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Computer Architecture

The document discusses serial and parallel interfaces. [1] A serial interface transmits data as a single stream of bits over a single wire, while a parallel interface transmits multiple bits simultaneously over different wires. [2] There are two types of serial interfaces: asynchronous and synchronous. [3] A parallel interface refers to a multi-line channel that can transmit several bits of data at once, and was commonly used to connect printers to PCs before USB became widespread.

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14 views

Computer Architecture

The document discusses serial and parallel interfaces. [1] A serial interface transmits data as a single stream of bits over a single wire, while a parallel interface transmits multiple bits simultaneously over different wires. [2] There are two types of serial interfaces: asynchronous and synchronous. [3] A parallel interface refers to a multi-line channel that can transmit several bits of data at once, and was commonly used to connect printers to PCs before USB became widespread.

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ASSINGMENT COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE.

PARALLEL AND SERIAL INTERFACE

1.SERIAL INTERFACE

A serial interface is a communication interface that transmits data as a single


stream of bits.

The serial interface acts as a communication interface between two digital systems
that sends data as a series of voltage pulses over a wire. In contrast, a parallel
interface transmits multiple bits simultaneously using different wires.

Some devices that use the serial interface include the Universal Serial Bus (USB),

There are two types of serial interface:

 Asynchronous serial interface (commonly abbreviated as SCI): With


the SCI, data is sent in well-defined frames. A frame refers to the
total, non-divisible packet of bits. Included within the frame are certain
information (for example, data) and some overhead (for example,
control bits).

The frames used in an asynchronous serial protocol usually include a


single start bit, parity bits, seven or eight data bits, and, sometimes, a
stop bit. SCI is often used to establish communication between two
computer systems. SCI is considered asynchronous because neither
system needs to synchronize its clock prior to communicating.

 Synchronous serial interface (commonly abbreviated as SPI): In SPI,


the receiver does not have any internal clock, which indicates that the
receiver is unable to individually synchronize its data line reading with
the transmission rate of the transmitter. The receiver requires some
assistance and that support is available in the form of a clock signal,
which is shared by the receiver and transmitter. The clock signal
serves as a control line that informs the receiver about the best time
to read from the data line. This implies that the receiver and
transmitter should synchronize their accessibility to the data line to
successfully send data.

SPI is generally used if a microcontroller needs to send data to a


device with no internal clock.
 PARALLEL INTERFACE

A parallel interface refers to a multiline channel, with each line capable of


transmitting several bits of data simultaneously. Before USB ports became
common, most personal computers (PCs) had at least one parallel interface for
connecting a printer using a parallel port. In contrast, a "serial interface" uses a
serial port, a single line capable of only transmitting one bit of data at a time; a
computer mouse connection is a good example.

Where is parallel interface used?

A parallel port is an interface allowing a personal computer (PC) to transmit or receive


data down multiple bundled cables to a peripheral device such as a printer.

Difference between parallel and serial interface

The main difference between the serial and parallel interfaces is how they transmit data. In
serial interface the data is sent or received one bit at a time over a series of clock pulses. In
parallel mode the interface sends and receives 4 bits, 8 bits, or 16 bits of data at a time over
multiple transmission lines.

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