UNIVERSITI ISLAM ANTARABANGSA

SULTAN ABDUL HALIM MUA’ADZAM SHAH

(UniSHAMS)

ITI1013 SYSTEM DESIGN & ANALYSIS

ASSIGNMENT 1

PREPARED BY:
MUHAMMAD IRSHAD BIN AZIZAN
M222031208

PREPARED FOR:
DR. NORZAILA BINTI MOHD NOR

DATE OF SUBMISSION:
6 OCTOBER 2022
CLO1: Explain the system development life cycle

Answer all questions. Students are encouraged to check with the rubric provided
in order to gain high marks.

Question 1. What is SDLC? Explain in brief with the help of a diagram.

SDLC or System Development Life Cycle is a structured analysis-oriented process for planning,
analyzing, designing, implementing, and supporting an information system, and sometimes
called as application development life cycle. It is also a process that produces software with
the highest quality and lowest cost in the shortest time possible.

The SDLC model commonly consist of five steps which is:

System Planning

System Analysis
System Support

System Implementation System Design

Step 1: System Planning – begins with a system request to the IT department, performing a
preliminary investigation to evaluate IT-related business opportunity or problems which
includes a feasibility study about the cost and benefits about that on that system request.

Step 2: System Analysis – This phase purpose is to build a logical model of the new system
by doing a requirement modelling step where the analyst investigate what a new model
system do to satisfy users and develop the system requirements document.

Step 3: System Design – The third phase is to create a physical model that will satisfy all
documented requirement for the system and will be shown as the system design specification.

Step 4: System Implementation – During this phase, the new system is constructed using the
structed analysis or object-oriented methods, based on the proposed system design where
the program will be written, tested, and documented, and the system is installed. A system
evaluation also be made, to determine if the system operates properly and if benefits and cost
are within expectation.

Step 5: System Support – Finally, the system support phase where the IT staff maintains the
system from any error, enhances it with any upgrades and new features and protects the
system from external and internal threats.

Question 2. What is the purpose of system analysis? Why is it important?

The purpose of system analysis is a process of collecting, interpreting facts, identifying the
problems, and decomposition of a system into its components. It is conducted for the purpose
of studying a system or its parts to identify its objectives by doing fact-finding using several
techniques such as interviews, surveys, document review and observation.

The importance of system analysis is to evaluate particular business situations and develop
ways to improve the IT system through more optimal methods in order to satisfy the user
request, by reducing operational cost of the system, adding more information gathering,
better performance of the system, improving the service, adding more support and
maintenance thus increasing its reliability and stronger controls for better security.

Question 3. Why is SDLC important in the development of an Information System?

SDLC or System Development Life Cycle is important in the development of an Information

System based on several reason.

First, SDLC is important to help shape the project by compartmentalizing and breaking down
robust tasks, into smaller, more manageable tasks that are easier to measure and achieve
and the project can be managed in a more streamlined fashion, thus making development of
a new system easier.

Second, it is also helps to transform an idea project into a fully pledged, functional, and fully
operational system by covering both the technical and operational aspects of building software,
encompassing activities such as process and procedure development, user experience, and
policy development.

Third, SDLC process is important to plan ahead of time and analyze the structed phases and
goals of a specific project, so it becomes easier to tackle, delegate and address.
Lastly, it provides control of the development process to some extent and ensures that the
software system complies with all the estimated requirements.

Question 4. Explain the four‐phase approach of the SDLC.

