Past Papers Worksheet Differentiation IGCSE Add Math 0606

Gradient of function at any point

Input 𝑥 𝑑𝑦/𝑑𝑥 output m

or f’(𝑥)

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Differentiation of power functions
𝑑𝑦
if 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑛 , then 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑛𝑥 𝑛−1
𝑑[𝑓(𝑥)]𝑛
= 𝑛𝑓(𝑥)𝑛−1 × 𝑓′(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
Scalar Multiplication Rule
𝑑 𝑑
[𝑘𝑓(𝑥)] = 𝑘 [𝑓(𝑥)] = 𝑘𝑓′(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Addition/ Subtraction Rule
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
[𝑓(𝑥) ± 𝑔(𝑥)] = [𝑓(𝑥)] ± [𝑔(𝑥)] = 𝑓′(𝑥) ± 𝑔′(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

The Chain Rule / Differentiation of composite functions

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧
If 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑧) and 𝑧 = 𝑔(𝑥), then = ×
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
Or 𝑦 = 𝑓[𝑔(𝑥)] then 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑓 ′ [𝑔(𝑥)] × 𝑔′(𝑥)
The Product Rule
𝑑
[𝑓(𝑥)𝑔(𝑥)] = 𝑓′(𝑥)𝑔(𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑥)𝑔′(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
The Quotient Rule
𝑑 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)𝑔(𝑥) − 𝑓(𝑥)𝑔′(𝑥)
[ ]=
𝑑𝑥 𝑔(𝑥) [𝑔(𝑥)]2

3
d
1. Find d𝑥 (5𝑥 2 + 4)2 [2]
𝟏
0606/11/O/N/18 Q8) 1𝟓𝒙(𝟓𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒)𝟐
2
d
2. Find d𝑥 (5𝑥 2 − 125)3 [2]
𝟏
𝟐𝟎 −
0606/12/O/N/18 Q6) 𝟑
𝒙(𝟓𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐𝟓) 𝟑

1
d
3. Find d𝑥 (3𝑥 2 + 4)3 . [2]
 𝟐
−
0606/13/M/J/21 Q2)(b)(i) 𝟐𝒙(𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒) 𝟑

d 5
4. Find d𝑥 (3𝑥+2). [2]
0606/21/O/N/17 Q5)(i) −𝟓(𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐)−𝟐 × 𝟑
3
d
5. Find d𝑥 (𝑥(2𝑥 − 1)2 ) [3]
𝟏 𝟑
0606/12/F/M/16 Q10(i) 𝟑𝒙(𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏)𝟐 + (𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏)𝟐
1
(5𝑥 2 +4)2 d𝑦
6. It is given that 𝑦 = 𝑥+1
. Showing all your working, find the exact value of d𝑥
when 𝑥 = 3.
[5]
𝟏𝟏
0606/12/M/J/17 Q2)
𝟏𝟏𝟐
d𝑦 𝐴𝑥 2 +𝐵𝑥+𝐶
7. Given that 𝑦 = (𝑥 2 − 1)√5𝑥 + 2, show that d𝑥
= 2√5𝑥+2
, where 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝐶 are integers. [5]
𝐝𝒚 𝟐𝟓𝒙𝟐 +𝟖𝒙−𝟓
0606/12/M/J/20 Q7(a) 𝐝𝒙 =
𝟐√𝟓𝒙+𝟐
d𝑦 𝐴𝑥+𝐵
8. (a) Given that 𝑦 = 𝑥 √𝑥 + 2, show that d𝑥
=2 , where 𝐴 and 𝐵 are constants. [5]
√𝑥+2
𝐝𝒚 𝟑𝒙+𝟒
0606/13/M/J/20 Q10) (a) 𝐝𝒙 = 𝟐√𝒙+𝟐
9. A curve has equation 𝑦 = (2𝑥 − 1)√4𝑥 + 3.
d𝑦 4(𝐴𝑥+𝐵)
Show that d𝑥
= , where 𝐴 and 𝐵 are constants. [5]
√4𝑥+3
𝐝𝒚 𝟒(𝟑𝒙+𝟏)
0606/12/O/N/20 Q9(a)
𝐝𝒙
= 𝟏
(𝟒𝒙+𝟑)𝟐
d𝑦 𝑎𝑥 2 +𝑏
10. (i) Given that 𝑦 = 𝑥√𝑥 2 + 1, show that d𝑥
= (𝑥 2 +1)𝑝, where 𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑝 are positive constants.
[4]
𝐝𝒚 𝟐𝒙𝟐 +𝟏
0606/22/F/M/19 Q7)(i) [ =] 𝟏
𝐝𝒙
(𝒙𝟐 +𝟏)𝟐
1
11. It is given that 𝑦 = (𝑥 2 + 1)(2𝑥 − 3) . 2

