INTRODUCTION
The student trainee experiences a lot of things through the pace of on-the-
job training, gaining a vast experience of expertise on the field he chooses
particularly in the real world working setting. The on-the-job training was
executed in MWM Hog Farm, at Barangay Tangle, Mexico Pampanga because it
is near where the trainee lives. At the farm the trainee experiences tending the
cattle, cleaning the manure and feeding them on a different cycle like rice straw,
grass, rice bran, adding molasses and tending secondary task like feeding the
chickens and duck, looking out for their eggs. In general the on-the-job training
was successful not only for the purpose of the completion for the subject or in
order to graduate college but it also gives a lifetime wisdom and knowledge on
the importance of patience and perseverance in getting in the field of cattle
farming.
On-the-job Training is part of a college curriculum that aims to train and
orient students about the work and their future career. In this competitive world,
training plays an important role in the competent and challenging format of
business. Training is the nerve that suffices the need of fluent and smooth
functioning of work which helps in enhancing the quality of work life of employees
and organizational development too. Development is a process that leads to
qualitative as well as quantitative advancements in the organization, especially at
the managerial level, it is less considered with physical skills and is more
concerned with knowledge, values, attitudes and behaviour in addition to specific
1
skills. Hence, development can be said as a continuous process whereas training
has specific areas and objectives. So, every organization needs to study the role,
importance and advantages of training and its positive impact on development for
the growth of the organization. Quality of work life is a process in which the
organization recognizes their responsibility for excellence of organizational
performance as well as employee skills. Training implies constructive
development in such organizational motives for optimum enhancement of quality
of work life of the employees. These types of training and development programs
help in improving the employee behaviour and attitude towards the job and also
uplift their morale. Thus, employee training and development programs are
important aspects which are needed to be studied and focused on. This paper
focuses and analyses the literature findings on importance of training and
development and its relation with the employees’ quality of work life. (Kulkarni,
2013)
Nowadays, for development employees to achieve new knowledge and
technology, culture building and improvement of staff performance, organizations
hold different job-training courses. Therefore, measurement training
effectiveness and its impact on employee performance has a lot of importance.
(Barzegar & Farjad, 2011)
Training is essential to the growth and economic well-being of a nation.
This need for training pervades all levels of industry, for a national level where a
country’s well being in enhanced by training, to each company where productivity
2
is improved, down to the individual whose skills are enhanced and as a result
improve their position in the workplace. (Alipour et al., 2009)
Training is one of the most pervasive methods for enhancing individual
productivity and improving job performance in the work environment (Gupta &
Bostrom, 2006).
3
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Experiencing on-the-job training is a gain for the students because it
prepares them in an employee setting where they can do physical work following
a given task that must be accomplished before the day ends. According to Lisa
Mcquerrey (2014) On-the-job training is a practical way of introducing new
employees to the workplace by providing them hands-on learning opportunities
and instruction. Typically, employees are briefed and then paired with a
seasoned colleague who shows them the ropes. The employee can then
transition into completing tasks on her own while under supervision.
In this competitive world, training plays an important role in the competent
and challenging format of business. Training is the nerve that suffices the need
of fluent and smooth functioning of work which helps in enhancing the quality of
work life of employees and organizational development too. Development is a
process that leads to qualitative as well as quantitative advancements in the
organization, especially at the managerial level, it is less considered with physical
skills and is more concerned with knowledge, values, attitudes and behaviour in
addition to specific skills. Hence, development can be said as a continuous
process whereas training has specific areas and objectives. So, every
organization needs to study the role, importance and advantages of training and
its positive impact on development for the growth of the organization. Quality of
work life is a process in which the organization recognizes their responsibility for
excellence of organizational performance as well as employee skills. Training
implies constructive development in such organizational motives for optimum
4
enhancement of quality of work life of the employees. These types of training and
development programs help in improving the employee behaviour and attitude
towards the job and also uplift their morale. Thus, employee training and
development programs are important aspects which are needed to be studied
and focused on. This paper focuses and analyses the literature findings on
importance of training and development and its relation with the employees’
quality of work life. (Kulkarni, 2013)
Nowadays, for development employees to achieve new knowledge and
technology, culture building and improvement of staff performance, organizations
hold different job-training courses. Therefore, measurement training
effectiveness and its impact on employee performance has a lot of importance.
(Barzegar & Farjad, 2011)
Training is essential to the growth and economic well-being of a nation.
