UNIT-3

CLEANING EQUIPMENT
(MANUAL AND MECHANICAL)

MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
 CLEANING EQUIPMENT
MANUAL EQUIPMENT MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT
● Brushes ● Vacuum cleaners
● Brooms ● Scrubbing and Polishing Machines
● Box sweepers ● Wet extractors
● Dry mops ● Carpet Shampooing Machine
● Wet mops ● Scrubbers driers sweepers
● Trolleys ● High pressure washers
● Polish applicators ● Scarifying Machines
● Containers/Bins
● Cloths
● Sundry equipments

MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
 BRUSHES
They are handheld flat brushes with bristles to dust the plain surfaces as
well as the corners. They come with non-slip handles and stiff scratch-
free bristles. They help removing stubborn dust

BASIC PARTS OF BRUSHES

1) BRISTLES:- These may be of animal, vegetables, or
manmade origin. Horsehairs, nylon, and polypropylene
are commonly used to make bristles for cleaning brushes.
2) HEAD STOCK:- The part of brush into which the bristles
are inserted. It may be of plastic, metal, or wood.
3) HANDLE:- It may detachable or non detachable.

MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
Brushes are designed to remove dry, wet and or ingrained dust and dirt from hard
or soft surfaces. There are two types of Brushes Hard Brushes and Soft Brushes
each used for different purposes.

Hard Brushes

Hard brushes have bristles that are fairly stiff and well spaced out. They are most
suitable for removal of heavy soil and litter from carpets and for cleaning rough
surfaces. e.g. – deck scrubber for floors. MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
 SOFT BRUSHES

Soft brushes have bristles that are fairly flexible and set close together.
They help to remove loose soil and litter on hard and smooth surfaces.
Such brushes may be designed to dust carpets and furniture, specially
those that are made of cane and wicker. MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
TYPES OF BRUSHES ACCORDING TO THEIR FUNCTIONS

TOILET BRUSH
BOTTLE BRUSH
CLOTH SCRUBBERS
DECK SCRUBBER(CLEANING LARGE AREA)
CARPET BRUSHES
UPHOLSTERY BRUSHES
FEATHER BRUSHES
HEARTH BRUSHES(FIRE PLACES FOR SOIL)
FLUE BRUSH( CHIMNEYS)
MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
 CARE AND MAINTENANCE
1)Brushes should be gently tapped on a hard
surface to loosen dust and debris after the
cleaning process.
2) Frequent washing with water should be
avoided.
3) If washed then final rinse should be in cold
saline water to help the bristles regain their
Stiffness.
4) Never leave brushes resting on their bristles,
else they will splay out.
5) The best way is to hang the brushes bristles
downward.
 BROOMS
Sweeping brooms consist of long bristles gathered together and
inserted into a handle. The bristles of a broom may be made of grass,
corn or coconut fibres. Depending on the type, brooms may be used
for removing dust or dirt in large areas.
Types of brooms: As with brushes, brooms may be classified into 3
main categories:
· Soft-bristled brooms: Soft bristled brooms such as corn-fibre brooms,
grass brooms and whisk brooms are used on smooth floors. A good
soft broom has comparatively fewer split ends and any splits that do
form are short.
· Hard/Coarse-bristled brooms: Brooms such as yard brooms and
coconut fibre brooms are used on course surfaces, especially outdoors.
· Wall brooms: These are also called ceiling brooms or Turk’s heads.
They have a soft head and long handle, usually made of cane(hollow
stem of grass). These brooms are used to remove cobwebs as well as
dust from cornices, ceilings and high ledges. MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
CARE AND CLEANING OF BROOMS

1)Brooms should be shaken free of dust

and fluff.
2) Never store them standing on their
bristles.
3) Store brooms either horizontally or
hanging bristles downwards.
4) Never use soft brooms on wet surfaces.
MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
 BOX SWEEPERS

These are also called carpet sweepers and are used for sweeping
up dust and litter from soft floor coverings as well as rugs and
carpets. They are ideal for the removal of spills and for light
cleaning of small carpeted areas. A box sweeper consists of a
friction brush that revolves when the equipment is pushed
manually over the carpet bottom to facilitate emptying after use.
Choose sweepers with a wide base that is low enough to be
pushed under furniture and that will clean close to a wall. In
sweepers meant to clean hard floors as well as soft floor
coverings, the brush can be lowered to the floor to sweep.

MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
BOX SWEEPER

MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
CARE AND CLEANING OF BOX SWEEPERS

1)The friction brush should be

kept clean.

1) Dust pan should be emptied

after cleaning.

MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
 DRY MOPS

Mop with impregnated fringes

Also called as dust control mops, these are designed to remove soil and debris
from floors, walls and ceilings without raising and dissipating dust. These mops
generally consist of a handle to which a metal frame is attached. The mop head
is either inserted into the frame or stretched over it, according to the type.
These mops consist of dense cotton fringes, approximately 15 cm in length,
inserted into a metal frame of 15-120 cm length. The dust is held onto the
mops by the oil.
 IMPREGNATED MOP SWEEPERS

These mops consist of a double-hinged frame and are thus called 'V-
sweepers' Also Knows as Scissor action sweepers. The mops can be pre-
impregnated or may require impregnation before each use. Following impregnation,
sufficient time must be allowed for the mineral oil to cure the fibres; else the mop
will leave a film of oil on the cleaned surface due to improper curing. MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
 Static mops

These mops consist of acrylic, nylon or polyester strands fixed to

a backing stretched over a metal frame. When in use, the
fringes splay out to form a large surface area, holding dust by
means of a static charge that builds up on the fringe. Static
mops are more easily maintained than impregnated mops.
MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
 DISPOSABLE MOPS

These mops consist of a handle with a soft pad at the end,

onto which a cheap cotton or synthetic material is affixed.
MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
 CARE AND CLEANING OF DRY MOPS
1) Shake mops well after outdoor use.
2) The mop heads should be easily detachable.
3) Soap free detergent will prevent the formation of
scum.
4) The mop should be worked up with at least two
changes of clean, hot water.
5) The clean mop should then be tightly squeezed out,
shaken well to get rid of excess moisture, and left to
dry in open air.

MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
 WET MOPS OR DAMP MOPS
Wet mops are used in conjunction with buckets for the removal of dirt
adhering to a surface. The mop heads can be made of cotton, sponge or
any other fiber capable of absorbing water or moisture well.
Some examples of wet mops are Kentucky mops, Do-All Mops, Foss
Mops, Squeegee etc.

Kentucky mops

These mops consist of cotton strands fixed to a length of cotton fabric which is in
turn inserted into a flat metal stock. They are available in weights ranging from
330g to 670g.
The strands may be stitched together or un stitched. The stitched ones are less
likely to tangle, can be laundered more easily and are likely to last longer than un
stitched mops.
 DO-ALL MOP

These mops consist of strands of a twisted cotton

fixed to a circular metal plate which in turn is fixed to
a stock. MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
 FOSS MOP

Foss Mop consist of a dense cotton fringe inserted

into a heavy metal stock
MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
 SPONGE MOPS

These consist of cellulose sponge fixed to a replaceable, lever-

controlled head, hinged for wringing out and attached to a long
handle. Using a sponge mop is one of the easiest ways to wash a
hard floor. Short handled sponge mops are also available for
cleaning windows. MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
 SQUEEGEE

A squeegee consists of a long metallic handle and a

wooden or rubber blade to remove excess water from a
surface being cleaned It is effective when followed by
mopping with a damp mop. MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
 CARE AND CLEANING OF WET MOPS

1) After use take mop outdoors and shake well to remove excess
moisture.
2) Then these mops may be washed in the same way as dry mops.
3) Drying is the most important part of the mops.
4) Use disinfectant to stop the growth of bacteria.
5) Renewed the mops if there are sign of wear.
6) Store in such a way that air is circulate around the mop head.
7) Wash and rinse sponge head after use, squeeze out excess
water, and dry well.
8) Store the sponge head by hanging.

MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
 TROLLEYS
For the smooth day to day operations housekeeping staff should be given appropriate
containers, bins and trolleys in order to carry, transport, collect different items.
Below are some list of such items required for efficient and easier housekeeping jobs.
Regular Buckets:

Normally made out of plastic or galvanized iron. Being lighter in weight, easy to
use and easier to clean, plastic buckets are widely popular and commonly
used in housekeeping.
Another variety of buckets have two sections one for rinsing and another
attached with a wringer device, It is important that the wringer device can be
detached for easy cleaning and maintenance.
 MOP-WRINGER TROLLEY

This piece of equipment consists of mop and one or twin buckets

with an attached wringer all mounted on a trolley with wheels. It
may have a provision for holding cleaning agent as well as a trash
bag. MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
 LINEN TROLLEY

These are used for the transfer of clean linen

from the laundry to the linen room or from the
linen room to the floor pantries. MANOJ RANA
 JANITOR’S TROLLEY

− It is a trolley that stores

cleaning supplies such as
detergents, spray bottles,
dustbin, mop, and dusting
cloths, all in a compact manner.
It can be moved around easily.
It fulfills the challenge of
modern day housekeeping in
hotels. MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
 HAND CADDIES

Also called ‘cleaners’ boxes’, these were originally made of wood or metal
but are nowadays usually made of plastic. They consist of a box with a
handle and fitted tray.
They are used by room attendants for carrying cleaning supplies from room to
room for guestroom cleaning. After each shift, they must be cleaned and topped up
with replacement supplies for use in the next shift.
MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
 POLISH APPLICATORS

These are usually oblong in shape for efficiency of application. The

polishing head should slide out from the metal or plastic casing to
enable easy replacement. MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
There are 3 types of polish applicators:
a) Natural lambs wool, with a built in polish reservoir or tray.
b) Synthetic wool, with a built in polish reservoir or tray.
c) Solid-wax pressurized applicators.

CARE AND CLEANING OF

POLISH APPLICATORS
1) Polish applicators should not be washed with water.
2) Wiping away excess polish with newspaper or rags before it
dries should suffice.
3) It is important to level the applicators with the type of polish
for which they are to be used so that each applicator is used
with just one kind of polish to avoid mixing different products.

MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
 CONTAINERS/DUSTBINS
Buckets: These may be made of plastic or galvanised iron. Plastic
buckets are more popular these days as they are lighter in weight,
easy to use and easier to clean. Buckets to be used with mops may
have one or two sections and may have a wringer device that can
be detached for easy cleaning. Twin buckets on a low trolley
enabled the brush to be rinsed more effectively each time. Larger
buckets should have castor wheels which must be kept free of hair,
fluff and dust. Buckets should be thoroughly washed, inside and
out, every time they are used and then allowed to dry before being
stored.

Basins and bowls: These are used to carry small amounts of water,
cleaning solutions and powders for cleaning small areas.
MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
 DUST PAN
These are used along with a broom or brush for gathering dust. They are normally made of
either plastic or metal, being durable and less expensive plastic dust pans are the usual choice
these days. Dust pans with long handles that eliminate stooping(bending) are ideal choice. In
order that the dustpans are effective, the edge in contact with the floor must be thin, sharp and
flat.
Always empty the dustpans after each use and wash and dry then as and when required.
While storing make sure that they are not resting on their flat edge, as it will wear out and warp
so that the pan becomes inefficient.
The Ideal way to store dustpans is by suspending them from a hook or lying horizontally,
 TWIN BUCKETS

Twin buckets are placed on a low trolley which is fitted with brushes to rinse
more effectively each time. Larger buckets should have castor wheels and
these wheels must be kept free of hair, fluff and dust.
Buckets should be thoroughly washed after each use, while washing them
wash inside out then allow to dry before storing them in the appropriate place.
 DUSTBINS

