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Exercises Differential Geometry Sec5

This document discusses ordinary cusps as singular points on curves, reparametrizations of curves, and regularity conditions for certain curves. It provides exercises to show properties of curves like having an ordinary cusp, being a reparametrization of another curve, and conditions for a curve to be regular. The document also explores relationships between arc lengths of reparametrized curves and tangent/normal lines of regular plane curves.

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50 views

Exercises Differential Geometry Sec5

This document discusses ordinary cusps as singular points on curves, reparametrizations of curves, and regularity conditions for certain curves. It provides exercises to show properties of curves like having an ordinary cusp, being a reparametrization of another curve, and conditions for a curve to be regular. The document also explores relationships between arc lengths of reparametrized curves and tangent/normal lines of regular plane curves.

Uploaded by

amomtw
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.3.3 The simplest type of singular point of a curve γ is an ordinary cusp: a point p
of γ , corresponding to a parameter value t0 , say, is an ordinary cusp if γ̇γ (t0 ) = 0
...
and the vectors γ̈γ (t0 ) and γ (t0 ) are linearly independent (in particular, these
vectors must both be non-zero). Show that:
(i) the curve γ (t) = (tm , tn ), where m and n are positive integers, has an ordinary
cusp at the origin if and only if (m, n) = (2, 3) or (3, 2);
(ii) the cissoid in Exercise 1.3.2 has an ordinary cusp at the origin;
(iii) if γ has an ordinary cusp at a point p, so does any reparametrization of γ .
1.3.4 Show that:
(i) if γ̃γ is a reparametrization of a curve γ , then γ is a reparametrization of γ̃γ ;
(ii) if γ̃γ is a reparametrization of γ , and γ̂γ is a reparametrization of γ̃γ , then γ̂γ is
a reparametrization of γ .
1.3.5 Repeat Exercise 1.3.1 for the following curves:
(i) γ (t) = (t2 , t3 ), t ∈ R.
(ii) γ (t) = ((1 + cos t) cos t, (1 + cos t) sin t), −π < t < π.
1.3.6 Show that the curve
' (
2
γ (t) = 2t, , t > 0,
1 + t2

is regular and that it is a reparametrization of the curve


' (
2 cos t π π
γ̃γ (t) = , 1 + sin t , − <t< .
1 + sin t 2 2

1.3.7 The curve


γ (t) = (a sin ωt, b sin t),
where a, b and ω are non-zero constants, is called a Lissajous figure. Show that
γ is regular if and only if ω is not the quotient of two odd integers.
1.3.8 Let γ be a curve in Rn and let γ̃γ be a reparametrization of γ with reparametriza-
tion map φ (so that γ̃γ (t̃) = γ (φ(t̃))). Let t̃0 be a fixed value of t̃ and let t0 = φ(t̃0 ).
Let s and s̃ be the arc-lengths of γ and γ̃γ starting at the point γ (t0 ) = γ̃γ (t̃0 ).
Prove that s̃ = s if dφ/dt̃ > 0 for all t̃, and s̃ = −s if dφ/dt̃ < 0 for all t̃.
1.3.9 Suppose that all the tangent lines of a regular plane curve pass through some
fixed point. Prove that the curve is part of a straight line. Prove the same result
if all the normal lines are parallel.

1.4.1 Show that the Cayley sextic

γ (t) = (cos3 t cos 3t, cos3 t sin 3t), t ∈ R,

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