This need for training pervades all levels of industry, for a national level where a
country’s well being in enhanced by training, to each company where productivity
is improved, down to the individual whose skills are enhanced and as a result
improve their position in the workplace. (Alipour et al., 2009)
Training is one of the most pervasive methods for enhancing individual
productivity and improving job performance in the work environment (Gupta &
Bostrom, 2006).
5
In 2022, the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) estimated the country’s
beginning inventory of dairy cattle (female dairy animals only) at 9,949 head,
while there are 7,120 buffalo, and 13,147 goats. The number of dairy goats is
growing due to more imports, with the NDA focusing on providing goats for the
livelihood of small farmers. The dairy cattle herd has been declining due to
refreshing of old animals and slaughter of cows for meat.
Production is dominated by small farmers, with a few medium-to-large
farms operated by entrepreneurs. In the dairy cattle sector, farms are small if
they have 5-10 cows; medium farms have 11-50 head; and commercial farms or
large farms have over 50 head. For dairy buffalo, farms with 5-10 animals are
smallholders, medium farms have more than 10 head, and commercial farms
have 25 head and above. For dairy goats, smallholders are those with 25 head
and below, medium farms have 26-99 head, and commercial farms have over
100 head. The Philippine average milk production is 10 liters/day for dairy cows,
4.5 li/day for buffalo, and 1.5 li/day for goats. Production remains low mainly due
to poor feeding and management practices as a result of high production costs
and lack of adequate infrastructure.
In comparison, the average daily milk yield in the United States is around
30 li/day. Cheese production is minimal, coming from low domestic supply. Cow’s
milk and buffalo milk are procured for processing into fresh white cheese, milk
candy, and ice cream. Two companies in the Philippines buy buffalo milk direct
from producers, and process and distribute buffalo milk ice cream. The
government-owned Dairy Training and Research Institute (DTRI) and Philippine
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Carabao Center (PCC) produce white cheese from locally produced milk. There
are also growing Indian communities in the country that prefer to buy buffalo
milk-derived Indian-type cheeses
Dairy consumption reached 3 million MT in 2021, with the vast majority
supplied by imports. With an expanding middle class and a growing population,
the Philippines is a large and expanding market for dairy products with annual
per capita consumption of 27 kilograms. In comparison, the United States
consumes 287 kg per capita of dairy, showing that there remain ample
opportunities for food manufacturers to offer more packaged dairy products in the
Philippines. The Philippine population stands at 115 million in 2022, the 13th
largest in the world, and growing 1.4 percent annually. Prior to the pandemic, this
population growth was paired with the third fastest economic expansion in Asia.
The country’s economy is expected to grow this year by about 6 percent,
following a 5 percent growth in 2021.
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METHODOLOGY
Time and Place of the Study
The On-The-Job Training took place at MWM Hog Farm at Sitio Wakas
Barangay Tangle, Mexico Pampanga. The trainee started last June 08, 2023 and
ended last July 18, 2023.
Historical Background
Milabel Manabat Mandani, a mother of two and a loving wife and a great
mother to her children. She was raised by her parents full of love. Her parents
were farmers who used to plant crops to feed their families. Milabel is a loving,
helpful, and caring daughter and sister. Due to the difficulties of life, Milabel
worked hard to lift her family out of poverty and because of her hard work,
dedication, and loyalty to what she does, Milabel has achieved her dream and
her most hopeful comfort in life and that is to have a farm business. Brief History
of the Farm MWM Hog Farm (formerly Pecson Farm) is located at Sitio Wakas
Barangay Tangle Mexico, Pampanga. It is owned by the former Mayor of
Magalang, Mr. Romulo F. Pecson, but now it is being rented and managed by
Mrs. Milabel M. Mandani, MWM means M for Milabel, W for Wiro the eldest child
of Mrs. Mandani and lastly the letter M for Musika the youngest child of the
owner. The farm has a land area of 13 hectares. It is about 10 kilometers from
Magalang Public Market. During the period of OJT’s the farm has a population of
cows, bull and calf. The breeders---- It has a monitor type building an open sided,
double sloped roof shed and it has a two employees/workers.
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METHOD OF DUTIES
The task and activities on the farm are observing and feeding the cattle,
cleaning the farm, specifically the cow manure, and transferring the grass into the
cow pens and cow shed from the truck. And we also do additional tasks like
feeding the ducks and chickens and watering the plants. The trainees work
schedule is from Monday to Saturday, 8:00 in the morning to 6:00 pm.
