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Statistics & Probabilities

The document contains several statistics and probability problems with solutions. It covers topics like factorial expressions, probability, median, mode, mean, permutations, combinations, mutually exclusive events and more. The problems are presented with the concepts explained in the preamble and questions with answered provided.

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thesonofthewarrior123
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57 views6 pages

Statistics & Probabilities

The document contains several statistics and probability problems with solutions. It covers topics like factorial expressions, probability, median, mode, mean, permutations, combinations, mutually exclusive events and more. The problems are presented with the concepts explained in the preamble and questions with answered provided.

Uploaded by

thesonofthewarrior123
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STATISTICS &PROBABILITY 1&2

PREAMBLE: Express the product in factorial form

1. 5 x 4 x 3
ANSWER: 5!/2!

2. 6 x 5 x 4
ANSWER: 6!/3!

3. 10 x 9 x 8 x 7
ANSWER: 10!/6!

PREAMBLE: A fair die is thrown once. Find the probability of obtaining


4. A prime number
ANSWER: ½ [ S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, A = {2, 3, 5}, P(A) = 3/6 = ½ ]
5. An odd prime
ANSWER: 1/3 [S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, B = {1, 3, 5} P(B) = 3/6 = ½ ]
6. A prime number less than 5
ANSWER: 1/3 [S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, C = {2, 3} P(C) = 2/6 = 1/3]
PREAMBLE: A and B are events in a sample space S

1. If P(A) = 0.5, P(B) = 0.7 and P ( A ∩B )=0.3. Find P( A ∪ B)


ANSWER: 0.9 [ P ( A ∪ B )=0.5+0.7−0.3=0.9]
2. If P(A) = 0.7, P ( A ∪ B )=0.9∧P ( A ∩ B )=0.5 . Find P(B)
ANSWER: 0.7 [ P ( B )=0.9+0.5−0.7=1.4−0.7=0.7]
3. If P(A) = 0.8, P(B) = 0.6 and P( A ∪ B) = 0.9. Find P( A ∩ B)
ANSWER: 0.5 [ P ( A ∩B )=0.8+0.6−0.9=1.4−0.9=0.5]
PREAMBLE: A pair of fair dice are thrown. Find the probability of obtaining a total score
of:

1. 5
ANSWER: 1/9 [ A = {(1, 4), (4, 1), (2, 3), (3, 2)} P(A) = 4/36 = 1/9]

2. 11
ANSWER: 1/18 [ B = {(5, 6), (6, 5)}, P(B) = 2/36 = 1/18]

3. 8
ANSWER: 5/36 [ C = {(2, 6), (6, 2), (3, 5), (5, 3), (4, 4)}, P(C ) = 5/36]
PREAMBLE: A fair coin is tossed twice. Find the probability of obtaining
1. Exactly one head
1 2 1
ANSWER: [ A={ HT ,TH } , P ( A )= = ]
2 4 2
2. Two heads
1 1
ANSWER: [ B= { HH } , P ( B )= ]
4 4
3. Two tails
1
ANSWER:
4
PREAMBLE: A box contains 2 black, 3red and 4 white marbles identical except for colour.
2 marbles are drawn from the box without replacement. Find the probability that:

1. both marbles are black.


ANSWER: 1/36 [ 2/9 x 1/8 = 1/9 x ¼ = 1/36]

2. both marbles are red.


ANSWER: 1/12 [ 3/9 x 2/8 = 1/3 x ¼ = 1/12]

3. none of the marbles is red or black.


ANSWER: 1/6 [ 4/9 x 3/8 = 1/3 x ½ = 1/6 both are white]
PROBALITY
A number is chosen from the set of numbers S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}. Find the
probability

1. The number is even

ANSWER: 4/9 [ A = {2, 4, 6, 8}, P(A) = n(A)/n(S) = 4/9 ]

2. The number is a prime number

ANSWER: 4/9 [ B = {2, 3, 5, 7} , P(B) = n(B) /n(S) = 4 /9 ]

3. The number is odd and greater than 4

ANSWER: 3/9 or 1/3 [ C = {5, 7, 9}, P(C ) = n(C


3 Find the probability of getting a sum of 5 when a pair of fair dice is rolled?
ANSWER: 1/9 [ A = {(1, 4), (4, 1), (2, 3), (3, 2)}, P(A) = 4/36 = 1/9]

A bowl contains 10 balls of which 3 are black and 7 white. The balls are identical except
for colour. Two balls are randomly drawn from the bowl without replacement. Find the
probability that

1. both balls are white


ANSWER: 7 / 15 [(7/10)(6/9) = (7/10)(2/3) =14/30 = 7/15 ]

2. both balls are black


ANSWER: 1/15 [(3/10)(2/9) = 1/15

3. the first ball is white and the second black


ANSWER: 7/30 [ (7/10)(3/9) = 21/90 = 7/30 ]

PREAMBLE: Two fair dice are thrown. Find the probability:

1. the total score is 10


ANSWER: 1/12 [ A = {(4, 6), (6, 4) , (5, 5) P(A) = 3/36 = 1/12]

2. the total score is less than 5


ANSWER: 1/6 [ B ={ (1, 1), (1, 2). (2. 1), (2, 2), (1, 3), (3, 1)} P(B) = 6/36 =
1/6]

3. the total score exceeds 10


ANSWER: 1/12 [ C = {(5, 6), (6, 5), (6, 6)}, P(C ) = 3/36 = 1/12]
PREAMBLE: A fair coin is tossed three times. Find the probability of obtaining:

1. at least two heads.


