Peñano St.

, Calinan, Davao City

Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region XI
Division of Davao City
CALINAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School

By

Jacoba, Charina Lou

Lumanas, Anamae

Manlod, Seth Louie

Pelicano, John Carlo

Pelisco, Roselyn Queen

Secretaria, Nolan Carl

A Research Paper

Submitted in Partial

Fulfillment of the Requirements in Science Inquiries

Academic Track - STEM

November, 2018
 Table of Contents

List of
Tables…………………………………………………………………....................................iii
Dedication………………………………………………………………………….......…........iv
Chapter One
Introduction…………………………………………………………………….....……..1
Research Locale……......……………………………………………………………...3
Conceptual Framework…..……………………………………………………………3
Statement of the Problem.....………………………………………………………….3
Hypothesis………………………………………………………………………….......4
Scope and Limitatio..………………………………………………………………......4
Significance of the Study…...……………………………………………………..…..4
Definition of Terms…………………….....……………………………………….…...5
Chapter Two
Review of Related literature and Studies…………….………………………….......7
Related Literature………....…………………………………………………………...7
Coconut Water ………………………........…………………………………………...7
Squash Seeds Phytate and Phosphorous Content………………..………………9
Related Studies…………………...……………………………………………..……11
Chapter Three
Methodology…………………………………………………………………………..17
Research Method…………………………….....……………………………………17
Phase 1- Plant Extract Preparation……..………………………………….………17
Collection of Plant Materials…….…………………………………………………..17
Coconut Water Preparation ………..……………………………………………….17
Squash Seeds and Coconut Water Solutio.…………………………...………….17
Phase 2- Guajillo Chili Preparatio.………………………………………………....18
Collection of Chili Samples…..……………………………………………….…..…18
 Soil Preparation…….....………………………………………………………..……18
Preparation for Planting……....……………………………………………………..19
Planting…………………………………………………………………………..……19
Phase III- Guajillio Chili Experimentation...………………………………..………19
Application of Liquid Fertilizer on Guajillio Chili…………………………….……..19
Disposal of Guajillio Chili Samples………………………………………….………20
Data Gathering………………………………………………………………………..20
Phase IV- Data Collection and Analysis………………………………..………….20
Statistical Analysis……………………………………………………….…………..20
Area of the Leaves………………………………………………………..……….….21
Research Design………………………………………………………………….….21
Subjects………………………………………………………………………….…….21
Treatment of Data……………………………………………………………………21
Chapter Four
Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data………………………………..23
Chapter Five
Summary of the Problem……………………………………………………………28
Findings……………………………………………………………………………….28
Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………….29
Recommendations………………………………………………………..………….29
References……………………………………………………………………………………30
Appendix A: Acknowledgement…………………………………………………………….34
Appendix B: Request to Conduct Survey………………………………………………….35
Appendix C: Curriculum Vitae………………………………………………………………..37
List of Tables
Table 1: Results of the Surface Area of the Leaves ………………………………………24
Table 2: Mean of the Leaves Area of the Chili Plant ……………………………………..25
Table 3: T-test for Independent Samples…………………………………………………..26
List of Figures
Figure 1. Conceptual Framework……………………………………………………….......3
 Dedication

In behalf of the completion of the present study, the researchers dedicate this study

to their research teacher Mr. Eleazer Miones for the knowledge that he gives throughout

the making of the study. Because of his interaction to the researchers, they were able to

finish the study in a right time.

The researchers also give honor to their parents for their motivation and support

for the success of the present study. The study will not be completed without the

inspiration of them to the researchers.

And lastly, the researchers dedicate this study to the future researchers who will

continue figuring out a problem occurring in our society. This research study will help

them to give solution and support to the future studies.

 CHAPTER I
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

INTRODUCTION

Guajillo chili also known as Capsicum annuum is a moderately hot kind of chili

pepper which is used in different cuisines all over the world. It is undeniably the most

used kind of chili as a food ingredient and flavor enhancer due to its essential minerals

and nutrients such as Vitamin A, C, B6, and K1. (Wong, 2017). However, according to

Philippine Statistics Authority, the lack of supply of chili product in the Philippines has

been already observed especially to the Northern and some middle part of the country.

One of the reasons why the supply of chili product was rapidly decreasing is because of

the dawdling growth of Chili plant in the country.

There have been a lot of ways presented to fasten the growth of chili plant like

using chemical fertilizers. However, some of the inorganic fertilizers are so expensive for

some local farmers in the Philippines. Fortunately, there have been produced organic

fertilizer that comes from some native plants containing essential macronutrients that will

maximize the speed of the growth of a plant and improve the fertility of the soil (Ji, 2017).

Thus, it is very essential for farmers to afford organic liquid fertilizer with low price.
 Fertilization has been proven to have an effect on the phyto-nutritional quality of

crops. It is said that organic fertilizer has been proven to enhance the antioxidant

containing the plants (Ibrahim, et.al,). Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium are one of

the vital and needed nutrients by a plant with a proper proportion and quantity depending

on the plant.

On the other hand, Coconut water (Cocos nucifera), also called coconut juice is a

clear liquid inside the coconut. It can be used as an organic liquid fertilizer to enhance the

growth, soil fertility of the plant (Budi Winarto, 2015). It also contains a high amount of

potassium which is very helpful for the growth of chili.

