecological integrity and ecosystem services of mangroves under contrasting
management regimes in Tanzania. Project implemented in the mangroves of Wami
Estuary (Saadani National Park) and Ruvu Estuary. Funded by Rufford Foundation of
UK.
Ecophysiology of Mangrove Seedlings: Responses to Waterlogging, Salinity, Light and
Nutrient Enrichment. Ph.D Thesis. University of Dar es Salaam.
Legal and Institutional Framework for Effective Management of Marine Managed Areas in
Tanzania. Mainland Tanzania. Marine Parks and Reserves Unit, Dar es Salaam,
Tanzania.
Legal and Institutional Framework for Effective Management of Marine Managed Areas in
Tanzania. Zanzibar Report. Marine Conservation Unit, Zanzibar, Tanzania.
Project Evaluation for the Environment, Development, Governance and Education (EDGE)
Project along the Songas Pipeline. Tanzania Forest Conservation Group (TFCG), Dar es
Salaam.
Socio-economic baseline survey of communities adjacent Tanga Marine Reserves, Tanzania.
Marine Parks and Reserves Unit (MPRU), Dar es Salaam.
Design of socio-economic and health baseline survey tools for Wesha and Ndagoni
communities, Ras Mkumbuu, Pemba. DANIDA - Health Sector Programme Support,
Zanzibar component, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Zanzibar.

9.7.1 Full Name: Dr. Matern Stephen Prosper Mtolera

9.7.2 Title: Senior Lecture, IMS, P. O. Box 668, Zanzibar; [email protected]
9.7.3 Status: Full Time
9.7.4 Qualifications:
(a) Ph.D. (Plant Physiology, Four Years) University of Uppsala (1996); M.Sc.
(Applied Algology, Two Years) University of Las Palmas (1994), M.Sc.
(Applied Microbiology, Two Years) University of Dar es Salaam (1991). B.Sc.
(with Education -Hons, Three Years) University of Dar es Salaam (1988)
(b) Member - Western Indian Ocean Marine Sciences Association (WIOMSA);
Scientific Advisory Board Member for the Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine
Ecology (ZMT) in Bremen, Germany
9.7.5 Lecturing/Teaching Experience: University of Dar es Salaam, 2009 – 2015, MSc

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 program; 2000-2015, Oversees (USA, EU) undergraduate visiting students
9.7.6 Research/Consultancy Undertaken in Last 5 Years:
 Assessment of the impact of natural gas processing plant to seaweed
production at the Songosongo Island and their mitigation measures;
 Tropical “Blue Carbon”: Assessing the carbon sequestering capacity of
seagrass habitats at the coastal seas of the western Indian Ocean region;
 Fish nutrition and feed technology: indigenous plant protein sources, food
analysis in fish feeds, physiology of food satiation and deprivation, fish feed
quality control, live feed production systems;

9.8.1 Full Name: Yohana W Shaghude

9.8.2 Title: Senior Lecturer, IMS, P. O. Box 668, Zanzibar; [email protected]
9.8.3 Status: Full Time
9.8.4 Qualifications:
(a) Academic qualifications:
i. PhD (Sedimentology), 1996 – 2001, Stockholm University (2001).
ii. MSc (Oceanography, 1988-1990, University of Southampton (1990)
iii. Postgraduate Diploma (Marine Affairs, 1991-1992, Dalhousie University (1992);
iv. BSc (Geology), 1983-1986, University of Dar es Salaam (1986);
(b) Membership to professional bodies:
i. Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association (WIOMSA)
ii. African Association of Remote Sensing of the Environment (AARSE).
9.8.5 Lecture experience: UDSM, Institute of Marine Sciences; 2009 – Present:
i. GI 602: Research Methodology for Marine Scientists (MSc level)
ii. GI 604: Case Studies iin GIS and Remote Sensing (MSc level);
iii. GI 605: Advanced Image Processing for Marine and Coastal Environment (MSc
level);
iv. OC 605: Applied Marine Geology and Geophysics (MSc level).
9.8.6 Research/Consultancy undertaken during the last five years
 Shoreline change in Tanzania and Kenya, Western Indian Ocean Marine Science
Association (WIOMSA) funded project (2006 – 2015).
 Europe – Africa Marine EO Network (EAMNet) Project, Project coordinator at
IMS, European Union funded project, 2010 - 2013

