CALCULLUS

Differentiate the given function with respect to x

1. y = 5x4 – 6x2 – 10

ANSWER: dy/dx = 20x3 – 12x

2. y = 3x -3 + 5x2 -7x + 8

ANSWER: dy/dx = -9x-4 + 10x – 7

3. y = 5x3 – 6/x3

ANSWER: dy/dx = 15x2 + 18x-4

PREAMBLE: Evaluate the limit.

1. [ = 1/12]
ANSWER : 1/12

2. [ ]
ANSWER: 10

3. [ ]

ANSWER: 1

1. Find the coordinates of the point of inflexion of the given function

2. y = x3 + 8x + 7
ANSWER: (0, 7) [dy/dx = 3x2 + 8, d2y/dx2 = 6x = 0, hence x = 0 and y =
7]

3. y = 2x3 – 6x2 + 5
 ANSWER: (1, 1) [dy/dx = 6x2 – 12x, d2y/dx2 = 12x – 12 = 0, x = 1, y =
2 – 6 + 5 = 1]

4. y = 3x3 + 6x + 3
ANSWER: (0, 3) [dy/dx = 9x2+ 6, d2y/dx2 = 18x = 0, x = 0, y = 3 ]
Preamble: Differentiate the expression with respect to x.
1. y = 3x4 – 5x2 + 6
dy 3
ANSWER: =12 x −10 x
dx

2. y = 5x3 – 7x + 8
dy 2
ANSWER: =15 x −7
dx

3. y = 7x5 – 8x3 +6x

dy 4 2
ANSWER: =35 x −24 x +6
dx
Differentiate the given function with respect to x

1. y = 3x3 + 2x2 – x + 3
ANSWER: (dy/dx) = 9x2 + 4x – 1

2. y = x2 – x-3
ANSWER: dy/dx = 2x + 3x-4

3. y = (x – 3)2
ANSWER: dy/dx = 2(x – 3) = 2x – 6

Find the stationary points of the given curve

1. y = x3 – 3x2 + 6

ANSWER: (0, 6) and (2, 2)

[dy/dx = 3x2 - 6x = 0, 3x(x – 2) = 0, hence x = 0, x = 2
For x = 0, y = 6 and for x = 2 y = 8 – 12 + 6 = 2, points are (0, 6) and (2, 2) ]

2. y = 3x – x3

ANSWER: (1, 2) and (-1, -2)

[ dy/dx = 3 – 3x2 =0, hence x2 = 1, and x = 1, x = -1
 For x = 1, y = 3 – 1 = 2, and for x = -1, y = -3 + 1= -2, points are (1, 2)
and (-1, -2)

3. y = x + 1/x

ANSWER: (1, 2) and (-1, -2)

[ dy/dx = 1 – 1/x2 = 0, x2 = 1 and x = 1, x = -1
For x = 1, y = 1 + 1 = 2, and for x = 1, y = -1 + -1 = -2, points are (1, 2)
and (-1, -2)]
Evaluate the integral
3

 (3x  2 x)dx
2

1. 1

[ x  x |1  (27  9)  (1  1)  18 ]
3 2 3
ANSWER: 18
2

 3( x  2)
2
dx
2. 0

[ ( x  2) |0  (2  2)  (0  2)  0  (8)  8 ]
3 2 3 3
ANSWER: 8
2

 3x( x  2)dx
3. 1

[ x  3 x |1  (8  12)  (1  3)  4  2  2 ]
3 2 2
ANSWER: -2
Find the equation of the tangent to the curve y= f(x) at the point on the curve with given
x-value.
1. y = x3 – 3x2 at x = 2

ANSWER: y = -4, [dy/dx = 3x2 – 6x, at x = 2,m = 12 – 12 = 0, and y = 8 –

12 = -4, hence equation of tangent is (y + 4) = 0(x – 2), or y = -
4]
2. y = x – 1/x at x = -1