Pumpkin seeds (Cucurbita pepo) will also be a good contributor to the health of

the chili plants for it contains large amounts of phosphorus which is essential for the

development specifically to the cellular division and formation of energetic structures of

the plant. Up to 80% of the phosphorus can be found in seeds in a form called phytic acid,

or phytate. Phosphorus is very important for the normal development of the roots and

reproductive organs for the chili plants.

The present study utilized some native plants like Squash seeds and Coconut

water as one of the sources of Potassium and Phosphorus by the chili plant. On the other

hand, this study examined the effectiveness of the three native plants for the growth of

the chili plant as an organic liquid fertilizer.

Research Locale

The research study was being conducted at Barangay Malagos, Baguio District,

Davao City, specifically at Manlod’s residence at the year 2018-2019.

Malagos area is known for being rich in different crops and plantations such as

coconut plantation. This place is well-chosen due to its wide area and abundant of the

materials to be used for the experiments.

Conceptual Framework

Liquid Fertilizer
Growth and Guajillio
Coconut water and Chili plant
Squash seeds

figure 1. Conceptual Framework

Statement of the Problem

The study focuses on the growth of Chili Plant and the effectiveness of organic

liquid fertilizer made up of coconut water and squash seeds.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:

1. Do coconut water (Cocos nucifera) and squash seeds (Cucurbita pepo) solution have

an effect on the growth of Chili plants?

2. What are the effects of Coconut water (Cocos nucifera) and Squash seeds (Cucurbita

pepo) as an organic liquid fertilizer to the Chili plant?

Hypothesis

1. Coconut water and squash seeds have no significant effect on the growth of Chili

plants.

Scope and Limitation

The researchers focused on the effectiveness of the organic liquid fertilizer that

composed of coconut water and squash on the growth of chili plant

The effectiveness will be observed based on the area of the leaves of Guajillo chili

plant.

Significance of the Study

The findings of this study are helpful in providing that coconut water and squash

seeds are effective as a potential liquid fertilizer.

The researchers believe that this study is beneficial to the following:

Farmers. This will help the farmers in applying an affordable organic liquid fertilizer

which helps to produce more chili products all over the country.

Consumers. The consumers will be able to benefit from this study in a way they can

buy more chili products at a lesser price.

 Research Teachers. The teachers will be informed of relevant information about the

effectiveness of Coconut water and Squash seeds as a potential liquid fertilizer. This will

also serve as a reference that would help them for their further researches.

Students. The students will benefit from this study by providing them knowledge about

the use of native plants as potential liquid fertilizer. This will also help them in their future

Science researches.

Definition of Terms

For a clearer understanding of the terms used in the study, the following are

defined operationally and conceptually:

Guajillo Chili (Capsicum annuum). Contain a wide array of phytochemicals with

well-known antioxidant properties. It contains high consumption of intestinal

bioaccessibility of carotenoids with significance in human health. (Deisy Hervert-

Hernández, 2010). As pertains in this study, it is used as the subject to test the efficiency

of organic liquid fertilizer.

Coconut water (Cocos nucifera). It is a vital fruit tree in the tropical regions and

the fruit can be made into many kinds of foods and beverages. It has a low matter content

which basically comprising sugars and minerals. (Alexia Prades, 2012). Operationally, it

is used in the study as one of the materials for organic liquid fertilizer.
 Squash seeds (Cucurbita pepo). It is the edible seed of a pumpkin or fatty acids

(TUFA) and provides an important source of nutrition. (Geoffrey Meru, n.d.). The squash

seeds were used in the study as one of the materials needed to prepare and make organic

liquid fertilizer.
 CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Coconut Water

Coconut (Cocos nucifera) has been recognized as the most essential and

extensively grown palm tree worldwide. Every part of the plant is very necessary and very

beneficial to plants and human life. Coconut water has been known to cause a division of

mature cells of plants (Prades, 2011). Many authors revealed that coconut water has a

growth factor which can improve the physiological activity of the different bacterial strains

and in vitro culture of plants.

In addition, Coconut water contains a lot of energy that would be a good source

for the improvement of the growth of plants where it is used as a liquid fertilizer (Ohoiulun,

2014). In addition, it also contains important macronutrients such as Nitrogen, Potassium,

Phosphorus, Magnesium, and Iron wherein Magnesium contained in the coconut water

will affect the rate of photosynthesis as it is used as an enzyme during the light reaction

in the process of photosynthesis.

Potassium (K) was the most abundant electrolyte contained in coconut water which

varied from 2400.96 to 2726.03 mg L-1(Kwiatkowski, 2015). It is said that coconut water

extracted from 8-9-month-old fruits has a greater amount and concentration of Potassium

(K). By coconut water with a high level of Potassium (K), absolutely plays a vital regulatory

role in plant development. It increases crop yield and improves quality and required for

various plant growth processes such as enzyme activation, stomatal activity,

photosynthesis, protein and starch synthesis, and transporting of sugars, nutrients, and

water to the parts of the plants (Prajapati, 2012).

