Homework for O-II (Physics)

1. Test yourself 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4.

2. Map seven base physical quantities.
3. Identify the physical quantity, numerical
magnitude and unit in the following statements:
4. The distance–time graph for a girl on a cycle ride is
shown in Figure 3.5.
a How far did she travel?
b How long did she take?
c What was her average speed in km/h?
d How many stops did she make?
e How long did she stop for altogether?
f What was her average speed excluding stops?
g How can you tell from the shape of the graph
when she travelled fastest? Over which stage did
this happen?
 Fig 3.5
5. A sprint cyclist starts from rest and accelerates at 1
m/s2 for 20 seconds. He then travels at a constant
speed for 1 minute and finally decelerates at 2
m/s2 until he stops. Find his maximum speed in
km/h and the total distance covered in meters.
6. The graph in Figure 3.6 represents the distance
travelled by a car plotted against time.
a How far has the car travelled at the end of 5
seconds?
b What is the speed of the car during the first 5
seconds?
c What has happened to the car after A?
d Draw a graph showing the speed of the car plotted
against time during the first 5 seconds.
7. The graph in Figure 3.6 represents the distance
travelled by a car plotted against time.
a How far has the car travelled at the end of 5
seconds?
 b What is the speed of the car during the first 5
seconds?
c What has happened to the car after A?
d Draw a graph showing the speed of the car plotted
against time during the first 5 seconds.

Fig 3.6

8. Figure 3.7 shows an incomplete velocity–time

graph for a boy running a distance of 100 m.
a What is his acceleration during the first 4 seconds?
b How far does the boy travel during (i) the first 4
seconds,
(ii) The next 9 seconds?
c Copy and complete the graph showing clearly at
what time he has
covered the distance of 100 m. Assume his speed
remains constant at the
value shown by the horizontal portion of the graph.
 Fig 3.7
9. The approximate velocity–time graph for a car on a
5-hour journey is shown in Figure 3.8. (There is a
very quick driver change midway to prevent
driving fatigue!)
a State in which of the regions OA, AB, BC, CD, DE the
car is (i) accelerating, (ii) decelerating, (iii)
travelling with uniform velocity.
b Calculate the value of the acceleration, deceleration
or constant velocity in each region.
c What is the distance travelled over each region?
d What is the total distance travelled?
e Calculate the average velocity for the whole
journey.

Fig 3.8
10. The distance–time graph for a motorcyclist riding
off from rest is shown in Figure 3.9.
a Describe the motion.
b How far does the motorbike move in 30 seconds?
c Calculate the speed.

Fig 3.9
11. A ball is projected vertically upwards with an
initial velocity of 30 m/s. Find
a its maximum height and
b the time taken to return to its starting point.
Neglect air resistance and take g = 10 m/s2.
12. A stone falls from rest from the top of a high
tower. Ignore air resistance and take g = 10 m/s2.
a What is its velocity after
(i) 1 s,
(ii) 2 s,
(iii) 3 s,
(iv) 5 s?
b How far has it fallen after
(i) 1 s,
(ii) 2 s,
(iii) 3 s,
 (iv) 5 s?
13. An object falls from a hovering helicopter and
hits the ground at a speed of 30 m/s. How long
does it take the object to reach the ground and
how far does it fall? Sketch a velocity–time graph
for the object (ignore air resistance).
14. If the density of wood is 0.5 g/cm3 what is the mass
of
(i) 1 cm3,
(ii) 2 cm3,
(iii) 10 cm3?
b What is the density of a substance of
(i) mass 100 g and volume 10 cm3,
(ii) volume 3 m3 and mass 9 kg?
c The density of gold is 19 g/cm3. Find the volume of
(i) 38 g,
(ii) 95 g of gold.
15. A piece of steel has a volume of 12 cm3 and a mass
of 96 g. What is its density in
a g/cm3,
b kg/m3?
16. What is the mass of 5 m3 of cement of density 3000
kg/m3?
17. What is the mass of air in a room measuring 10 m ×
5.0 m ×2.0 m if the density of air is 1.3 kg/m3?
18. When a golf ball is lowered into a measuring
cylinder of water, the water level rises by 30 cm3
when the ball is completely submerged. If the ball
weighs 33 g in air, find its density.
19. Why does ice float on water?
20. What is the average speed of
a a car that travels 400 m in 20 s,
b an athlete who runs 1500 m in 4 minutes?
21. A train increases its speed steadily from 10 m/s to
20 m/s in 1 minute.
a What is its average speed during this time, in
m/s?
b How far does it travel while increasing its speed?
22. A motorcyclist starts from rest and reaches a speed
of 6 m/s after travelling with uniform acceleration
for 3 s. What is his acceleration?
23. An aircraft travelling at 600 km/h accelerates
steadily at 10 km/h per second. Taking the
speed of sound as 1100 km/h at the aircraft’s
altitude, how long will it take to reach the ‘sound
barrier’?
24. A vehicle moving with a uniform acceleration of 2
m/s2 has a velocity of 4 m/s at a certain time. What
will its velocity be?
a 1 s later,
b 5 s later?
25. If a bus travelling at 20 m/s is subject to a steady
deceleration of 5m/s2, how long will it take to
come to rest?
26. The tape in Figure 2.7 was pulled through a timer
by a trolley travelling down a runway. It was
marked off in ten tick lengths.
a What can you say about the trolley’s motion?
b Find its acceleration in cm/s2.
 Fig 2.7
27. Taking the density of copper as 9 g/cm3, find
a the mass of 5 cm3 and
b the volume of 63 g.
28. Find the resultant of two forces of 4.0 N and 5.0 N
acting at an angle of 45o to each other.
29. A block of mass 2 kg has a constant velocity when it
is pushed along a table by a force of 5 N. When the
push is increased to 9 N what is
a the resultant force,
b the acceleration?
30. Which one of the diagrams in Figure 8.7 shows the
arrangement of forces that gives the block of mass
M the greatest acceleration?

