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Continuity Equation PDF

The document discusses the continuity equation in fluid dynamics. It defines the continuity equation as stating that the product of a pipe's cross-sectional area and the fluid velocity at any point is constant. It then provides the mathematical form of the continuity equation and lists assumptions like steady, incompressible flow. Real-world examples given include using a section of river as the control volume or inflating a balloon.

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Rahul Yadav
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606 views5 pages

Continuity Equation PDF

The document discusses the continuity equation in fluid dynamics. It defines the continuity equation as stating that the product of a pipe's cross-sectional area and the fluid velocity at any point is constant. It then provides the mathematical form of the continuity equation and lists assumptions like steady, incompressible flow. Real-world examples given include using a section of river as the control volume or inflating a balloon.

Uploaded by

Rahul Yadav
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Continuity Equation

• The continuity equation is defined as the product of cross-


sectional area of the pipe and the velocity of the fluid at any given
point along the pipe is constant.
Continuity Equation Derivation
• Continuity equation represents that the product of cross-sectional
area of the pipe and the fluid speed at any point along the pipe is
always constant. This product is equal to the volume flow per
second or simply the flow rate. The continuity equation is given as:
• R = A v = constant
• Where,
• R is the volume flow rate
• A is the flow area
• v is the flow velocity
Assumption of Continuity Equation
Following are the assumptions of continuity equation:
• The tube is having a single entry and single exit
• The fluid flowing in the tube is non-viscous
• The flow is incompressible
• The fluid flow is steady
• ρ1A1v1 = ρ2A2v2
OR

A1 v1 = A2 v2
OR

This equation can be written in general form as:


• A v = constant
Real-world examples of the equation of
continuity in fluid dynamics?
• There are many real-world scenarios of the continuity equation in fluid
dynamics. The continuity equation applies to a defined control volume. So
as long as we define our control volume, we can have an example of
continuity equation application. A Control volume is a defined space for
analysis. The continuity equation is an expression of the mass
conservation in the control volume. This implies that the rate of change of
the mass of fluid the control volume is equal to the difference of mass
flow rate going in minus the mass flow rate going out. Control volumes can
be fixed, moving or even deformables.
• For instance we can choose a section of a river, if the amount of water
coming into that section is the same as the amount of water leaving, the
rate of change is zero, there is no water accumulation.
• Another example is inflating a balloon, there is air going inside, but no air
going out, so the rate of change of the amount of air in the balloon
deformable control volume is equal to the mass flow rate of air coming in.
discussion
Continuity Equation is a modified version of Law
of Conservation. It can be extended to mass,
momentum, energy etc.
• Example , Pour a Mug of water into a bucket
completely filled with water whatever you
pour = water stored in bucket + Overflow.
• Similar example can be extended to Carnot
engine. Heat energy from fuel = Work
generated + Heat waste into sink.

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