ANSWER: y = 2x + 2 [dy/dx = 1 + 1/x2,at x = -1, m = 1 + 1 = 2, y = -1+ 1=

0, hence equation of tangent is y = 2(x + 1)]
3. y = x2 – 3x

ANSWER: y = -x – 1 [ dy/dx = 2x – 3, at x = 1, m = 2 – 3 = -1, and y = 1 –

3 = -2, hence equation of tangent is (y + 2) = - (x – 1) or y = -x – 1 ]
Evaluate the limit
 x2  4 
Lim  
4.
x2
 x2 
 x2  4 
Lim    Lim  x  2)  2  2  4 
x2
 x  2  x2
ANSWER: 4 [
 x 9
2
Lim  
5.
x 3
 x3 
 x2  9 
Lim    Lim  x  3  3  3  6
ANSWER: -6 [
x 3
 x  3  x3 ]
 x  4x  3 
2
Lim  
x 1
 x 1 
6.
 x2  4x  3 
Lim    Lim( x  3)  1  3  2
x 1
 x  1  x 1
ANSWER: -2 [ ]
1. The product of two positive numbers is 100. Find the minimum possible sum
of the numbers.
ANSWER: 20 [ xy = 100, S = x + y , S = x + 100/x, dS/dx = 1 – 100/x2 = 0, x2
= 100, x = 10, y = 10, S = 20 ]

2. The sum of two numbers is 10. Find their maximum possible product.
ANSWER: 25 [x + y = 10, y = 10 – x, P = xy = x(x – 10), dP/dx = 2x – 10 =
0, x = 5, y = 5 and P = 25]
3. Given that y = x2 + 16/x, find the maximum or minimum value of y
ANSWER: 12 minimum [ dy/dx = 2x – 16/x2 = 0. x3 = 8, and x
= 2. d2y/dx2 = 2 + 3/x2, at x = 2, d2y/ PREAMBLE: Differentiate
implicitly to find dy/dx from the given equation.

1. x2 + xy – y2 = 10
ANSWER: dy/dx = (2x + y)/(2y – x)
[ 2x + y + xdy/dx – 2ydy/dx = 0, (dy/dx)(2y - x) = (2x + y)]

2. x2 – xy + 2y = 12
ANSWER: dy/dx = (2x – y)/(x – 2)
[2x – (xdy/dx + y) + 2dy/dx = 0, (dy/dx)(x – 2) = (2x – y) ]

3. 3x + 2xy + y2 = 8
ANSWER: dy/dx = -(3 + 2y)/(2x + 2y)
 [3 + 2(xdy/dx + y) + 2ydy/dx = 0, dy/dx(2x + 2y) = -(3 + 2y)]dx2 > 0, a minimum
and y = 4 + 16/2 = 4 + 8 = 12 ]
PREAMBLE: Differentiate the given function using the chain rule.

1. y = (x2 + 2x)5
ANSWER: dy/dx = 10(x + 1)(x2 + 2x)4 [dy/dx = 5(x2 + 2x)4(2x + 2) = 10(x + 1)(x2
+ 2x)4]

2. y = (3x – x2)7
ANSWER: dy/dx = 7(3 – 2x)(3x – x2)6 [dy/dx = 7(3x – x2)6(3 – 2x) = 7(3 – 2x)(3x
– x2)6 ]

3. y = (x + 1/x)5
ANSWER: dy/dx = 5(1 – 1/x2)(x + 1/x)4 [dy/dx = 5(x + 1/x)4(1 – 1/x2)]
Find the derivative of the function y = 2x4 – 3x2 + 5
ANSWER: dy/dx = 8x3 – 6x
Find the integral

 (2 x  1)
2
dx
1.
4 3
x  2 x2  x  C
ANSWER: 3
4 3
 (2 x  1) dx   4 x  4 x  1) dx  x  2 x2  x  C
2 2

[ 3 ]
1
 (x  x )
2
dx
2.
x3 1
 2x   C
ANSWER: 3 x
1 2 1 x3 1
        2x   C
2
( x ) dx ( x 2 2
) dx
[ x x 3 x ]

3.  (3x  2)(3x  2)dx

ANSWER: 3x3  4 x  C

 3x  2)(3x  2)dx   (9 x  4)dx  3x 3  4 x  C

2
[ ]