Fig 8.7
31. In Figure 8.8 if P is a force of 20 N and the object
moves with constant velocity, what is the value of
the opposing force F? object

Figure 8.8
32. a What resultant force produces an acceleration of
5 m/s2 in a car of mass 1000 kg?
b What acceleration is produced in a mass of 2 kg
by a resultant force of 30 N?
33. A block of mass 500 g is pulled from rest on a
horizontal frictionless bench by a steady force F
and travels 8 m in 2 s. Find
a the acceleration,
b the value of F.
34. Starting from rest on a level road a girl can reach a
speed of 5 m/s in 10 s on her bicycle. Find
a the acceleration,
b the average speed during the 10 s,
c the distance she travels in 10 s.
Eventually, even though she is still pedaling as fast
as she can, she stops accelerating and her speed
reaches a maximum value. Explain in terms of the
forces acting why this happens.
35. What does an astronaut of mass 100 kg weigh
a on Earth where the gravitational field strength is
10 N/kg,
b on the Moon where the gravitational field strength
is 1.6 N/kg?
36. A rocket has a mass of 500 kg.
 a What is its weight on Earth where g = 10 N/kg?
b At lift-off the rocket engine exerts an upward force
of 25 000 N. What is the resultant force on the
rocket? What is its initial acceleration?
37. Figure 8.9 shows the forces acting on a raindrop
which is falling to the ground.
a (i) A is the force which causes the raindrop to
fall. What is this force called?
(ii) B is the total force opposing the motion of the
drop. State one possible cause of this force.
b What happens to the drop when force A =
force B?

Figure 8.9
38. Explain the following using F = ma.
a A racing car has a powerful engine and is made of
strong but lightweight material.
b A car with a small engine can still accelerate
rapidly.
39. The see-saw in Figure 10.3 balances when Shani of
weight 320 N is at A, Tom of weight 540 N is at B
and Harry of weight W is at C. Find W.
40. Figure 10.8 shows three positions of the pedal on a
bicycle which has a crank 0.20 m long. If the cyclist
exerts the same vertically downward push of 25 N
 with his foot, in which case, A, B or C, is the turning
effect
(i) 25 × 0.2 = 5 N m,
(ii) 0,
(iii) between 0 and 5 N m?
Explain your answers.

Figure 10.8

41. The weight of the uniform bar in Figure 11.11 is 10

N. Does it balance, tip to the right or tip to the left?

Figure 11.11
42. What is the momentum in kg m/s of a 10 kg truck
travelling at
a 5 m/s,
b 20 cm/s,
c 36 km/h?
43. A ball X of mass 1 kg travelling at 2 m/s has a head-
on collision with an identical ball Y at rest. X stops
and Y moves off. What is Y’s velocity?
44. A boy with mass 50 kg running at 5 m/s jumps on
to a 20 kg trolley travelling in the same direction at
1.5 m/s. What is their common velocity?
45. A girl of mass 50 kg jumps out of a rowing boat of
mass 300 kg on to the bank, with a horizontal
velocity of 3 m/s. With what velocity does the boat
begin to move backwards?
46. A truck of mass 500 kg moving at 4 m/s collides
with another truck of mass 1500 kg moving in the
same direction at 2 m/s. What is their common
velocity just after
the collision if they move off together?
47. The velocity of a body of mass 10 kg increases from
4 m/s to 8 m/s when a force acts on it for 2 s.
a What is the momentum before the force acts?
b What is the momentum after the force acts?
c What is the momentum gain per second?
d What is the value of the force?
48. A rocket of mass 10 000 kg uses 5.0 kg of fuel and
oxygen to produce exhaust gases ejected at 5000
m/s. Calculate the increase in its velocity.
49. Name the energy transfers which occur when
 a an electric bell rings,
b someone speaks into a microphone,
c a ball is thrown upwards,
d there is a picture on a television screen,
e a torch is on.
50. Name the forms of energy represented by the
letters A, B, C and D in the following statement.
In a coal-fi red power station, the (A) energy of coal
becomes (B) energy which changes water into
steam. The steam drives a turbine which drives a
generator. A generator transfers (C) energy into
(D) energy.
51. How much work is done when a mass of 3 kg
(weighing 30 N) is lifted vertically through 6 m?
52. A hiker climbs a hill 300 m high. If she has a mass
of 50 kg calculate the work she does in lifting her
body to the top of the hill.
53. In loading a lorry a man lifts boxes each of weight
100 N through a height of 1.5 m.
a How much work does he do in lifting one box?
b How much energy is transferred when one box
is lifted?
c If he lifts four boxes per minute at what power
is he working?
54. A boy whose weight is 600 N runs up a flight of
stairs 10 m high in 12 s. What is his average
power?
55. a When the energy input to a gas-fi red power
station is 1000 MJ, the electrical energy output
is 300 MJ. What is the efficiency of the power
 station in changing the energy in gas into electrical
energy?
b What form does the 700 MJ of ‘lost’ energy take?
c What is the fate of the ‘lost’ energy?
56. State what energy transfers occur in
a a hairdryer,
b a refrigerator,
c an audio system.
57. An escalator carries 60 people of average mass 70
kg to a height of 5 m in one minute. Find the power
needed to do this.

Noor Ghulam (AP)

Physics Deptt.
Contact# 03325568631
e-mail. [email protected]