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Grade 8 Module

The document is a mathematics lesson about the rectangular coordinate system from Lyceum of Lal-Lo, Inc. Tuguegarao Archdiocesan School's System. It introduces the rectangular coordinate system, also known as the Cartesian plane, which consists of perpendicular x- and y- axes that intersect at the origin (0,0) and divide the plane into four numbered quadrants. It explains how to locate points using ordered pairs of coordinates and identifies the signs that determine which quadrant a point falls in. Examples are provided to demonstrate plotting points and finding their coordinates.

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Airah Columna
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454 views

Grade 8 Module

The document is a mathematics lesson about the rectangular coordinate system from Lyceum of Lal-Lo, Inc. Tuguegarao Archdiocesan School's System. It introduces the rectangular coordinate system, also known as the Cartesian plane, which consists of perpendicular x- and y- axes that intersect at the origin (0,0) and divide the plane into four numbered quadrants. It explains how to locate points using ordered pairs of coordinates and identifies the signs that determine which quadrant a point falls in. Examples are provided to demonstrate plotting points and finding their coordinates.

Uploaded by

Airah Columna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LYCEUM OF LAL-LO, INC.

TUGUEGARAO ARCHDIOCESAN SCHOOL’S SYSTEM


Centro, Lal-lo, Cagayan

Learner’s Module
in
Mathematics-8

Lesson: The Rectangular Coordinate System

____________________________
Name of Student

Prepared by:

Allen Jay A. Siriban, LPT


Mathematics Teacher

FOR LOL USE ONLY


LYCEUM OF LAL-LO, INC.
TUGUEGARAO ARCHDIOCESAN SCHOOL’S SYSTEM
Centro, Lal-lo, Cagayan

INTRODUCTION

A Rectangular Coordinate System or also known as a Cartesian plane is named after the French
mathematician René Descartes (1596 – 1650), who is known as the “Father of Modern
Mathematics”. It is composed of two perpendicular number lines, typically called the 𝑥 - 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 and
the 𝑦 - 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠, respectively, that meet at a point of origin (0, 0) and divide the plane into four regions
called quadrants which are numbered in sequence as Quadrant I, Quadrant II, Quadrant III, and
Quadrant IV moving in a counter-clockwise direction starting from the upper right.

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LYCEUM OF LAL-LO, INC.
TUGUEGARAO ARCHDIOCESAN SCHOOL’S SYSTEM
Centro, Lal-lo, Cagayan

The horizontal number line is called the 𝒙 - 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔.


The vertical number line is called the 𝒚 - 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔.

The point of intersection of the horizontal and vertical number lines is called the origin.
Each point in the plane can be located using an ordered pair of numbers (𝑥, 𝑦), where 𝑥 is the
horizontal distance and 𝑦 is the vertical distance of the point from the origin. The numbers in
the ordered pair are called coordinates. The 𝑥 – 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 of the coordinates (𝑥, 𝑦) of a point is also
known as the abscissa, while the 𝑦 – 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 is known as the ordinate.

The signs of the first and second coordinates of a point vary in the four quadrants as indicated
below.

This means that you can easily tell which quadrant an ordered pair is located by just simply
looking at the signs of the coordinates.

There are also points which lie in 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑥 - 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 - 𝑎𝑥𝑒𝑠. The points which lie in the 𝑥 - 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 have
coordinates (𝑥, 0) and the points which lie in the 𝑦 - 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 have coordinates (0, 𝑦), where 𝑥 and 𝑦 are
real numbers. Let us explore the following examples below.

FOR LOL USE ONLY


LYCEUM OF LAL-LO, INC.
TUGUEGARAO ARCHDIOCESAN SCHOOL’S SYSTEM
Centro, Lal-lo, Cagayan

Example 1:
The points A(1,0), B(2,1), C(0,3), D(-4,2), E(-2,-3), and F(4,-4) can be plotted in the Cartesian
plane as shown in the illustration in Figure 2 where:
• point A is along the x-axis;
• point B is in Quadrant I;
• point C is along the y-axis;
• point D is in Quadrant II;
• point E is in Quadrant III; and
• point F is in Quadrant IV

Remember: In naming the coordinates of a point, the first coordinate is the 𝑥 -


𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 and second is 𝑦 - 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒. They can’t be interchanged.