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  Bathymetric and Oceanographic study at Ras Kiromoni, Dar es Salaam ; I.D.E
Technologies Limited funded project (2014).
 Sedimentological study of Lake Tanganyika South Block ; Beach Petroleum
(Tanzania) funded project (2014).
 The Pwani Project supported by the Tanzania Coastal management Partnership
(TCMP) through USAID (2011 – 2013).
 Tanzania Marine Ecosystem Diagnostics Analysis (MEDA) : Agulhas and Somali
Current Large Marine Ecosystem (ASCLIME) Project ; 2011 – 2012.

9.9.1 Name: Dr. Rukia Kitula

9.9.2 Title: Lecturer, IMS, P. O. Box 668, Zanzibar; [email protected]
9.9.3 Status: Full Time

Qualifications
(a) Academic Qualifications
(i) PhD (2007 – 2012) Sokoine University of Agriculture
(ii) MSc (Natural Resources Management), 2000 – 2001, Sokoine University of Agriculture
(iii) BSc (Forestry), 1994 – 1996, Sokoine University of Agriculture
(b) Membership(s) to Professional Bodies
 Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association
 African Forest Forum
 Conserve Africa Foundation
 Lecturing/Teaching Experience- institution, period and level taught
Institute of Marine Sciences, taught for 2 years Msc students
9.9.6 Research/Consultancy Undertaken in Last 5 Years
 Madoffe, S. and Kitula, R.A. (2013-14). Facilitating stakeholders to apply multi-
sectoral consultative forum for mitigating conflicting interests to ensure sustainable
management of mangrove resources in the Rufiji Delta Tanzania.
 Kitula R.A. (2013-14). Marine tenure regimes in Mafia Island, Tanzania: Influence on
climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies, livelihoods and condition of
fishery resources
 Kitula, R. A. (2012). Scope, potential and implementation of mitigation activities on
mangrove forests in Eastern and Southern Africa

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9.10.1 Name; Dr. Saleh A.S. Yahya
9.10.2 Title; Lecturer, IMS, P. O. Box 668, Zanzibar; [email protected]
9.10.3 Status; Full Time
9.10.4 Qualifications
2011: PhD in Marine Biology, Stockholm University, Sweden.
2008: L.Phil. in Animal Ecology, Stockholm University, Sweden
2003: MSc in Marine Biology, University of Dar es Salaam
1997: University of Dar es Salaam; B.Sc. (Hons) in Zoology and Marine Biology#
9.10.5 Lecturing/Teaching Experience-
Instructor in the postgraduate courses MR 601: Sustainable Utilization of Marine and Coastal
Resources and RM 602: Environmental Assessment, at the Institute of Marine Sciences,
University of Dar es Salaam
1. Co-supervisor: Alfred James Magoto. MSc on ‘An Assessment of Heavy Metals
Distribution in Sediment, Water and their Bioaccumulation in Marine Fish of
Msimbazi Bay, Dar es Salaam’. 2014 to date.
2. Co-supervisor: Joseph Matata. MSc on ‘Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Concentration in Water and Fish Samples Collected from Selected Sites of Dar es
Salaam Coastal Waters’. 2014 to date.
3. Supervisor: Eylem Elma, Stockholm University. MPhil Project on ‘ Resilience
effects in coral reefs and seagrass ecosystems’. May 2013 to date.
4. Supervisor: Hamisi Salehe, University of Dar es Salaam. MSc on ‘Seasonal
abundance and distribution of Carangidae found in Zanzibar coastal waters’ Feb
2013 to date.
5. Supervisor: Levinus Leonard, UDSM. MSc on ‘Assessment of some commercial
finfish species in mangrove systems of Kisakasaka and Uzi, Zanzibar’. 2011 to
2013.
6. Visiting lecturer in Biology and supervisor for final year Science Projects,
Chukwani College of Education, Zanzibar, 2003 - 2006:
9.11.6 Research/Consultancy Undertaken in Last 5 Years:
 Rehabilitation of coral reefs in Zanzibar, Pilot Study. Dec 2014. For 2nd Vice president’s
Office, Zanzibar and Tourism Lab.

