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5G NR Optimization

The document summarizes a training on Verizon 5G NR Optimization provided by Samsung Electronics. It covers the following key topics in 5G NR: 1) Flexible numerology and waveforms to support diverse services and spectrum bands with subcarrier spacing down to 15 kHz. 2) Low latency techniques such as mini-slots of 2-7 symbols and grant-free uplink to enable 1ms latency. 3) Multi-beam operation and beam management to improve coverage and capacity through beamforming and tracking user location.

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100% found this document useful (3 votes)

2K views

5G NR Optimization

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samayele

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SEA Networks Training

Verizon 5G NR
Optimization
Revision: 1A
Course Code: VZP305
Presented by: Israel Olmedo
© Samsung Electronics. All Rights Reserved. Confidential and Proprietary.
ⓒ 2020 SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.

All Rights Reserved. No part of this document may be photocopied, reproduced,

stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means whether,
electronic, mechanical, or otherwise without the prior written permission of SAMSUNG
Electronics Co., Ltd.

No warranty of accuracy is given concerning the contents of the information

contained in this publication. To the extent permitted by law no liability (including
liability to any person by reason of negligence) will be accepted by SAMSUNG
Electronics Co., Ltd., its subsidiaries or employees for any direct or indirect loss or
damage caused by omissions from or inaccuracies in this document.

SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. reserves the right to change details in this publication
without notice.

[Samsung Networks Website]

Official Website: www.samsungnetworks.com
YouTube: www.youtube.com/samsung5g

© Samsung Electronics. All Rights Reserved.

Course Contents
 5G New Radio Introduction

 Numerology and NR Concepts

 Radio Procedures

 Scheduling & HARQ Functionality

 Multi-Beam Operation

2
© Samsung Electronics. All Rights Reserved.
5G Requirements & NR
Key Technologies

3
© Samsung Electronics. All Rights Reserved.
5G Use Cases and Requirements
 IMT-2020 (International Mobile Telecommunications) capabilities consisting of 8 Key
Performance Indicators (KPIs)

 The KPIs are derived from 3 main 5G use cases (EMBB, URLLC, Massive MTC)

Peak Data Rate Edge Throughput

Mobile Cloud UHD Streaming (20 Gbps) (100 Mbps)
Computing
20 100
Peak 20 Gbps IMT-2020
10
Edge 100 Mbps Area Traffic 1
enhanced Capacity Spectrum
Mobile-Broadband (Mbit/s/m2) 10 3x Efficiency
1 1x
0.1

Ultra-Reliable &
5G massive Machine-Type
100x

Network
10x
1x

IMT-Advanced
350
400
500

Mobility
Low Latency Communications Energy Efficiency (km/h)
105 10

10-5 Error-rate 106 Connections/km2 106 1

1 ms Latency 10 year Battery-life
Connection Density Latency
(devices/km2) (1 ms)

Smart Vehicle Industrial Smart Home/ U-Health/

Automation Smart City Wearables
Reference ITU-R M.2083, IMT-2020 Vision 4
© Samsung Electronics. All Rights Reserved.
5G Technical Vision

20Gbps
Peak Throughput

1ms
Latency

1Million
Devices/Km2

International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

5
© Samsung Electronics. All Rights Reserved.
5G NR Key Technologies

6
© Samsung Electronics. All Rights Reserved.
Waveform and Flexible Numerology
 OFDM-based waveform continues to be used also in NR
 CP-OFDM (Cyclic-Prefix Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) in DL
 CP-OFDM and DFT-S-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform Spread) in UL
 Diverse numerologies are supported for new spectrum and vertical services
 LTE subcarrier spacing is limited to 15 kHz and therefore not suitable for higher frequencies
 NR supports flexible subcarrier spacing
 Multiplexing different numerologies in time or/and frequency domain is possible
 Removal of CRS (Cell-specific Reference Signal) for forward compatibility

7
© Samsung Electronics. All Rights Reserved.
Low Latency (1/2)
 Low latency Applications can be supported by Mini-slot
 Mini-slot can contain 2, 4 or 7 OFDM symbols (LTE: 14 OFDM symbols/subframe). Mini-slots are not only
useful for low-latency applications (uRLLC), but they also play an important role in LTE-NR coexistence
and beamforming
NR-mini-slot with less NR slot/mini-slot with
LTE Subframe: 1 msec (14 OFDM syms) OFDM syms larger subcarrier spacing

 In TDD, faster UL feedback (1 ms or less) for downlink transmission (LTE 5 or 10 ms)

10 msec ≥1 ms (for 15kHz)

1 ms

 Grant free uplink transmission (LTE scheduling request based UL transmission, see below)

Downlink

Uplink
Scheduling request periodicity (10 ms assumed) 8
© Samsung Electronics. All Rights Reserved.
Low Latency (2/2)
 The gNB can interrupt ongoing transmission of non-critical traffic to make transmission of
latency-critical traffic

 Preemption indication and CBG (Code Block Group) based retransmission to minimize the
impact of such interruptions to latency non-critical traffic

eNB starts TX for UE A eNB interrupts TX for UE A

(7 OFDM symbols) To transmit latency critical data for UE B

Out of 7 OFDM symbols, UE A’s data is carried on only 6 symbols and symbol #4 is corrupted OFDM symbol

TB (Transport Block) CRC

CRC

CB CB CB CB CB CB CB CB CB CB
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 4 5 6

CBG0 CBG1 CBG2 CBGc=1

The size of the CBG (i.e., how many CB are in a CBS) is specified by RRC message
9
© Samsung Electronics. All Rights Reserved.
MIMO and Beam Management
 NR-MIMO key technology to achieve 3 times the spectral efficiency of LTE-A

 Multi-beam based operation improves the coverage for high frequency band (e.g. 28 GHz)

 There are beams for UL & DL and beam pair is created between UE & gNB for better
communication

 Dynamic adaptation between closed  UE indication of the best DL beam

 LTE’s CSI is not accurate enough to (low mobility) and open (high mobility)
suppress MU interference  gNB indication of the beam direction
loop MIMO
for the UE to transmit or receive
 NR’s advanced CSI provides  Open loop MIMO supported via cycling
improvement for MU transmissions  Beam failure report via L1 signaling
of different precoding
 MU is used to represent the prefix  The 5G NR will use the close loop for
multiplier static and open loop for fast moving UE

10
© Samsung Electronics. All Rights Reserved.
Channel Coding
 LDPC for data to support very high data rate (~75 Gbps for <6 GHz~276 Gbps for >6 GHz) without
too large complexity and power consumption at the channel decoder

 Polar code and Reed-Muller code for control channels

 LDPC (Low density parity check) is used for the first time in 5G and it is better coding scheme
for higher bit rate but we still use polar codes for control

 LDPC consumes 10 times less power than turbo  LDPC requires 5 times smaller chip area than turbo

11
© Samsung Electronics. All Rights Reserved.
UE Power Saving
 In LTE, most UE power is spent on monitoring DL control signaling without being scheduled

 NR includes mechanisms for improved UE power consumption

 Bandwidth part (BWP) operation enabling UE to shrink its RF when no immediate data is available

 Reduction of UE operations for monitoring DL control signaling to reduce UE power consumption when
not likely to be scheduled

DRX
Control only
Data+Control

55~65%
35~45%

3~5%

UE power consumption analysis

12
© Samsung Electronics. All Rights Reserved.
New L2 Features
 Hardware-friendly packetization for support of ultra-high speed data transmission

 New state for low latency and power saving between connected and idle state

 LTE packetization is not suitable for ultra high speed  Allows for UE battery saving similar to idle state
data transmission due to variable header size at RLC  Minimize the signaling overhead and latency for
and MAC layers transition between different states
 NR packetization is more hardware-friendly due to
fixed size and location of RLC and MAC headers

LTE packetization High Speed packetization

IDLE INACTIVE CONNECTED

13
© Samsung Electronics. All Rights Reserved.
5G Architecture & Functions

14
© Samsung Electronics. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter Contents
 5G Architecture Options

 Interfaces & Protocols

 NR RAN functions

 Deployment Options

 Radio Bearers

15
© Samsung Electronics. All Rights Reserved.
5G NSA Architecture (EN-DC)
 5G Overall Architecture

MME/S-GW MME/S-GW

EPC

S1- U
U S1-
S1-U

S1-U
S1
S1
S1

S1
X2-U E-UTRAN
en-gNB en-gNB
X2

X2
X2
eNB eNB

MME S-GW
S1-MME

S1-U
-U

X2-C X2-U
MeNB en-gNB MeNB en-gNB

16
© Samsung Electronics. All Rights Reserved.
5G RAN Architecture NSA
 A gNB can support FDD mode, TDD mode or dual mode operation

 A gNB may consist of a gNB-CU ( Central Unit ) and one or more gNB-DUs (Distributed Units)

 A gNB-CU and a gNB-DU is connected via F1 interface

 One gNB-DU is connected to only one gNB-CU

EPC

S1-C / S1-U S1-U

RAN

X2 gNB
gNB-CU

LTE eNB F1 F1

gNB-DU gNB-DU

3GPP Reference TS 38.401 17-07 17

© Samsung Electronics. All Rights Reserved.
5G Architecture Options
 Support dual connectivity between gNB and LTE eNB / eLTE eNB

Dual Connectivity Single Connectivity

Option 3 (EN-DC) Option 3a (EN-DC) Option 3x (EN-DC) Option 2 (NR Stand-alone)

EPC EPC EPC NGC
S1-C S1-U S1-C S1-U S1-U S1-C S1-U S1-U NG-C NG-U

LTE eNB gNB LTE eNB gNB LTE eNB gNB gNB

Option 7 (NGEN-DC) Option 7a (NGEN-DC) Option 7x (NGEN-DC) Option 5 (Rel.15 LTE WI)

NGC NGC NGC NGC

NG-C NG-U
NG-C NG-U NG-C NG-U NG-U NG-C NG-U NG-U

eLTE eNB gNB eLTE eNB gNB eLTE eNB gNB eLTE eNB

Option 4 (NE-DC) Option 4a (NE-DC)

NGC NGC
NG-C NG-U NG-U NG-C NG-U

eLTE eNB gNB eLTE eNB gNB

3GPP Reference TS 38.801, TS 38.912 18

© Samsung Electronics. All Rights Reserved.
5G Deployment scenarios
 5G architecture options will be supported in Rel-15 for integrated/simultaneous support of LTE
and NR

19
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5G vRAN Architecture

EPC OAM E1 OAM

PGW X2-C/E1
ACPF:AUPF
M:N
MME SGW ACPF AUPF
S1-C F1-C
S1-U CIC CMC UIC UMC
X2-C

eNB gNB-U gNB-C

(LTE) X2-U (PDCP) (NR RRC) S1-U/X2-U
CPC1 ∙∙∙ CPCm UPC1 ∙∙∙ UPCn

gNB#1..n

DU F1-U
RU

EMS DU (NR) DU (NR)

∙∙∙
F1-C

4G-Only Capable 4G/5G DC Capable

Legacy UE NSA UE

ACPF: Access Control Plane Function AUPF: Access User Plane Function 1 ACPF (1 CIC) supports up to 8 gNBs
CIC: Control Plane Interface Component UIC: User Plane Interface Component 1 AUPF supports 32 E1 interfaces (E1 is per gNB interface)
CMC: Control Plane Management Component UMC: User Plane Management Component For 1 gNB, ACPF can select 2 AUPFs
CPC: Control Plane Component UPC: User Plane Component M: 4~32, N: 2~16
20
© Samsung Electronics. All Rights Reserved.
vRAN and Function Split
 gNB supports split option 2 (PDCP-RLC) via 3GPP based F1 Interface

 CU consists of gNB-CU-CP and gNB-CU-UP over 3GPP based E1 Interface

 gNB-CU-CP and gNB-CU-UP are virtualized function

gNB-CU
RRC SDAP
RRC SDAP Virtualized
PDCP-C PDCP-U

PDCP gNB-CU-CP gNB-CU-UP

Separate DU-RU gNB-DU

RLC
Non
MAC virtualized RLC
MAC
PHY_High
PHY
gNB-DU-H (DU)

RF PHYLow
RF

RAN gNB-DU-L (RU)

Functions
21
© Samsung Electronics. All Rights Reserved.
RAN Functions & Connectivity - NSA
 Logical nodes and main functions for each node (NSA Mode)

gNB SGW

Inter Cell RRM

Packet Forwarding

RB Control

Connection Mobility Cont.

