ILMI STARS Education System | spresaing ne tin 1* Year Physics Chapter 2: Vectors and Equilibrium Topic: Numerical ProblemsNumerical 2.1: a person throws a ball straight up with a speed of 12 m/s. If the bus is moving at 25 m/s, what is the velocity of ball to an observer on ground? Given Data © Velocity of the ball = Vi =12 m/s © Velocity of the bus = V2 = 25 m/s To Find Velocity of the ball to an observer on the ground = Vr =? Solution As we know that Va = [V2 + V2" By putting values; Va= (G2)? + (25? Va = V144 + 625 Va = V769 Vp = 27.73 m/s Vp = 28 m/sDirection ee @=tan By putting values — pa 1 1am/s Oe aN ome 6 = tan™' 0.48 @ = 25.64° 6 = 26°Numerical 2.2: A football leaves the foot of a punter at an angle 54° (positive x- direction) at a speed of 21 m/s. Determine the horizontal and vertical components of the velocity. Given Data © Speed of football = V = 21 m/s © Angle =@ =54° To Find © Horizontal component = Vx © Vertical component = Vy = ? Solution Vy = Vos By putting value V, = 21cos54° Vx = 21 (0.587) Vx = 12 m/s Vy = Vsin@ By putting values Vy = 21 sin 54° Vy = 21 (0.809) Vy = 17 m/sNumerical 2.3: A 1.84 kg school bag hangs in the middle of a clothesline causing it to sag by an angle @ = 3.50°, Find the tension T, in the clothesline. Given Data Mass of school bag, m = 1.84 kg Sagging angle, 0 = 3.50° To Find Tension in the clothesline, T =? Solution Consider following diagram; Applying 1st condition of equilibrium i.e. X-components of tension balance each other Tee Tx Y-components of tension balance weight of bag Ty+Ty-w=0 21y-w=0 2Tsind -w=0 2Tsind =w T2sin@ =mgmg *2sind By putting values; 1.84 kg x9.8 ms~? ee ree 2sin3.50° 18N 2sin3.50° 18N 2(0.061) 18N 0.122 T= 147.54098 N T=148NNumerical 2.4: Fin the magnitude and direction of vector represented by following pair of components a) Ay = -2.3.cm, Ay = +4.1cm Solution A= {A,? + Ay” By putting the values; A= (C237 + 4D? A= V¥5.34+17 A= V223 A=47cem Now for direction; 2 tant Se @=tan = 1 41 =23 @=tan @ = tan“ (-1.78) @= -60.7° Negative sign is for the direction, therefore 6 = 60.7° As the x-component is negative and y-component is positive so @ lies in 2 quadrant; 0, = 180° — 60.7° 0, = 180° — 60,7°0, = 119.3° b) Ay ==+3.9m, Ay = -1.8m Solution A= {A,? + Ay” By putting the values; A= (G9? + (C18? A= Vi521+3.24 A= V18.45 A=43m Now for direction; A = es @=tan x = tan7! 28 6 = tan“ =~ @ = tan“ (-0.4615) 6 = —24.78° Negative sign is for the direction, therefore 0 = 24.78° As the x-component is positive and y-component is negative so @ lies in 4"" quadrant;0, = 360° — 0 4 = 360° — 24,78° 4 = 335.2° — U Education System | Spreading the LightNumerical 4.5: Vector F having magnitude 5.5 N making 10° with x-axis and vector r with magnitude 4.3 m makes 80° with x-axis. What is the magnitude of their dot and cross products? Given Data Vector F = 5.5 N, making 10° with x-axis Vector r= 4.3 m, makes 80° with x-axis To Find a) Dot product = F-r =? b) Cross product F x r =? Solution a) Dot product r F-r = FrcosO By putting values; F-r = (5.5)(4.3)cos70° F-r = (5.5)(4.3)(0.342) F-r=81Nm b) Cross product F x r Fxr= Frsin@By putting values; Fx r= (5.5)(4.3)sin70° Fx r = (5.5)(4.3)(0.939) Fxr=22.2Nm Education System | spreading the LightNumerical 2.6: The magnitude of dot and cross product of two vectors is 6V3 and 6 respectively. Find the angle between the vectors. Given Data B = 6V3 AxB=6 To Find Angle=0 =? Solution From the definition of dot product, A+B = ABCos 0 ABCos@ = A-B By putting the value of A-B ABcos@ = 6V3-— From the