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 Local facilitator, Revision and consolidation of the Zanzibar Fisheries Policy. Smartfish
project of the Indian Ocean Commission, Zanzibar Government and WIOMSA. May –
December 2014.
 Coastal scientist for the study ‘Social Investment in Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
in Zanzibar’. Shell, Samaki Consultants. Apr 2014 – June 2014
 Mar – Apr 2014. Ground-truthing and habitat mapping in Pemba for the Indian Ocean
Coral Reef Atlas.
 Local facilitator, Preparation of a strategy for improved fisheries governance and
management in Zanzibar. Smartfish project of the Indian Ocean Commision, Zanzibar
Government and WIOMSA. Mar 2014
 Environmental conditions in Block 2, offshore Tanzania. Marine biology input. For COWI
and Statoil. Mar – Apr 2013.

9.11.1 Dr. Narriman S. Jiddawi

9.11.2 Title: Senior Lecturer, IMS, P. O. Box 668, Zanzibar; [email protected]
9.11.3 Status: Full Time
9.11.4 (a) Academic Qualification-
PhD Marine biology, University of Dar es Salaam (2000).
M.Sc., Fisheries Biology and Management, University of North Wales, Bangor (1987)
B.Sc., Zoology/Botany/Education, University of Dar es Salaam (1980)
(b) Membership(s) to Professional Bodies
 Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association
 Shark Specialist group of IUCN
 Network of Tropical Aquaculture Society
 IOBB Tanzania
 East African Wildlife Society
 Wildlife Conservation Society of Tanzania
9.11.5 Lecturing/Teaching Experience
 Supervision (5 Phd, 3 Msc students)
 Teaching an Msc course
 Teaching Marine biology field course (MB320) of the Zoology and Marine Biology
Department, faculty of Science UDSM.
9.11.6 Research/Consultancy Undertaken in Last 5 Years:

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1. Aquaculture experience. Oyster growth and spat settlement, pearl farming. Culture of
bivalves and Crab fattening, 2010 to present. Pearl farming: 2010 to present
2. Socio studies and Development of alternative livelihoods to coastal communities e.g.
In Fumba peninsula development, shell craft using shells. 2010 to present and founder
members of Kizimkazi dolphin tourism association in 2010.
3. Macro benthos of mangrove forests-and economic valuation of coastal resources
including mangroves.
4. Participatory Fish stock assessment (PARFISH) monitoring (fish catch, effort, species,
seasonality etc). Participatory Fisheries stock assessment through MRAG support at
Kizimkazi, Mafia Chwaka crab fishery 2014.
5. Nursery function of Chwaka bay, Mizingani on an annual basis
6. Marine mammal project Conducting research on community participation in dolphin
tourism and bycatch of dolphins in gillnets in collaboration within with FAWE and
university of Newcastle.
7. Artisanal fisheries monitoring (catch, effort, species, seasonality etc) at Matemwe and
Mkokotoni under CIDA support and Coral reef of the Indian Ocean Project
(CORDIO), Ongoing.
8. Biological studies of fish, e.g., Nemipterus delagoae and R.kanagurta
9. Spawning aggregations of Fish: The study of Epinephalus lanceolatus at Kizimkazi.
2010 to present
10. Fisheries Frame and Socio economic Survey 2010 to present
11. Participatory community monitoring of fisheries activities at Bagamoyo under TCMP
12. Macro benthos of East Africa project under EU support
13. Computer knowledge (Word processing, Graphics, Statistics. Fisat. Ceda, LFSA )
14. Reviewer of research project proposals of the Tanzania Commission for Science and
Technology (COSTECH) 2010 to present
15. Reviewer of research project proposals of the Land O'Lakes Cooperative
Development Program 2015 May
16. Bycatch and Dugong MASMA projects since 2014 in collaboration with counterparts
from UK, Sweden, Kenya.
17. EDULINK Project Towards sustainable and equitable management of fisheries in
Africa. 2013-2016 with Universities of Alicante, Newcastle, Eduardo Mondlane.
Mauritus and Seychelles