1 Evaluate the definite integral

ANSWER: - 4 [Find y in terms of x given that
 1 dy/dx = 3x2 – 4x and y = 3 for x = 1 [ y = x3 – 2x2 + C, 3 = 1 – 2 + C, C = 4, y = x3
– 2x2 + 4]
ANSWER: y = x3 – 2x2 + 4

2 dy/dx = 1/x2 + 1 and y = 0 for x = 1 [ y = -1/x + x + C, 0 = -1 + 1 + C , C = 0, y = x

– 1/x ]
ANSWER: y = x – 1/x

3 dy/dx = 3x2 – 1/x2 and y = 4 for x = 1 [ y = x3 + 1/x + C, 4 = 1 + 1 + C, C = 2, y = x3 +

1/x + 2]
ANSWER: y = x3 + 1/x + 2
Given y = 2x2 – 3/x, evaluate dy/dx at x = 1
ANSWER: dy/dx = 7 [dy/dx = 4x + 3/x2, at x = 1, dy/dx = 4 + 3 = 7]
dy
1. A gradient function of y is given by dx = 3x2 - 6x + 2. Express y in terms of x given that
y = 3 for x = 0.
y   (3 x 2  6 x  2)dx  x 3  3x 2  2 x  C
ANSWER: y  x  3 x  2 x  3
3 2
[ ,y
= 3 for x = 0 , C = 3]

dy 2
 2x  3
2. Given that dx x , find an expression for y in terms of x
1 2 1
y  x2  C y   2x  )dx  x 2  2  C
ANSWER: x2 [ x 3
x ]

dy
 4 x3  2 x  1
3. Given that dx and y = 1 for x = 1, express y in terms of x
y   (4 x3  2 x  1)dx  x 4  x 2  x  C
ANSWER: y  x  x  x
4 2
[ , y = 1 for x
= 1 hence C = 0]

Differentiate the expression with respect to x.

1. (2x – 7)10
ANSWER: 20(2x – 7)9 [Let y = (2x – 7)10, dy/dx = 10(2x – 7)9 2 = 20(2x – 7)9
(Chain rule) ]
2. (4x + 5)-8
ANSWER: -32(4x + 5)-9 [Let y = (4x + 5)-8, dy/dx = -8(4x + 5)-9 4 = -32(4x + 5)-9
(Chain rule) ]
3. (8 – 5x)12
ANSWER: -60(8 – 5x)11 [ let y = (8 – 5x)12,dy/dx = 12(-5)(8 – 5x)11 =
 -60(8 – 5x)11 ]
Find the finite area bounded by the given curve and the x-axis

1. y  9  x
2

[ 9  x  0  x  3 ,
2
ANSWER: 36
3
x3 3
A   (9  x 2 )dx  9 x  |  (27  9)  (27  9)  36
3 3
3 ]

2. y  1  x
2

4
[ 1  x  0  x  1,
2
ANSWER: 3 ,
1
x3 1 1 1 4
A   (1  x 2 )dx  x  |  (1  )  (1  ) 
1
3 1 3 3 3]

3. y  x  x
2

1
[ x  x  0  x  0,1 ;
2
ANSWER: 6 ,
1
x 2 x3 1 1 1 1
A   ( x  x )dx   |   
2

2 3 0 2 3 6
0 ]

Differentiate the expression with respect to x:

1. y = x2sin2x [dy/dx = 2xsin2x + x2(2cos2x) product rule ]

ANSWER: dy/dx = 2xsin2x + 2x2cos2x

2. y = sinx/x2 [ dy/dx = cosx/x2 – 2sinx/x3 product or quotient rule]

ANSWER: dy/dx = (cosx)/x2 – (2sinx)/x3 ]

3. y = (x + sinx)4 [ dy/dx = 4(1 + cosx)(x + sinx)3 chain rule ]

ANSW Find the gradient m, and the equation of the tangent to the circle at the
given point

1. x  y  4 x  2 y  20 at (-1, 3)
2 2

ANSWER: m = 0.75, 4y = 3x +15 [ 2x + 2ydy/dx – 4 + 2dy/dx = 0, dy/dx =

(4 - 2x)/(2y + 2), m = 6/8

Equation of tangent y – 3 =( ¾)(x + 1), y = 3x/4 + 15/4]