definition of cross product, AXB = ABCos 6 ABsind = AxB By putting the value of Ax B, ABsin@ = Dividing eq.2 by eq.1Education System | Spreading the LightNumerical 2.7: A uniform rod 1 m long with weight 6 N can be supported ina horizontal position on a sharp edge with weights of 10 N and 15 N suspended from its ends. What is the position of point of balance? Given Data Weight of Rod, Fr = 6 N Weight attached on one side, Fi = 15 N Weight attached on other side, F2= 10 N Length of Rod, L=1m To Find Position of balance, x =? Solution Consider following figure; ——_!_ 0.—_—_——_ . ——_05 Distance of gravity of rod, In = (0.5 - x) m Distance of weight, Fi =|, =x Distance of weight, Fz = Iz = 1-xTorques © Clockwise torque is due to F; and Fr © Anticlockwise torque is due to F Anticlockwise torque = Clockwise torque FixX = Fz x(L-X) + Fax (0.5-X) 15NxX = 10Nx(1-X) + 6Nx (0.5-X) 15X = 10 -10X + 3-6x 15X 13 —16X 15X +16X = 13 oxen ees X = 13/31 X = 0.419mNumerical 2.8: A 4.0 m long uniform ladder with weight of 120 N leans against a wall making 700 above a cement floor as shown if figure. Assuming the wall is frictionless, but the floor is not, determine the forces exerted on the ladder by the floor and by the wall. Wall Given Data Length of ladder, L= 4.0m Weight of ladder, W=120N Angle of ladder with floor, @ = 70° To Find Force exerted on the ladder by wall, Fw =? Force exerted on the ladder by the ground, Fg =?Solution Torques Anticlockwise torque is due to force of wall, Fw Fe Magnitude of Fw = Moment arm of Fw = L sind ¢ Moment arm of Fw = 4m x sin 70° Ly=Lsino Moment arm of Fw = 4m x 0.939 Moment arm of Fw = 3.76 m 4 Saas AntielbeRsetorque= FW 376% = Ty Lx=L-coH0 | +o: Clockwise torque is due to weight of ladder, W Yfa ' Magnitude of W = 120 N Moment arm of W = L cos Moment arm of W= 4/2m x cos 70° Moment arm of Fw=2 x 0.342 Moment arm of Fw = 0.68 m Clockwise torque = W x 0.68m Clockwise torque = 120 N x 0.68m Clockwise torque = 81.6.N' m By applying 2" condition of equilibrium Anticlockwise torque = Clockwise torque Fw X3.76m=816NmFw =81.6Nm/3.76m Fw = 21.702 N Now, by applying 1* condition of equilibrium; Upward force = Downward force Fy = W Fy-W=0 Fy -120N=0 Right-side force = Left-side force Fes Fw Fy-Fw= 0 F,-22N=0 By applying Pythagoras theorem; I | (Fo)? = (Fu)? + (Fe)? F Fe F, Taking square root on both sides; N | ‘ ' Fo = [Fy + Fy? ' 5 By putting values;Fe = (20)? + (22)* Fg = Vi4084 Fe=122N Ans — Education System | spreading the LightNumerical 2.9: The 450 kg uniform I-beam supports the load of 220 kg as shown. Determine the reactions at the supports. Given Data Mass of I-beam, Mg = 450 kg Weight of |-beam, Wp = Mpx g = 450 kg x 9.8 ms” = 4410 N Mass of the load, M. = 220 Kg Weight of the load = Wi = Mix g = 220 kg x 9.8 ms* = 2156 N Length of the beam L=5.6m+2.4m=8m To Find Reaction force at A= Ra=? Reaction force at B= Rp =?Solution Consider point A as axis of rotation, Ra does not cause any torque because it passes through axis of rotation Anticlockwise torque is due to Rp Anticlockwise torque = Rg x 8m Clockwise torque is due to Wg and W, Clockwise torque = (Ws x 4m) +(W.x 5.6m) Clockwise torque = (4410 N x 4m) +(2156 x 5.6m) Clockwise torque = 17640 N m + 12074Nm Clockwise torque = 29714 N m By applying 2" condition of equilibrium; Anticlockwise torque = Clockwise torque Rex 8m= 29714Nm Re= 29714Nm/8mNow applying 1st condition of equilibrium; Upward forces = Downward forces Ra + Re = WL+ We By putting values; Ra+3714N = 2156N + 4410N Ra+3714N = 6566N Ra = 6566N-3714N