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 18. Hatchery Project at IMS funded by Oyster creek company through Woods hole
University 2010 to present

9.12.1 Name: Dr. Salim M. Mohammed

9.12.2 Title: Senior Lecturer, IMS, P. O. Box 668, Zanzibar; [email protected]
9.12.3 Status: Full Time
9.12.4 Academic Qualification:
BSc (Chemistry & Marine Biology/Oceanography): UDSM, Dar es Salaam, 1980
MSc (Oceanography): Southampton University, UK. 1983
PGD (Marine Affairs): Dalhousie University, Dalhousie, Canada, 1988
PhD (Ecology): Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden: 1998
9.12.5 Lecturing/Teaching Experience: UDSM (2009 – present) at MSc level
9.12.6 Research/Consultancy Undertaken:
1 Nutrients and pesticides pollution in Chwaka Bay.
2 The Destruction of the Kisakasaka Commons: A solution to this tragedy?
3 The Changing Social Relations of a Community-Based Mangrove Forest Project In
Zanzibar.
4 Treatment of tropical domestic wastewater by UASB reactor inoculated with effective
microorganism consortium – COD and suspended solids removal.

9.13.1 Name: Razack Bakari Lokina

9.13.2 Ass Prof, UDSM-Economics, P. O. Box 35045, Dar es Salaam; [email protected]
9.13.3 Status: Full time
9.13.4 (a) Academic qualification
University of Gothenburg 1999-2005 Ph.D. (Environmental and Resource Econ.)
University of Dar es Salaam 1995-1997 M.A. (Economics)
University of Dar es Salaam 1992-1995 B.A. (Economics)
9.13.5 Teaching experience
1. Environmental and natural resources economics for undergraduate, UDSM
2. Applied Statistical methods and Econometrics for undergraduate, Masters and PhD, UDSM
3. Socio-economics aspects of marine and coastal ecosystems, MSc, IMS, UDSM
9.13.6 Research and consultancy experience
1. A number of research and consultancy works in the field of forestry. In particular on
the issues of PFM, REDD and PES.

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 2. Team member in the study on the Establishment of the Mechanism for Payment of
Water Environmental Service in Tanzania.
3. Team member in conducting Cost-Benefit analysis of the Government’s projects
which were under the MCC.
4. Team of expert in conducting a study on Integrated Ecosystem Assessment, which is
a global initiative to protect the mountain ecosystem.
5. Preparation of the State of the Coastal reports (data analysis, and report writing).
6. Team leader in Project and programme reviews and evaluation on environment and
natural resources management as well as information and knowledge management.
7. EIA study of the Serengeti Ecosystem aimed at assessing the impact of road
construction across the Serengeti Ecosystem.
8. Key researcher and team leader in conducting the Economic Valuation of the Ihefu
Wetland an initiative under the VPO funded by UNEP.
9. Team leader of group of experts in conducting a study on Poverty- Local
Ecosystems Income Generation using Economic Instruments for Sustainable
Utilization of Environmental Resources: the case of Lake Victoria region Funded by
UNDP/UNEP/POPC.

9.14.1 Full Name: Dr. Aloyce Shaban Hepelwa

9.14.2 Title: Lecturer, UDSM, P. O. Box 35096, Dar es Salaam; [email protected]
9.14.3 Full Time
9.14.4 (a) Qualification
PhD – Vrije University Brussels (VUB), Belgium, 2007 – 2011
M.A - Makerere University (MUK), Uganda, 2000 - 2002
B.A - University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM), Tanzania, 1994 - 1997
(b) Membership
 International Society for Ecological Economics (ISEE)
9.14.5 Teaching experience
1 Environmental and natural resources economics for undergraduate, UDSM
2 Applied Statistical methods and Econotrics for undergraduate, Masters and PhD,
UDSM
3 Socio-economics aspects of marine and coastal ecosystems, Masters, Institutes of
marine sciences, UDSM
4 Environmental economics and management for undergraduate, Ardhi University