d𝑦 𝑃𝑥 2 +𝑄𝑥+1
Show that d𝑥
= 1 , where 𝑃 and 𝑄 are integers. [5]
(2𝑥−3)2
𝟓𝒙𝟐 −𝟔𝒙+𝟏
0606/11/M/J/19 Q11) (ii) = 𝟏
(𝟐𝒙−𝟑)𝟐
3𝑥 3 −1
12. The function f(𝑥) is given by f(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 +1 for 0 ⩽ 𝑥 ⩽ 3.
𝑘𝑥 2
Show that f ′ (𝑥) = (𝑥3 +1)2, where 𝑘 is a constant to be determined. [3]
𝟏𝟐𝒙𝟐
0606/21/O/N/16 Q8(i) = (𝒙𝟑
+𝟏)𝟐
3
(2𝑥 2 +10)2
13. A curve has equation 𝑦 = 𝑥−1
for 𝑥 > 1.
1
d𝑦 (2𝑥 2 +10)2
Show that can be written in the form (𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶), where 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝐶 are
d𝑥 (𝑥−1)2
integers. [5]
𝟏
(𝟐𝒙𝟐 +𝟏𝟎)𝟐
0606/12/F/M/21 Q10) (a) ( (𝒙−𝟏)𝟐
) (𝟒𝒙𝟐 − 𝟔𝒙 − 𝟏𝟎)
 1
(𝑥 2 −5)3
14. A curve has equation 𝑦 = 𝑥+1
for 𝑥 > −1.
d𝑦 𝐴𝑥 2 +𝐵𝑥+𝐶
Show that = 2 where 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝐶 are integers. [6]
d𝑥
3(𝑥+1)2 (𝑥 2 −5)3
−𝒙𝟐 +𝟐𝒙+𝟏𝟓
0606/13/O/N/21 Q11) (a) 𝟐
𝟑(𝒙+𝟏)𝟐 (𝒙𝟐 −𝟓)𝟑

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Derivatives of trigonometric functions

𝑑 𝑑
𝑑𝑥
(sin𝑥) = cos𝑥 and 𝑑𝑥 sin[𝑓(𝑥)] = cos[f(𝑥)] × 𝑓′(𝑥) →
𝑑
[sin(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)] = cos[(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)] × 𝑎
𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑
(cos𝑥) = −sin𝑥 and cos[𝑓(𝑥)] = −sin[f(𝑥)] × 𝑓′(𝑥) →
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑
[cos(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)] = −sin[(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)] × 𝑎
𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑
𝑑𝑥
(tan𝑥) = sec 2 𝑥 and 𝑑𝑥 tan[f(𝑥)] = sec 2 [𝑓(𝑥)] × 𝑓′(𝑥) →
𝑑
𝑑𝑥
tan(ax + b) = sec 2 [𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏] × 𝑎

15. Differentiate 𝑦 = tan(3𝑥 + 1) with respect to 𝑥. [2]

0606/22/F/M/21 Q11(b)(i) 𝟑𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟐 (𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏)
𝑥
16. Differentiate 1 + tan (3) with respect to 𝑥. [2]
𝟏 𝒙
0606/22/F/M/18 Q6(i) 𝟑 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟐 (𝟑)
17. Differentiate 𝑦 = tan(𝑥 + 4) − 3sin𝑥 with respect to 𝑥. [2]
0606/23/M/J/20 Q8)(a) 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟐 (𝒙 + 𝟒) − 𝟑𝐜𝐨𝐬𝒙
18. Differentiate, with respect to 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑥sin4𝑥. [2]
0606/22/M/J/21 Q10(b)(i) 𝟒𝒙𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟒𝒙 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟒𝒙
19. A curve has equation 𝑦 = 𝑥cos 𝑥.
d𝑦
Find d𝑥
[2]
0606/23/O/N/20 Q7)(a) −𝒙𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙
20. Differentiate sin𝑥cos𝑥 with respect to 𝑥, giving your answer in terms of sin𝑥. [3]
0606/22/F/M/15 Q4(i) 𝟏 − 𝟐𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝒙
𝑥
21. Differentiate tan 3𝑥cos 2 with respect to 𝑥. [4]
𝟏 𝒙 𝒙
0606/23/M/J/19 Q2) − 𝟐 (𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐) 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟑(𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟐 𝟑𝒙)𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐
22. Differentiate with respect to 𝑥 4𝑥tan𝑥, [2]
0606/21/M/J/18 Q7)(i) 𝟒𝐭𝐚𝐧𝒙 + 𝟒𝒙𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟐 𝒙
23. Differentiate with respect to 𝑥, (1 + 4𝑥)10 cos 𝑥, [4]
0606/23/M/J/17 Q7(i) (𝟏 + 𝟒𝒙)𝟏𝟎 (−𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙) + 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝒙(𝟒𝟎(𝟏 + 𝟒𝒙)𝟗 )
24. Differentiate 𝑥 4 (√sin 𝑥) with respect to 𝑥. [4]
 𝟏
𝟏
0606/22/M/J/18 Q9(i)) 𝟒𝒙𝟑 √𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 + 𝒙𝟒 (𝟐 (𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙)−𝟐 (𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙))
d2 𝑦 d𝑦
25. Given that 𝑦 = 2sin3𝑥 + cos3𝑥, show that d𝑥 2
+ d𝑥
+ 3𝑦 = 𝑘sin3𝑥, where 𝑘 is a constant to
be determined.
0606/22/O/N/19 Q2) k = -15
1
26. Given that f(𝑥) = cos 𝑥 show that f ′ (𝑥) = tan𝑥sec 𝑥. [3]
0606/23/M/J/20 Q7)
d sin 𝑥 1
27. Show that d𝑥 (1+cos 𝑥) = 1+cos 𝑥. [4]
0606/23/O/N/16 Q3(i)
2+sin 3𝑥
28. A curve has equation 𝑦 = 𝑥+1
.
d𝑦 𝜋 𝑘
Show that the exact value of at the point where 𝑥 = can be written as 2 , where 𝑘 is an
d𝑥 6 𝜋
( +1)
6
integer. [5]
0606/21/O/N/21 Q3)(a) k=-3
tan 3𝑥
29. It is given that 𝑦 = sin 𝑥 .
𝑑𝑦 𝜋
Find the exact value of when 𝑥 = . [4]
𝑑𝑥 3
0606/11/O/N/20 Q4) (a) 𝟐√𝟑
30. It is given that 𝑦 = 3tan2 𝑥 for 0∘ < 𝑥 < 360∘.
d𝑦
(a) Show that = 𝑚tan𝑥sec 2 𝑥 where 𝑚 is an integer to be found. [2]
d𝑥
d𝑦
(b) Find all values of 𝑥 such that d𝑥
= 3sec𝑥cosec𝑥. [5]
0606/21/O/N/21 Q5) (b) 35.3 , 215.3, 144.7, 324.7
31. It is given that 𝑦 = tan𝑥 + 6sin 𝑥.
𝑑𝑦
(i) Find 𝑑𝑥. [2]
d𝑦
(ii) If d𝑥
= 7 show that 6cos3 𝑥 − 7cos 2 𝑥 + 1 = 0. [2]
d𝑦
(iii) Hence solve the equation d𝑥
= 7 for 0 ⩽ 𝑥 ⩽ 𝜋 radians. [2]
𝟐 𝝅
0606/22/O/N/17 Q10(ii) 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒙 + 𝟔𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 (iv) 𝒙 = 𝟎, 𝟏. 𝟎𝟓 ( or 𝟑 ) , 𝟏. 𝟗𝟏

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Derivatives of logarithmic functions

𝑑 1 𝑑 1 𝑑 1
ln(𝑥) = and ln[𝑓(𝑥)] = × 𝑓′(𝑥) → ln[𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏] = ×𝑎
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 𝑎𝑥+𝑏