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LEARNING BY DOING
In two months of training at MWM Hog Farm, the trainee learned a lot of
things and skills on how to take care a cattle farm. The trainee is grateful for the
help of the owner Mrs. Milabel Mandani, to her patience on answering every
question that the trainees asked. All of what the trainee learned in cattle industry
will remain in the hearts of the trainee for the future use.
FEEDING
In two months of training at MWM Hog Farm, the trainee learned a lot
about feeding cows and the importance of adequate feeding cycle to maintain
their health and strategy on feeding cycle of cattles, like spraying molasses on
rice straw and transferring grasses to pens for cows and buffaloes and mixing
rice bran and corn grits with molasses to fed them.
CLEANING
In two months of training at MWM Hog Farm, the trainee learned vast
knowledge about the importance of cleaning cow pens, cow shed, food
containers, hallways, and rest house; cleaning the cow pens and shed, it is
necessary to scrape the piled manure to prevent accidental slippage, scrape the
cow manure using a cow manure floor scraper, pushing it and stock it outside the
cow pens, using shovels to move the cow manure to the dump, cleaning the food
containers by sweeping to clear out the manure or leftover rice straw, same with
hallways, trainees scrape the floor to clear out cow manure and spilled rice straw.
Lastly, trainee clean the resting house daily to clear out chicken manure and
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sometimes cow manure. These are the things that the trainee learned from
cleaning the whole farm.
PUTTING MOLASSES
In two months of training at MWM Hog Farm, trainee learned a lot about
putting, mixing, and spraying molasses to the rice straw, rice bran, and corn grits.
Mixing molasses in the rice straw, trainee put the rice straw first in the food
container before spraying the molasses, then mixing molasses with rice bran and
corn grits. The trainee will put the rice bran on the floor of cow shed; afterwards
the trainee will put the corn grits and the molasses to mix it properly until it
combines.
PROPER MIXTURE OF FOOD
In two months of training at MWM Hog Farm, the trainee learned a lot
about the proper mixture of foods like what we call two to one which is two
bucket of rice bran and one bucket of corn grits, then mixing it using shovel. After
mixing the mixture will be fed to cattle.
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SUMMARY
In May 2023, the trainee received orientation from OJT Coordinator Mr.
Jansen Joshua L. Canlas for the program's requirement to complete 300 hours in
a real-world working environment. The students were given orientations during
which the dos and don'ts of putting the program in place were sternly addressed.
These orientations included all the requirements that must be met before
beginning the aforementioned on-the-job training.
In Sitio Wakas, Barangay Tangle Mexico, Pampanga, the trainee began
her on-the-job training at the company of her choice, the MWM Hog Farm. Mrs.
Milabel Mandani, the farm's owner, interviewed and oversaw the trainees and
gave them instructions on their main tasks as well as other tasks they may
complete in addition to those if they had finished their primary ones. So on the
trainee's first day, the owner accompanied them to the farm itself to show them
the work they should do first for the first day. Then after that the following days
until the end, from Monday to Saturday, the trainee was required to report to the
owner at 8:00 a.m. and work until 6:00 p.m. The trainee was assigned a
responsibility as part of the training that involved caring for the farm, particularly
the cows and carabaos, by feeding them, cleaning their pens and sheds, and
also observing them if there were injured cattle or newborns. Before the training
of the students was over, the Artificial Insemination that could be used or done
for proper breeding was also discussed with them. Feeding the chickens and
ducks, watering the plants, and cleaning the rest house are extra tasks.
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The trainee completed the required 300 hours of on-the-job training,
beginning on June 8th, 2023, and ending on July 18th, 2023. This training helped
the trainee to maintain being a hardworking and persistent person that no matter
how difficult the work is, you have to do it with diligence and love for what you do.
There is no big or small job as long as you do it with full honesty, and the most
important thing is not stooping on other people for your own good or desire.
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CONCLUSION
The pace of on-the-job training exposes the student trainee to a wide
range of experiences, giving her a deep understanding of the subject the trainee
selects, particularly in the context of a real-world workplace. The trainee works
on the farm tending the cattle, cleaning the manure, and feeding them on a
different cycle with rice straw, grass, rice bran, and corn grits adding molasses,
as well as tending side tasks like feeding the chickens and ducks and looking out
for their eggs. In general, the on-the-job training was successful not only for the
aim of finishing the subject or in order to graduate college, but it also delivers
lifetime wisdom and information on the significance of perseverance and
patience in order to enter the area of cattle farming in the future.