According to (Omo, 2014), applying fertilizers through soil will not surely result to

a conducive growth and higher crop yield because in some ways it could be distracted by

different factors like soil pH, moisture content, matter content, and etc. In this situation,

the lack of any of the micronutrients even a single quantity will absolutely affect the growth

and yield of the plants. However, applying or spraying the plants with coconut water is the

best way for the micronutrients to restore and it is also vital to the growth of plants for it

contains different nutrients, phytohormones, enzymes, and minerals.

In line with this, applying Coconut water, the liquid content of Cocos nucifera was

very effective as it was recognized as a supplement for the growth of the plant. A large

amount of coconut water is found in green and young coconut fruit. It serves as nutrients

which are vital in promoting tissue growth for it contains proteins, amino acid, sugars,

vitamins, minerals, and growth hormones especially if the coconut water is already

mature. In addition, the extract of coconut water called Cocogro can be used as fertilizer

which enhances the growth of vegetables, legumes, fruit trees, flowering plants, and any

other crops, (MAJEED, 2009)

According to (Yong, 2014) stated that coconut water is widely used for the

micropropagation in a plant. It is because coconut water contains the chemical

composition of sugars, minerals, amino acids, and phytohormones. Phytohormones are

a group of naturally occurring organic compounds that which are vital in maintaining plant

growth and development. It includes plant growth regulators such as auxin, various

cytokinins, gibberellins or GAs and abscisic acid ABA which coconut water contains. The
cytokinin present in the coconut water support cell division and together with other

chemical components improves plant growth. (Muhammad, 2015)

Furthermore, cytokinins, together with auxins, are very necessary for plant

morphogenesis by regulating the formation of roots and shoots and intensify their relative

growth (Yong, 2014). It is responsible for the cell division, formation, and activity of shoot

meristems, induction of photosynthesis, nutrient mobilization, seed germination, and root

growth processes.

Squash Seeds Phytate and Phosphorus Content

Squash (Cucurbita pepo) is one of the important member of the Cucurbitaceae

family and is one of the 10 leading vegetable crop worldwide (Yaakov Tadmor, 2008).

Squash has also acknowledged and received considerable attention over years because

of its nutritional content (Mercy Achu, 2011).

Squash seeds are considered to be Agro-industrial wastes. Because of the

discovery of its nutrient content such as protein, fibers, minerals, polyunsaturated fatty

acids, and phytosterols, they are regarded valuable in the food industry (Petal, 2013).

Utilizing by-products and wastes may contribute to maximizing the availability of

resources. After the removal of the pulp, peel, and flesh, squash seeds can still be used.

The remaining portion of the material can be consumed by a human as snacks and also

it may be converted into nutrients for either food or feed or in fertilizer (Tarek A. El-Adawy,

2008).
 According to (Khalid, 2010), Phosphorus is important in growing a plant.

Phosphorus is involved in photosynthesis, respiration, energy storage and transfer, cell

division, and enlargement. It also improves the quality of fruit, vegetable, and grains.

In addition, squash seeds have nutritional quality and functional properties. They

were rich in oil and protein and contains a considerable amount of Phosphorus,

Potassium, Magnesium, Manganese, and Calcium (El-Adawy & Taha, 2008).

Most of the Phosphorus in seeds is accumulated in the form of phytic acid

(myoinositol-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate, InsP6). This molecule is a good chelator of

cations that are important for nutrition (Cominelli, 2015).

 REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES

Coconut Water

According to Michael (2015), Coconut water has been accounted enhance callus

induction, shoot improvement and increase in tissue culture of plants however has never

been attempted in sweet potato, which is as yet recalcitrant to most in vitro medicines

revealed. The target of this examination was to assess callus initiation; shoot expansion

and plant recovery possibilities of four distinct amounts of coconut water levels (0mlL-1,

25mlL-1, 50mlL-1, 75mlL-1 and 100mlL-1) on three sweet potato cultivars of Papua New

Guinea in vitro, on an adjusted Murashidge and Skoog (MS) medium. The altered medium

was enhanced with 3mgL-1 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic corrosive and 0.5mgL-1 6-benzyl

aminopurine. At coconut water levels lower than 75mlL-, callus inception and plant

recovery possibilities of all the sweet potato cultivars were generally low. At coconut water

dimensions of 75mlL-1 or higher, over 85% of SK010, 75% of WHCH005 and half of

PRAP496 started callus that was fit for multiplying into shoots. Shoot expansion was

additionally poor at lower coconut water levels. Shoot that proliferated at higher coconut

water levels were able to grow to maturity.

Also in Nasib, Ali, and Khan (2008) studies, the effect of coconut water on Kiwifruit

(Actinidia deliciosa) has been evaluated. The coconut water is simply drained from

dehusked immature coconuts by penetrating gaps through two of the micropyles. Extract

of water from each fruit separately was checked appropriately to determine that it is not

aged before addition to the bulk.

