Essential tips Setocchace neta ATs poo hing ite st sr et Sse For questions 1-8, read he tnt below ad decide which anwar (A B,C oD} best fis each ep. Tere isan example a the begining, "Mack your answers onthe saparate anauer shes example oA Be Going on a diet 1 calor & (0)... for measuring te amount of energy fod wil produce. The svorage pezon neds shout 100 cloras per doy to sty hey. Without aneoy thehoart annot.cblod trough Hood vessels andthe organs cant union. Yow Cn weight Because you consume mor esos 8 day than your body roguiet. The only way 1 1088 weight te (the marber of calorie you ongume. This ithe asi 4). behind most et (9) oes dont work for most paola Is not that they don't ose weigh hey 40, but when they go of th dt. he ls crop Back The (8)... 10 eng weight iy 0 you con se up calorie. Burieg 250 or 500 calories por dy cn (8) out how tet fw eso bg aiterence. tA Bp ean 2 toc DA own Boe Crome as A Sinlaty 8 Though Urry 8 Ato 7 A pty Bacay cmtnty aml tatwe Boe Oman 2 oiPAPER Ustening For questions 8-16, cad the text below and Wink ofthe word whic bet {99p. Use ony one word in osch gap. Thar isan example the begining I, ‘te your answors IN CAPITAL LETTERS on he separate answer shot, amt: [0 JLAINDYT | I'm not superstitious, honestly! How (pope COU uly Ay they 48 No sUpeEoUS? A eee survey ‘shows tat most 9% of peoplabllove noe sor of eupasiion 8). another ‘One othe question peopl 10)... abe whether they saw theese a ucky ‘or unlucky. Their answers tured out be the most interesting ape of hissy. Neary wos (1) nn. abe taking po sad they Beloved tat pope were atrly acy unk, Professor MorganHoward (12)... anlyaedthe rests ofthe survey, was foeinated ‘by this ring, sono wont 2 step futher anc asked these people (1)... Kind of _upeation they bleedin. (4)... he spi, ecoveradtat almost al the peopl whe roared themseWes (5)... Lekyballaved in postive supesttions, ‘They did wings t promote ther god lack, sch a crossing thee ges (16) ‘woul aa tat pole make thelr own lth by tl aude oe Essential tips Scion thruster oad pen ‘Spontonconet she ops ope Comoros Elin Fes Test 2» PAPER Rexang and Use OF Entin >> Fan 229Essential tips ‘ramp the taping (0, below Uso the word given in epitalat the end for na tn tho gop nthe same [CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet, example: [0 RTETCIEINITILIY] Wild animals Wid anima have). ade an appearance in he back ‘ferdens of Amerizan suburbs. They have cauted Haver and ave FP oo domestic pet Mountain ons that wander into suburbs are now quite and wolves have 18)... covered bb bins. you ind he 20... 0 YoU bin eared ver he garden ‘ope morning here i alin (2)... tht» boar Nobody should be parcuarysurpisedby this development (22 on under the ereumstancos, One cause te mastve expansion of 23). aan that were i and Luniatted net long ag. nation, oer he past fw docedes enum of 24 ....havebeen paced on hunting i rans wil imply have o get used thei naw neighbours. ie noth: Het Meet 29» PAPER 4 Renin an Use of Esa >> ParEssential tips Spent of chop how ‘enon 3 eoear det For questions 25-30, complete the second sestnce ao that hat a siniler meaning ‘oe st sanence, using the Word given. Be not ehange the word give. You most ‘ea baton fv and five wor, ining re word given He an exarpi exemple: (© hbo vary happy when goon oly. FORWARO ‘Tho gap can be filo by the words ooking ward going so you wit: «Example: [0] LOOKING FORWARD TO GONE ‘seen she ising words IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer shet. 25 Tha phone was cheaper than expat as The prone was coe ped 28 Why didnt you ol mot wae wrong? 27 she found we photographs wen she ws lasning her rom, She hen she was leaning herroom, Ho mB) BO nn RE? 128 "Panc don stay oul his mother ei Aske 30 Faratner not go ov tis aern00n [ie ng Fee 482 >> PAPER Reteig and Ure OF nan > Pars 54iu Exam Essentials ‘You ate gong to e8d an atl bout fein he countrys. Fr guestons 31-26 eae We hoose the aa (A, B, Cor wich ou think fs est coring fo the ts How | came to envy the country mice | have been living in London for more than 69 years, but sil, when I'm driving and tke some clever back straet short eu, leatoh myselt thinking’ hw oxtraordinary tha fe me doing thsi For a moment the town mouse Ihave become i being seen by the country mouse lused tobe. Ard although, given 1 now start | would again become s town mouse, when |v folatons in the country, envy them Recently, | stood beside freshwater ake in Norfolk, made by diverting a small iver, naar where my Bathe lives. As he was dentying some ofthe birds we could seo, in carne saven swans. They ctcloa, then the haunting sound of thar wing beats gave way to silones as they glided down for splathdown, Ie ie nota picturesque’ part ofthe coast, but i has a definite charactor of tine and light and colour "you do live ina lovely place, I sid to my brother, and he answered, "Yes, | do" There are probably ‘ow days thon he dons not pase to recognise its loveliness ae he works with his Boats he tesches {nling” or gos about his mony other ocupations ‘Te lake's crestor Isa local has been determined by thase who ovin the land: Formerly, landowners would almost certainly