Phase 1:

Planning

Phase 4: Phase 2:

Implementation Analysis

Phase 3:

Design

The four-phase approach of the SDLC is combination of four phase which is:

a. Phase 1- Planning – The first phase where the project is initiated, about how the
system project contributed to success of the organisation. The system request will be
prepared, and a preliminary feasibility analysis will be performed. This phase also is to
set up the project by defining the project plan, including the work plan, and staffing
plan.
b. Phase 2- Analysis- In this phase, the system analyst will do a requirement modelling
process. First, determine its analysis strategy by studying existing system and its
problems. Second, collecting and analyze requirement using fact-finding techniques
such as interviews. Lastly a system proposal will prepare and presented based on that
requirement.
c. Phase 3- Design- The third phase is to create a physical model that will satisfy all
documented requirements for the system. The user interface is designed, and
necessary output, inputs, and process are identified. The internal and external control
also designed, including features, that is computer based or manual based to
guarantees the system will be reliable, accurate, maintainable and secure. All this
process will be translated into a system design specification, that is presented to the
management and users for review and approval.
 d. Phase 4- Implementation – The final phase where is the system is built or purchased.
The program is written, tested, and documented and the new system is installed while
the old system is turn off or will be use along the new system, and the training will be
held on the new user. The on-going support plan, or maintenance plan will be
developed to ensure the longevity of the system.

Question 5. Explain the nine‐phase approach of the SDLC (or the 10 phase SDLC).

The ten-phase approach of the SDLC is the combination of ten phases which is:

a. Phase 1-Initiation Phase

The initiation of a system (or project) begins when a business need or opportunity is
identified. A Project Manager should be appointed to manage the project. This business
need is documented in a Concept Proposal. After the Concept Proposal is approved,
the System Concept Development Phase begins.
b. Phase 2- System Concept Development Phase
Once a business need is approved, the approaches for accomplishing the concept are
reviewed for feasibility and appropriateness. The scope of the system will be identified
and requires a high-ranking officer approval and funding before beginning the Planning
Phase.
c. Phase 3- Planning Phase
The concept is further developed to describe how the business will operate once the
approved system is implemented, and to assess how the system will impact employee
and customer privacy. To ensure the products and /or services provide the required
capability on-time and within budget, project resources, activities, schedules, tools,
and reviews are defined. Additionally, security certification and accreditation activities
begin with the identification of system security requirements and the completion of a
high-level vulnerability assessment.
d. Phase 4- Requirements Analysis Phase
Functional user requirements are formally defined and delineate the requirements in
terms of data, system performance, security, and maintainability requirements for the
system. All requirements are defined to a level of detail sufficient for systems design
to proceed. All requirements need to be measurable and testable and relate to the
business need or opportunity identified in the Initiation Phase.
e. Phase 5- Design Phase
 The physical characteristics of the system are designed during this phase. The
operating environment is established, major subsystems and their inputs and outputs
are defined, and processes are allocated to resources. Everything requiring user input
or approval must be documented and reviewed by the user. The physical
characteristics of the system are specified, and a detailed design is prepared.
Subsystems identified during design are used to create a detailed structure of the
system. Each subsystem is partitioned into one or more design units or modules.
Detailed logic specifications are prepared for each software module.
f. Phase 6- Development Phase
The detailed specifications produced during the design phase are translated into
hardware, communications, and executable software. Software shall be unit tested,
integrated, and retested in a systematic manner. Hardware is assembled and tested.
g. Phase 7- Integration and Test Phase
The various components of the system are integrated and systematically tested. The
user tests the system to ensure that the functional requirements, as defined in the
functional requirements document, are satisfied by the developed or modified system.
h. Phase 8- Implementation Phase
The system or system modifications are installed and made operational in a production
environment. The phase is initiated after the system has been tested and accepted by
the user. This phase continues until the system is operating in production in
accordance with the defined user requirements.
i. Phase 9- Operations and Maintenance Phase
The system operation is ongoing. The system is monitored for continued performance
in accordance with user requirements and needed system modifications are
incorporated. When modifications or changes are identified as necessary, the system
may re-enter the planning phase.
j. Phase 10-Disposition Phase
The disposition activities ensure the orderly termination of the system and preserve
the vital information about the system so that some or all of the information may be
reactivated in the future if necessary. Proper preservation of the data processed by
the system is needed, so that the data is effectively migrated to another system or
archived in accordance with applicable records management regulations and policies,
for potential future access.