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PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED
Every trainee’s experience some problem upon the completion of the on-
the-job training and upon this experiences are some recommendation in mind.
INBREEDING
One of the difficulties of the farm is inbreeding since the farm doesn’t have
a caretaker cattle and buffaloes are free to do the inbreeding since they are
scattered and not trapped in their cages, it can result in increasing risk of
undesirable genes and a reduction in genetic diversity.
NO RECORDKEEPING
In the world of business, keeping no official records is not normal because
they reveal whether a company is profitable or not.
LACK OF FARM WORKERS
Every farm is in need of a worker that is what MWM Hog farm lack of,
because workers in there are only command to do rations of food to cattle and
then go out, it was only a secondary job for them. The result of not having a
regular worker in the farm tend put the farm at risk like inbreeding and the
cleanliness of farm is at risk for they only hire workers to clean the cattle farm
when the manure is much to handle.
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NO PROPER FARM MANAGEMENT
Management is one the most important part of putting up a business and
MWM hog farm doesn’t have it because as I’ve said no proper caring to the place
and to the cattle. Cattle tend to be wild because they are just roaming around the
farm and does not see people often.
NO PROPER FARM FACILITES
As I’ve observed the farm is not inclined to innovation and the farm works
tend to be heavy and done manually as other farms are engaging in the easy
way of feeding and maintaining the cleanliness and not time consuming works
inside the farm.
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RECOMMENDATIONS
INBREEDING
It is advised to perform an Artificial Insemination (AI) with the cattle and
buffalo to avoid inbreeding. By doing this, the farm will not experience fewer
occurrences like having undesirable genes and a reduction in genetic diversity.
NO FINANCIAL REPORT
In the world of business, keeping no official records is not normal as they
disclose a company's production profitability. The trainee recommends the owner
to keep financial records or to employ someone to manage the farm's books. To
determine the profitability of the mentioned farm and eliminate wasteful spending,
a financial report is required.
LACK OF FARM WORKERS
It is advised to put regular farm workers in the cattle farm to properly
manage the business and tend the farm daily to put a system in the farm. By
doing this the farm will be properly clean and the cattle can eat properly too.
NO PROPER FARM MANAGEMENT
It is advised to hire someone who is capable of handling a cattle business,
which will be the secretary, by doing this there are someone in authority who can
command and observe the situation of the farm whether it is growing up or going
down.
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NO PROPER FARM FACILITES
It is advised to indulge in farm innovation and renovation, investing in
proper facility and strategic building of facility to lessen the manual labour and
lessen the time in working, by doing it, it is possible that the farm management
can find a worker willing to work because of the easiness of the job.
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REFERENCES
A study of on the job training effectiveness: Empirical evidence of
Iran.pdf (academia.edu)
Alipour: A study of on the job training effectiveness:... - Google
Scholar
A Study on the Impact of on the Job Training Courses on the Staff Performance
(a Case Study)
A Study on the Impact of on the Job Training Courses on the Staff
Performance (a Case Study) - ScienceDirect
A LITERATURE REVIEW ON TRAINING & DEVELOPMENT AND
QUALITY OF WORK LIFE.pdf
International Refereed Research Journal,Microsoft Word -
Paper_20.doc (dcvmn.org)
Dairy and Products Annual_Manila_Philippines_RP2022-0057.pdf
pidsdps2219.pdf
https://doi.org/10.46729/ijstm.v2i1.150
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APPENDICES
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Appendix 1: Application Letter
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Appendix 2: Endorsement Letter
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Appendix 3: Work Plan Form
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Appendix 4: Training Waver Form
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Appendix 5: Memorandum of Agreement Practicum Agreement Internship
Plan
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Appendix 6: On-The-Job Training/Practicum Agreement
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32
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Appendix 7: Parent’s/Guardian Consent Form
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Appendix 8: Internship Plan
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Appendix 9: Work Assignment and Schedule Matrix
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Appendix 10: Progress Report
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Appendix 11: Evaluation Form
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Appendix 12: On-The-Job Training Completion Certificate
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Appendix 13: English Critic Certificate
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Appendix 14: Medical Certificate
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Appendix 15: Dental Certificate
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Appendix 16: Insurance
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Appendix 17: Daily Time Record
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Appendix 18: Diary
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Photo Documentation
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