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Structural Organisation in Animals

Frogs are amphibians that undergo a two-stage life cycle, starting as tadpoles that breathe through gills and develop into adult frogs that breathe through lungs on land and skin in water. Their digestive system includes a short alimentary canal for their carnivorous diet. Their circulatory system includes a three-chambered heart and hepatic and renal portal systems. Their excretory system involves kidneys and a cloaca. Male frogs have testes that release sperm into the cloaca, while female frogs have ovaries that release eggs into the cloaca for external fertilization.

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132 views7 pages

Structural Organisation in Animals

Frogs are amphibians that undergo a two-stage life cycle, starting as tadpoles that breathe through gills and develop into adult frogs that breathe through lungs on land and skin in water. Their digestive system includes a short alimentary canal for their carnivorous diet. Their circulatory system includes a three-chambered heart and hepatic and renal portal systems. Their excretory system involves kidneys and a cloaca. Male frogs have testes that release sperm into the cloaca, while female frogs have ovaries that release eggs into the cloaca for external fertilization.

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zoombs1223
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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STRUCTURE(FROG)

Phylum Chordata
Class Amphibians

Tadpoles
Respire through gills.

Adult frogs
Land Respirates through pulmonary respiration (lungs)
Water Cutaneous respiration (respire through skin)
The digestive system consists of alimentary canal and digestive glands.
The alimentary canal is short because frogs are carnivores hence two lengths of the intestine
is reduced.
Food captured by bilobed tongue which goes to buccal cavity that goes to oesophagus through
pharynx
Oesophagus is short and opens into stomach. Digestion of food in stomach takes place by HCl
and gastric juice secreted by wall of stomachs
Partially digested food, chyme is passed on to the first part of intestine, duodenum.
The duodenum receives bile from gall bladder and pancreatic juice through common duct.
Bile emulsifies fat and pancreatic juice digests carbohydrates and proteins
Final digestion takes place in intestine. Digested food is absorbed by finger like projections
villi and microvilli present in the walls intestine.
The undigested solid waste mixes into rectum and goes out of the body through cloaca.
In water, frogs respire through skin (cutaneous.
Respiration) by diffusion.
On land, buccal cavity, skin and lungs
(pulmonary respiration) acts as organ of
respiration
During hibernation and aestivation, they respire
through skin.
Heart is muscular with 3 chambers -two atria and the ventricle
situated in upper part of body cavity
It is covered by a membrane called pericardium
A triangular structure called sinus venosus joins the right atrium.
It receives blood from major veins called vena cava.
The ventricles open into conus arteriosus on the ventral side of
the heart. The arteries carry blood to all parts of the body and
vein collect blood from different parts of the body and bring it to
heart.
A special connection between liver and intestine called as
hepatic portal system exists.
Renal portal system is the connection between kidney and lower
pasts of the body
Blood contains RBC, WBC, and platelets. RBCs have haemoglobin
pigment on the surface
Lymph is different from blood as it lacks few proteins and RBCS.
Blood is circulated by pumping action of the heart. It carry
nutrients, gases ,water and waste to respective sites during the
circulation.
Pituitary
Thyroid
Para Thyroid
Thymus
Pineal Body
Pancreatic Islets
Adrenal
Testes/ Ovaries
A male reproductive system of frog consist
of pair of yellowish ovoid testes which are
adhered to kidneys by a double fold of
peritoneum called mesorchium

10-12 vas efferentia arrive from testes that


enter into kidney on either side and opens
into Biders canal.

Finally, it communicates with urinogenital


duct and opens into cloaca.

Cloaca is a small medium chambered that


is used pass faecal matter, urine, and
sperms to the exterior.

Female reproductive system consists


a pair of ovaries that are situated
near the kidney but there is no
functional connection with kidneys

A pair of oviduct arises from ovaries


open separately in cloaca.

A mature female lays 2500 to 3000


ova at a time fertilization is external
development involves a larva stage
called tadpole.

Tadpole undergoes meta morphosis


to become adult frog.

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