Example 2. Use the Cartesian plane to find the coordinates of the following points.

a) M b) A c) T d) H

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LYCEUM OF LAL-LO, INC.
TUGUEGARAO ARCHDIOCESAN SCHOOL’S SYSTEM
Centro, Lal-lo, Cagayan

Answer:
• Point M is in Quadrant II. It is located 2 units to the left of the 𝒚 - 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔 and 3 units above the
𝒙 - 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔. Hence, the coordinates of the point M is (-𝟐, 𝟑).
• Point A is in Quadrant III. It is located 1 unit to the left of the 𝒚 - 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔 and 2 units below the
𝒙 - 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔. Hence, the coordinates of the point A is (-𝟏, -𝟐).
• Point T is in Quadrant IV. It is located 2 units to the right of the 𝒚 – 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔 and 4 units below
the 𝒙 - 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔. Hence, the coordinates of the point T is (𝟐, -𝟒).
• Point H is in Quadrant I. The point is located 3 units to the right of the 𝒚 -𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔 and 2 units
above the 𝒙 - 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔. Hence, the coordinates of the point H is (𝟑, 𝟐).

Example 3. Plot the points on the Cartesian plane and determine the quadrant. Connect each
pair of consecutive points and find the perimeter of the resulting quadrilateral.
a) L (3,4) b) O (-3, 4) c) V (-3, -4) d) E (3, -4)

Answers: Referring to the Cartesian plane in Figure that follows,


• L (3,4) means that the point is located 3 units to the right of the y-axis and 4 units above
the x –axis. Since the signs of the coordinates are both positive, point L is in Quadrant I.
• O (-3, 4) means that the point is located 3 units to the left of the y-axis and 4 units above

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LYCEUM OF LAL-LO, INC.
TUGUEGARAO ARCHDIOCESAN SCHOOL’S SYSTEM
Centro, Lal-lo, Cagayan

the x-axis. Since the sign of the x-coordinate or the abscissa is negative and the sign of the y-
coordinate or the ordinate is positive, then point O is in Quadrant II.
• V (-3, -4) means that the point is located 3 units to the left of the y-axis and 4 units below
the x-axis. Since the signs of both x-and y-coordinates are both negative, point V is in Quadrant
III.
• E (3, -4) means that the point is located 3 units to the right of the y-axis and 4 units below
the x-axis. Since the sign of the x-coordinate or abscissa is positive and the sign of the y
coordinate or ordinate is negative, point E is in Quadrant IV.

Connecting the adjacent vertices, we see that point L, O, V, and E forms a rectangle. To find the
perimeter of the rectangle, we know that: 𝑃 = 2𝐿 + 2𝑊
Note that each interval in the Cartesian plane represents one unit of measure. This means that
quadrilateral formed by the points L, O, V, E has length of 8 units and width of 6 units. Hence,
the perimeter of quadrilateral LOVE is:
𝑃 = 2𝐿 + 2𝑊
𝑃 = 2(8) + 2(6)
𝑃 = 16 + 12
𝑃 = 28 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠

Activity 1: Wow Caraga!


Describe the location of each point that represents a place in Caraga Region by completing the
following table. An example is done for you.

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LYCEUM OF LAL-LO, INC.
TUGUEGARAO ARCHDIOCESAN SCHOOL’S SYSTEM
Centro, Lal-lo, Cagayan

Activity 3: Plot the Points


This activity will enable you to plot the points in the Cartesian plane given its coordinates.
Directions: Plot the following points in the Cartesian Plane then identify which quadrant or axis
it belongs.

FOR LOL USE ONLY


LYCEUM OF LAL-LO, INC.
TUGUEGARAO ARCHDIOCESAN SCHOOL’S SYSTEM
Centro, Lal-lo, Cagayan

1. A(-8,4) 6.F(6,0)
2. B(-2, -6) 7. G(-4, -4)
3. C(5,5) 8. H(0,0)
4. D(0, -8) 9. I(5,1)
5. E(10, -3) 10. J(9, -7)

What I Have Learned

Fill in the blanks of the appropriate element that would make the sentence correct.

1. The Rectangular Coordinate System is also termed as _______________ in


honor of the French mathematician ______________ who is known as the
“Father of Modern Mathematics.”
2. The Rectangular Coordinate Plane is composed of two perpendicular number
lines that meet at the intersection called ______ and divide the plane into
four regions called ________.

FOR LOL USE ONLY


LYCEUM OF LAL-LO, INC.
TUGUEGARAO ARCHDIOCESAN SCHOOL’S SYSTEM
Centro, Lal-lo, Cagayan

3. In an ordered pair, the first number is the x- coordinate which is also known
as the __________ and the second number is the y – coordinate which is also
known as __________.
4. The point falls in Quadrant I if it has signs (__,__), Quadrant II if (__,__),
Quadrant III if (__,__) and Quadrant IV if (__,__).
5. For more ease in plotting the points in the Cartesian Plane, start making
move from the origin either ____ or ______ in the x-axis then move _____ or
______ in the y-axis.

FOR LOL USE ONLY

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