 Collected water from every one of the natural products was warmed at 80-100 °C

for 10 minutes with continuous stirring to precipitate out the proteins, fats and other

materials. The precipitates were separated by filtration and the filtrate is stored at -20 °C

for future use (George,2008). Over the span of the study, aside from the improved shoot

augmentation, two noteworthy impacts of coconut water were observed. First, the

expansion of coconut water to the media brought about 95% augmentation of in general

phosphorus (P) substance of the media (Mezetti et al., 2008). The second important effect

of coconut water is that it proved as a very useful pre-conditioner to have bigger and more

robust plants. Also, the addition of coconut water to the culture media resulted in the

plants with greater nutritional and carbohydrates contents as coconut water itself

contained 21.8 gm/L sugars altogether (George, 2008). It was also noted that all the

growth parameters of the cultures were exceptionally influenced by the addition of

coconut water, the (KW0, KW4, KW8, KW12) cultures showed a lot lesser growth as

compared to the cultures grown with the coconut water and the addition of coconut water

to the culture media resulted in maximum shoot length (7.2 ± 0.16) and hence facilitating

the efficient root formation. This upgraded root development eventually brought about the

high survival rate (>95%) of the developed plants.

Furthermore, in the study of Sekar, Veetil and Neerathilingam (2013) exploit tender

coconut water (TCW) was also used as a natural and cheaper growth medium for

Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Pichia pastoris. E.coli and P.pastoris were developed in

TCW and the development rate was checked by estimating optical thickness at 600 nm

(OD600nm), where 1.55 for E.coli and 8.7 for P.pastoris was obtained after 12 and 60

hours, respectively. However, variety in development rate was seen among TCW when
gathered from various regions (0.15-2.5 at OD600nm), which is ascribed to the fluctuating

compound profile among tests. In such manner, they endeavored the supplementation of

TCW with various carbon and nitrogen sources to accomplish consistency in development

rate. Here, supplementation of TCW with 25 mM ammonium sulfate (TCW-S) was noted

proficient for the standardization of irregularity, which further expanded the biomass of

E.coli by 2 to 10 folds, and 1.5 to 2 overlay in P.pastoris. These outcomes demonstrate

that nitrogen source is the major limiting factor for growth. This was supported by total

nitrogen and carbon estimation where nitrogen varies from 20 to 60 mg/100 ml while

carbohydrates showed no considerable variation (2.32 to 3.96 g/100 ml). In this study,

they utilized TCW as an articulation media for recombinant proteins by showing effective

articulation of maltose restricting protein (MBP), MBP-TEV protease combination and a

photograph switchable fluorescent protein (mEos2) utilizing TCW and the articulation

level was observed to be comparable to Luria Broth (LB). This study states that the use

of TCW alone is not advisable but in order to attain the consistency of growth, 25 mM

(NH4)2SO4 supplementation is recommended but it was concluded that TCW can be

employed as a natural, inexpensive and efficient growth media for expression of

recombinant proteins.

Phytase Activity in Squash Seeds

According to the study of Sparvoli & Cominelli (2015), phytic acids in seeds contain

a certain amount of phosphorus. On the far side of its role in phosphorus storage, phytic

acid could be an important sign molecule concerning the restrictive processes throughout

plant development and responses to different stimuli throughout the seed development,
the synthesis of phytic acids are coordinated therewith of different seed storage

compounds.

Phosphorus in seeds accounting for up to 80% of the total seed phosphorus and

contributing as plenty as 1.5% to the seed dry weight (Bhon et.al, 2008). Furthermore,

Phytate, by and large, accumulates in protein storage vacuoles as goblinoids,

predominantly placed in the aleuronic layer. During germination phytate as hydrolyzed

through endogenous phytase(s) and different phosphatases to launch phosphates,

inositol and micronutrients to assist the rising seedling. PA biosynthesis initiates quickly

after flowering and it accumulates at some stage in improvement until seed maturation

and desiccation. During this length of plant improvement adjustments in growth,

conditions occur rain, drought, excessive temperatures, and pathogens. In the instances

of farm animals production, excretion of PA can lead to accumulation of P in soil, water

and as a result to eutrophication of sparkling water streams and close to coastal

seawaters. Low PA mutant seeds can probably decrease these problems. Many low PA

mutants have been produced in most of the vital crop. However, many examples point

out that random mutations appear to affect biosynthesis during the plant life cycle and not

just in the seeds. Therefore, strategies appearing exclusively in the biosynthesis of PA

are wished to produced sustainable low PA seeds.

In the study of (Institute, February 2009; John N. A. Lott, Bojarski, Kolasa, Batten,

& Campbell, 2009), the seed phosphorus content is comparably higher than legumes and

on the oil crops, but less than cereals. Phosphorus is one of the essential macronutrients

required for the biosynthesis of metabolites in all living organism. In plants, phosphorus

is the second most limiting mineral next to nitrogen. Most of the phosphorus is
sequestered in seeds as a phytic acid salt (phytate/phytin), which is available to ruminant

animals and to a very limited extent to monogastric animals. In addition to plants, phytic

acid is also identified form yeast and mammalian cells. It has several functions in a

number of metabolic processes, in plants, phytic acid is primarily implicated for the

storage of phosphates as a source of energy and antioxidant for the germinating seed.

The liberated phosphorus was measured according to the ammonium-molybdate method.

A variety of seeds of higher plants have been reported for phytase activity. In this study,

however, the phytase activity of flaxseed was much lower than the ten-fold level

compared to cereals. And the phytase activity of chia seeds was comparable to cereals

and much higher than flax seed. However, the presence of significant amount of phytase

activity in chia seeds avails an important potential to utilize the seed meal as a source of

protein. It can be concluded that at least three (3) phosphates are involved for phytase

activity of mature seeds of chia.