Radio Admission Control LTE-eNB

Measurement
Basic Functions (like gNB)
Configuration & Provision

Dynamic Resource
RRC Control Plane Handling (EN-DC)
Allocation (Scheduler)

3GPP Reference TS 38.300 22

RRC RRC

PDCP PDCP Control

Plane
RLC RLC

MAC MAC

PHY PHY

UE 5G gNB
PDCP PDCP

RLC RLC User

Plane
MAC MAC

PHY PHY
23
© Samsung Electronics. All Rights Reserved.
Radio Bearers Architecture Comparison
 EPS Bearer Service Architecture  5G SA Bearer Service Architecture
E-UTRAN EPC Internet
NG-RAN 5GC

UE eNB S-GW P-GW Peer UE NB UPF

Entity

PDU Session
End-to-end Service
Radio Bearer NG-U Tunnel
QoS Flow
EPS Bearer External Bearer
QoS Flow

E-RAB S5/S8 Bearer

Radio Bearer
Radio Bearer S1 Bearer QoS Flow

Radio S1 S5/S8 Gi
Radio NG-U

Parameter 4G LTE 5G (SA)

QoS Identifier Quality Class Indicator-QCI 5G QoS Identifier-5QI

IP Flow : UE to UPF/PGW flow EPS Bearer QoS Flow

Flow bearer/bearer Identifier EPS Bearer ID (EBI) QoS Flow Identifier (QFI)

Reflective QoS N/A Reflective QoS Indicator (RQI)

24
© Samsung Electronics. All Rights Reserved.
Radio Bearers SRB & DRB
 Radio Bearer

 Up to 4 SRBs (including SRB 0) and 32 DRBs

Usage Optionality Supported Bearer Options

SRB0 CCCH SDU Mandatory MCG Bearer

SRB1 RRC msg and NAS msg Mandatory Only MCG Bearer in LTE, MCG split can be supported in EN DC

SRB2 NAS msg Optional Only MCG Bearer in LTE, MCG split can be supported in EN DC

SRB3 Only NR RRC msg Optional Not supported in NR and LTE, Supported only in EN DC as SC bearer

DRB IP Packet Optional LTE: MCG/SCG/MCG split, EN-DC and NR: MCG/SCG/MCG split/SCG split

 Split SRB1 and SRB2 for better reliability

 SRB3 is supported only in EN-DC. Motivation is to reduce the latency by sending NR RRC directly
over NR Uu interface

25
© Samsung Electronics. All Rights Reserved.
Numerology and NR Concepts

26
© Samsung Electronics. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter Contents
 Numerologies
 Frame structure
 Resource Block Structure
 Slot-based and non-slot-based scheduling
 Operating bands and subcarrier spacing
 Carrier Aggregation and Bandwidth Part
 Channels & Signals Overview
 4G LTE vs 5G NR

27
© Samsung Electronics. All Rights Reserved.
NR Numerology
 Multiple OFDM numerologies are supported
 The numerology is based on exponentially scalable sub-carrier spacing

Symbol length
Cyclic prefix Supported Supported Frequency
μ 𝚫𝒇 = 𝟐𝝁 ∗ 𝟏𝟓𝒌𝑯𝒛 Useful
Latency Cell size
(CP) for data for sync bands
CP
Symbol

0 15 Normal 66.67 μs 4.69 μs Yes Yes

Low Large Large
1 30 Normal 33.33 μs 2.34 μs Yes Yes
Normal,
2 60 16.67 μs 1.17 μs Yes No
Extended
3 120 Normal 8.33 μs 586 ns Yes Yes
High Small Small
4 240 Normal 4.17 μs 293 ns No Yes

 The subcarrier spacing (SCS) impacts several aspect of performance:

 The maximum channel bandwidth that can be supported using a feasible FFT size (SCS   BW )
 The inter carrier interference due to phase noise (SCS   phase noise robustness )
 The symbol length and hence robustness against delay spread (SCS   symbol and CP length )
 The supported SCS options are defined separately per frequency band
28
© Samsung Electronics. All Rights Reserved.
5G Frequency Bands & Flexible Numerology
 Frequency bands are divided into two frequency ranges

 Frequency range 1 (FR1): All existing and new bands below 6GHz

 Frequency range 2 (FR2): New bands in the range 24.25 – 52.6 GHz

 Supplementary Link
 Means that a conventional downlink/uplink carrier pair has an
associated carrier

 The typical aim of SUL is to extend uplink coverage, that is, to

provide higher uplink data rates in power-limited situations, by
utilizing the lower path loss at lower frequencies

 Simultaneous transmission on non-Supplementary and

supplementary link is not possible from UE

 A supplementary uplink can also be used to reduce latency

29
© Samsung Electronics. All Rights Reserved.
NR Frame Structure
 Number of OFDM symbols per slot fixed to 14 for normal CP and 12 for extended CP

 Number of slots (1, 2, 4, 8) per sub frame ( ) is Numerology dependent

 Duration of a slot is no longer absolute as in LTE but relative as a function of subcarrier spacing
1 radio frame = 10ms = 10 subframe = Nslot (numerology dependent)

∙∙∙

30
© Samsung Electronics. All Rights Reserved.
NR Resource Block Structure
 A Resource Element is the smallest unit of the resource grid, made up of one subcarrier in
frequency domain and one OFDM symbol in time domain

 A resource block (RB) is defined as 12 consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain

1 Resource
Block
μ Df Min RBs Max RBs Min BW (MHz) Max BW (MHz)

0 15 KHz 20 275 4.32 49.5

1 30 KHz 20 275 8.64 99
2 60 KHz 20 275 17.28 198
3 120 KHz 20 275 34.56 396
4 240 KHz 20 138 69.12 397.44

275*12=3300 subcarriers
3300*15KHz = 49.5MHz

31
© Samsung Electronics. All Rights Reserved.
NR Subframe & Slot Format
 The concept would be similar to legacy LTE TDD subframe configuration

 Main differences from LTE TDD subframe configuration :

 In NR slot format, DL and UL assignment changes at a symbol level whereas in LTE TDD the UL/DL
assignment is done in a subframe level

 In NR slot format, there are much diverse patterns comparing to LTE TDD subframe configuration
LTE TDD subframe configuration NR slot format

UL-DL Subframe Number Symbol Number in a Slot

Format
Config 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
0 D S U U U D S U U U 0 D D D D D D D D D D D D D D
1 D S U U D D S U U D 1 U U U U U U U U U U U U U U
2 D S U D D D S U D D 2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
3 D S U U U D D D D D 3 D D D D D D D D D D D D D X
...
4 D S U U D D D D D D ...
...
5 D S U D D D D D D D ...

6 D S U U U D S U U D 255 Formats 56 to 255 are reserved

3GPP Reference TS38.211 D: Downlink, U: Uplink, X: Flexible 32

© Samsung Electronics. All Rights Reserved.
Slot-based and non-slot-based scheduling
 NR supports both slot-based and non-slot-based scheduling

 Use cases for non-slot-based scheduling (a.k.a. mini-slot)

 Support of very low latency including URLLC for certain slot lengths

 Support of finer TDM granularity of scheduling for the same/different UEs within a slot

 Forward compatibility considering future support of unlicensed spectrum operation

33
© Samsung Electronics. All Rights Reserved.
Operating bands and subcarrier spacing
 NR operating bands

 Sub-6 GHz bands (Frequency Range 1) and mmWave bands (Frequency Range 2)

Frequency range designation Corresponding frequency range

FR1 450 MHz – 6000 MHz

FR2 24250 MHz – 52600 MHz

 Subcarrier spacing is defined in the specification for each frequency range

Frequency range designation SCS for data SCS for SSB

FR1 15, 30, 60 kHz 15, 30 kHz

FR2 60, 120 kHz 120, 240 kHz

 A resource block is defined as 12 consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain

3GPP Reference TS 38.101-1, 38.101-2 34

 NR supports CA with up to 16 component carriers

 Max aggregated bandwidth

 FR1 (sub-6GHz) : Max BW 100MHz x 16 = Max aggregated BW 1.6GHz

 FR2 (above-6GHz) : Max BW 400MHz x 16 = Max aggregated BW 6.4GHz

 Bandwidth part (BWP)

 NR UEs with different bandwidth capabilities can efficiently access the same NR carrier regardless of the
NR carrier bandwidth
 BW supported by UE can be smaller than the BW of the component carrier

 Bandwidth part is a contiguous set of physical resource blocks

 The UE can be configured with up to 4 bandwidth parts , of which only one can be active on a given
component carrier

35
© Samsung Electronics. All Rights Reserved.
Logical / Transport / Physical Channel

Logical Channel (between RLC and MAC)

• Describes what data/information is to be transported

Transport Channels (between MAC and PHY)

• Describes how and with what characteristics data/information is transferred

over radio interface (e.g. CRC, Data modulation, Coding and rate matching,
Resource mapping, Antenna mapping, Support of HARQ, etc.)

Physical channels

• Actual transmission of data/information at physical layer

37
© Samsung Electronics. All Rights Reserved.
Channel mapping
 Mapping for Downlink Logical Channels-Transport Channels-Physical Channels

 In 5G/NR there is no CRS so that's why we need the DMRS dedicated for PDSCH decoding

PCCH BCCH CCCH DCCH DTCH Logical Channels

PCH BCH DL-SCH UL-SCH RACH Transport Channels

Physical
DMRS DMRS DMRS DMRS Channels
DMRS
PSS SSS PTRS PTRS
PBCH PDCCH PRACH SRS
CSI-RS PDSCH PUSCH PUCCH

DL Control DL Data UL Data UL Control UL Sync

SS/PBCH Block

Downlink Direction Uplink Direction

© Samsung Electronics. All Rights Reserved.
Downlink Physical Channels and Signals
 Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)
 Carries the DL-SCH and PCH (DL-SCH contains actual user data)
 Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)
 Informs the UE about the resource allocation of PCH and DL-SCH, and HARQ information related to
DL-SCH. Carries the uplink scheduling grant
 Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)
 The coded BCH transport block is mapped to four subframes within a 40ms interval
 Downlink physical signals
 Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS)
 Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS)
 Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS)
 Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PTRS)
 Channel Status Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS)
 Sounding Reference Signal (SRS)
 Tracking Reference Signal (TRS)

39
© Samsung Electronics. All Rights Reserved.
5G NR Reference Signals
 Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS)
 The DMRS is specific for specific UE, and used to estimate the radio channel (DL/UL)
 Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PTRS)
 It’s main function is to track the phase of the Local Oscillator at transmitter and receiver
 PTRS enables suppression of phase noise and common phase error especially at higher frequencies like
mmWave
 Channel Status Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS)
 The CSI-RS is a DL only signal, this is used to estimate the channel quality and report the information back
to the gNB
 Sounding Reference Signal (SRS)
 As a UL only signal, the SRS is transmitted by the UE to help the gNB obtain the channel state information
(CSI) for each user
 Tracking Reference Signal (TRS)
 Use for Time Tracking

