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Cable TV

Cable TV involves transmitting television programs via coaxial cables or fiber optic cables located in subscribers' premises. TV networks beam shows via satellites to cable operators, who install control centers to aggregate channels from different satellites. Subscribers access cable TV by subscribing to a cable company and connecting to the network via coaxial cable. Cable TV provided more channels than terrestrial TV and was not limited by line of sight constraints. The introduction of private satellite channels in India in the 1990s increased cable TV's popularity by providing content not available on public broadcaster DD. The Supreme Court ruled in 1995 that airwaves are public property and citizens have a right to receive broadcast information, opening the door for private broadcasters. Cable TV networks are now digitizing

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235 views25 pages

Cable TV

Cable TV involves transmitting television programs via coaxial cables or fiber optic cables located in subscribers' premises. TV networks beam shows via satellites to cable operators, who install control centers to aggregate channels from different satellites. Subscribers access cable TV by subscribing to a cable company and connecting to the network via coaxial cable. Cable TV provided more channels than terrestrial TV and was not limited by line of sight constraints. The introduction of private satellite channels in India in the 1990s increased cable TV's popularity by providing content not available on public broadcaster DD. The Supreme Court ruled in 1995 that airwaves are public property and citizens have a right to receive broadcast information, opening the door for private broadcasters. Cable TV networks are now digitizing

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viammarshakulsum
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Cable TV

television programs via coaxial cables or through optical fibre cable


located in the subscribers’ premises
Cable TV
► a method of providing consumers with access to television
programs
► coaxial cables or through optical fibre cable located in the subscribers’
premises
► TV Network companies beam their TV shows via satellites.
► Cable operators (or multi-system operators (MSO))
► install head-ends (control centres for a cable network) for aggregation of TV
channels received from different satellites.
► Content
► Broadband connections, local channels, satellite etc
► Network
► Underground or Poles
Accessing C TV

► Subscribe – cable company


► Simple Coaxial cable
History

► 1950s
► Four TV – terrestrial networks in US
► Clear line of sight
► Hilly regions
► 1948 - Pennsylvania's hilly
► Antennas on hilly - cables to houses
Cable TV and Terrestrial TV

► Terrestrial TV vs Cable
► Less number of channels – terrestrial
► Higher number of channels – cable tv – satellite, local, etc
► Terrestrial – line of sight
► Cable – no issue of line of sight
Coaxial Cable

► Signals – both the direction


► Large amount of data
► Bandwidth – other services
Cable TV - India

► Mid 80’s
► Large antennas on the roofs. Rs. 500/- was charged
for installation charges.
► Pirated films were broadcast through these cables and
slowly people shifted to cable networks.
► Advent of private satellite channels in 1991, the signals
were transferred through these cable networks which made
it more popular among the Indian audience till the
development of DTH and Conditional Access System.
Cable TV

► In 1989, in a landmark judgment, Justice Sujata


Manohar of the Mumbai High Court maintained
that broadcast via cable was public viewing and
that cable operators needed a copyright to show
films.
► By 1990 there were 3500 cable operators in
Mumbai.
Cable TV and Private Channels

► After the advent of private satellite channels in 1991, the


signals were transferred through these cable networks
which made it more popular among the Indian audience
till the development of DTH and Conditional Access
System.
► 1990’s private channels were introduced in India and this
put a break to monopoly of DD.
Cable TV and Private channels

► 1990- Li Ka Shing- a Hong Kong


businessman bought Asiasat1, a private
satellite over the Indian ocean.
► The first satellite channel- STAR (Satellite
Television Asian Region) Plus was
telecasted to China and India in the year
1991.
Cable and Satellite

► 1991- Gulf war further stimulated the growth of


satellite television. Five star hotels in Mumbai
bought dish antennas and watch live.

► Soon cable operator took satellite broadcasting .


MTV, BBC was aired through the cable networks.
Cable TV in India : 1990-1995

► Gulf War
► CNN – Gulf War Coverage – Demand for Satellite TV
► Affordability
► Operators – relaying CNN
► Launch of Star TV and Zee TV
► 1992 – 4000 homes – cabled daily 9000 homes
► 1992 – 412,000 urban households to 1.2 millions
Zee TV

► Oct2, 1992- Zee TV the first Indian satellite channel


launched.
Subhash Chandra

► It began three hour broadcasting largely film based


contents.
► This was what Indian audience waiting for.
Zee Entertainment

► ZEE is there in 173 countries now.

► 9 different languages.

► Connect with and entertain over 1.3 billion people everyday.

► A Global Media and Entertainment conglomerate with a presence across


television broadcasting, movies, music, live entertainment and digital
businesses.

► 19.7% Network Share


Supreme Court Judgement on Airwaves

► Operative part of the Supreme Court judgement delivered by Justice P.B.


Sawant and Justice S. Mohan on 9.2.1995 in the case between the Union of
India & Cricket Association of Bengal.

► By rejecting state monopoly on airwaves, Supreme Court opens door for


private broadcasters
► The airwaves or frequencies are a public
property. Their use has to be controlled and
regulated by a public authority in the interests of
the public and to prevent the invasion of their
rights.
► The Supreme Court has held that airwaves are
public property and, therefore, an independent
public authority must regulate their use.

► The court has also held that an Indian citizen has


the fundamental right to impart as well as receive
information, and must have access to
broadcasting for the purpose.
TRAI

► The entry of private service providers brought


with it the inevitable need for independent
regulation.

► The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India


(TRAI) was, thus, established with effect from
20th February 1997 by an Act of Parliament.
Kargil War - Review

► “It was perhaps always so in some measure but


never as much as today: wars involve entire
people, not just armies. The battle is everywhere
and not only on a given “front”. The
communications revolution has annihilated time
and space and, as we know, the Kargil action,
from booming guns to the last rites of the fallen,
entered the lives of millions of television viewers
as a household experience”.
Cable TV : Present Status

► 2012 – TAM Annual Universal Update


► 148 million households
► 126 million – cable tv

► 2019 – reduced – 83 million


► 2018 – 91 million

► Rising satellite television


► Digital video – access
► Cost of Cable TV
Business model – Cable TV

► Advertising
► Subscription

► Free to Air
► Rely on ads revenue
► Pay TV
► Dual source
► Subscription and advertisement
Cable TV: Digitisation

► Ordinance – Govt. of India


► Digitization of cable services
► Ministry of Information and Broadcasting
► Empower consumers – increased number of channels and high-quality
► TV Broadcasters
► Monitor their subscriber base and control the flow of revenuers
► Middlemen
► Advertisers – target campaigns

► Digitization and Addressability


Digitisation
► process of providing cable television signals in digital rather than the
analogue mode.
► requires television signals to be routed through a digital Set-Top Box
to the television.
► system used to control the distribution of digital television signals is
called a Conditional Access System or CAS.
► digital format provides better picture quality & sound and other
benefits leading to better quality service.
► better picture & sound clarity, enhanced services such as HD & Video on
Demand (VOD)
► A range of Interactive services and the freedom to choose from a bouquet
of channels & pay only for those selected.
► Consumers will enjoy the digital picture and sound quality, enhanced
services such as high definition and video-on-demand content.
Phases of Digitalisation

► October 31, 2012; first phase of digitization


► four metros – Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai.
► March 31, 2013; second phase, 38 cities were covered with
a population of more than one million.
► December 31, 2015; About 630 districts and 7709 urban
areas were covered in DAS Phase III aimed at all urban
areas
► Fourth phase by 31 March 2017; covered the rest of the
country.

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