DUSTBINS FOR GUEST ROOMS

These bins may be made of plastic or wood. Some properties also use jute or
wicker bins. Individual dustbins in guestrooms may be lined with a disposable
inner lining made of recycled paper or plastic.
Guestroom waste bins must be emptied and wiped daily. They must be
washed and dried as and when require normally once in a week.
 DUSTBINS FOR SERVICE
ROOMS OR FLOOR PANTRY

These are used to collect waste from guestrooms, brought in by the

room attendants’ carts. The carts contain a sack called the trash bag for guestroom
trash.
Floor pantry should have 2 types of bins, A metal bin for disposing of ash from
guestroom ashtrays and a plastic or thick paper bin for other types of trash.
 DUSTBINS FOR PUBLIC AREA

These bins may have a creative design since they

are constantly on view. They should be emptied daily
and kept neat & clean from outside all the time.
MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
 DUSTBINS FOR WASTE-COLLECTION
AREAS

These are usually located outside the main building and

are hidden from view. These bins should be kept
covered and emptied at least every alternate day.MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
 SANI-BINS

These are metal or plastic bins with lids. They are found in toilets for the
collection of soiled sanitary pads / napkins. They should be lined with plastic or
paper bags for easy cleaning. The bins must be emptied and wiped daily for
hygienic reason.
Disposable paper bags (sani-bags) should be provided in the guests’ toilets for
wrapping sanitary pads, before disposing in the sanitary bins.
 CLOTHS

PROTECTIVE CLOTHS
CLEANING CLOTHS

DUSTER AND CLOTH DUST SHEETS

MITTENS GLASS CLOTHS

SWABS AND WIPES

RAGS AND
POLISHING CLOTHS DRUGGETS
FLOOR CLOTHS

WET CLOTHS
SCRIM HEARTH AND
BUCKET
CHAMOIS LEATHER CLOTHS
MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
 CLEANING CLOTHS
DUSTERS

These are meant for dusting and buffing. Soft, absorbent plain or
checked cotton material or yellow flannelette of up to 15 sq. Cm
is ideal for dusters. When used for damp dusting, they must be
sprayed with a fine mist of water or dusting solution.
MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
 CLOTH MITTENS

These Cloths may be impregnated and coated with a mineral

oil. These dusters must be folded several times into a hand-
sized pad before use so as to provide a number of clean
surfaces and avoid spreading dirt again to a clean surface.
MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
 SWABS

These are all-purpose cloths made of soft, absorbent material.

They are used for wet cleaning and damp dusting of all
surfaces above floor level. They can be also used for cleaning
sanitary fittings such as bathtubs and wash basins.
MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
 WIPES

Wipes include loosely woven or knitted cotton cloths and non-

woven cloths. Synthetic sponges may also be grouped under
this category. They are available in various sizes and shapes.
Sponges are better than cloths for washing walls, woodwork,
glass and upholstery.
 Floor cloths

Floor cloths are bigger, thicker and made of coarser

cotton material than all-purpose swabs. They are
used to wipe WC pedestals, clean tile floors, clean
marble or granite floors, remove spills from floors etc.
 SCRIM

This is a loosely woven linen material resembling fine

sackcloth. Scrim, because of its high absorbency and
lint-free nature, is often used instead of chamois
leather for cleaning windows and mirrors. MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
 GLASS CLOTHS

Glass cloths are made up of linen tow yarns and do not leave
behind lint. They can therefore be used for wiping mirrors and
drinking glasses.
MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
 RAG

Rags are disposable cloths usually obtained from the sewing room
or bought by the sack from tailors. They are used for applying polish
or strong cleaning agents are disposed off when dirty. Polishing
cloths need to have a fleecy(fluffy) napped surface and pieces of
flannel are ideal. MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
 WET CLOTHS

Wet cloths need to be very absorbent and of a

manageable size, so that they can be wrung out by hand
easily during cleaning. They are used for mopping large
floor areas.
MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
 CHAMOIS LEATHER