have ‘made such changes for their own benefit, but this tma twas done to lp preserve the wif her ‘sev tihigh is avalable for any visitor te see, providing they do nothing to disturb the birds eis evidonce Df change: country fe ls changing fast. countryside ne of the biggest changes | have witnessed i that second.hemers, together with commuters, have come to be aezepted asa vital part ofthe county stene. And the men and women wo service their ‘arm, cig their gardens, lay heir carpate and do sll the other thinge they need are vital to modern coungry Ife Ite uit likely thet the children of today's workers may be moving Into the some kind Sf jobs ae the second homers and the retired. Both the children of a countey woman tanow sre st University, sn she hersel, now that they have lft home, s working towards @ university degre. Much depends, of course, on the part ofthe countryside you are living in and on personality - your fawn and that of our neighbours. In my brothers Norfolk vege, secta Ife soome cezying to 2 tlondoner: a adtion to dropping in on neighbours, people throw an attand partes far more ofton than we do. My brothers wife Maty and her fiends are always going inte Norwich fora concert or to King’s Lynn for an exhibition, The boring country Ie that peopl from erties talk about a thing ofthe past ~ of porhape it was always matnly In thelr mings. This is very unlike living i a London street for 50 years and only knowing the names of four other residents n these 60 years ave mede only one real Hlend among them. do enjoy my Ife, and Mary ‘ays tht she sometimes envies it (the grase an the other side atthe fence.) but whenever | go" Norfolk end up feting thatthe lives of country mice are more admiable tan my ov [32 cambvkne Enon Free Test 2»> PAPER Rescng ana Use of Engin >Essential tips" "sors sseateurn ewe > Atermang ne tat or 1 tofnd hese diving though bok aret erlang fxd BB thatehe nas been nto ty for sang. Scene oe {© toroaise now much sho nae got vodto lig ia London Seen tamale thatse vs nthe cy when she pfs the court. 22 The stosphars cra teeta 4 moving ears © Nahai » Lost wey eee ‘swords i the four options. > =. eee eres GeiceActarwcrr me | 32 What door Wining Srferio? ‘y ragh ae seenetePawae ae 1B the fact hatte lke belongs te andowner hare {the reaton forthe andownors actor the fact hat wife now nea to ba reserved storey bua nin tn ll th ear Se hm ot Sototans eres iopiosinnate ‘many of tem hve bean in ha county or ong time is ots boring ab people ees thnk iti © isnot atecte by your nghbours. is away ess excng than if in tha cy 36 Wine do wees about the writers atte o Landon inthe a araraph? ‘She hs roped moving to Landon tether very erento county For the Glossary se page «7 ‘ambrige ERD Fest Tes¢2»> PAPER Reap and Use oF Engh» Por's 38Exam Essentials ‘You aa going to rend an anil sbout the evolution of hand, Six seatences Nave ron remove rom the arle. Chose rom the snteneesA-G th ane which ts ‘seh gp (9742), Thre is one extra soniance which you do nt need oe ark your onewers onthe separete answer sheet. Our amazing hands ‘The hand ie where the mind maets the world. We use ‘our hands to build fires, to steer airplanes, to writ, The human brsin, with its open-ended eretivity, ‘may be the thing that makes our species unique. But ‘without hands, all the grand ideas we think up would ‘ome to nothing ‘The reason we can use our hands fr so many things Is thei extraordinary anatomy. [37] | Some are connected to bones within the hand, while thers snake their way to the arm. The wrist i a flosting Group of bones and ligaments threaded with biood ‘vessels and nerves, The nerves send branches into ach fingertip. The hand can gonerate fina forces or huge ones. A watchmaker can use his hands to set springs in place under a microscope. A sportaman can tse the same anatomy to throw ® ball st over 100 Kiometrs an hour Ctner species have hands too. [3] —] In other casos we have to look closer. & bat's wings may look Tike sheets of skin. But underneath, 2 bat has tho same five fingers as ¢ human, es wall as @ wrist connected to the same cluster of wrist bones connected tothe samme long bones of the ae, In exploring how hands have evolved, researchers lover the past 150 years have dug up fossils on every continent. They've compared the anatomy of hands in living animals. They've studied tho genes that bull hands. appears that our hands began to evolve at least 380 milion years ago from fing ~ not the flat, 4 comorioe Ensen ridged fins ofa goatish but the muscular, stout fs of ‘extinct relatives of today’s lungfish. nse these were fow chunky Lones coresponding tothe bones in our ‘ems.