40
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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
 Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)

 Carries the UL-SCH, ACK/NACK and CQI. UL-SCH contains actual user data

 Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)

 Carries ACK/NACKs in response to downlink transmission

 Carries CQI (Channel Quality Indicator) report and SR (Scheduling Request)

 Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)

 Carries random access preamble

 Uplink physical signals:

 Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) : Associated with transmission of PUSCH and PUCCH

 Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PTRS)

 Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) : Not associated with transmission of PUSCH and PUCCH

41
© Samsung Electronics. All Rights Reserved.
4G LTE vs 5G

vs Sub-6 GHz, mmWave

Sub-6 GHz Frequency Band
(up to 52.6 GHz)
50 MHz (@ 15KHz) , 100 MHz (@ 30 KHz) , 200 MHz(@ 60
20 MHz Maximum Bandwidth ( per CC)
KHZ), 400 MHz ( @ 120KHz)
5(Rel.10)/32(Rel.12) current
Maximum CCs 16(allowed BW and CCs Combinations TBD)
implementation is 5
15 KHz Subcarrier Spacing 2μ × 15 kHz TDM and FDM multiplexing
CP-ODFM for DL ; SC-FDMA for UL Waveform CP-OFDM for DL ; CP-OFDM and DFT-s-OFDM for UL
Up to 256 QAM DL
Modulation Up to 256 QAM UL & DL
Up to 64 QAM UL
1200 Maximum Number of Subcarriers 3300

1ms Subframe Length 1ms

10 ms Latency(Air Interface) 1ms

14 symbol
7 symbols in 500 µ𝑠 Slot Length
2,4 and 7 symbols for mini-slots
Turbo code ( data): TBCC (
Channel Codding LDPC (data); Polar Codes (control)
Control)
No Beamforming Initial Access Beamforming
Up to 8X8 MIMO Up to 8X8 for Sub 6G , Up to 2X2 for mmWave
UE Specific DMRS and Cell Specific
Reference Signal Front Loaded –Ultra lean design DMRS (UE-Specific)
RS (always-on)

42
© Samsung Electronics. All Rights Reserved.
Radio Procedures

43
© Samsung Electronics. All Rights Reserved.
5G NR Initial Access
 How to overcome propagation loss of higher frequency?

 30GHz path loss is 24dB higher than that of 3GHz

 NR specification is designed to overcome this problem with beamforming gain from large number of
antennas (For higher frequencies, wavelength becomes smaller)

 Reasonable size and spacing

 Data channel vs. initial access channel (e.g. sync, broadcast channel)

 For data channel, beamforming can be controlled with the assist of UE feedback

 For initial access channels, UE feedback is not available

 Moreover, initial access channel is common for all UEs within a cell

 Introduction of beam sweeping operation for initial access to achieve cell coverage

 Unified framework regardless of operating frequency band (can be applied for 28 GHz as well as 3.5GHz)

44
© Samsung Electronics. All Rights Reserved.
Cell Search
 Cell search is the procedure by which a UE acquires time and frequency synchronization with
a cell and detects the physical layer Cell ID of that cell
 A UE receives the following synchronization signals (SS) in order to perform cell search the
primary synchronization signal (PSS) and secondary synchronization signal (SSS)
 A UE shall assume that reception occasions of a PBCH, PSS, and SSS are in consecutive symbols,
and form a SS/PBCH block

SS/PBCH SS/PBCH SS/PBCH SS/PBCH

Beam 0 Beam 1 Beam 2 Beam 3 Beam Sweeping:
Rotation of different beams
Over multiple time instances

Reference 3GPP TS 38.213 45

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Subcarrier Spacing (SCS) for PSS/SSS/PBCH
 Basically, single SCS per frequency band is defined for PSS/SSS/PBCH

 Exceptional cases (dual SCS) : n5, n66, n258, n260

NR Uplink operating band Downlink operating band
SS/PBCH
FR Operating BS receive, UE transmit BS transmit, UE receive
Block SCS
Band F (UL_LOW) – F (UL_High) F (DL_LOW) – F (DL_High)
N1 1920 MHz – 1980 MHz 2110 MHz – 2170 MHz 15 kHz
N2 1850 MHz – 1910 MHz 1930 MHz – 1990 MHz 15 kHz
N3 1710 MHz – 1785 MHz 1805 MHz – 1880 MHz 15 kHz
N5 824 MHz -849 MHz 869 MHz – 894 MHz 15,30 KHz
N7 2500 MHz - 2570 MHz 2620 MHz - 2690 MHz 15 kHz
N8 880 MHz – 915 MHz 925 MHz – 960 MHz 15 kHz
N20 832 MHz – 862 MHz 791 MHz – 821 MHz 15 kHz
FR1
N28 703 MHz -748 MHz 758 MHz – 803 MHz 15 kHz
N38 2570 MHz – 2620 MHz 2570 MHz -2620 MHz 15 kHz
N41 2496 MHz – 2690 MHz 2496 MHz – 2690 MHz 15,30 KHz
N50 1432 MHz – 1517 MHz 1432 MHz – 1517 MHz 15 kHz
N66 1710 MHz – 1780 MHz 1427 MHz - 1432 MHz 15,30 KHz
N70 1695 MHz – 1710 MHz 1995 MHz – 2020 MHz .
. . . .
. . . .
N257 26500 MHz–29500 MHz 26500 MHz-29500 MHz 120,240 KHz
FR2 N258 24250 MHz-27500 MHz 24250 MHz-27500 MHz 120,240 KHz
N260 37000 MHz -40000 MHz 37000 MHz-40000 MHz 120,240 KHz
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SSB Block Channel Structure
 An SSB is mapped to 4 OFDM symbols in the time domain and 240 contiguous subcarriers

(20 RBs) in the frequency domain Items LTE NR

Multiple
#SS/PBCH Blocks Single
(per band)
SS/PBCH block
6RBs 20 PRBs
Bandwidth

# Symbol for PSS 1 1

# Symbol for SSS 1 1

2+1
# Symbol for
4 for SF #0 (1: multiplexed with
PBCH
SSS)

# REs for PSS 62 + 10empty 127 + 17empty

# REs for SSS 62 + 10empty 127 + 17empty

576
# REs for PBCH 288
(Including PBCH DMRS*)

TDD vs FDD Different Unified

* PBCH DMRS Density : 3 REs/RB/Symbol within PBCH block

NR 48
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Synchronization Signal
 SS/PBCH block consists of 240 contiguous subcarriers (20 RBs)
 The subcarriers are numbered in increasing order from 0 to 239 within the SS/PBCH block
 In the time domain, an SS/PBCH block consists of 4 OFDM symbols, numbered in increasing
order from 0 to 3 within the SS/PBCH block
 There are two types of SS/PBCH block, that is, Type A ( below 6 GHZ) and Type B (above 6GHz)

48 subcarrier
PBCH
Each SS Bursts carry one or multiple SS blocks
• SS Burst set consists of one or multiple SS bursts
• Transmission is periodic (20 ms by default)
240 subcarrier = 20 PRB

• The transmission of SSBs within SS burst set is confined within a 5 ms window

Symbol

144 subcarrier
127 subcarrier
SS Burst Set Periodicity (20 ms)

PBCH
PBCH
SSS
PSS

SS Burst Set

SS Burst SS Burst SS Burst

13
11
5

9
4
0

3
1

SS Block
SS Block
SS Block

SS Block
SS Block
SS Block
SS Block

SS Block

SS Block
SS Block
SS Block

SS Block
48 subcarrier
PBCH

5 ms Window
(half frame)
49
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5G NR Time Grid & SSB Blocks

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SSB Block Time Domain Mapping
 ALL candidate SS/PBCH blocks are confined within a half frame (5ms)
 L is the MAX NUMBER of SS/PBCH blocks which is band specific
 4 SSBs (~3GHz), 8 SSBs (3~6GHz), 64 SSBs (6GHz~)
 Network indicates “actually transmitted SS/PBCH block” info among the candidate SS/PBCH blocks
 Periodicity of the half frame for SS/PBCH blocks
 For initial access, UE assumes a default periodicity as 20ms. Otherwise (IDLE/CONNECTED, non-standalone
cases), the periodicity can be indicated by the network from (5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160) ms

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SSB Block Time Domain Mapping (1/2)

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SSB Block Time Domain Mapping (2/2)

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Channel Raster and Synchronization Raster
 Channel raster : The channel raster defines a subset of RF reference frequencies that can be
used to identify the RF channel position in the UL and DL. For example if channel raster is 200
KHz, UE will perform search in every 200 KHz in all the bands UE supports. This actually means UE
calculates DL received signal power and detects a set of frequency candidates
 Synchronization raster : The frequency position of the SSB block that can be use by the UE for
system acquisition. Synchronization raster is sparser than channel raster to reduce UE
searching complexity
 There exits only one complete SS/PBCH block within minimum channel bandwidth
 Synchronization raster helps UE to find out the location of SSB in frequency domain
 Use of synchronization raster saves battery life of UE

Frequency range SS block frequency position SSREF GSCN Range of GSCN

N * 1200kHz + M * 50 kHz
0 – 3000 MHz 3N + (M-3)/2 2 – 7498
N=1:2499, M={1,3,5} (Default M=3)
3000 MHz + N * 1.44 MHz
3000 – 24250 MHz 7499 + N 7499 – 22255
N= 0:14756

GSCN: Global Synchronization Channel Number 54

System information acquisition in LTE System information acquisition in NR

All system information is periodically broadcast Except for MIB and SIB1, SI can be provided via on-demand basis
(support also periodical SI broadcast)

 Always transmitted on the BCH with periodicity of 80 ms and repetitions made within 80ms, according to SSB period
MIB
 Includes parameters that are needed to acquire SIB1 from the cell
 Is transmitted on DL-SCH with periodicity of 160ms and variable transmission repetition (default 20ms)
SIB1  Used to provide information regarding the availability and scheduling of other SIBs
 Indicates whether other SIBs are provided via periodic broadcast basis or only on-demand basis
 Provided via periodic broadcast basis or only on-demand basis
SIBs
 Carried in SI (System Information) message, which is transmitted within SI-window
(other than SIB1)
 Can be valid in one and more cells belonging to same SI area

3GPP Reference TS 38.331 55

SIB Name Description Remarks

MIB Master Information Block Broadcasted by NR

cell re-selection information, PLMN, SI

SIB1 Scheduling of other SIBs, UAC
scheduling info, IMS support
cell re-selection information common for
SIB2 intra-frequency, inter-frequency and/ or Mainly related to the serving cell
inter-RAT

About the serving frequency and intra-frequency

SIB3 Intra-frequency cell re-selection
neighbouring cells

about other NR frequencies and inter-frequency

SIB4 Inter-frequency cell re-selection
neighbouring cells

SIB5 Inter-RAT cell re-selection about E-UTRA frequencies and E-UTRA neighbouring cells

SIB6 ETWS primary notification

SIB7 ETWS secondary notification
SIB8 CMAS notification
GPS time and Coordinated
SIB9
Universal Time (UTC)

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Random Access

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Chapter Contents
 Introduction: NR Random Access

 Random Access Preamble Format

 Random access configuration

 PRACH transmission and SS/PBCH block

 Random Access Procedure Preparation

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Introduction to NR Random Access
 RACH is used for initial access procedure (PRACH)
 RACH is an important functionality with main purpose as below:
 Achieving UL Sync between UE & gNB
 Obtaining the resource for RRC Connection Request Message (Msg 3)
 RACH Process triggering situations
 Initial Access from RRC_IDLE
 RRC Connection Re-Establishment
 Handover process
 DL/UL Data arrival during RRC_Connected
 Transition from RRC_Inactive
 Establishing Time Alignment during cell Addition (CA)
 Requesting for other System Information
 Beam Failure Recovery
 Two different length of random access preamble sequences are supported
 Two random access procedures : contention based and contention free

