What is Cyber Security?

The technique of protecting internet-connected systems such as computers, servers,

mobile devices, electronic systems, networks, and data from malicious attacks is known
as cybersecurity. We can divide cybersecurity into two parts one is cyber, and the other
is security. Cyber refers to the technology that includes systems, networks, programs,
and data. And security is concerned with the protection of systems, networks,
applications, and information. In some cases, it is also called electronic information
security or information technology security.

Some other definitions of cybersecurity are:

"Cyber Security is the body of technologies, processes, and practices designed to protect
networks, devices, programs, and data from attack, theft, damage, modification or
unauthorized access."

"Cyber Security is the set of principles and practices designed to protect our computing
resources and online information against threats."

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Types of Cyber Security

Every organization's assets are the combinations of a variety of different systems. These
systems have a strong cybersecurity posture that requires coordinated efforts across all
of its systems. Therefore, we can categorize cybersecurity in the following sub-domains:

o Network Security: It involves implementing the hardware and software to secure

a computer network from unauthorized access, intruders, attacks, disruption, and
misuse. This security helps an organization to protect its assets against external
and internal threats.
o Application Security: It involves protecting the software and devices from
unwanted threats. This protection can be done by constantly updating the apps
to ensure they are secure from attacks. Successful security begins in the design
stage, writing source code, validation, threat modeling, etc., before a program or
device is deployed.
o Information or Data Security: It involves implementing a strong data storage
mechanism to maintain the integrity and privacy of data, both in storage and in
transit.
o Identity management: It deals with the procedure for determining the level of
access that each individual has within an organization.
o Operational Security: It involves processing and making decisions on handling
and securing data assets.
o Mobile Security: It involves securing the organizational and personal data stored
on mobile devices such as cell phones, computers, tablets, and other similar
devices against various malicious threats. These threats are unauthorized access,
device loss or theft, malware, etc.
o Cloud Security: It involves in protecting the information stored in the digital
environment or cloud architectures for the organization. It uses various cloud
service providers such as AWS, Azure, Google, etc., to ensure security against
multiple threats.
 o Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity Planning: It deals with the
processes, monitoring, alerts, and plans to how an organization responds when
any malicious activity is causing the loss of operations or data. Its policies dictate
resuming the lost operations after any disaster happens to the same operating
capacity as before the event.
o User Education: It deals with the processes, monitoring, alerts, and plans to how
an organization responds when any malicious activity is causing the loss of
operations or data. Its policies dictate resuming the lost operations after any
disaster happens to the same operating capacity as before the event.

Importance of Cyber Security

Today we live in a digital era where all aspects of our lives depend on the network,
computer and other electronic devices, and software applications. All critical
infrastructure such as the banking system, healthcare, financial institutions,
governments, and manufacturing industries use devices connected to the Internet as a
core part of their operations. Some of their information, such as intellectual property,
financial data, and personal data, can be sensitive for unauthorized access or exposure
that could have negative consequences. This information gives intruders and threat
actors to infiltrate them for financial gain, extortion, political or social motives, or just
vandalism.

Cyber-attack is now an international concern that hacks the system, and other security
attacks could endanger the global economy. Therefore, it is essential to have an
excellent cybersecurity strategy to protect sensitive information from high-profile
security breaches. Furthermore, as the volume of cyber-attacks grows, companies and
organizations, especially those that deal with information related to national security,
health, or financial records, need to use strong cybersecurity measures and processes to
protect their sensitive business and personal information.

Cyber Security Goals

Cyber Security's main objective is to ensure data protection. The security community
provides a triangle of three related principles to protect the data from cyber-attacks.
This principle is called the CIA triad. The CIA model is designed to guide policies for an
organization's information security infrastructure. When any security breaches are
found, one or more of these principles has been violated.

We can break the CIA model into three parts: Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability.
It is actually a security model that helps people to think about various parts of IT
security. Let us discuss each part in detail.
Confidentiality

Confidentiality is equivalent to privacy that avoids unauthorized access of information. It

involves ensuring the data is accessible by those who are allowed to use it and blocking
access to others. It prevents essential information from reaching the wrong people. Data
encryption is an excellent example of ensuring confidentiality.