2. x  y  6 x  10 y  9  0 at (1, 2)
2 2

ANSWER: m = 4/3, 3y = 4x + 2 [2x + 2ydy/dx + 6 – 10dy/dx =0, dy/dx =

(2x+6)/(10-2y), m = 8/6 = 4/3

Equation of tangent, y – 2 = (4/3) (x – 1), y = 4 x/3 + 2/3]

3. x  y  6 x  8 y  0 at (0, 0)
2 2

ANSWER: m = 0.75, 4y = 3x [2x + 2ydy/dx – 6 + 8dy/dx = 0, dy/dx = (6-

2x)/(8 + 2y), m = 6/8

Equation of tangent, y = 3x/4]

ER: dy/dx = 4(1 + cosx)(x + sinx)4

Differentiate the function y = (2 – x)/(x + 2)

ANSWER: dy/dx = -4/(x + 2)2 [ dy/dx = ((-1(x + 2) – 1(2 – x))/(x + 2)2 = -4/(x + 2)2] 3

Find the indefinite integral

ANSWER: x5 – x3 + 3x2 + C

1 Given the function y = 2x2 – 3x - 3, find dy/dx at x = 1

ANSWER: dy/dx = 1 [dy/dx = 4x – 3; at x = 1, dy/dx = 4 – 3 = 1]

2 Given that y = x2 – 1/x2, find dy/dx at x = 1.

ANSWER: dy/dx = 4 [dy/dx = 2x + 2/x3, at x = 1, dy/dx = 2 + 2 = 4]

3 Given that y = 4x3 – 5/x2, find dy/dx at x = -1

ANSWER: dy/dx = 2 [dy/dx = 12x2 + 10/x3, at x = -1, dy/dx = 12 – 10 = 2 ]

ANSWER: Smooth passage of food. / Pushes food towards stomach.

PREAMBLE: Evaluate the limit.

1.

ANSWER: 3 [ ]

2.

ANSWER: 1 [ ]
3.
ANSWER: 1 [ (8 – 12 + 5 = 13 – 12 = 1]

1 Given the function y = 2x2 – 3x - 3, find dy/dx at x = 1

ANSWER: dy/dx = 1 [dy/dx = 4x – 3; at x = 1, dy/dx = 4 – 3 = 1]

2 Given that y = x2 – 1/x2, find dy/dx at x = 1.

ANSWER: dy/dx = 4 [dy/dx = 2x + 2/x3, at x = 1, dy/dx = 2 + 2 = 4]

3 Given that y = 4x3 – 5/x2, find dy/dx at x = -1

ANSWER: dy/dx = 2 [dy/dx = 12x2 + 10/x3, at x = -1, dy/dx = 12 – 10 = 2 ]

2 Evaluate the definite integral

ANSWER: 0 [ = x4 | = 1 – 1 = 0]
Find y in terms of x given that

1 dy/dx = 3x2 + 2x, and y = 3 for x = 1

ANSWER: y = x3 + x2 + 1 [y = x3 + x2 + C, 3 = 1 + 1 + C, C = 1, y = x3 + x2 + 1]

2 dy/dx = 1/x2 + 1, and y = 0 for x = 1

ANSWER: y = -1/x + x [y = -1/x + x + C, 0 = -1 + 1 + C, C = 0, y = -1/x + x]

3 dy/dx = 4x3 – 3x2, and y = 2 for x = 1.

ANSWER: y = x4 – x3 + 2 [y = x4 – x3 + C, 2 = 1 – 1 + C, C = 2, y = x4 – x3 + 2]

3 Find the equation of the tangent to the curve y = x2- 2x + 3 at ANSWER: y = 2

[dy/dx = 2x - 2 = 0, x = 1 and y = 1 – 2 + 3 = 2]
2 Find y in terms of x given dy/dx = 3x2 – 2x, and y = 4 for x = 2.
ANSWER: y = x3 – x2

[y = x3 – x2 + C, 4 = 8 – 4 + C, C = 0 hence y = x3 – x2]

the Find the indefinite integral

1 [ ]
ANSWER : x – 1/x + C
 2 [ ]
ANSWER : x2 – x3 + C

3 [ = x3/3 + x4/4 + C]
ANSWER : x3/3 + x4/4 + C
poi Given x2 + xy – y2 = 10, find dy/dx
ANSWER: dy/dx = (2x + y)/(2y – x)
[2x + y + xdy/dx – 2ydy/dx = 0, (2y – x)dy/dx = 2x + y, dy/dx = (2x + y)/(2y – x)]
nt where the Express y as a function of x given that