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Random Access Preamble Format
 Random access preamble is ZC sequence based (two sequence lengths)

 Long Sequence length 839 is applied with SCS 1.25 & 5 kHz (Can be used in FR1 ONLY)

Format LRA ∆f RA Nu 𝑵 𝑹𝑨
𝑪𝑷

0 839 1.25 KHz 24576K 3168K Same as LTE

2 839 1.25 KHz 2 . 24576K 21024K Large Cell

2 839 1.25 KHz 4 . 24576K 4688K Coverage Enhancement

High Speed Case
3 839 5 KHz 4 . 6144K 3168K

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Random Access Preamble Format
 Short sequence length 139 is applied with SCS of 15, 30, 60 and 120 kHz (Can be used in both FR1 & FR2)

Format LRA ∆f RA Nu 𝑵 𝑹𝑨
𝑪𝑷

A1 139 15 . 2µ KHz 2 . 2048 K . 2-µ KHz 288K . 2-µ

A2 139 15 . 2µ KHz 4 . 2048 K . 2-µ KHz 576K . 2-µ Small to large cell

A3 139 15 . 2µ KHz 6 . 2048 K . 2-µ KHz 864K . 2-µ

B1 139 15 . 2µ KHz 2 . 2048 K . 2-µ KHz 216K . 2-µ
B2 139 15 . 2µ KHz 4 . 2048 K . 2-µ KHz 360K . 2-µ Small to large cell
B3 139 15 . 2µ KHz .
6 2048 K . 2-µ KHz 504K . 2-µ
B4 139 15 . 2µ KHz 12 . 2048 K . 2-µ KHz 936K . 2-µ
C0 139 15 . 2µ KHz 2048 K . 2-µ KHz 1240K . 2-µ
Small to large cell
C2 139 15 . 2µ KHz 4 . 2048 K . 2-µ KHz 2048K . 2-µ

NOTE: C2 Provides a 1.2 Km of coverage with µ=3 (SCS=120KHz) SVR 18.3 : C0  19A : C2

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Random Access configuration
 RACH configuration provides RACH preamble format and RACH resource info

 All random access configuration info is broadcasted in all beams within a cell

3GPP Reference TS 38.211 62

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Random Access Procedure Preparation
 Prior to initiation of the physical random access procedure the UE has to:

 SSB block detection/decoding

 SSB block index

 System information decoding

 preamble format, time resources, frequency resources, etc.

 RSRP (Reference Signal Received Power) measurement

 Physical random access procedure

 Transmission of random access preamble (Msg1)

 Random access response (RAR) in a PDSCH (Msg2)

 RRC Connection Request (Msg3)

 RRC Connection Setup (Msg4) PDSCH for contention resolution

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EN-DC

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EUTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)
 Allows mobile device to exchange data between itself and NR base station along with
simultaneous connection with LTE base station
 Possible with tight interworking between LTE and 5G NR
 Control of dual-connectivity is always in the hands of the eNB (MN)
 Control Plane termination towards the core network only by 4G LTE
 UE leverages benefits of both LTE and 5G connectivity simultaneously
 Better coverage from 4G LTE
 More capacity from 5G NR
 Key functionalities of EN-DC:
 RRC termination: Both the master and secondary node
 Supported DRBs: Direct, Split (Split happens at PDCP level)
 Supported SRBs: MCG SRB, Split SRB & SCG SRB
 Mobility (Handover Cases)
 Master node controls mobility in LTE
 Either of the master node or the secondary node can control mobility in NR

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MR-DC with the EPC
 E-UTRAN supports MR-DC via EUTRA NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC), in which a UE is connected to
one eNB that acts as a MN and one en-gNB that acts as a SN. The eNB is connected to the EPC
via the S1 interface and to the en-gNB via the X2 interface. The en-gNB might also be
connected to the EPC via the S1-U interface and other en-gNBs via the X2-U interface
MME/S-GW MME/S-GW

EPC

S1- U
U S1-
S1-U

S1-U
S1
S1
S1

S1
X2-U E-UTRAN
en-gNB en-gNB
X2

X2
X2
eNB eNB
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EN-DC Cell Structure
 MeNB & SeNB Cells Structure

MCG :
MCG SCell Master Cell
(f2) Group

MN-LTE
MCG PCell (f1)

SCG :
Secondary
Cell Group
SCG SCell (f4)
SCG PSCell (f3)
SN-5G

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Signaling Radio Bearer SRB
 Signaling Radio Bearers are radio bearers that carries RRC & NAS Messages

 There are four types of SRBs defined in NR:

 SRB0 : Is for carrying RRC messages using the CCCH logical channels

 SRB1 : Is for carrying RRC messages (may include piggybacked NAS messages) using DCCH logical channel

 SRB2 : Is for NAS messages ,using DCCH logical channel

 SRB3 : Is for Specific RRC messages when UE is in EN-DC for communication with SN and UE

 There can be 3 options in which RRC messages from eNB & gNB can be exchanged with UE
 The eNB uses SRB1 and SRB2 for RRC messages, the gNB RRC messages are sent over X2 interface to the eNB which
embeds the gNB RRC messages in SRB1 or SRB2 messages and are exchanged over eNB air interface

 Explicit use of SRB3 for some RRC messages, but for operations which require the coordination between eNB and gNB
then messages are shared using eNB via X2 interface EN-DC gives option to use split bearer for SRBs transmission
over LTE and/or NR

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NR Signaling Radio Bearer SRB (Split Bearer)
 Network side protocol termination options for MCG, SCG and split bearers in MR-DC with EPC
(EN-DC)
MCG SCG Split Split MCG SCG
Bearer Bearer Bearer Bearer Bearer Bearer

E-UTRA/ NR PDCP NR PDCP NR PDCP NR PDCP NR PDCP

NR PDCP X2

E-UTRA E-UTRA EUTRA EUTRA NR NR

RLC RLC RLC RLC RLC RLC NR RLC NR RLC

E-UTRA MAC NR MAC

MN SN

Reference 3GPP TS 37.340

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NR Radio Bearer DRB Setup
 In the following ways the EN-DC DRBs can be setup
 MCG DRB: Uses Lower layers of MCG
 MCG Split: The bearer terminates at MCG and the lower layers of MN and /or SN are used for
data
 SCG DRB: The lower layers of SN are used
 SCG Split: The bearer is terminated at SN and the lower layer of MN and/or Sn are used
MCG Split SCG
Bearer Bearer Bearer

E-UTRA/NR
NR PDCP NR PDCP
PDCP

E-UTRA RLC E-UTRA RLC NR RLC NR RLC

E-UTRA MAC NR MAC

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SgNB Addition Procedure (EN-DC)

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SgNB Release Procedure (EN-DC)
 MN Initiated SgNB Release Procedure

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SgNB Release Procedure (EN-DC)
 SN Initiated SgNB Release Procedure

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Mobility

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Handovers Overview
 Handovers are only applicable to UE in RRC_CONNECTED State

 5G NR RRC_Connected mode mobility can be categorized as below

 Cell-Level Mobility : It requires explicit RRC signaling to be triggered i.e. handover

 Beam Level Mobility : It doesn’t require explicit signaling to be triggered (i.e. deal with lower layers)
 Dealing done at lower layers as RRC is not required to know which beam is being used

Source Target
UE
gNB gNB

Handover
Request

Admission
Control

Handover
Acknowledgement
Handover
Command

Switch to
New Cell

Handover
Complete
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Handovers Related Measurements & Events
 Reporting quantities can be the same as trigger quantity or combinations :
 RSRP or RSRQ or SINR Only
 RSRP & RSRQ
 RSRP & SINR
 RSRQ & SINR
 5G RAN may configure the UE to report measurement information per beam
 Mobility Events in 5G NR are as below
 Event A1 : Serving becomes better than threshold
 Event A2 : Serving becomes worse than threshold
 Event A3 : Neighbour becomes offset better than SpCell
 Event A4 : Neighbour becomes better than threshold
 Event A5 : SpCell becomes worse than threshold1 and neighbour becomes better than threshold2
 Event A6 : Neighbour becomes offset better than Scell

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EN-DC Mobility Scenarios (1/2)
[SgNB Addition] [SgNB Modification]
UE that is connected an eNB comes into SgNB coverage UE moves from NR Cell #1 to NR Cell #2 in the same SgNB

[SgNB Release] [SgNB Change]

UE that is connected an MeNB moves out of SgNB coverage UE that is connected an MeNB moves from SgNB #1 to SgNB #2
coverage

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EN-DC Mobility Scenarios (2/2)
[Inter-MeNB Handover with SgNB change] [Inter-MeNB Handover without SgNB change]
UE moves from MeNB #1 / SgNB #1 to MeNB #2 / SgNB #2 coverage UE moves from MeNB #1 to MeNB #2 within the same SgNB coverage

[MeNB to eNB change] [eNB to MegNB Change]

UE in SgNB area moves from MeNB #1 to eNB #2 without an UE out of SgNB area moves from MeNB #1 to eNB #2 with an
SgNB area SgNB area

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PDSCH/PUSCH Resource Allocation

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PDSCH/PUSCH Resource Allocation
 The user equipment receives and demodulates the PDCCH, and receives the PDSCH based on
the downlink control information (DCI) in the PDCCH. After receiving the PDSCH, the UE sends a
HARQ acknowledgment (HARQ-ACK) to feed back the results of decoding. HARQ-ACK is
transmitted via the PUCCH, as are Scheduling Requests (SR) and CSI. The PUCCH transmission
timing and resources can also be indicated by the DCI in the same way as the data channel

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HARQ Process in 5G NR
 HARQ in downlink (Asynchronous mechanism)
 gNB provides the UE with the HARQ-Ack feedback timing
 Dynamically using the DCI (Downlink Control Information)
 Semi-Statically in an RRC Configuration
 UE may be configured to receive CBG (Code Block Group) based transmissions
 ReTx may be scheduled to carry a sub set of all the code blocks of a Transport Block (TB)

 HARQ in uplink (Asynchronous mechanism)

 gNB schedules each UL transmission/retransmission using UL grant on DCI
 UE may be configured to transmit CBG based transmissions

Transport Block (TB)

CBG (Code Block Group)
Segmentation
CBG 0 CBG 1 CBG 2
CB (Code Block)
Segmentation
CB
CB 0
CB 0 CB
CB 11 CB 2 CB 3 CB 4 CB 5 CB 6 CB 7
2

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HARQ Minimum Processing Time
 UE reports its capability for minimum processing time

 Timing between PDSCH reception & corresponding ACK/NACK given in DCI

slot n+K1

DCI HARQ-ACK Feedback

DCI DL Scheduling
for DL data
DL HARQ
DL Data
Data -ACk

n+K2

UL scheduling Note: n is DCI transmission slot, n+K0, n+K1 and n+K2 are DL
DCI Data, HARQ-ACK for DL data and UL data transmission slot
UL
Data

 ACK/NACK Timing in Slot Configuration

Period (n) Period (n+1) Period (n) Period (n+1)

D D D D U D D D D U D D D D U D D D D U

K1=1 K1=1
K1=2 K1=2

K1=3 K1=3 K1=3 K1=6

K1=4 K1=4 K1=4

K1=7

 K1 Value (DL) can be configured {RRC Msg : PUCCH-Config, dl-DataToUL-Ack (0..15)