Integrity

This principle ensures that the data is authentic, accurate, and safeguarded from
unauthorized modification by threat actors or accidental user modification. If any
modifications occur, certain measures should be taken to protect the sensitive data from
corruption or loss and speedily recover from such an event. In addition, it indicates to
make the source of information genuine.

Availability

This principle makes the information to be available and useful for its authorized people
always. It ensures that these accesses are not hindered by system malfunction or cyber-
attacks.

Types of Cyber Security Threats

A threat in cybersecurity is a malicious activity by an individual or organization to
corrupt or steal data, gain access to a network, or disrupts digital life in general. The
cyber community defines the following threats available today:
Malware
Malware means malicious software, which is the most common cyber attacking tool. It is
used by the cybercriminal or hacker to disrupt or damage a legitimate user's system.
The following are the important types of malware created by the hacker:

o Virus: It is a malicious piece of code that spreads from one device to another. It
can clean files and spreads throughout a computer system, infecting files, stoles
information, or damage device.
o Spyware: It is a software that secretly records information about user activities on
their system. For example, spyware could capture credit card details that can be
used by the cybercriminals for unauthorized shopping, money withdrawing, etc.
o Trojans: It is a type of malware or code that appears as legitimate software or file
to fool us into downloading and running. Its primary purpose is to corrupt or
steal data from our device or do other harmful activities on our network.
o Ransomware: It's a piece of software that encrypts a user's files and data on a
device, rendering them unusable or erasing. Then, a monetary ransom is
demanded by malicious actors for decryption.
o Worms: It is a piece of software that spreads copies of itself from device to
device without human interaction. It does not require them to attach themselves
to any program to steal or damage the data.
o Adware: It is an advertising software used to spread malware and displays
advertisements on our device. It is an unwanted program that is installed without
the user's permission. The main objective of this program is to generate revenue
for its developer by showing the ads on their browser.
 o Botnets: It is a collection of internet-connected malware-infected devices that
allow cybercriminals to control them. It enables cybercriminals to get credentials
leaks, unauthorized access, and data theft without the user's permission.

Phishing
Phishing is a type of cybercrime in which a sender seems to come from a genuine
organization like PayPal, eBay, financial institutions, or friends and co-workers. They
contact a target or targets via email, phone, or text message with a link to persuade
them to click on that links. This link will redirect them to fraudulent websites to provide
sensitive data such as personal information, banking and credit card information, social
security numbers, usernames, and passwords. Clicking on the link will also install
malware on the target devices that allow hackers to control devices remotely.

Man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack

A man-in-the-middle attack is a type of cyber threat (a form of eavesdropping attack) in
which a cybercriminal intercepts a conversation or data transfer between two
individuals. Once the cybercriminal places themselves in the middle of a two-party
communication, they seem like genuine participants and can get sensitive information
and return different responses. The main objective of this type of attack is to gain access
to our business or customer data. For example, a cybercriminal could intercept data
passing between the target device and the network on an unprotected Wi-Fi network.

Distributed denial of service (DDoS)

It is a type of cyber threat or malicious attempt where cybercriminals disrupt targeted
servers, services, or network's regular traffic by fulfilling legitimate requests to the target
or its surrounding infrastructure with Internet traffic. Here the requests come from
several IP addresses that can make the system unusable, overload their servers, slowing
down significantly or temporarily taking them offline, or preventing an organization
from carrying out its vital functions.

Brute Force
A brute force attack is a cryptographic hack that uses a trial-and-error method to
guess all possible combinations until the correct information is discovered.
Cybercriminals usually use this attack to obtain personal information about targeted
passwords, login info, encryption keys, and Personal Identification Numbers (PINS).

SQL Injection (SQLI)

SQL injection is a common attack that occurs when cybercriminals use malicious SQL
scripts for backend database manipulation to access sensitive information. Once the
attack is successful, the malicious actor can view, change, or delete sensitive company
data, user lists, or private customer details stored in the SQL database.