Furthermore, phytic acid is a strong chelator of cations important for nutrition, such

as iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca). For this reason, InsP6 is

considered an antinutritional factor. In recent years, efforts to biofortify seeds through the

generation of low phytic acid (LPA) mutants have been noteworthy.

Moreover, genes involved in the biosynthesis and accumulation of this molecule

have been isolated and characterized in different species. Beyond its role in phosphorus

storage, phytic acid is a very important signalling molecule involved in different regulatory

processes during plant development and responses to different stimuli. Consequently,

many (lap) mutants show different negative pleiotropic effects. The strength of these
pleiotropic effects depends on the specific mutated gene, possible functional redundancy,

the nature of the mutation, and the spatiotemporal expression of the gene.

Breeding programs or transgenic approaches aimed at the development of new

lap mutants must take into consideration these different aspects in order to maximize the

utility of these mutants. In conclusion, the increasing number of plant processes in which

phytic acid and its metabolism have been shown to play a key role clearly indicates that

we need to increase our knowledge of the role of InsPs and phytic acid in the integration

and functioning of metabolic and hormonal signalling pathways and in response to biotic

and abiotic stresses. This knowledge will be fundamental to understand how far we may

go to obtain stable and productive lap mutants in different crops and how to drive their

genetic improvement.

Pertaining to the present study, the study of El-Adawy & Taha (2008) entitled

“Seed Biofortification and Phytic Acid Reduction: A Conflict of Interest for the Plant?”,

emphasizes that pumpkin (Cucurbita) seeds are converted into fertilizer that underutilized

agricultural byproducts. The methods used are, the pumpkin was cut with a sharp knife,

and the seeds have been hand accumulated from the gourd, wash with tap water, and

sun-dried at 30 diploma C for one week. Dried seeds have been shelled through cracking

with a small iron rod and manually peeled to take away the kernels. The mineral contents

of pumpkin seeds kernel flour have 0.05 greater phosphorus. In conclusion, all flours had

excellent sources of phosphorus and potassium.

 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

Research Method

This study is divided into four phases; Phase I- Plant Extract Preparation, Phase

II- Guajillo Chili Sample Preparation, Phase III-Guajillo Chili Experimentation, and Phase

IV- Data Collection and Analysis. All the experimentations were done in Calinan National

High School Science laboratory.

Phase I- Plant Extract Preparation

Collection of Plant Materials

Two hundred (200) grams of squash seeds were bought at the Calinan Public

Market while the coconut water was taken from Manlod's Residence at Malagos, Baguio

District, Davao City.

Coconut Water Preparation

The one (1) litre of coconut water was filtered through two plies of tissue paper as

described in the methods of Winarto et. al. (2015).

Squash Seeds and Coconut Water Solution

Following the methods of Odewole, 2015, the fresh squash seeds were thoroughly

washed with clean water. The seeds were dried under sunlight and cracked the seeds to

expose kernels which are needed for extraction. After the kernels properly dried, they
were pounded using mortar and pestle and put inside the closed container. 200 grams of

ground kernels were used and measured through weighing scale.

The pounded kernels were soaked with a solvent of one (1) Litre of oconut water

for at least 12 hours not exceeding 25 degrees Celsius. The solution was shaken

infrequently to boost the extraction process. After that, the mixture had undergone

filtration for the final solution.

Phase II- Guajillio Chili Preparation

Collection of Chili Samples

Two hundred 200 grams of Guajillo chilli seeds were bought at the Bankerohan

Public Market.

Soil Preparation

Sandy loam soil with good water holding capacity was prepared for the cultivation

process of Guajillo chilli as what followed from the method of Berke, et. al. (2008).

Preparation for Planting

Two (2) beds were built with a length of 2.40 m, 4.20 m wide and 0.30 m high from

the method of Berke, et. al, (2008). Each bed contained 30 seedlings with 6 seedlings in

a row for the different treatments. Net and bamboo sticks were also used for the covering

and protection of the seedlings from pest and heavy rain.

Planting

The two hundred (200) seeds were planted in pots or trays at a temperature of

about 20 degree Celsius and transplanted to its final beds when they have already 4 to 5

leaves.

The seedlings were planted 40 to 50 cm apart with 70 to 80 cm between the rows

in 10 cm deep in the soil. The process followed the method of Department of Agriculture,

Forestry, and Fisheries, (2010).

Phase III- Guajillio Chili Experimentation

Application of Liquid Fertilizer on Guajillio Chili

There were two treatments used in the study; Treatment I- Sunlight, Water, and

Treatment II- Sunlight, Water and squash seeds extract and coconut water solution. Both

treatments received an equal amount of water and sunlight every day. The two beds were

assigned for the two treatments where one bed of Guajillo Chili Seedlings received liquid

fertilizer every two weeks not exceeding to 0.4L/ 𝒎𝟐 during growth after transplanting and

during harvesting periods while the other remained untreated in terms of liquid fertilizer

(squash seeds and coconut water solution) application according to Don Mariano Marcos

Memorial State University (2014).