This is the skin of a chamois goat (antelope) and is used for

cleaning windows and mirrors when dry and also for polishing
silver and other metals. MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
 PROTECTIVE CLOTHS

DUST SHEETS

Dust sheets are made of any thin cotton material, being

about the size of a single sheet. Discarded bed sheets or
curtains from the linen room are ideal for use as dust
sheets. They are used to cover floors, furniture or other
articles during spring cleaning or decorating. MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
 DRUGGETS

These are made of coarse, fine canvas or clear plastic and they may be of the size
of carpet square and are placed on the floor on the doorway to prevent excessive
dirt being brought in or out during bad weather or during redecorating
projects. They are sometimes placed in the passage between the kitchen and
dining area to catch spills and debris.
MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
 HEARTH AND BUCKET CLOTHS

These are made up of thick fabrics and used to

protect the carpet and flooring when a fireplace is
being cleaned or placed under buckets to prevent
marks on the surface they are kept on. They also
catch splashes of water. MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
CARE AND CLEANING OF CLOTHS
CLOTH CARE AND CLEANING
Dusters and Wash, rinse and dry thoroughly after use. If
Cloth Mittens cloth mittens are impregnated with mineral oil
after washing keep them covered or they will
attract dust.
Swabs and Wash in hot detergent water, rinse and dry
Wipes thoroughly after use.
Floor cloths Wash in hot detergent water, rinse disinfect
and dry thoroughly after use.

Scrims Wash , rinse and dry after use.

Glass cloths Wash , rinse and dry after use.

Rags and Rags should be disposed off after use.

polishing
cloths MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
Wet cloths Wash in hot detergent water, rinse and
dry thoroughly after use.
Chamois leather If not maintained properly leather gets
cracked and is damaged easily. Remove
excess dirt from it with newspaper. Wash
only when necessary, in cold plain water.
Dry flat, when dry rub to soften the leather
again.
Dust Sheets Shake well outdoor after use. Wash , rinse
and dry when necessary .
Druggets Shake well by tapping on the ground
outdoors if made of plastics. Use a hard
brush to clean stubborn and dirt. Wash,
rinse and dry frequently.
Hearth and Shake well after use. Wash, rinse and dry
bucket cloths throughly after use.

MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
 SUNDRY EQUIPMENTS
This includes other miscellaneous pieces of
equipment used in the housekeeping department
– ladders, carpet beaters, and abrasive pads,
rubber gloves, airing racks, fit pumps and choke
removers.

MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
 MECHANICAL EQUIPMENTS
VACUUM CLEANERS
Vacuum cleaners remove debris and soil and/or water from a surface
by suction. All vacuum cleaners work on the same operating principle.
In all types, motor drives an impeller, which sucks in air through an
inlet, creating a difference in pressure between the air within and
outside the machine. Air drawn in from the inlet passes through and
out of the machine. Usually the air is sucked in together with soil,
debris or water. The dust is collected into a container provided, which
may be within the body of the machine (as in cylindrical and canister
models) or on the outside in the form of a bag (as in upright models).
The dust-collecting apparatus in the heavy duty models used in hotel
properties usually consists of 2 types of dust bags. The inner bag is
made of disposable paper and the outer one is made of fabric.
MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
 DRY VACUUM CLEANERS

Dry Vacuum Cleaners are used for removing dust and small pieces of
debris from the floors, upholstery, furnishings walls and ceilings.
These types has a flexible hose and come with different types of
cleaning attachments such as a floor-cleaning head, power head,
crevice-cleaning head, upholstery-cleaning head, dusting head,
extension tubes etc. MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
 ELECTRIC BROOMS

These are very lightweight vacuums without a motor-driven beater brush. They are
used only for light vacuuming and for touch-ups on carpets and hard floors.
Latest generation of Electric brooms are battery operated and hence can be used
without any cords.
Main Features
•Simple, lightweight professional upright vacuum
•Single vacuum and brush motor
•Ideal for smaller carpeted areas
MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
 DUSTETTE OR HANDHELD
VACUUM CLEANERS:

These are small, lightweight vacuum cleaners carried in the hand and used for
cleaning curtains, upholstery edges, mattresses, computers and music
systems. They clean by brushing and suction and are very easy to handle.
MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
 BACK-PACK VACUUM:

Back Pack Vacuum are lightweight and ergonomic backpack system, which can be adjusted
according to the operators preferences, makes working with such types of vacuum convenient
and therefore increases productivity.
These types of cleaners are mainly used for cleaning curtains, upholstery edges, mattresses,
computers and music systems. They clean by brushing and suction and are very easy to
handle. They can be either carried in hand or strapped to the back of the housekeeping
attendants. MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
Additionally used for cleaning hard to reach
areas like ceiling, curtain ends, etc. and they
are also called as 'Piggy Back' vacuums.

Main Features
•Fatigue-free cleaning
•Quiet operation
•Power & efficiency
•Versatility
MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
 UPRIGHT VACUUM

Upright vacuums are the ones more frequently seen in hotels. The main body of
the vacuum lies horizontal on the floor and is driven by a single motor. The dust-bag
is outside the machine’s main body.
There is a belt-driven beater brush to facilitate removal of dust from thick-pile
carpets. In an improved variation, there is a dual-motor system – one motor drives
the beater brush and the other provides the suction.
MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
The machine also has a built-in hose for cleaning
corners and upholstery. This machine is most suitable
for use on large carpeted areas.

Main Features:
•Easy to use
•Easy to maneuver(series of move).
•Easy to store
•High quality

MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
 CYLINDRICAL VACUUMS

These have no rotating brushes and work by suction only. A filter cum diffuser is fitted at the
outlet which removes fine dust and micro-organisms from the flow of air passing through the
outlet. The filter-cum-diffuser also reduces air disturbance and noise.
The dust-bag is inside the cylindrical body of the vacuum cleaner. A flexible hose along with
the different type of attachments is used to clean a variety of surfaces. These are the type of
vacuum cleaners which are commonly used by Housekeeping Attendants in guestroom
cleaning.
 CARPET PILE LIFTER

These vacuum cleaners are used to groom the long carpet piles. They lift up the
carpet pile that has sacked down and makes it fluffy.
These vacuum cleaners are used to groom long-pile carpets. They lift up the
carpet pile that has become packed down and restore their vertical orientation. It is
especially useful before shampooing the carpet, more so if the soiling is heavy.
This provides a safe all-in-one spotting solution for all common water and oil based
spots and stains on all carpets and soft furnishings.
MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
 CENTRALIZED VACUUM

In this type of unit, suction is generated at one point in the building.

Meanwhile, soiling can be removed at vacuum points somewhere else in
the building by suitable nozzles connected to detachable flexible hoses.
The collected dirt is then conveyed by a network of pipes to a central
container. This unit is expensive to install and is generally done at the
building construction stage. MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
The main advantage of centralized
vacuum is that it is extremely hygienic,
since all the dust is carried away from
the point of cleaning. Maintenance costs
are usually lower.
Additionally the operative fatigue is lower
and there are no frayed flexes to repair
and no individual machines to go wrong.
Such types of vacuum can also pick up
spills and excess water when it is used
on a wet mode. When on a dry mode,
they help to remove the dust and debris.
 WET-AND-DRY VACUUM CLEANERS