ANSWER: 1/2 [ A = {HHT, THH, HTH, HHH} P(A) = 4/8 = ½]

2. at most two heads.


ANSWER: 7/8 [B = {TTT, HTT, THT, TTH, HHT, THH, HTH} P(B) =
7/8]

3. one head or two heads.


ANSWER: 3/4 [C = {HTT, THT, TTH, HHT, HTH, THH}, P(C ) = 6/8 =
¾]
A number is chosen from the set of numbers S = {11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19}.
Find the probability
1. the number is even
ANSWER: 4/9 [ A = {12, 14, 16, 18}, P(A) = n(A)/n(S) = 4/9 ]
2. the number is a prime number
ANSWER: 4/9 [ B = {11, 13, 17, 19} , P(B) = n(B) /n(S) = 4 /9 ]
3. the number is odd and less than 17
ANSWER: 3/9 or 1/3 [ C = {11, 13, 15}, P(C ) = n(C ) /n(S) = 3/9 = 1/3
PREAMBLE: Find the number of arrangements of n different books on a shelf given that:

1. n = 5
ANSWER: 120 [ 5! = 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 = 120]

2. n = 4
ANSWER: 24 [ 4! = 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 = 24]

3. n = 6
ANSWER: 720 [ 6! = 6 x 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 = 6(120) = 720]
PREAMBLE: Evaluate:

1. 100!/98!
ANSWER: 9,900 [100 x 99 = 9900]

2. 25!/23!
ANSWER: 600 [25 x 24 = 600]

3. 1000!/998!
ANSWER: 999,000 [1000 x 999 = 999,000]
PREAMBLE: Find the number of outcomes when

4. a die is tossed twice


ANSWER: 36 [ 6 x 6 = 36]

5. a coin is tossed thrice


ANSWER: 8 [ 2 x 2 x 2 = 8]

6. a die and a coin are tossed once


ANSWER: 12 [ 6 x 2 = 12]
PREAMBLE: Evaluate:
7. 100!/98!
ANSWER: 9,900 [100 x 99 = 9900]

8. 25!/23!
ANSWER: 600 [25 x 24 = 600]

9. 1000!/998!
ANSWER: 999,000 [1000 x 999 = 999,000]
PREAMBLE: A and B are mutually exclusive events such that P(A) = 0.5 and P(B) = 0.3.
Find:

1. P(AUB)
ANSWER: 0.8 [P(AUB) = P(A) + P(B) = 0.5 + 0.3 = 0.8]

2. P(A∩B)
ANSWER: 0 [A and B are mutually exclusive]

3. P(A|B)
ANSWER: 0 [ P(A|B) = P(A∩B)/P(B) = 0/0.3 = 0]
PREAMBLE: Given the measurements 2, 0, 4, 8, 0, 4, 2, 8 find

1. the median
ANSWER: 3 [0, 0, 2, 2, 4, 4, 8, 8 median = (2 +4)/2 = 3]

2. the mode
ANSWER: 0, 2, 4, 8

3. the mean
ANSWER: 7/2 [(2 + 2 + 4 + 4 + 8 + 8)/8 = 28/8 = 7/2]
PREAMBLE: Evaluate the numerical expression

1. (10 permutation 2)
ANSWER: 90 [10!/8! = 10 x 9 = 90]

2. (6 permutation 3)
ANSWER: 120 [6!/3! = 6 x 5 x 4 = 120]

3. (7 permutation 3)
ANSWER: 210 [7!/4! = 7 x 6 x 5 = 7 x 30 = 210]
PREAMBLE: A bag contains 4 red, 3 white and 5 black balls. A ball is drawn at random from the bag.
Find the probability the ball is

1. either red or white


ANSWER: 7/12 [P(R or W) = (3 + 4)/12 = 7/12]

2. not white
ANSWER: 3/4 [P(not W) = 1 - P(W) = 1 – 3/12 = 1 – ¼ = ¾]

3. neither black nor white


4. ANSWER: 1/3 [P(neither B nor W) = P(R) = 4/12 = 1/3]

: Find the median and the mode of the set of numbers.

1. 13, 17, 15, 18, 17, 19, 12


ANSWER: MEDIAN = 17, MODE = 17 [12, 13, 15, 17, 17, 18, 19]

2. 38, 29, 45, 38, 39, 48, 50


ANSWER: MEDIAN = 39, MODE = 38 [ 29, 38, 38, 39, 45, 48, 50]

3. 58, 48, 59, 45, 60, 59, 47


ANSWER: MEDIAN = 58, MODE = 59, [ 45, 47, 48, 58, 59, 59, 60]

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