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Massive MIMO Overview

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Massive MIMO Introduction

RF
cable CPRI

CPRI

IP
IP Network
Network

 Horizontal Beamforming  Horizontal and Vertical Beamforming

 Small beamforming gain  Large beamforming gain
 Limited number of Tx antennas  A large number of Tx antennas
 Low-order MU-MIMO  High-order MU-MIMO

84
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Massive MIMO Beamforming
 Operation Scenario

 gNB allocates SRS to UE with MU-MIMO mode

 UE transmits SRS in the allocated time-frequency position and gNB receives SRS

 DL channel is estimated based on received SRS (assuming DL-UL channel reciprocity in TDD systems)

 Based on the estimated DL channel, gNB generates BF weight

 Mathematical expression of beamforming with 2 UEs

Downlink beamforming
based on h1 & h2

UE data

s1
Beamforming
Weight UE2
w1, w2 w1 s1+ w2 s2
s2
h1 h2
SRS-based
Channel Downlink
Estimation beamforming
based on h1 & h2
UE1
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Multi-Beam Operation

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Motivation to NR-MIMO
 NR-MIMO is designed with following in key objectives in mind

 Objective #1 : Replace LTE in existing cellular bands (sub-6GHz)

 Significantly improved performance is essential to compete with LTE

 Objective #2 : Enable deployment in higher frequency bands

 Large propagation loss needs to be overcome

Performance Higher Frequency Bands

(Spectral Efficiency) (Compensation for Higher Pathloss)

New Channel
status Information
(CSI) + Multi Beam
Management

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Motivation to Multi-Beam Operation (1/2)
 5G Candidate frequency bands

 Potential BW for NR Bands : 3.5GHz (<6GHz) and 28GHz band (>6GHz)

 To overcome additional pathloss of >6GHz, hybrid beamforming approach is applied in both BS and UE
sides
Carrier
700MHz 2 GHz 3.5 GHz 28 GHz
Frequency

Pathloss A A+9.1 dB A+13.98 dB A+32 dB

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Motivation to Multi-Beam Operation (2/2)
 Analog beam for LTE is fixed cell-coverage beam

 Within analog beam coverage, digital beam can be utilized to enhance system performance

 Analog beam in NR is narrow and steerable beam

 Multiple beams should be utilized to cover whole area

 Beam management is essential feature to support optimized beam selection

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Beam Measurement, Reporting
& Indication

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5G NR Beam Management
 Multi-beam-based operation to improve coverage for high frequency bands (e.g. 28GHz)

CSI-RS: Channel Status Information Reference Signal 91

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DL Beam Management in 5G NR
 NR mmWave system is multi-beam-based operation
 Multiple beams need to provide coverage to entire cell area
 Beam management procedure to acquire and maintain best beam for each TRP/UE pair
 NR supports L1/L2 beam management procedures: P1, P2, P3
 P1, P2, P3 are all related to downlink beam management. That is, it is a mechanism for UE to
better receive the downlink beam (data)

3GPP Reference TS 38.2802 92

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Beam Failure Recovery Concept
 For above 6 GHz, control/data transmission is much more sensitive due to narrow beam width
of analog beam

 In contrast to out of coverage, beam failure is short-term and dynamic event

 At least, DL control channel should be maintained for connection

 Considering such aspects, NR supports dynamic failure reporting and beam recovery

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Beam Failure Detection/Recovery Request
 For Beam Failure detection: The UE monitors a quality metric of the SSB which is the reference
for the PDCCH beam indication. If the expected quality is lower than the configured threshold
for the SSB (e.g, due to instant blockage), beam failure is detected

 When UE detects beam failure events, and if UE finds a new SSB having the higher quality
metric than the configured threshold, UE transmits contention-based PRACH (Msg-1) whose
resource is mapped to the new SSB. During the Msg-2/Msg-3 and subsequent
reception/transmission, the gNB replaces the old beam with the newly identified beam

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5G NR Optimization Overview

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Optimization Process Flow
 Normal Optimization scope comprises of improvement on 5C’s

 In 5G-NR, some of them are either part of initial installation & planning
Reduce Inter Cell
Overlapping region 1) Coverage optimization
Coverage  To Improve signal quality.
 To resolve RF & interference related problem due to
Capacity inter cell overlapping.
SS-RSRP, SINR 2) Quality optimization
• Throughput  To improve call quality & stability by choosing exact set
• Coverage related Remove of default Radio Unit configuration set.
parameters Coverage
Antenna Handover 3) Capacity optimization
Parameter Parameter Holes  To increase network capacity & efficiency in case of
Adjustment Adjustment more-NR service requirements.
Maximize System
Performance through regular
firmware and new feature Call Access
upgrades
Power
System Control With respect to 5G-NR implementation
• RRC Setup
Parameter Parameter • Coverage related
Call Quality Adjustment Adjustment parameters Initial Network planning or installation

Currently pre defined Radio Unit configuration

• Call Drop sets supported.
• Coverage related parameters Call Mobility
• System parameter Monitored on regular basis.
configurations Handover
Power Control Event Triggering Conditions,
Parameter Region
Optimization Optimization Time to Trigger

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5G NR Optimization Techniques

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Optimization Techniques
 Field test log based analysis
 RF Optimization
 Improves the network performance through RF quality enhancements
 Changes antenna parameters and system parameters related with power
 Tilt and Azimuth Optimization based LOS or best NLOS conditions to provide sufficient coverage
 Check any new blockage like vegetation, new construction etc. through a RF survey
 For System parameter, currently pre-defined default Radio Unit configuration sets are supported

 Signaling and Protocol Optimization

 Analysis of signaling messages
 Finding out any configuration related issues/mismatch
Walk inside and around RF/Signalling Analysis Issue Tracking and Root Cause
customer premises Issue Finding Radio Units Analysis
KPI Radio Unit Phy
Logging RF/Signaling/Traffic degradation Optimization
Report Parameter
Poor RF Area Optimization

Call fail / drop Issue Escalation

(to core side)

Stationary or KPI test and Report & Review &

101
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Network Optimization Stages
 There are multiple Stages of Network Optimization
 Post NR Specifications are finalized, most of these stages will be used, to optimize overall Network
performance
 Currently 5G-NR implementation requires only basic level of optimization
 Only SCFT (Single Cell Functionality Test or Single Site Verification) level optimization is required

Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4

Pre- Early Mature
Network
commercial Commercial Commercial
Rollout
Network Network Network
Cluster-level
Optimization Advanced Service level On Going
Optimization
Stage Optimization Optimization Optimization
SCFT Optimization

Achieve full Service On-going Better

Goal Fast and stable potential performance customer
network build-up performance improvement experience

• Basic cluster- • Optimization to • User Complaint & KPI

• Load Based
wise Coverage improve city-level Enhancement
Approach Optimization • Proactive Customer
Opt. Performance
• New site location for • Service Based Care based on analytics
• Basic Parameter
shadow area Optimization • Densification
Opt. - Site/Cell split
- New site addition

Projected stages for 5G-NR implementation

• Check basic cell information

(RRH Unit ID, PCI, azimuth and tilt) • Overall radio network quality confirmation
• Check Radio Unit HW and function • KPI monitoring based on statistics/alarms
• Check basic functions and traces
(Coverage, Call Setup, Peak Data Rate)

Cell Planning/ Entire

Single Cell Multi Cell City Level
Installation Market
Optimization Optimization Optimization
Optimization

• Analyze the problem area

• City level optimization.
(shadow area etc.)
• Achieving full potential performance
• Adjust Radio/System Parameters

Projected stages for 5G-NR SCFT & CLOT Advance Level

Optimization Optimization Optimization

103
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Network Optimization Stages
 Service Level Optimization (Stage 3)
 Continuous service level optimization is mandatory for continuous service quality improvement

Service Based Optimization

Data Load growth
Deployment of new Radio Unit
New Services Introduction

 On-Going Optimization (Stage 4)

 KPI Enhancement

Walk/Static Walk/Static Summarize

Test & Parameters Test &
Analysis Modification Result &
Statistics Audit Statistics
monitoring monitoring Report

105
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RSRP & RSRQ Measurements
 In LTE, RSRP and RSRQ is based on Cell Specific Reference Signal (CRS). However, in NR there is no
CRS. So RSRP/RSRQ definition in NR is based on other physical signals as shown in the following
table

Category Physical Signal for Measurement

SS reference signal received power (SS-RSRP)

RSRP CSI reference signal received power (CSI-RSRP)

SRS reference signal received power (SRS-RSRP)

SS reference signal received quality (SS-RSRQ)

RSRQ
CSI reference signal received quality (CSI-RSRQ)

SS signal-to-noise and interference ratio (SS-SINR)

SINR
CSI signal-to-noise and interference ratio (CSI-SINR)

RSSI

3GPPR Reference TS 38.215 106

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SS-RSRP Measurement Range
 Defined ranges for L3 SS-RSRP & L1 SS_RSRP and CSI-RSRP
Measured quantity Measured quantity value
Reported value Unit
value (L3 SS-RSRP) (L1 SS-RSRP and CSI-RSRP)
RSRP_0 SS-RSRP<-156 Not valid dBm
RSRP_1 -156≤ SS-RSRP<-155 Not valid dBm
RSRP_2 -155≤ SS-RSRP<-154 Not valid dBm
RSRP_3 -154≤ SS-RSRP<-153 Not valid dBm
RSRP_4 -153≤ SS-RSRP<-152 Not valid dBm
RSRP_5 -152≤ SS-RSRP<-151 Not valid dBm
RSRP_6 -151≤ SS-RSRP<-150 Not valid dBm
RSRP_7 -150≤ SS-RSRP<-149 Not valid dBm
RSRP_8 -149≤ SS-RSRP<-148 Not valid dBm
RSRP_9 -148≤ SS-RSRP<-147 Not valid dBm
RSRP_10 -147≤ SS-RSRP<-146 Not valid dBm
RSRP_11 -146≤ SS-RSRP<-145 Not valid dBm
RSRP_12 -145≤ SS-RSRP<-144 Not valid dBm
RSRP_13 -144≤ SS-RSRP<-143 Not valid dBm
RSRP_14 -143≤ SS-RSRP<-142 Not valid dBm
RSRP_15 -142≤ SS-RSRP<-141 Not valid dBm
RSRP_16 -141≤ SS-RSRP<-140 RSRP<-140 dBm
RSRP_17 -140≤ SS-RSRP<-139 -140≤RSRP<-139 dBm
RSRP_18 -139≤ SS-RSRP<-138 -139≤ RSRP<-138 dBm
… … …
RSRP_111 -46≤ SS-RSRP<-45 -46≤ RSRP<-45 dBm
RSRP_112 -45≤ SS-RSRP<-44 -45≤ RSRP<-44 dBm
RSRP_113 -44≤ SS-RSRP<-43 -44≤ RSRP dBm
RSRP_114 -43≤ SS-RSRP<-42 Not valid dBm
RSRP_115 -42≤ SS-RSRP<-41 Not valid dBm
RSRP_116 -41≤ SS-RSRP<-40 Not valid dBm
RSRP_117 -40≤ SS-RSRP<-39 Not valid dBm
RSRP_118 -39≤ SS-RSRP<-38 Not valid dBm
RSRP_119 -38≤ SS-RSRP<-37 Not valid dBm
RSRP_120 -37≤ SS-RSRP<-36 Not valid dBm
RSRP_121 -36≤ SS-RSRP<-35 Not valid dBm
RSRP_122 -35≤ SS-RSRP<-34 Not valid dBm
RSRP_123 -34≤ SS-RSRP<-33 Not valid dBm
RSRP_124 -33≤ SS-RSRP<-32 Not valid dBm
RSRP_125 -32≤ SS-RSRP<-31 Not valid dBm
RSRP_126 -31≤ SS-RSRP Not valid dBm
RSRP_127 (Note) Infinity Infinity dBm 107
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SS-RSRQ Measurement Range
 The reporting range of SS-RSRQ is defined from -43 dB to 20 dB

