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4 Multimedia

This document discusses different categories of digital graphics: 1. Bitmaps store binary color information in a grid of pixels and come in 1-bit, 8-bit grayscale, and 24-bit color formats. Higher bit depths can provide more accurate medical images. 2. Vector images are computer-generated and consist of objects like shapes. They are used for graphics like interfaces. 3. Meta graphics combine bitmaps and vectors, like an aerial map with vector text highlighting landmarks. Animated graphics consist of multiple graphics to create movement, often using vectors with bitmap effects added. 3D drawing renders objects visually across three dimensions.

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39 views

4 Multimedia

This document discusses different categories of digital graphics: 1. Bitmaps store binary color information in a grid of pixels and come in 1-bit, 8-bit grayscale, and 24-bit color formats. Higher bit depths can provide more accurate medical images. 2. Vector images are computer-generated and consist of objects like shapes. They are used for graphics like interfaces. 3. Meta graphics combine bitmaps and vectors, like an aerial map with vector text highlighting landmarks. Animated graphics consist of multiple graphics to create movement, often using vectors with bitmap effects added. 3D drawing renders objects visually across three dimensions.

Uploaded by

abdullah.saadp
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Multimedia Systems Development

Dr. Omar Masmali


Image
Categories of Digital Graphics

• 1. Bitmap

• 2. Vector

• 3. Meta

• 4. Animated
1- Bitmaps

• Bitmaps are maps of binary color information.

• They store this information in a grid of points, or pixels, which has a fixed width

and height.

• They can store various ranges of colors according to the image type.
1-Bit Images
• Images consist of pixels (picture elements in digital images).
• A 1-bit image (also called binary image) consists of on and off bits only and thus is
the simplest type of image.
• Each pixel is stored as a single bit (0 or 1)
• It is also sometimes called a 1-bit monochrome (called Lena image by scientists)
image since it contains no color.
• 1-bit images can be satisfactory for pictures containing only simple graphics and
text.
• fax machines use 1-bit data, so in fact 1-bit images are still important.
Monochrome 1-bit image

• A 640×480 monochrome image requires 38.4 kB of storage


8-Bit Gray-Level Images
• 8-bit image is one for which each pixel has a gray value between 0 and 255.

• Each pixel is represented by a single byte.

• The entire image can be thought of as a two-dimensional array of pixel values


referred to as a bitmap.

• Image resolution refers to the number of pixels in a digital image (higher


resolution always yields better quality but increases size)
Grayscale image of Lena

• 640×480 grayscale image requires 300kB of storage


24-Bit Color Images
• In a color 24-bit image, each pixel is represented by three bytes, usually
representing RGB.
• Since each value is in the range 0–255, this format supports 256×256×256, or a
total of 16,777,216, possible combined colors; which increases storage size.
• a 640 × 480 24-bit color image would require 921.6 kB of storage. (without any
compression applied)
• Compression is used to decrease the image size by simply grouping pixels
effectively.
24-bit color image
Higher Bit-Depth Images
• In some fields such as medicine (security cameras, satellite imaging) more
accurate images are required to see the patient’s liver, for example.

• To get such images, special cameras that view more than just 3 colors (RGB) are
used.

• Such images are called multispectral (more than three colors) or hyperspectral
(224 colors for satellite imaging).
Graphics File Formats
• There are many standard formats for saving bitmaps in files.
• Bitmap (BMP)
• Graphics Interchange Format (GIF)
• Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG)
• Exchangeable Image File (Exif)
• Portable Network Graphics (PNG)
• Tag Image File Format (TIFF)
• .......
• https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Media/Formats/Image_types
2- Vector images
• Vector images are completely computer generated.

• They are known as object-oriented graphics as they consist of objects such as


shapes.

• Vectors are used to create graphics such as interface elements (banners, buttons)
text, line art and detailed drawings (plans, maps).

• Effects can be added to vector graphics to add realism, however, they need to be
converted to bitmaps in order to do this.
Raster graphics
• raster graphic is a mechanism that represents a two-dimensional image as a
rectangular matrix or grid of square pixels, viewable via a computer display, paper,
or other display medium.

• A raster is technically characterized by the width and height of the image in pixels
and by the number of bits per pixel.

• Raster images are stored in image files with varying dissemination, production,
generation, and acquisition formats.
Raster graphics
3- Meta Graphics
• Meta graphics can be termed as hybrid graphics as they are a combination of
bitmap and vector graphics.

• They aren’t as widely used as bitmaps and vectors, and aren’t as widely supported.

• An example of a meta graphic would be a map consisting of a photo showing an


aerial view of a town, where the landmarks are highlighted using vector text and
graphics.
4- Animated Graphics
• Animated graphics are ‘moving graphics’ that consist of at least more than one
graphic.

• Vector graphics are mainly the basis of animations.

• Think of cartoons such as the Simpsons and Family Guy.

• Effects generated by bitmaps can be added and bitmaps themselves can also be
animated.
Three Dimensional (3D) Drawing and
Rendering
• 3 Dimensional refers to objects that are rendered visually on paper, film or on screen
in three planes representing width, height and depth (X, Y and Z).

• The 3D object that a user creates is called a model and it can be simple as well as
complex.

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