Disposal of Guajillio Chili Samples

All the samples have undergone drying which was strictly monitored for it not to

take root in the soil. After that, they were buried 6 to 12 inches deep in the soil as what

stated in texashelp.tamu.edu.

DATA GATHERING

Phase IV- Data Collection and Analysis

After administering the liquid solution on the two same groups with different

treatments, the growth of the Guajillo Chili was recorded and captured using the mobile

phone after two weeks. The area of the leaves were recorded properly for the validity of

the data.

Statistical Analysis

Mean- Mean was used to determine the averages area of the leaves of the Guajillo

Chili plant in different treatments.

T-test- This was used in comparing the averages area of the leaves of chili plant

between the two same groups with two different treatments which are the one was treated

with liquid fertilizer and the other one is untreated.

In testing the difference, the study used a .05 level of significance.

Area of the Leaves

We laid the leaves and measured on a 1 cm grid which is 1 square is equivalent

to 1 and traced their outlines. The number of square centimeters were counted,

afterwards, the area of the partial square which is at least half covered by the leaf was

also calculated properly as what stated in www.phschool.com

Research Design

The researchers used Experimental design in the study because there were

groups which were being experimented and controlled by the researchers in order to

determine the results of the experiments.

Subjects

The subjects used in the study were the Guajillo Chili bought from Bankerohan

Public Market. There were two beds containing 30 seedlings of Guajillo Chili each with a

total of 60 seedlings.

Treatment of Data

All data gathered by the instrument were tallied, tabulated, analyzed and

interpreted accordingly. The data were treated in the following:

1. Mean. This was used to determine the average area of the leaves of the two

same groups of Guajillo chili in different treatments.

 ΣFX
Formula: X= 𝑁

Where: X is Mean

Σ is Summation Symbol

F is Frequency

X is Weight of each item

N is Number of cases

T-test. This was used to compare the means of two sets of data.

(ΣA)2: Sum of data set A, squared (Step 2).

(ΣB)2: Sum of data set B, squared (Step 2).

μA: Mean of data set A (Step 3)

μB: Mean of data set B (Step 3)

ΣA2: Sum of the squares of data set A (Step 4)

ΣB2: Sum of the squares of data set B (Step 4)

nA: Number of items in data set A

nB: Number of items in data set B

 CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

The study aimed to determine the effects of Coconut water (Cocos nucifera) and

Squash seeds (Cucurbita pepo) solution as organic liquid fertilizer. Two hundred (200)

grams of pounded Squash seeds (Cucurbita pepo) and one (1) liter of Coconut water

(Cocos nucifera) were collected and utilized in the study. There were two treatments used

in the study: Treatment I (Water and Sunlight), Treatment II (Water, Sunlight, and Squash

seeds and Coconut Water Solution).

This chapter is composed of data analysis based on the results of the

experimentation done by the researchers. The statistical analysis was presented into

tables for the summary of the results. For the clear data, the results were presented into

two following categories.

A. Results of the Area of the Leaves among Two Treatments

B. Mean of the Height and Leaves Area of the Chili Plant among Two Treatments

C. T-test for Independent Samples

Table 1 shows the area of the leaves among the two treatments. The area of the leaves

of the Chili plants were measured through a grid where the square is equivalent to 1

square cm. The number of squared cm covered by the leaves were properly counted and

recorded.

Table 1: Results of the Surface Area of the Leaves among Two Treatments

Treatment II (Water, Sunlight, and

Treatment I (Water and Sunlight
Trials Squash seeds and Coconut water
Only) 𝒄𝒎𝟐
Solution) 𝒄𝒎𝟐
1 8.67 5.11
2 16.29 19.5
3 12.33 20.86
4 14.5 14.5
5 8.57 19.38
6 3.86 25
7 9.88 11.56
8 14.17 14.73
9 10.14 17.13
10 12.88 9
11 9.29 15.67
12 11 18
13 6 13.88
14 14.17 15.57
15 8 14.27
16 4.25 15.38
17 9.89 16.33
18 12.8 11.1
19 8.86 18.14
20 3.71 19.14
21 6.5 15.75
22 10 16.4
23 10.17 14.38
24 10.5 13.78
25 13.33 18
26 16.33 12.8
27 9.67 12.17
28 14.17 16.7
29 12.75 3.67
30 12.83 12.22
Table 2 presented the mean of the area of the leaves of the chili plant with the two

treatments. The mean of the area of the leaves of the chili plant under Treatment I is

10.5147 while in the Treatment II is 15.4200. It showed that the area of the leaves of the

chili plants which were treated with Squash seeds and coconut water solution have the

higher mean compared to the other treatment which is not treated with coconut water and

squash seeds solution.

Table 2: Mean of the Leaves Area of the Chili Plant among Two Treatments

Group Statistics

Treatment N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

Area Without fertilizer 30 10.5147 3.43484 .62711

With Fertilizer 27 15.4200 2.87061 .55245

Table 3 shows the result of the T-test for Independent Samples to compare the height of

the chili plant and the area of the leaves among two treatments. Results showed that

there is a significant difference(sig. 2-tailed=0.000 < 0.05) among the two treatments.