 Resolution of 0.5 dB

Reported value Measured quantity value Unit

SS-RSRQ_0 SS-RSRQ<-43 dB
SS-RSRQ_1 -43≤ SS-RSRQ<-42.5 dB
SS-RSRQ_2 -42.5≤ SS-RSRQ<-42 dB
SS-RSRQ_3 -42≤ SS-RSRQ<-41.5 dB
SS-RSRQ_4 -41.5≤ SS-RSRQ<-41 dB
.. .. …
SS-RSRQ_122 17.5≤ SS-RSRQ<18 dB
SS-RSRQ_123 18≤ SS-RSRQ<18.5 dB
SS-RSRQ_124 18.5≤ SS-RSRQ<19 dB
SS-RSRQ_125 19≤ SS-RSRQ<19.5 dB
SS-RSRQ_126 19.5≤ SS-RSRQ<20 dB
SS-RSRQ_127 20 ≤ SS-RSRQ dB

 Resolution of 0.5 dB

Reported value Measured quantity value Unit

SS-SINR_0 SS-SINR<-23 dB
SS-SINR_1 -23≤ SS-SINR<-22.5 dB
SS-SINR_2 -22.5≤ SS-SINR<-22 dB
SS-SINR_3 -22≤ SS-SINR<-21.5 dB
SS-SINR_4 -21.5≤ SS-SINR<-21 dB
.. .. …
SS-SINR_123 38≤ SS-SINR<38.5 dB
SS-SINR_124 38.5≤ SS-SINR<39 dB
SS-SINR_125 39≤ SS-SINR<39.5 dB
SS-SINR_126 39.5≤ SS-SINR<40 dB
SS-SINR_127 40≤ SS-SINR dB

CQI index modulation code rate x 1024 efficiency CQI index modulation code rate x 1024 efficiency
0 out of range 0 out of range
1 QPSK 78 0.1523 1 QPSK 78 0.1523
2 QPSK 120 0.2344 2 QPSK 193 0.377
3 QPSK 193 0.377 3 QPSK 449 0.877
4 QPSK 308 0.6016 4 16QAM 378 1.4766
5 QPSK 449 0.877 5 16QAM 490 1.9141
6 QPSK 602 1.1758 6 16QAM 616 2.4063
7 16QAM 378 1.4766 7 64QAM 466 2.7305
8 16QAM 490 1.9141 8 64QAM 567 3.3223
9 16QAM 616 2.4063 9 64QAM 666 3.9023
10 64QAM 466 2.7305 10 64QAM 772 4.5234
11 64QAM 567 3.3223 11 64QAM 873 5.1152
12 64QAM 666 3.9023 12 256QAM 711 5.5547
13 64QAM 772 4.5234 13 256QAM 797 6.2266
14 64QAM 873 5.1152 14 256QAM 885 6.9141
15 64QAM 948 5.5547 15 256QAM 948 7.4063

110
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MCS Index Table - PDSCH
 Downlink MCS index table specifies : modulation, coding & spectral efficiency
Modulation Modulation
MCS Index Target code Spectral MCS Index Target code
Order Order Spectral Efficiency
Rate R x [1024] Efficiency Rate R x [1024]
IMCS Qm IMCS Qm
0 2 120 0.2344 0 2 120 0.2344
1 2 157 0.3066 1 2 193 0.377
2 2 193 0.377 2 2 308 0.6016
3 2 251 0.4902 3 2 449 0.877
4 2 308 0.6016 4 2 602 1.1758
5 2 379 0.7402 5 4 378 1.4766
6 2 449 0.877 6 4 434 1.6953
7 2 526 1.0273 7 4 490 1.9141
8 2 602 1.1758 8 4 553 2.1602
9 2 679 1.3262 9 4 616 2.4063
10 4 340 1.3281 10 4 658 2.5703
11 4 378 1.4766 11 6 466 2.7305
12 4 434 1.6953 12 6 517 3.0293
13 4 490 1.9141 13 6 567 3.3223
14 4 553 2.1602 14 6 616 3.6094
15 4 616 2.4063 15 6 666 3.9023
16 4 658 2.5703 16 6 719 4.2129
17 6 438 2.5664 17 6 772 4.5234
18 6 466 2.7305 18 6 822 4.8164
19 6 517 3.0293 19 6 873 5.1152
20 6 567 3.3223 20 8 682.5 5.332
21 6 616 3.6094 21 8 711 5.5547
22 6 666 3.9023 22 8 754 5.8906
23 6 719 4.2129 23 8 797 6.2266
24 6 772 4.5234 24 8 841 6.5703
25 6 822 4.8164 25 8 885 6.9141
26 6 873 5.1152 26 8 916.5 7.1602
27 6 910 5.332 27 8 948 7.4063
28 6 948 5.5547 28 2 reserved
29 2 reserved 29 4 reserved
30 4 reserved 30 6 reserved
31 6 reserved 31 8 reserved 111
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MCS Index Table - PUSCH
 Uplink MCS index table specifies : modulation, coding & spectral efficiency
MCS Modulation MCS Modulation
Target code Spectral Target code Spectral
Index Order Index Order
Rate R x [1024] Efficiency Rate R x [1024] Efficiency
IMCS Qm IMCS Qm
0 q 240/ q 0.2344 0 2 120 0.2344
1 q 314/ q 0.3066 1 2 193 0.377
2 2 193 0.377 2 2 308 0.6016
3 2 251 0.4902 3 2 449 0.877
4 2 308 0.6016 4 2 602 1.1758
5 2 379 0.7402 5 4 378 1.4766
6 2 449 0.877 6 4 434 1.6953
7 2 526 1.0273 7 4 490 1.9141
8 2 602 1.1758 8 4 553 2.1602
9 2 679 1.3262 9 4 616 2.4063
10 4 340 1.3281 10 4 658 2.5703
11 4 378 1.4766 11 6 466 2.7305
12 4 434 1.6953 12 6 517 3.0293
13 4 490 1.9141 13 6 567 3.3223
14 4 553 2.1602 14 6 616 3.6094
15 4 616 2.4063 15 6 666 3.9023
16 4 658 2.5703 16 6 719 4.2129
17 6 466 2.7305 17 6 772 4.5234
18 6 517 3.0293 18 6 822 4.8164
19 6 567 3.3223 19 6 873 5.1152
20 6 616 3.6094 20 8 682.5 5.332
21 6 666 3.9023 21 8 711 5.5547
22 6 719 4.2129 22 8 754 5.8906
23 6 772 4.5234 23 8 797 6.2266
24 6 822 4.8164 24 8 841 6.5703
25 6 873 5.1152 25 8 885 6.9141
26 6 910 5.332 26 8 916.5 7.1602
27 6 948 5.5547 27 8 948 7.4063
28 q reserved 28 2 reserved
29 2 reserved 29 4 reserved
30 4 reserved 30 6 reserved
31 6 reserved 31 8 reserved 112
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MIMO DL/UL Layers
 Number of layers for data transfer in 5G-NR

MIMO Category Frequency DL / UL Layer

DL 8
Below 6 GHz
UL 2
(MU-MIMO)
DL 4
Above 6 GHz
UL 2

DL 4
Below 6 GHz
UL 1
(SU-MIMO)
DL 2
Above 6 GHz
UL 1

Major KPI

Traffic & Miscellaneous

Accessibility Retainability Integrity Mobility Radio Quality
Utilization KPI’s

5gNB Re- 5G Context DL MAC cell (Outgoing) 5G Average SS-RSRP

configuration aggregate tput Intra-gNB HO Fail [dBm] RRC users Availability
Failure Rate [%] Drop Rate [%] [Mb/s] rate [%]

UL MAC cell
5G Addition Fail – 5G X2 HO Fail rate DL/UL Data
aggregate tput Average CQI
No Resources [%] [%] Volume (5G/4G)
[Mb/s]

(Incoming) MN
5G E-RAB Setup DL/UL PRB
DL BLER [%] diff SN HO Failure DL/UL MCS
Failure Rate [%] Utilization [%]
rate [%]

Beam Change MIMO PDCCH CCE Agg.

UL BLER [%]
Success rate [%] Performance Level Utilization

NOTE : All KPIs formulas in the following section are for trials which might change during commercial network launch
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Accessibility & Retainability KPIs
Accessibility KPIs Samsung Counter Name Formula
EndcAddAtt
5G-gNB Reconfiguration Failure Rate [%] ((EndcAddAtt - EndcAddSucc)/EndcAddAtt)*100
EndcAddSucc
EndcAddPrepFail_CpFail

5G Addition Fail – No Resources [%] EndcAddPrepFail_UpfAIL ((EndcAddPrepFail_CpFail + EndcAddPrepFail_UpFail+

EndcAddPrepFail_DuFail EndcAddPrepFail_DuFail /EndcAddAtt )*100

EndcAddAtt
ErabAddAtt
5G E-RAB Setup Failure Rate [%] (ErabAddAtt - ErabAddSucc)/ErabAddAtt)*100
ErabAddSucc

BeamIdNormalPdsch_Att[BeamId] (Sum(BeamIdNormalPdsch_Succ[BeamId])/Sum
Beam Change Success Rate [%]
(BeamIdNormalPdsch_Att[BeamId]))*100
BeamIdNormalPdsch_Succ [BeamId]

Retainability KPIs Samsung Counter Name Formula

CauseInternalT310Expiry
CauseInternalRlcMaxNumRetx ((CauseInternalT310Expiry + CauseInternalRlcMaxNumRetx +
EndcRelBySgnbMr EndcRelBySgnbMr + EndcRelByMenb - EndcRelByMenbMcgMob)
5G Context Drop Rate [%]
/(CauseInternalT310Expiry + CauseInternalRlcMaxNumRetx +
EndcRelByMenb EndcRelBySgnbMr + EndcRelByMenb - EndcRelByMenbMcgMob +
EndcRelByMenbMcgMob CauseInternalUserInactivity))*100
CauseInternalUserInactivity

 5G Addition Fail – CP Fail

121
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Integrity & Mobility KPIs
Integrity KPIs Samsung Counter Name Formula
Avg UL MAC Thp (mbps) - single counter AirMacULThruAvg AirMacULThruAvg/1000
Avg DL MAC Thp (mbps) - single counter AirMacDLThruAvg AirMacDLThruAvg/1000
AirMacULByte ((sum(AirMacULByte)*8)/
Avg UL MAC Thp (mbps)
AirMacULByteCnt (5120* sum(AirMacULByteCnt)))*K_UNIT
AirMacDLByte ((sum(AirMacDLByte)*8)/
Avg DL MAC Thp (mbps)
AirMacDLByteCnt (5120*sum(AirMacDLByteCnt)))*K_UNIT
DL Residual BLER (single counter) Residual_BLER_DL Residual_BLER_DL
NrofResidualError_DL sum(NrofResidualError_DL)/
DL Residual BLER
Nrof1stTxTrial_DL sum(Nrof1stTxTrial_DL)*100
UL Residual BLER (single counter) Residual_BLER_UL Residual_BLER_UL
NrofResidualError_UL sum(NrofResidualError_UL)/
UL Residual BLER
Nrof1stTxTrial_UL sum(Nrof1stTxTrial_UL)*100
BLERof2ndTxTrial_DL
DL Initial BLER (BLERof2ndTxTrial_DL/BLERof1stTxTrial_DL)*100
BLERof1stTxTrial_DL
BLERof2ndTxTrial_UL
UL Initial BLER (BLERof2ndTxTrial_UL/BLERof1stTxTrial_UL)*100
BLERof1stTxTrial_UL