[ 39] |The digits ator merged and became Separate, allowing the animale to grip underwater ‘vogetaton as they clambered through [WO] some species had seven fingers. Others had {ht But by the time vertebrates were walking around fon dry land 300 milion years ago, the hand hed been Scaled back te only five fingers. that retained that fhumber of fingers ever since ~ for reasons scans lon’ yet know. Nevertheless, there ae sill many diffrent typos of hhandsin living species, from dolphin flippers te eagle wings tothe hanging hooks of lath. [at | | They an also see tat despite the outward aiferonces, al thands stor ott in much the same way, There network of many gones that builds a hand, and all Fhands aro bul by variations on that same network It takes nly suatl changes In these ganes to make fingers longer orto urn nails into clows. ‘The discovery of the molecular toolbox for hand ‘bullaing has gven scents» deeper understanding of ‘evolution may ust be alte more of one protein here, ite les of another there. Inthe past, Sclntets cou recognise ony the outward signs that hands had evolved from & common ancestor Today scientists re ncovering the inward signs 9 wall(ver time, smaller ones developed that would ‘eventually became wrists and tngers ‘Although a vuture's wing and lion's paw ‘ay appear to hava nothing in comman, the iferance between thom may come down to ‘Thay also use them for a numberof diferent purposes. No one would doubt thatthe five fingers a the ‘ond of an orangutan’s arm are part of anything oe Essential tips aah ain ram wich pap nee bn (roped ptt per as RSS compra pea or ° fala on any tar snd or ass a E By studying these, scientists ae beginning to Understand ths moleclarchangos that led 10 ‘eh dramatic variations FF The thumb alne is contralld by nine seperate muscle Early hands wore more exotic than any hand today Sates Ty tna pone tater sie hi ne in he utero ar the ‘orn gop wo so ty rt? For the Glossary se page 47 Combos Ele: Fest Test 2>> PAPER + Rang and Us of Ertan» Pat © 35uid 3 ee ‘You ate gong to ead an atl bout he acti organized by four shoal for EnvironmantalAvrenses Day. For questons 42-52 chore am th school (AD ‘Mor your answers onthe separate ansver shat. Which school became beter known ser Environmental ArencesO3y? ‘rode eine information abou the enronmant? sth » space t giv a tak? ‘alan money hep a organisation? cxgnised ari to study animals by th 0? carved ou prlet about endangered atials an pars? ranged ton plain and eal reece? cdot protect oa storia te? ‘a ocated in the cate of the cy? ABR ABABABE Essential tips > eae an i rant wh Maio and wh he For the Glossary se page 47> 36 cambvkoe Eee Yem'2 >> PAPER Reasng and Ute oF Engin SeEnvironmental Awareness Day A. Plumpton High School This schoo decidedtoarngea vetiety of ecivies, some slmed st sohievlng a better understanding Gf environmental problems, and others designed to bo of practical help. For instanca, the school ‘magezine brought out @ special edition on the Subject full of icles and stories where. pups expressed thar felings about the throats facing fur environmant. in another attempt to id cut for themselves how serious these tests realy tr, the pups deeded to study the problem of Baluton by making a suvay, run by the sconce ‘eparment into ar poltion inthe lca shopping tonte. The school algo held a sponsored walk and FRanded over nearly £100 tothe World Wide Fund {or Nature, Pups propared a campaign to ban cars from the city corre and reduce vate congestion. ‘They gained @ ft of pubic forthe schoo! by {ling through the ety ane handing out behest bout the benefits of etna and waking B Cresswell College ‘The staff and students at Cresawll Collage held @ meeting and dacusced 2 numberof suggestions. ‘The most popular suggostion tunod out to bo the moet practical one; was_decided thatthe focal Srvironment should be bightoned up. Teams wore Sant out to pant lowers and young tees an areas Of land in the neighbourhoed. Senior students ‘monitored the progress. of species tveatoned with txtntion and prepared report on thelr rings. Fens hopes tht thes would help pubbelse the problem A leading expert on wil bide was vied fo-come and ive a take about the dangers faced by theee creatures. He explained the importance of the fod chain and aed people to suppor lea © Grayner institute ‘This school had already been Involved in, some projects connacted with the environment, though Aatralyefots wera increesad for Environmental ‘Awareness Dn. For the last to years the school had been’ suuying the sffects of vetations In tis pattems round the word and how these an affect wife. Alm about those magnificent marine mammals, whales, which was shown tthe \wholo school as fat of Environmontal Awaronoss ‘Day, wasrocoved with grat enthusiasm by pupil. Morecth Simmare ws invited eo talk bout how polltion can destroy buildings in the region Follow tat pupils decided to aunch seampaign for the restoration of the motioval square in the ‘iy contre and aakod lea! authorities to Suppo ‘hom finely D Halliwell Academy The pupils at this inner-city secondary schoo fatt that the bast way to mark Environmontal ‘waranest Day would be to help people the fata understand how important the environment ‘S'to thom. Ono suggestion that was grooted with tnthusiagm was to moasure the levels of noe Stanloy Rood a buoy local shopping stest The Information wat than placed on’ 3 webste that tho school adored In order to give them a thane tose for themselves the. problems fing ‘Some loca steels, the school took pups tothe Coastal marshes of Easton. Many pupils reported Sterwerds het they hed never ealised Now tribe the fects of polation could be on coastal wide