Table 3: T-test for Independent Samples

Levene's Test for Equality of Variances

F Sig. t Df Sig.(2-
tailed)

Area Equal variances .817 .370 -5.814 55 .000

assumed

Equal variances -5.869 54.719 .000

not assumed

The results from the statistical analyses showed that Coconut water and Squash

seeds solution has an effect on the area of the leaves of Chili plant. This was observed

after 45 days of experimentation. Based on the data above, the group of Chili plants which

was treated with the liquid solution has a greater mean compared to other treatment. The

change was due to the nutrients and minerals present in the Coconut water and Squash

Seeds. The study of Umesha, S. (2017) stated that coconut water has the ability to
increase the number of leaves of a plant as well as its leaves area which supported our

findings. Meanwhile, the phytic acid present in the squash seeds also has a greater

amount of phosphorous content which is necessary for the successful growth and

development of a seedling as what has been stated in the study of Batten, G. (2010). In

addition, with a sig. 2-tailed < 0.05 on the surface area of the leaves, the results revealed

that there is a significant difference between the two treatments.

 CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMNEDATION

This chapter provides a summary of the problem, the conclusion based on the

results of the experiment of the researcher and the data of this experiment are clearly

presented by the table. To improve this research, the researchers presented different

recommendations.

Summary of the Problem

The study focuses on the effectiveness of the coconut water and squash seed on the

growth of the chili plant. Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:

1. Do coconut water (Cocos nucifera) and squash seeds (Cucurbita pepo) solution have

an effect on the growth of Chili plants?

2. What are the effects of Coconut water (Cocos nucifera) and Squash seeds (Cucurbita

pepo) as an organic liquid fertilizer to the Chili plant?

Findings

The salient findings of the study are as follows:

1.Based on the results of the experiment, there is a difference between the area of its

leaves among the two treatments.

2.The mean of the area of the leaves of the chili plant under Treatment I is 10.5147 while

in the Treatment II is 15.4200. It showed that the area of the leaves of the chili plants

which were treated with the organic liquid fertilizer have the higher mean compared to the

other treatment which is not treated.

2. In the statistical analysis, the results showed that there is a significant difference

between the two treatments as the sig. 2-tailed are < 0.05 on the surface area of the

leaves.

Conclusions

Based on the results of the experiment, it showed that the Coconut water and

Squash seeds solution have growth effects to the Guajillo Chili. According to the statistical

data, there is a significant difference between the surface area of the leaves of the plant

under one group which was treated with the coconut water and squash seeds solution

compared to the group which is not treated with the solution. The results also showed

that the group with the absence of liquid solution has a lower mean in terms of surface

area of leaves compared to the group of Chili plant with the application of the liquid

solution. This mean that Coconut water and squash seeds solution has a growth effect to

Guajillo Chili.

Recommendations

For further research:

1. Utilize various concentration levels of coconut water to establish the least concentration

with the same effect.

2. Use commercial fertilizer to compare its effectiveness

For Guajillo chili farmers:

1.The liquid fertilizer made by the researchers can be used as an alternative liquid

fertilizer by the Guajillo chili farmers because it is effective and less expensive.
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KA-
Appendix
Acknowledgement
First and foremost, the researchers would like to thank God Almighty for giving

them strength, wisdom and knowledge in completing this research study. Without Him,

this research would not be possible.

Also, the researchers are particularly grateful for the assistance and supervision

given to them by their astounding research teacher Mr. Eleazar B. Miones. He has been

there providing his heartfelt support, guidance and immense knowledge needed by the

researchers and for the completion of this study. Without his guidance, this research

would not have been possible as well.

The researchers would also like to acknowledge the help and assistance provided

by Mrs. Arlene Tesoro and Mrs. May Abenoja, who have been so generous enough in

allowing us to use the Computer Laboratory.

Lastly, this acknowledgement would not be complete without thanking the greatest

source of strength of the researchers, their families. Their support and encouragement

have been a great contributor to the completion of this study, their unending support is

very much appreciated.

 Republika ng Pilipinas
KAGAWARAN NG EDUKASYON
Rehiyon XI
Lungsod ng Dabaw
CALINAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Peñano Street, Calinan, Davao City
TELEPHONE NOS. 295-0720 Principal’s Office / 295-0267 Accounting Office / 295-0246 Guidance Office

January 04, 2019

FORTUNATO B. SAGAYNO, Ph.D.
PSDS
Calinan National High School

Dear Sir,

This is to ask your permission to allow the following students from Grade 12 STEM to
conduct their research with a title “Coconut Water (Cocos nucifera) and Squash seeds
(Cucurbita pepo) as potential organic fertilizer”. The aim of this research is to explore the
growth enhancing potential of coconut water and squash seeds solution to the guadjillio chili to
produce affordable alternative fertilizers which can be used by the farmers.

The following students who are going to conduct the research are as follows:

1. Anamae Lumanas
2. Charina Lou Jacoba
3. Roselyn Queen Pelisco
4. Seth Louie Manlod
5. John Carlo Pelicano
6. Nolan Carl Secretaria

We had attached on this letter the Introduction, Statement of the Problem and the
Methodology of the research for reference purposes.

If you have further questions regarding the said request, you may contact us thru this
number 09124821437. We are looking forward your favorable response to this request.Thank
you and God bless!