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 5 Economics and legislation for wildlife conservation, Department of Zoology, UDSM
6 Quantitative methods (mathematics) for undergraduate, UDSM
7 Policy and Planning for postgraduate, Open University of Tanzania
8 Analytical software [STATA, SPSS, FRONTIER4] for undergraduate and postgraduate
9.14.6 Research and consultancy experience
(i) Poverty-Environment Policy Analysis for MKUKUTA II, report submitted to Ministry
of Finance
(ii) Poverty-local ecosystems income generation using economic instruments for
sustainable utilization of environmental resources: Case study – Lake Victoria - On
going
(iii) The Feasibility study on the National Registration and Identification System in
Tanzania.
(iv) Study of How Tanzania can cope and Benefit from Globalization – President’s
Office, Planning Commission.
(v) Strengthening Pro-poor Wetland Conservation Using Integrated Economic,
Livelihoods and Biodiversity Assessments (IUCN project
(vi) Socioeconomic Development and Benefit Sharing Project of Nile Basin Initiative
(vii) Eastern Arc Mountain Forestry Strategy: Thematic strategy: Mechanism for
Payment for Water Environmental Services in Tanzania, Rufiji River basin, Tanzania
(viii) Economic Valuation of the Forests Ecosystem services - Leaver Hume Project
(ix) The study on the Informal Sector and Self-Employment: Skill-gaps and Training
needs for University Graduates in Tanzania”
(x) Rethinking the Youth Unemployment Problem in Tanzania in the Era of
Globalization: Creating Decent Employment Opportunities
(xi) Establishment of Minimum wage for Private Sector in Tanzania
(xii) Environmental Flow Assessment Program in Pangani River Basin (IUCN project)
(xiii) Contribution of Environmental Resources to the National Economy.
(xiv) Economic Valuation of Ihefu Wetlands: Poverty and environment linkages – UNEP,
UNDP project
(xv) Resource Flows for Population Activities and Development for Year 2008 (UNFPA)
(xvi) Resource Flows for Population Activities and Development for Year 2009
(UNFPA)
(xvii) The Impact of Fertilizer subsidy on cereal crops production and land conservation
in Tanzania. Environment for development Project – on going

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 (xviii) Sustainable financing options of the climate change and variability adaptation
measures by rural smallholder farmers in Tanzania, on going

9.15.1 Name: Dr Aviti John Mmochi

9.15.2 Senior Lecturer, IMS, P. O. Box 668, Zanzibar; [email protected]
9.15.3 Full time
9.15.4 Qualifications
(i) Academic qualifications
10 PhD (Chemistry), 2000 – 2005, University of Dar es Salaam (2005)
11 MSc (Marine Chemistry), 1991 – 1993, University of the Ryukyus (1993)
12 BSc (Ed (Chemistry/Biology)), 1983 – 1986, University of Dar es Salaam (1986)
(ii) Membership to Professional Bodies
9 African Network for Chemical Analysis of Pesticides (ANCAP) – Executive Secretary,
2002 - Present
10 Society for Ecotoxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) Africa Brach, General Secretary,
2013 – Present
11 International Society of Mangrove Ecosystem, member, 1992 – Present
12 Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association, Member, 1996 – Present
13 WIOMSA Mariculture Forum, Moderator, 2006 – 2008, Node leader at IMS,
9.15.5 Lecturing/Teaching Experience
Institute of Marine Sciences (UDSM) from 2010 – Date teaching MSc (Marine Sciences) by
course work and dissertation
i. Research/Consultancy
i. Development of low cost, environmentally friendly energy to improve water
circulation and provide electricity to mariculture activities, ReCoMap European
Union project, Principal Investigator, Completed in 2011.
ii. Training of two MSc students in marine pollution, Dominion Tanzania Ltd, Principal
Investigator, 2011 – 2013.
iii. Mariculture in Mtwara District by UWASA, SWISSAID, Advisor, 2011 – 2016.
iv. Capacity Building through establishment and strengthening of Aquatic and
environment health, NORAD, 2013 – 2018.
v. Building Stronger Universities Through Integrated Agriculture and Aquaculture, Co-
investigator, DANIDA