Wet and Dry Vacuum are extremely useful in hotel

housekeeping operations. They can pick up spills and excess
wash water when on the wet mode. When on the dry mode,
they help in removal of dust and debris. In hotels, these
machines are usually used in their wet mode to pick up spills.
Such types of vacuum cleaners are also required
when large areas of floors are being stripped of
polish and cleaned. They have a flexible hose with
attachments such as a squeegee head. The waste
water collects in a tank that needs to be
emptied after use.
A variation of this is the large tank-type vacuum
cleaners. These are also called canister-type
or industrial vacuum cleaners. They can be
used for dry and wet pick-up or both. The waste
water is scooped up by a squeegee attachment
through a nozzle and travels back into the tank.
They are used for cleaning large areas when time is
a constraint and are ideal for cleaning lobbies,
banquet halls and restaurants. MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
 CARE AND STORAGE OF VACUUM
CLEANERS
Vacuum cleaners will give maximum cleaning efficiency when they
are maintained and stored correctly. Housekeeping staff' need to
be trained in the proper care, usage and maintenance of these
machines.
The wheels of the machine need to be oiled periodically.
After each shift the dust bags should be checked and emptied if
required.
If the machine is operated with the dust bags full then the cleaning
will not be good as expected, and also the machine may heat up
too much and the bags may get damaged.
Wipe the casing daily and check the hose and flex before use.
Clean the attachment heads after each use. Check the filter after
use.
If the machine is meant for dry suction only, never use it to clear
even a little amount of water, else the dust bags will get damaged.
In case of wet vacuums, the bucket should be washed,
rinsed and dried.
The squeegee should be wiped clean and replaced
whenever necessary.
The hose needs to be rinsed out, the casing and wheels
wiped and the filter checked after use.
The wheels need oiling periodically.
The hoses should be stored hanging on hooks.
The tubes and attachment heads of a dry vacuum
cleaner should be stored in boxes, drawers of shelves.
The hoses and attachment heads of wet vacuum
cleaners should be stored off the ground on a rack, in a
well-ventilated place.
MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
 SCRUBBING AND POLISHING MACHINES

These are designed for scrubbing, buffing, burnishing, scarifying and

spray maintenance.
· Scrubbing: The bristle tips of a brush or the surface of a pad
abrade(remove with friction) and cut the soiling to remove it.
· Buffing: The bristle tips of a brush or the surface of a pad create a
high-gloss finish on the floor surface. In case of a surface on which a
polish has been applied, it will involve generation of a local heat to
harden waxes and resins.
· Burnishing: The tips of a brush or the surface of a pad abrade and
cut the floor surface to create a smooth surface with a glossy finish.
In case of a polished surface, it will involve the removal of a surface
layer of polish.
· Scarifying: The bristle tips or edge of a cutting tool, cut into
impacted soiling and remove it by means of a chisel-like action.
MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
SCRUBBING AND POLISHING MACHINES
MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
Spray Burnishing : This is similar to spray cleaning, but the term is applied to the
maintenance of floors where a buffable or semi-buffable polish has been applied
and the bristle tips of a brush or the surface of a pad remove both soiling and the
surface layer of polish to leave a smooth, glossy surface. Resins and waxes in the
maintenance product form part of the restored finish. These machines consist of
one large or several small brushes that revolve and scrub the floor. Water and
detergent are released from a tank attached to the machine. These machines can
be used for shampooing carpets, polishing floors and spray maintenance. Such
general-purpose machines are preferred in many establishments as the machine
can be put to greater use due to its versatility. In some machines, coloured,
abrasive nylon pads replace the scrubbing brushes. For normal-speed machines:
 Beige pads are used for buffing;
 Green pads are used for scrubbing; and
 Black pads are used for stripping.
The lighter the colour of the pad, the lesser abrasive is the action. These machines
may come with or without the suction capacity to pick up water. If the machine is
one without a suction action, then the machine will have to be used in
conjunction with it while scrubbing. The usual attachments for these machines are
brushes, drive discs, coloured nylon pads, a water tank, a shampoo
tank and a sprayer.
MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
 WET EXTRACTORS
These machines are used to restore the surface appearance of carpets,
upholstery and curtains. They remove the more deeply embedded soil
which is normally not easily removed by suction cleaning. They are also
useful in the application of soil-retardant finishes on carpets.
Hot-water extraction machines:
These are machines with no rotary action. They carry a tank for hot water
and detergent, which are used for deep cleaning carpets. The hot water
and detergent are shot into the carpet from high-pressure spray nozzles.
The dirt is thus flushed to the surface and this, along with the soiled water
is removed by suction into a container in the machine.
Also these machines are mistakenly called 'steam extraction' machines,
there is in fact no generation of steam and the cleaning agents are simply
hot water and detergent. Hot water extractors should never be filled with
water that is higher than 66° C [ 150° F ] in temperature, This is because
wool carpets can shrink on high temperatures.
Solvent extraction machines:
These machines are primarily used for cleaning upholstery and
curtains and to a lesser extent for carpets. MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
 CARPET SHAMPOO MACHINES
These machines, as indicated by the name, are designed for the deep cleaning of
carpets that are heavily soiled.
Types of carpet shampoo machines: There are 4 broad groups of these
machines:
· Steam-extraction machines: Though these machines are universally called steam
extraction machines, there is in fact no generation of steam and the cleaning
agents are simply hot water and detergent. Hot water containing the detergent is
injected at a prescribed rate and subsequently extracted by a wet vacuum system
built into the machine.
· Cylindrical-brush dry-foam machines: This system has a cylindrical brush that
scrubs that scrubs and picks up in one pass, the foam generated by the machine.
· Rotary-brush wet-shampoo machines: A rotary brush cleaner in conjunction
with a wet shampoo is employed for the cleaning of carpets here. The machine
comes with a range of accessories including vacuum and drying equipment.
· Small rotary-brushes wet-shampoo machines: This is also a rotary brush cleaner,
but employs 2 brushes instead of 1 and is somewhat smaller than the rotary-
brush wet-shampoo machine.
MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
CARPET SHAMPOO MACHINES MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
 SCRUBBER-DRIER-SWEEPERS
These machines remove debris, soiling and/or
water. They are suitable for large areas where
mechanical sweeping, scrubbing and drying are
required.