Prepared by:

ANAMAE LUMANAS CHARINA LOU JACOBA ROSELYN QUEEN PELISCO

12 – STEM Student 12 – STEM Student 12 – STEM Student
SETH LOUIE MANLOD JOHN CARLO PELICANO NOLAN CARL SECRETARIA
12 – STEM Student 12 – STEM Student 12 – STEM Student

Recommending Approval:

ELEAZAR B. MIONES DIVILYN M. RODRIGUEZ

Research Adviser SHS Focal

Approved:

FORTUNATO B. SAGAYNO, Ph.D.

PSDS
 CURRICULUM VITAE

ANAMAE LUMANAS
Purok 14, Villafuerte St., Calinan, Davao City, Philippines
[email protected]
0928826552298

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Elementary: Lt. Cipriano Villafuerte Dr. Elementary School SY 2012-2013
Highschool: Calinan National High School SY 2016-2017
Senior High School: Calinan National High School SY 2018-2019

HONORS AND AWARDS

 Consistent Honor Student SY 2018-2019

SEMINARS/TRAININGS ATTEDED
 Leadership Training
 Red Cross Seminar 2017
 Fire Prevention Seminar 2017

ORGANIZATIONS
 GSP

SPECIAL SKILLS
 Computer Literate
 Can speak English fluently
 Critical thinking
 Can speak a Mandarin
 Mathematically Inclined
 CURRICULUM VITAE

CHARINA LOU JACOBA

Purok 38, Lagazo Village,Calinan, Davao City, Philippines
[email protected]
09493612786

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Elementary: West City Central School SY 2012-2013
Highschool: Calinan National High School SY 2016-2017
Senior High School: Calinan National High School SY 2018-2019

HONORS AND AWARDS

 Consistent Honor Student SY 2018-2019

SEMINARS/TRAININGS ATTENDED
 Dengue Prevention Seminar 2016
 Fire Prevention Seminar 2017
 Teenage Pregnancy Prevention 2017

ORGANIZATIONS
 N/A

SPECIAL SKILLS
 Computer Literate
 Can speak English fluently
 Critical thinking
 Good in Music
 Mathematically Inclined
 Can work under pressure
 Dancing
 CURRICULUM VITAE

ROSELYN QUEEN PELISCO

Purok 38, Abayon Village, Calinan, Davao City, Philippines
[email protected]
09124821437

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Elementary: Calinan Central Elementary School SY 2012-2013
Highschool: Calinan National High School SY 2016-2017
Senior High School: Calinan National High School SY 2018-2019

HONORS AND AWARDS

 Consistent Honor Student SY 2018-2019

SEMINARS/TRAININGS ATTENDED
 Dengue Prevention Seminar 2016
 Fire Prevention Seminar 2017
 Teenage Pregnancy Prevention 2017

ORGANIZATIONS
 N/A

SPECIAL SKILLS
 Singing
 Dancing
 Acting
 Critical Thinking
 Writing
 CURRICULUM VITAE

SETH LOUIE MANLOD

Purok 4-B, Malagos, Baguio District, Davao City, Philippines
[email protected]
09094048874

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Elementary: Calinan Central Elementary School SY 2012-2013
Highschool: Baguio National School of Arts and Trades SY 2016-2017
Senior High School: Calinan National High School SY 2018-2019

HONORS AND AWARDS

 Consistent High Honor Student SY 2018-2019

SEMINARS/TRAININGS ATTENDED
 Dengue Prevention Seminar 2016
 Fire Prevention Seminar 2017
 Teenage Pregnancy Prevention 2017

ORGANIZATIONS
 N/A

SPECIAL SKILLS
 Computer Literate
 Can speak English
 Mathematically inclined
 Dancing
 Editing
 CURRICULUM VITAE

NOLAN CARL SECRETARIA

Purok San Francisco, Tagakpan,Tugbok, Davao City, Philippines
[email protected]
09662332919

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Elementary: Calinan Central Elementary School SY 2012-2013
Highschool: Calinan National High School SY 2016-2017
Senior High School: Calinan National High School SY 2018-2019

HONORS AND AWARDS

 Consistent Honor Student SY 2018-2019

SEMINARS/TRAININGS ATTENDED
 Dengue Prevention Seminar 2016
 Fire Prevention Seminar 2017
 Teenage Pregnancy Prevention 2017
 Robotic Seminar Level 1 and 2 2018

ORGANIZATIONS
 N/A

SPECIAL SKILLS
 Computer Literate
 Can speak English
 Critical thinking
 Singing
 Playing instrument
 Mathematically inclined
 Multilingual
 Programmer
 CURRICULUM VITAE

JOHN CARLO PELICANO

Purok 4-A Gumalang,Baguio District, Davao City, Philippines
[email protected]
09381377534

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Elementary: Calinan Central Elementary School SY 2012-2013
Highschool: Calinan National High School SY 2016-2017
Senior High School: Calinan National High School SY 2018-2019

HONORS AND AWARDS

 Consistent Honor Student SY 2018-2019

SEMINARS/TRAININGS ATTENDED
 Teenage Pregnancy Prevention 2017
 Emergency Service Corps Training
 Fire Prevention Seminar 2017

ORGANIZATIONS
 BSP

SPECIAL SKILLS
 Computer Literate
 Can speak English
 Critical thinking
 Dancing