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9.16.1 Name: Prof. Dr Desiderius CP Masalu
9.16.2 Title: Associate Professor, IMS, P. O. Box 668, Zanzibar; [email protected]
9.16.3 Status: Full Time
9.16.4 Qualifications:
(a) Academic Qualifications
Degree: Offering Institution and Year Obtained:
i) Dr Sci (Geophysics) University of Tokyo (1994)
ii) MSc (Geophysics) University of Tokyo (1991)
iii) BSc (Geology)(Hons) University of Dar es Salaam (1987)
iv) BSc (Comp. Sci.) American Institute for Computer Science (1995)
v) LEAD Fellow LEAD International (2001 for life)
(b) Membership(s) to Professional Bodies:
 Member of the Board of The Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute (TAFIRI) –
15 Sept. 2012 – Present.
 Member of the Technical Core Group of the Tanzania Continental Shelf
Extension Committee, since 2007.
 Member of the IODE Committee (National Co-ordinator) of the
IOC/UNESCO since 2000.
 Member of the Western Indian Ocean Marine Sciences Association.
 Member of the American Geophysical Union since 1991.
9.16.5 Lecturing/Teaching Experience:
University of Dar es Salaam 1987 – Now B.Sc., M.Sc. & PhD
9.16.6 Research/Consultancy Undertaken in Last 5 Years:
i. Masalu, D. C. P., Global Mid-Ocean Ridges Mantle Tomography Profiles. Earth
Sciences, Vol. 4, No. 2, 80-88, DOI: 10.11648/j.earth.20150402.13, 2015.
ii. Masalu, D. C. P., Absolute Migration of Pacific Basin Mid-Ocean Ridges Since 85
Ma and Tectonics in the Circum-Pacific Region. New Zealand Journal of Geology
and Geophysics, DOI: 10.1080/00288306.2010.548768, 54(02), 249 - 254.
iii. Masalu, D. C. P., Shalli, M. S. na Kitula, R. A., Mila na Miiko: Nafasi ya ujuzi
asilia katika usimamizi wa rasilimali za samaki na miamba ya matumbawe
Tanzania. ISBN: 978-1-921317-09-5, 64 pp. 2011.

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 iv. Masalu, D. C. P., Mapping Absolute Migration of the Indian Triple Junction Since
75 Ma and Implication for its Evolution, The Open Geology Journal, doi:
10.2174/1874262901004010058, 4, 58-61, 2010.
v. Masalu D. C. P., Capacities Available in the ASCLME Region, Consultancy Report
Submitted to ODINAFRICA, IOC/UNESCO Nairobi Office, PP 64, 2011

9.17.1 Full Name: Dr. Leonard J. Chauka

9.17.2 Title: Lecturer, IMS, P. O. Box 668, Zanzibar; [email protected]
9.17.3 Status: Full Time
9.17.4 Qualifications:
(a) PhD (Marine Sciences), University of Dar es Salaam (2012); MSc (Dryland
Biodiversity), Addis Ababa University (2004); BSc (Education), University of Dar
es Salaam (2001)
(b) Membership
o Western Indian Ocean Marine Sciences Association (WIOMSA)
o Member, Sustainable Utilization of Natural Resources (SUNARE)
9.17.5 Lecturing/Teaching Experience:
 University of Dar es Salaam, Teaching MSc program since 2010
 Full Time Biology and Chemistry Teacher at Loyola High School (2001 – 2002)
9.17.6 Research/Consultancy Undertaken in Last 5 Years:
i. Diversity and Distribution of Free living Symbiodinium in Tanzanian Waters.
ii. Molecular and Physiological Study of Symbiodinium Harboured by Reef Building
Corals of Tanzania in Relation to Environmental Stress

9.18.1 Full Name: Prof. Hamudi I. Majamba*

9.18.2 Title: Professor, UDSM, P. O. Box 35091, Dar es Salaam; [email protected]
9.18.3 Full Time
9.18.4 (a) Qualification
PhD – Northeastern University, Boston, 1999
LL.M - Queen's University in Ontario, Canada, 1994
LL.B - University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM), Tanzania, 1992
(b) Membership
 Tanganyika Law Society

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  East African Law Society
 Member of Environmental Law Alliance World-wide,
 Member of African Studies Association and Wildlife Conservation Society
9.18.5 Teaching experience
 Teaches Law
(*) To be consulted for more details.

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