Mobility KPIs Samsung Counter Name Formula

(Outgoing) 5G Intra-gNB HO Fail EndcIntraChgAtt
((EndcIntraChgAtt - EndcIntraChgSucc ) / EndcIntraChgAtt)*100
rate [%] EndcIntraChgSucc
EndcInterChgSrcAtt
5G X2 HO Fail rate [%] ((EndcInterChgSrcAtt - EndcInterChgSrcSucc ) / EndcInterChgSrcAtt)*100
EndcInterChgSrcSucc

(Incoming) MN diff SN HO Failure EndcAddMnHoAtt

((EndcAddMnHoAtt - EndcAddMnHoSucc) / EndcAddMnHoAtt)*100
rate [%] EndcAddMnHoSucc

Radio Link Quality KPIs Samsung Counter Name Formula

10*log10(Sum(RsrpBestForSsbri_Bin0[BeamId])* (10^(-139/10))
+Sum(RsrpBestForSsbri_Bin1[BeamId])* (10^(-133/10))
RsrpBestForSsbri_Bin0[BeamId]….
Average Serving SS-RSRP [dBm] +…+Sum(RsrpBestForSsbri_Bin32[BeamId])*
RsrpBestForSsbri_Bin32[BeamId]
(10^(44/10))/(Sum(RsrpBestForSsbri_Bin0[BeamId])
+Sum(RsrpBestForSsbri_Bin1[BeamId])+..Sum(RsrpBestForSsbri_Bin32[BeamId])))

(0* DLReceivedCQI0 + 12DLReceivedCQI1 + ... + 15*DLReceivedCQI15)/

Avg. CQI DLReceivedCQI0..DLReceivedCQI15
(DLReceivedCQI10 + DLReceivedCQI1 + ... + DLReceivedCQI15)

(0*DLTransmittedMcs0 + 1*DLTransmittedMcs1
MCS DL DLTransmittedMcs0 ~ DLTransmittedMcs31
+…+31*DLTransmittedMcs31)/(DLTransmittedMcs0 +…+DLTransmittedMcs31)

(0*PuschScheduledCntMcs0 + 1*PuschScheduledCntMcs1
MCS UL PuschScheduledCntMcs0 ~ PuschScheduledCntMcs28 +…+28*PuschScheduledCntMcs28)/(PuschScheduledCntMcs0
+…+PuschScheduledCntMcs28)

MIMO Rank Indicator (R1=1 %) DLReceivedRi1 ~ DLReceivedRi4 (DLReceivedRi1/DLReceivedRi1+DLReceivedRi2+DLReceivedRi3+DLReceivedRi4)*100

MIMO Rank Indicator (R1=2 %) DLReceivedRi1 ~ DLReceivedRi4 (DLReceivedRi2/DLReceivedRi1+DLReceivedRi2+DLReceivedRi3+DLReceivedRi4)*100

MIMO Rank Indicator (R1=3 %) DLReceivedRi1 ~ DLReceivedRi4 (DLReceivedRi3/DLReceivedRi1+DLReceivedRi2+DLReceivedRi3+DLReceivedRi4)*100

MIMO Rank Indicator (R1=4 %) DLReceivedRi1 ~ DLReceivedRi4 (DLReceivedRi4/DLReceivedRi1+DLReceivedRi2+DLReceivedRi3+DLReceivedRi4)*100

(1*DLReceivedRi1+2DLReceivedRi2+3*DLReceivedRi3+4*DLReceivedRi4/
MIMO Average RI Value DLReceivedRi1 ~ DLReceivedRi4
DLReceivedRi1+DLReceivedRi2+DLReceivedRi3+DLReceivedRi4)

123
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Traffic-Utilization & Other KPIs
Radio Link Quality KPIs Samsung Counter Name Formula
UeNoAvg UeNoAvg
RRC Connected Users UeNoMax UeNoMax
UeNoTot UeNoTot
5G DL MAC Layer Data Volume [Mbyte] AirMacDLByte AirMacDLByte / 1000
5G UL MAC Layer Data Volume [Mbyte] AirMacULByte AirMacULByte / 1000
5G PDCP DL Data Vol (per QCI) PdcpSduVolumeSplitNrDL Sum(PdcpSduVolumeSplitNrDL) (QCI)
5G PDCP UL Data Vol (per QCI) PdcpSduVolumeSplitLteNR Sum(PdcpSduVolumeSplitNrUL) (QCI)
4G DL PDCP Layer Data Volume [Mbyte] (per
PdcpSduVolumeSplitLteDL Sum(PdcpSduVolumeSplitLteDL(QCI))
QCI)
4G UL PDCP Layer Data Volume (per QCI)
PdcpSduVolumeSplitLteUL Sum(PdcpSduVolumeSplitLteUL(QCI))
[Mbyte]
TotDLBroadcastPrb
((TotDLBroadcastPrb + TotDLUnicastPrb)/
5G DL PRB Utilization [%] TotDLUnicastPrb
TotDLAvailablePrb)*100
TotDLAvailablePrb
TotULUsedPrb
5G UL PRB Utilization [%] (TotULUsedPrb/TotULAvailablePrb)*100
TotULAvailablePrb
[UsedAgg1/(UsedAgg1+UsedAgg2+UsedAgg4+UsedAgg
PDCCH CCE Aggregation Level 1 (%)
8+UsedAgg16)]*100
[UsedAgg2/(UsedAgg1+UsedAgg2+UsedAgg4+UsedAgg
PDCCH CCE Aggregation Level 2 (%)
8+UsedAgg16)]*100
UsedAgg1 , UsedAgg2 ,
[UsedAgg4/(UsedAgg1+UsedAgg2+UsedAgg4+UsedAg
PDCCH CCE Aggregation Level 4 (%) UsedAgg4 , UsedAgg8 ,
g8+UsedAgg16)]*100
UsedAgg16
[UsedAgg8/(UsedAgg1+UsedAgg2+UsedAgg4+UsedAgg
PDCCH CCE Aggregation Level 8 (%)
8+UsedAgg16)]*100
[UsedAgg16/(UsedAgg1+UsedAgg2+UsedAgg4+UsedAg
PDCCH CCE Aggregation Level 16 (%)
g8+UsedAgg16)]*100
Availability (Single Counter) CellAvailability CellAvailability
Availability CellAvailPmPeriodTime (sum(CellAvailPmPeriodTime)-
Availability CellUnavailableTimeDown sum(CellUnavailableTimeDown))*100/
Availability CellAvailPmPeriodTime sum(CellAvailPmPeriodTime)
124
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Counters for analysis

Counter Name Counter Description

RsrpBestForSsbri_Bin0 SSBRI feedback for RSRP value from -140 to -138 dBm
RsrpBestForSsbri_Bin1 SSBRI feedback for RSRP value from -137 to -135 dBm
RsrpBestForSsbri_Bin2 SSBRI feedback for RSRP value from -134 to -132 dBm
RsrpBestForSsbri_Bin3 SSBRI feedback for RSRP value from -131 to -129 dBm
RsrpBestForSsbri_Bin4 SSBRI feedback for RSRP value from -128 to -126 dBm
RsrpBestForSsbri_Bin5 SSBRI feedback for RSRP value from -125 to -123 dBm
RsrpBestForSsbri_Bin6 SSBRI feedback for RSRP value from -122 to -120 dBm
RsrpBestForSsbri_Bin7 SSBRI feedback for RSRP value from -119 to -117 dBm
RsrpBestForSsbri_Bin8 SSBRI feedback for RSRP value from -116 to -114 dBm
RsrpBestForSsbri_Bin9 SSBRI feedback for RSRP value from -113 to -111 dBm
RsrpBestForSsbri_Bin10 SSBRI feedback for RSRP value from -110 to -108 dBm
…… …….
RsrpBestForSsbri_Bin22 SSBRI feedback for RSRP value from -74 to -72 dBm
RsrpBestForSsbri_Bin23 SSBRI feedback for RSRP value from -71 to -69 dBm
RsrpBestForSsbri_Bin24 SSBRI feedback for RSRP value from -68 to -66 dBm
RsrpBestForSsbri_Bin25 SSBRI feedback for RSRP value from -65 to -63 dBm
RsrpBestForSsbri_Bin26 SSBRI feedback for RSRP value from -62 to -60 dBm
RsrpBestForSsbri_Bin27 SSBRI feedback for RSRP value from -59 to -57 dBm
RsrpBestForSsbri_Bin28 SSBRI feedback for RSRP value from -56 to -54 dBm
RsrpBestForSsbri_Bin29 SSBRI feedback for RSRP value from -53 to -51 dBm
RsrpBestForSsbri_Bin30 SSBRI feedback for RSRP value from -50 to -48 dBm
RsrpBestForSsbri_Bin31 SSBRI feedback for RSRP value from -47 to -45 dBm
RsrpBestForSsbri_Bin32 SSBRI feedback for RSRP value from -44 dBm
126
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Counters for Radio Conditions Analysis
 CQI Related Counters

Counter Name Counter Description

DLReceivedCQI0 Number of times when CQI0 is received per CQI Table/rank indicator
DLReceivedCQI1 Number of times when CQI1 is received per CQI Table/rank indicator
DLReceivedCQI2 Number of times when CQI2 is received per CQI Table/rank indicator
DLReceivedCQI3 Number of times when CQI3 is received per CQI Table/rank indicator
DLReceivedCQI4 Number of times when CQI4 is received per CQI Table/rank indicator
DLReceivedCQI5 Number of times when CQI5 is received per CQI Table/rank indicator
DLReceivedCQI6 Number of times when CQI6 is received per CQI Table/rank indicator
DLReceivedCQI7 Number of times when CQI7 is received per CQI Table/rank indicator
DLReceivedCQI8 Number of times when CQI8 is received per CQI Table/rank indicator
DLReceivedCQI9 Number of times when CQI9 is received per CQI Table/rank indicator
DLReceivedCQI10 Number of times when CQI10 is received per CQI Table/rank indicator

DLReceivedCQI11 Number of times when CQI11 is received per CQI Table/rank indicator

DLReceivedCQI12 Number of times when CQI12 is received per CQI Table/rank indicator

DLReceivedCQI13 Number of times when CQI13 is received per CQI Table/rank indicator

DLReceivedCQI14 Number of times when CQI14 is received per CQI Table/rank indicator

Counter Name Counter Description

ULScheduledPrbMcs0 Number of PRBs assigned to PUSCH MCS 0
ULScheduledPrbMcs1 Number of PRBs assigned to PUSCH MCS 1
ULScheduledPrbMcs2 Number of PRBs assigned to PUSCH MCS 2
ULScheduledPrbMcs3 Number of PRBs assigned to PUSCH MCS 3
ULScheduledPrbMcs4 Number of PRBs assigned to PUSCH MCS 4
ULScheduledPrbMcs5 Number of PRBs assigned to PUSCH MCS 5
ULScheduledPrbMcs6 Number of PRBs assigned to PUSCH MCS 6
ULScheduledPrbMcs7 Number of PRBs assigned to PUSCH MCS 7
ULScheduledPrbMcs8 Number of PRBs assigned to PUSCH MCS 8
ULScheduledPrbMcs9 Number of PRBs assigned to PUSCH MCS 9
ULScheduledPrbMcs10 Number of PRBs assigned to PUSCH MCS 10
ULScheduledPrbMcs11 Number of PRBs assigned to PUSCH MCS 11
….. ……
ULScheduledPrbMcs19 Number of PRBs assigned to PUSCH MCS 19
ULScheduledPrbMcs20 Number of PRBs assigned to PUSCH MCS 20
ULScheduledPrbMcs21 Number of PRBs assigned to PUSCH MCS 21
ULScheduledPrbMcs22 Number of PRBs assigned to PUSCH MCS 22
ULScheduledPrbMcs23 Number of PRBs assigned to PUSCH MCS 23
ULScheduledPrbMcs24 Number of PRBs assigned to PUSCH MCS 24
ULScheduledPrbMcs25 Number of PRBs assigned to PUSCH MCS 25
ULScheduledPrbMcs26 Number of PRBs assigned to PUSCH MCS 26
ULScheduledPrbMcs27 Number of PRBs assigned to PUSCH MCS 27
ULScheduledPrbMcs28 Number of PRBs assigned to PUSCH MCS 28
128
© Samsung Electronics. All Rights Reserved.
Counters for Radio Conditions Analysis
 MCS DL Related Counters