1 dy/dx = 2x + 2, and y = 4 when x = 2

ANSWER: y = x2 + 2x - 4 [ y = x2 + 2x + C, 4 = 4 + 4 + C, C = -4]

2 dy/dx = 3x2 – 4x3, and y = -8 when x = 2

ANSWER: y = x3 – x4 [ y = x3 – x4 + C, -8 = 8 – 16 + C, C = 0, y = x3 – x4 ]

3 dy/dx = 2 – 2/x2, and y = 0 for x = 1.

ANSWER: y = 2x + 2/x - 4 [y = 2x + 2/x + C, 0 = 2 + 2 + C, C = -4, y = 2x + 2/x – 4]
tangent is horizontal.

[2x – (xdy/dx + y) + 2dy/dx = 0, (dy/dx)(x – 2) = (2x – y) ]

4. 3x + 2xy + y2 = 8
ANSWER: dy/dx = -(3 + 2y
PREAMBLE: Find the integral

1. ∫ ( 3 x 2−4 x ) dx

ANSWER: x3 – 2x2 + C

2. ∫ ( 5 x 4 −9 x 2) dx

ANSWER: x5 – 3x3 + C

3. ∫ ( 4 x 3 +5 ) dx

ANSWER: x4 + 5x + C
1. The sum of two numbers is 26. Find the maximum possible product of the numbers.
ANSWER: 169 [x + y = 26, P = xy = x(26 – x), dP/dx = 26 – 2x = 0,x = 13
and y = 13, P = 132]

2. The product of two numbers is 256. Find the maximum possible sum of the numbers.
ANSWER: 32 [xy = 256, S = x + y = x + 256/x, dS/dx = 1 – 256/x2 = 0, x2=
256, x = 16, y = 16 and S = 32]
3. The product of two numbers is 50. Find the maximum possible sum of the numbers.

ANSWER: 10 2 [ xy = 50, S = x + y = x + 50/x, dS/dx = 1-50/x2= 0, x2 = 50, x

=5 2 , y= 5 2 , S = 10 2 ]

Find an expression for dy/dx for the given implicit curve:

1 x2 + 2xy + 3y2 = 10
ANSWER: dy/dx = -(x + y)/(x + 3y)
[2x + 2(x(dy/dx) + y) + 6y(dy/dx) = 0, dy/dx(2x + 6y) = -(2x + 2y), dy/dx = -(x + y)/(x +
3y)]

2 2x2 + xy + y2 = 15
ANSWER: dy/dx = -(4x + y)/(x + 2y)
[4x + y + xdy/dx + 2ydy/dx = 0, dy/dx(x + 2y) = -(4x + y), dy/dx = -(4x + y)/(x + 2y)]

3 x2 - xy – y2 = 20
ANSWER: dy/dx = (2x – y)/(x + 2y)
[ 2x – x(dy/dx) – y – 2y(dy/dx) = 0, 2x – y = (dy/dx)(x + 2y), dy/dx = (2x – y)/(x + 2y)]

Differentiate the expression with respect to x:

1 y = (2x2 + x)10
ANSWER: dy/dx = 10(4x + 1)(2x2 + x)9

2 y = (x3 – 3x)15
ANSWER : dy/dx = 15(3x2 – 3)(x3 – 3x)14

3 y = (x4 – x3)21
ANSWER : dy/dx = 21(4x3 – 3x2)(x4 – x3)20

Evaluate the definite integral

1 [x3 - 2x | = (27 – 6) – (8 – 4) = 21 – 4 = 17]

ANSWER: 17

2 [-1/x | = (-1/2) – (-1/1) = 1 – ½ = ½]