Domain Name System (DNS) attack

A DNS attack is a type of cyberattack in which cyber criminals take advantage of flaws in
the Domain Name System to redirect site users to malicious websites (DNS hijacking)
and steal data from affected computers. It is a severe cybersecurity risk because the DNS
system is an essential element of the internet infrastructure.

Latest Cyber Threats

The following are the latest cyber threats reported by the U.K., U.S., and Australian
governments:

Romance Scams
The U.S. government found this cyber threat in February 2020. Cybercriminals used this
threat through dating sites, chat rooms, and apps. They attack people who are seeking a
new partner and duping them into giving away personal data.

Dridex Malware
It is a type of financial Trojan malware identifies by the U.S. in December 2019 that
affects the public, government, infrastructure, and business worldwide. It infects
computers through phishing emails or existing malware to steal sensitive information
such as passwords, banking details, and personal data for fraudulent transactions. The
National Cyber Security Centre of the United Kingdom encourages people to make sure
their devices are patched, anti-virus is turned on and up to date, and files are backed up
to protect sensitive data against this attack.

Emotet Malware
Emotet is a type of cyber-attack that steals sensitive data and also installs other malware
on our device. The Australian Cyber Security Centre warned national organizations
about this global cyber threat in 2019.

The following are the system that can be affected by security breaches and
attacks:

o Communication: Cyber attackers can use phone calls, emails, text messages, and
messaging apps for cyberattacks.
 o Finance: This system deals with the risk of financial information like bank and
credit card detail. This information is naturally a primary target for cyber
attackers.
o Governments: The cybercriminal generally targets the government institutions to
get confidential public data or private citizen information.
o Transportation: In this system, cybercriminals generally target connected cars,
traffic control systems, and smart road infrastructure.
o Healthcare: A cybercriminal targets the healthcare system to get the information
stored at a local clinic to critical care systems at a national hospital.
o Education: A cybercriminals target educational institutions to get their
confidential research data and information of students and employees.

Benefits of Cyber Security

The following are the benefits of implementing and maintaining cybersecurity:

o Cyberattacks and data breach protection for businesses.

o Data and network security are both protected.
o Unauthorized user access is avoided.
o After a breach, there is a faster recovery time.
o End-user and endpoint device protection.
o Regulatory adherence.
o Continuity of operations.
o Developers, partners, consumers, stakeholders, and workers have more faith in
the company's reputation and trust.

Cyber Safety Tips

Let us see how to protect ourselves when any cyberattacks happen. The following are
the popular cyber safety tips:

Conduct cybersecurity training and awareness: Every organization must train their
staffs on cybersecurity, company policies, and incident reporting for a strong
cybersecurity policy to be successful. If the staff does unintentional or intentional
malicious activities, it may fail the best technical safeguards that result in an expensive
security breach. Therefore, it is useful to conduct security training and awareness for
staff through seminars, classes, and online courses that reduce security violations.
Update software and operating system: The most popular safety measure is to update
the software and O.S. to get the benefit of the latest security patches.

Use anti-virus software: It is also useful to use the anti-virus software that will detect
and removes unwanted threats from your device. This software is always updated to get
the best level of protection.

Perform periodic security reviews: Every organization ensures periodic security

inspections of all software and networks to identify security risks early in a secure
environment. Some popular examples of security reviews are application and network
penetration testing, source code reviews, architecture design reviews, and red team
assessments. In addition, organizations should prioritize and mitigate security
vulnerabilities as quickly as possible after they are discovered.

Use strong passwords: It is recommended to always use long and various combinations
of characters and symbols in the password. It makes the passwords are not easily
guessable.

Do not open email attachments from unknown senders: The cyber expert always
advises not to open or click the email attachment getting from unverified senders or
unfamiliar websites because it could be infected with malware.

Avoid using unsecured Wi-Fi networks in public places: It should also be advised not
to use insecure networks because they can leave you vulnerable to man-in-the-middle
attacks.

Backup data: Every organization must periodically take backup of their data to ensure
all sensitive data is not lost or recovered after a security breach. In addition, backups can
help maintain data integrity in cyber-attack such as SQL injections, phishing, and
ransomware.