Counter Name Counter Description

DLTransmittedMcs0 Number of times when MCS 0 PDSCH is transmitted per MCS table/transmission mode
DLTransmittedMcs1 Number of times when MCS 1 PDSCH is transmitted per MCS table/transmission mode
DLTransmittedMcs2 Number of times when MCS 2 PDSCH is transmitted per MCS table/transmission mode
DLTransmittedMcs3 Number of times when MCS 3 PDSCH is transmitted per MCS table/transmission mode
DLTransmittedMcs4 Number of times when MCS 4 PDSCH is transmitted per MCS table/transmission mode
DLTransmittedMcs5 Number of times when MCS 5 PDSCH is transmitted per MCS table/transmission mode
DLTransmittedMcs6 Number of times when MCS 6 PDSCH is transmitted per MCS table/transmission mode
DLTransmittedMcs7 Number of times when MCS 7 PDSCH is transmitted per MCS table/transmission mode
DLTransmittedMcs8 Number of times when MCS 8 PDSCH is transmitted per MCS table/transmission mode
DLTransmittedMcs9 Number of times when MCS 9 PDSCH is transmitted per MCS table/transmission mode
DLTransmittedMcs10 Number of times when MCS 10 PDSCH is transmitted per MCS table/transmission mode
DLTransmittedMcs11 Number of times when MCS 11 PDSCH is transmitted per MCS table/transmission mode
….. ……
DLTransmittedMcs22 Number of times when MCS 22 PDSCH is transmitted per MCS table/transmission mode
DLTransmittedMcs23 Number of times when MCS 23 PDSCH is transmitted per MCS table/transmission mode
DLTransmittedMcs24 Number of times when MCS 24 PDSCH is transmitted per MCS table/transmission mode
DLTransmittedMcs25 Number of times when MCS 25 PDSCH is transmitted per MCS table/transmission mode
DLTransmittedMcs26 Number of times when MCS 26 PDSCH is transmitted per MCS table/transmission mode
DLTransmittedMcs27 Number of times when MCS 27 PDSCH is transmitted per MCS table/transmission mode
DLTransmittedMcs28 Number of times when MCS 28 PDSCH is transmitted per MCS table/transmission mode
DLTransmittedMcs29 Number of times when MCS 29 PDSCH is transmitted per MCS table/transmission mode
DLTransmittedMcs30 Number of times when MCS 30 PDSCH is transmitted per MCS table/transmission mode
DLTransmittedMcs31 Number of times when MCS 31 PDSCH is transmitted per MCS table/transmission mode
129
© Samsung Electronics. All Rights Reserved.
Counters for Radio Conditions Analysis
 PHR Related Counters

Counter Name Counter Description Measured quantity value (dB)

PhrIndex0 Number of times when PhrIndex0 is received PH < -32
PhrIndex1 Number of times when PhrIndex1 is received -32 < PH < -31
PhrIndex2 Number of times when PhrIndex2 is received -31 < PH < -30
PhrIndex3 Number of times when PhrIndex3 is received -30 < PH < -29
…. ….. ….
PhrIndex53 Number of times when PhrIndex53 is received 20 < PH < 21
PhrIndex54 Number of times when PhrIndex54 is received 21 < PH < 22
PhrIndex55 Number of times when PhrIndex55 is received 22 < PH < 24
PhrIndex56 Number of times when PhrIndex56 is received 24 < PH < 26
PhrIndex57 Number of times when PhrIndex57 is received 26 < PH < 28
PhrIndex58 Number of times when PhrIndex58 is received 28 < PH < 30
PhrIndex59 Number of times when PhrIndex59 is received 30 < PH < 32
PhrIndex60 Number of times when PhrIndex60 is received 32 < PH < 34
PhrIndex61 Number of times when PhrIndex61 is received 34 < PH < 36
PhrIndex62 Number of times when PhrIndex62 is received 36 < PH < 38
PhrIndex63 Number of times when PhrIndex63 is received PH ≥ 38
130
© Samsung Electronics. All Rights Reserved.
Counters for Radio Conditions Analysis
 TA Related Counters

Counter Name Counter Description

TimeAdvanceSection0 Number of times when MSG3 is decoded and estimated TA is in the range from 0 to 19
TimeAdvanceSection1 Number of times when MSG3 is decoded and estimated TA is in the range from 20 to 39
TimeAdvanceSection2 Number of times when MSG3 is decoded and estimated TA is in the range from 40 to 59
TimeAdvanceSection3 Number of times when MSG3 is decoded and estimated TA is in the range from 60 to 79
TimeAdvanceSection4 Number of times when MSG3 is decoded and estimated TA is in the range from 80 to 99
TimeAdvanceSection5 Number of times when MSG3 is decoded and estimated TA is in the range from 100 to 119
TimeAdvanceSection6 Number of times when MSG3 is decoded and estimated TA is in the range from 120 to 139
TimeAdvanceSection7 Number of times when MSG3 is decoded and estimated TA is in the range from 140 to 159
TimeAdvanceSection8 Number of times when MSG3 is decoded and estimated TA is in the range from 160 to 179
TimeAdvanceSection9 Number of times when MSG3 is decoded and estimated TA is in the range from 180 to 199
TimeAdvanceSection10 Number of times when MSG3 is decoded and estimated TA is in the range from 200 to 219
TimeAdvanceSection11 Number of times when MSG3 is decoded and estimated TA is in the range from 220 to 239
…… ……
TimeAdvanceSection23 Number of times when MSG3 is decoded and estimated TA is in the range from 460 to 479
TimeAdvanceSection24 Number of times when MSG3 is decoded and estimated TA is in the range from 480 to 499
TimeAdvanceSection25 Number of times when MSG3 is decoded and estimated TA is in the range from 500 to 519
TimeAdvanceSection26 Number of times when MSG3 is decoded and estimated TA is in the range from 520 to 539
TimeAdvanceSection27 Number of times when MSG3 is decoded and estimated TA is in the range from 540 to 559
TimeAdvanceSection28 Number of times when MSG3 is decoded and estimated TA is in the range from 560 to 579
TimeAdvanceSection29 Number of times when MSG3 is decoded and estimated TA is in the range from 580 to 599
TimeAdvanceSection30 Number of times when MSG3 is decoded and estimated TA is in the range from 600 to 619
TimeAdvanceSection31 Number of times when MSG3 is decoded and estimated TA is in the range from 620 to 639
131
© Samsung Electronics. All Rights Reserved.
Abbreviations
 AF Application Function

 AMF Access and Mobility Management Function

 AUSF Authentication Server Function

 CN Core Network

 CP Cyclic Prefix

 DN Data Network

 DRX Discontinuous Reception

 NEF Network Exposure Function

 NR New Radio

 NRF Network Repository Function

 PCF Policy Control Function

 SA Standalone

 SMF Session Management Function

 TTI Transmission Time Interval

 NSA Non-standalone

 UDM Unified Data Management

 UE User Equipment

 UPF User Plane Function

 5G NB g(generation) NB or NR (New Radio) 134

 BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying

 BRRS Beam Refinement Reference Signal

 CCE Control Channel Element

 CDD Cyclic Delay Diversity

 CP Cyclic Prefix

 CQI Channel Quality Indicator

 CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check

 CSI Channel State Information

 PCRS Phase Noise Compensation Reference Signal

 DCI Downlink Control Information

 DM-RS Demodulation Reference Signal

 ePLMN Equivalent PLMN

 5G RA 5G Radio Access

 HARQ Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request

 MBSFN Multicast/Broadcast over Single Frequency Network

 MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output

 MCC Mobile Country Code

 MNC Mobile Network Code 136

 PLMN Public Land Mobile Network

 PLMN ID PLMN Identity (MCC + MNC)

 RPLMN Registered PLMN

 xPBCH 5G Physical Broadcast Channel

 xPDSCH 5G Physical Downlink Shared Channel

 xPDCCH 5G Physical Downlink Control Channel

 xPRACH 5G Physical Random Access Channel

 xPUCCH 5G Physical Uplink Control Channel

 xPUSCH 5G Physical Uplink Shared Channel 137

 QPP Quadratic Permutation Polynomial

 QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying

 RLC Radio Link Control

 RRC Radio Resource Control

 RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator

 RSRP Reference Signal Received Power

 RSRQ Reference Signal Received Quality

 SAP Service Access Point

 TDD Time Division Duplex

 UE User Equipment

 REG Resource-Element Group

 SCG Secondary Cell Group

 SRS Sounding Reference Signal

 VRB Virtual Resource Block

 BRS Beam measurement Reference Signal

 BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying

 Add/Edit in LogMask (if required, delete any existing name)

 Mobile Alias Section > Add/Edit or Delete > Click Ok

Green signal confirms

kit is ready to use

 5G-NR Radio Bearer Configuration

 LTE rrcConnectionReconfiguration –[5G-NR RRC Data]

 NR MIB Acquisition

 NR RACH Request

 NR RACH Success

 5G-NR Radio Bearer Configuration

Counter Name Counter Description

PucchSinrDistBin0 Number of PUCCH SINR Bin0 (from -10 to -8 dB)
PucchSinrDistBin1 Number of PUCCH SINR Bin1 (from -8 to -6 dB)
PucchSinrDistBin2 Number of PUCCH SINR Bin2 (from -6 to -4 dB)
PucchSinrDistBin3 Number of PUCCH SINR Bin3 (from -4 to -2 dB)
PucchSinrDistBin4 Number of PUCCH SINR Bin4 (from -2 to -0 dB)
PucchSinrDistBin5 Number of PUCCH SINR Bin5 (from 0 to 2 dB)
PucchSinrDistBin6 Number of PUCCH SINR Bin6 (from 2 to 4 dB)
PucchSinrDistBin7 Number of PUCCH SINR Bin7 (from 4 to 6 dB)
PucchSinrDistBin8 Number of PUCCH SINR Bin8 (from 6 to 8 dB)
PucchSinrDistBin9 Number of PUCCH SINR Bin9 (from 8 to 10 dB)
PucchSinrDistBin10 Number of PUCCH SINR Bin10 (from 10 to 12 dB)
PucchSinrDistBin11 Number of PUCCH SINR Bin11 (from 12 to 14 dB)
PucchSinrDistBin12 Number of PUCCH SINR Bin12 (from 14 to 16 dB)
PucchSinrDistBin13 Number of PUCCH SINR Bin13 (from 16 to 18 dB)
PucchSinrDistBin14 Number of PUCCH SINR Bin14 (from 18 to 20 dB)
PucchSinrDistBin15 Number of PUCCH SINR Bin15 (from 20 to 22 dB)
PucchSinrDistBin16 Number of PUCCH SINR Bin16 (from 22 to 24 dB)
PucchSinrDistBin17 Number of PUCCH SINR Bin17 (from 24 to 26 dB)
PucchSinrDistBin18 Number of PUCCH SINR Bin18 (from 26 to 28 dB)
PucchSinrDistBin19 Number of PUCCH SINR Bin19 (from 28 to 30 dB)

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