ANSWER: 1/2

3 [ x2 – 3x | = (4 – 6) – (4 + 6) = - 12]
 ANSWER: -12
5. x2 + xy – y2 = 10
ANSWER: dy/dx = (2x + y)/(2y – x)
[ 2x + y + xdy/dx – 2ydy/dx = 0, (dy/dx)(2y - x) = (2x + y)]
6. x2 – xy + 2y = 12
ANSWER: dy/dx = (2x – y)/(x – 2)
PREAMBLE: Differentiate with respect to x
1. y = (2x + 1)10
dy 9
ANSWER: =20 ( 2 x +1 )
dx
2. y = (3 – 2x)7
dy 6
ANSWER: =−14 ( 3−2 x )
dx
3. y = (5x - 3)4
ANSWER: dy /dx =20 ( 5 x−3 )3
PREAMBLE: Find the integral
1. ∫ ( 2 x−3 ) dx

ANSWER: x2 – 3x + C

2. ∫ ( x 2 + 4 x ) dx
3
x 2
ANSWER: +2 x +C
3
3. ∫ ( x 3−3 x 2 ) dx
4
x 3
ANSWER: −x +C
4

1. Find the derivative of the function y = 3x2 – 6x + 5.

ANSWER: (dy/dx) = 6x – 6

1. Find the integral .

ANSWER: x4 + x3 + C
 1. ]
ANSWER: 2

2. [ ]
ANSWER: 6

3. [
ANSWER: -2

1. Evaluate .
ANSWER: 2 [4 – 6 + 4 = 8 – 6 = 2]
2. Differentiate the expression y = 3x4 – 7x2 + 8.
ANSWER: (dy/dx) = 12x3 – 14x
: Find the integral

1.

ANSWER: x3 – x2+ C [ ]

2.

ANSWER: x4 + x2 + C [ = x4 + x2 + C]

3.

ANSWER: x5 – x3 + C [ ]
Differentiate the function with respect to x
1. y = 5x4 – 3x3 + 5x
ANSWER: dy/dx = 20x3 – 9x2 + 5
2. y = 4x3 + 3/x4
ANSWER: dy/dx = 12x2 – 12/x5
3. y = 5x5 – 5/x5
ANSWER: dy/dx = 25x4 + 25/x6
PREAMBLE: Find dy/dx from the given equation:

1. y = x(x2 – 3)
 ANSWER: dy/dx = 3x2 – 3 [y = x3 – 3x, dy/dx = 3x2 – 3]

2. y = x2 (x -1 + x -2)
ANSWER: dy/dx = 1 [ y = x + 1, dy/dx = 1]

3. y = x2 –x -2
PREAMBLE: Find the derivative of the given function:

1. y = (1 – 3x)7
ANSWER: dy/dx = -21(1 – 3x)6
2. y = (1 +3x)-5
ANSWER: dy/dx = -15(1 + 3x)-6
3. y = (x2 + 1)10
ANSWER: y = 20x(x2 + 1)9
: Differentiate the given function with respect to x.

1. y = (2x + 3)5
ANSWER: dy/dx = 10(2x + 3)4 [ dy/dx = 5(2)(2x + 3)4 = 10(2x + 3)4]

2. y = (7x – 3)3
ANSWER: dy/dx = 21(7x – 3)2 [ dy/dx = 3(7)(7x – 3)2 = 21(7x – 3)2]

3. y = (10x + 5)10
ANSWER: dy/dx = 100(10x + 5)9 [ dy/dx = 10(10)(10x + 5)9 = 100(10x + 5)9

: Differentiate the quotient:

1. y = (x + 1)/(x – 2)
ANSWER: dy/dx = -3/(x – 2)2 [dy/dx = [(x – 2) – (x + 1)]/(x – 2)2 = -3/(x – 2)2]

2. y = (2x + 1)/x
ANSWER: dy/dx = -1/x2 [y = 2 + 1/x, dy/dx = -1/x2]

3. y = x/(2x + 1)
ANSWER: dy/dx = 1/(2x + 1)2 [ dy/dx = ((2x + 1) - 2x)/(2x + 1)2 = 1/(2x + 1)2]
Integrate the given function.

1. x2/3
ANSWER: (3/5)x5/3 + C

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2. x-1/2

ANSWER: 2x1/2 + C [ ]

3. x1/4

ANSWER: (4/5) x5/4 + C [ ]