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Builder Pattern

The Builder pattern builds a complex object using simple objects via a step-by-step process. It creates objects through a builder interface instead of direct construction. The builder is independent of other classes. The example implements a Builder pattern to construct different meal orders (vegetarian and non-vegetarian) by combining food item objects like burgers and drinks using a MealBuilder class.

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Nourhane Ibrahim
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24 views

Builder Pattern

The Builder pattern builds a complex object using simple objects via a step-by-step process. It creates objects through a builder interface instead of direct construction. The builder is independent of other classes. The example implements a Builder pattern to construct different meal orders (vegetarian and non-vegetarian) by combining food item objects like burgers and drinks using a MealBuilder class.

Uploaded by

Nourhane Ibrahim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Design Patterns - Builder Pattern

Builder pattern builds a complex object using simple objects and


using a step by step approach. This type of design pattern comes
under creational pattern as this pattern provides one of the best
ways to create an object.

A Builder class builds the final object step by step. This builder is
independent of other objects.

Implementation
We have considered a business case of fast-food restaurant where a
typical meal could be a burger and a cold drink. Burger could be
either a Veg Burger or Chicken Burger and will be packed by a
wrapper. Cold drink could be either a coke or pepsi and will be
packed in a bottle.

We are going to create an Item interface representing food items


such as burgers and cold drinks and concrete classes implementing
the Item interface and a Packing interface representing packaging of
food items and concrete classes implementing the Packing interface
as burger would be packed in wrapper and cold drink would be
packed as bottle.

We then create a Meal class having ArrayList of Item and


a MealBuilder to build different types of Meal objects by
combining Item. BuilderPatternDemo, our demo class will
use MealBuilder to build a Meal.
Step 1
Create an interface Item representing food item and packing.

Item.java

public interface Item {


public String name();
public Packing packing();
public float price();
}

Packing.java

public interface Packing {


public String pack();
}

Step 2
Create concrete classes implementing the Packing interface.

Wrapper.java

public class Wrapper implements Packing {

@Override
public String pack() {
return "Wrapper";
}
}

Bottle.java

public class Bottle implements Packing {

@Override
public String pack() {
return "Bottle";
}
}

Step 3
Create abstract classes implementing the item interface providing
default functionalities.

Burger.java

public abstract class Burger implements Item {

@Override
public Packing packing() {
return new Wrapper();
}

@Override
public abstract float price();
}

ColdDrink.java
public abstract class ColdDrink implements Item {

@Override
public Packing packing() {
return new Bottle();
}

@Override
public abstract float price();
}

Step 4
Create concrete classes extending Burger and ColdDrink classes

VegBurger.java

public class VegBurger extends Burger {

@Override
public float price() {
return 25.0f;
}

@Override
public String name() {
return "Veg Burger";
}
}

ChickenBurger.java

public class ChickenBurger extends Burger {

@Override
public float price() {
return 50.5f;
}

@Override
public String name() {
return "Chicken Burger";
}
}

Coke.java

public class Coke extends ColdDrink {

@Override
public float price() {
return 30.0f;
}

@Override
public String name() {
return "Coke";
}
}

Pepsi.java

public class Pepsi extends ColdDrink {

@Override
public float price() {
return 35.0f;
}

@Override
public String name() {
return "Pepsi";
}
}

Step 5
Create a Meal class having Item objects defined above.

Meal.java
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class Meal {


private List<Item> items = new ArrayList<Item>();

public void addItem(Item item){


items.add(item);
}

public float getCost(){


float cost = 0.0f;

for (Item item : items) {


cost += item.price();
}
return cost;
}

public void showItems(){

for (Item item : items) {


System.out.print("Item : " + item.name());
System.out.print(", Packing : " +
item.packing().pack());
System.out.println(", Price : " + item.price());
}
}
}

Step 6
Create a MealBuilder class, the actual builder class responsible to
create Meal objects.

MealBuilder.java

public class MealBuilder {

public Meal prepareVegMeal (){


Meal meal = new Meal();
meal.addItem(new VegBurger());
meal.addItem(new Coke());
return meal;
}

public Meal prepareNonVegMeal (){


Meal meal = new Meal();
meal.addItem(new ChickenBurger());
meal.addItem(new Pepsi());
return meal;
}
}

Step 7
BuiderPatternDemo uses MealBuider to demonstrate builder pattern.

BuilderPatternDemo.java

public class BuilderPatternDemo {


public static void main(String[] args) {

MealBuilder mealBuilder = new MealBuilder();

Meal vegMeal = mealBuilder.prepareVegMeal();


System.out.println("Veg Meal");
vegMeal.showItems();
System.out.println("Total Cost: " +
vegMeal.getCost());

Meal nonVegMeal = mealBuilder.prepareNonVegMeal();


System.out.println("\n\nNon-Veg Meal");
nonVegMeal.showItems();
System.out.println("Total Cost: " +
nonVegMeal.getCost());
}
}

Step 8
Verify the output.
Veg Meal
Item : Veg Burger, Packing : Wrapper, Price : 25.0
Item : Coke, Packing : Bottle, Price : 30.0
Total Cost: 55.0

Non-Veg Meal
Item : Chicken Burger, Packing : Wrapper, Price : 50.5
Item : Pepsi, Packing : Bottle, Price : 35.0
Total Cost: 85.5

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