Power sweepers:
These are self-propelled or manually propelled
machines designed to remove debris and loosen
soiling from roads, pavements, carpets and large
areas of hard flooring.
MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
PEDESTRIAN DRIVEN SWEEPERS:- These feature a battery or
main operated rotating brooms that carries dirt back into
hopper.

PETROL OR GAS DRIVEN SWEEPERS:- These have a petrol

Or gas powered engine to drive a suction unit and brush.
Soilage is brushed back into the inflow and collected in a large
Cloth sack situated behind the motor.

SELF-PROPELLED SWEEPERS:- These machines may be petrol

Gas, or battery powered. The power is transferred to the drive
wheels and a rotating broom, which carries soilage away
from a surface. These machines generally contains:- A side
Broom, a water spray, a volume suction unit, a filter shaker.
MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
RIDE-ON SCRUBBER-DRIER-SWEEPERS
MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
 HIGH-PRESSURE WASHERS
This type of equipment is designed
to remove soiling by subjecting the
surface to water, steam and/or sand
under pressure. Water under
pressure physically dislodges the
dirt. The process can be assisted by
the use of hot water, steam or sand.
MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
 MANOJ RANA
HIGH-PRESSURE WASHERS (IHM SHIMLA)
 SCARIFYING MACHINES
Scarifying is the process by which heavy
grease, mud, wet sawdust and thick
deposits are removed from the surface of
floors. The process is employed when
simple scrubbing has been ineffective.
Here dirt deposits are broken up by the
chisel-like action of a wire-brush cutting
tool.
MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
 TYPES AVAILABLE
HEAVY DUTY SCRUBBER POLISHERS:- These single to three
Brush machines can have a brush weight of 65 kilograms
or more. They are used in conjunction with scarifying
assembly. Dislodged dirt is removed by a second operation
Involving sweeping.

SELF PROPELLED SCARIFIERS:- These consist of a revolving

Tool, a hopper into which the dirt is thrown up by the tool,
and a suction unit filter to remove finer particles.

MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)
SCARIFYING MACHINES MANOJ RANA
(IHM SHIMLA)