32. It is given that 𝑦 = (10𝑥 + 2)ln(5𝑥 + 1).

d𝑦
Find d𝑥
. [4]
𝐝𝒚 𝟓
0606/13/M/J/17 Q10(i) 𝐝𝒙 = (𝟏𝟎𝒙 + 𝟐) × 𝟓𝒙+𝟏 + 𝟏𝟎𝐥𝐧(𝟓𝒙 + 𝟏)
33. Differentiate (𝑥 2 + 3)ln(𝑥 2 + 3) with respect to 𝑥. [3]
𝒅𝒚 𝟐𝒙
0606/13/O/N/19 Q5) 𝒅𝒙 = (𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑) (𝒙𝟐+𝟑) + 𝟐𝒙𝐥𝐧(𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑)
 d
34. Show that d𝑥 [0.4𝑥 5 (0.2 − ln 5𝑥)] = 𝑘𝑥 4 ln 5𝑥, where 𝑘 is an integer to be found. [2]
0606/22/M/J/17 Q5(i) −𝟐𝒙𝟒 𝐥𝐧 𝟓𝒙
𝑥
d𝑦
35. Given that 𝑦 = ln𝑥 , find d𝑥
. [3]
𝐝𝒚 𝐥𝐧 𝒙−𝟏
0606/22/F/M/17 Q9(b)(i) 𝐝𝒙 = (𝐥𝐧 𝒙)𝟐
d ln 𝑥 1−3ln 𝑥
36. Show that d𝑥 ( 𝑥 3 ) = 𝑥 4 . [3]
𝟏
𝐝 𝐥𝐧 𝒙 𝒙𝟑 × −𝟑𝒙𝟐 𝐥𝐧 𝒙
𝒙
0606/23/O/N/17 Q9)(i) 𝐝𝒙 ( 𝒙𝟑 ) = 𝒙𝟔
ln(2𝑥 3 +5)
37. It is given that 𝑦 = 𝑥−1
for 𝑥 > 1.
d𝑦
Find the value of when 𝑥 = 2. You must show all your working. [4]
d𝑥
𝐝𝒚 𝟐𝟒 𝟖
0606/13/M/J/19 Q4)(i) 𝐝𝒙 = 𝟐𝟏 − 𝐥𝐧 𝟐𝟏 or 𝟕
− 𝐥𝐧 𝟐𝟏, or − 𝟏. 𝟗𝟎
ln(3𝑥 2 +2) 𝑑𝑦
38. Given that 𝑦 = , find the value of when 𝑥 = 2, giving your answer as 𝑎 + 𝑏ln 14,
𝑥 2 +1 𝑑𝑥
where 𝑎 and 𝑏 are fractions in their simplest form. [6]
𝟔 𝟒
0606/12/O/N/17 Q4) 𝟑𝟓 − 𝟐𝟓 𝐥𝐧 𝟏𝟒
d
39. Find
d𝑥
(ln(3𝑥 2 − 11)) [2]
𝟔𝒙
0606/13/O/N/16 Q6) 𝟑𝒙𝟐−𝟏𝟏
ln 𝑥
40. Two variables 𝑥 and 𝑦 are such that 𝑦 = 𝑥3
for 𝑥 > 0.
d𝑦 1−3ln 𝑥
Show that d𝑥
= 𝑥4
. [3]
𝐝𝒚 𝟏−𝟑𝐥𝐧 𝒙
0606/21/M/J/19 Q2) (i) 𝐝𝒙 = 𝒙𝟒
sin 𝑥 d𝑦
41. Given that 𝑦 = ln𝑥 2
, find an expression for d𝑥
. [4]
𝟐
(𝐥𝐧 𝒙𝟐 )𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙−(𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙)(𝒙)
0606/22/M/J/19 Q1) (𝐥𝐧 𝒙𝟐 )𝟐
42. It is given that 𝑦 = ln(1 + sin𝑥) for 0 < 𝑥 < 𝜋.
d𝑦
(a) Find d𝑥
. [2]
d𝑦 𝜋 1
(b) Find the value of d𝑥
when 𝑥 = 6 , giving your answer in the form , where 𝑎 is an integer.
√𝑎
[2]
d𝑦
(c) Find the values of 𝑥 for which d𝑥
= tan𝑥. [5]
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 𝟏 𝝅 𝟓𝝅
0606/23/O/N/20 Q4) (a) 𝟏+𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 (b) (c) 𝒙 = 𝟔
and 𝒙 = 𝟔
√𝟑

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Derivatives of exponential functions
𝑑 𝑥 𝑥 𝑑 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑 𝑎𝑥+𝑏
𝑑𝑥
𝑒 =𝑒 and 𝑑𝑥
𝑒 = 𝑒 𝑓(𝑥) × 𝑓′(𝑥) → 𝑑𝑥
𝑒 = 𝑒 𝑎𝑥+𝑏 × 𝑎

43. The equation of a curve is given by 𝑦 = 𝑥e−2𝑥 .

d𝑦
Find d𝑥
. [3]
0606/21/O/N/19 Q8) 𝐞−𝟐𝒙 (𝟏 − 𝟐𝒙)
 d
44. Find d𝑥 (𝑥 2 e3𝑥 ). [3]
0606/13/M/J/21 Q2) (a) 𝒙𝟐 (𝟑𝐞𝟑𝒙 ) + 𝟐𝒙𝐞𝟑𝒙
d 2 2
45. Given that d𝑥 (e2−𝑥 ) = 𝑘𝑥e2−𝑥 , state the value of 𝑘. [1]
𝟐
0606/23/O/N/15 Q10(i) −𝟐𝒙𝐞𝟐−𝒙
d e3𝑥 (𝑝𝑥+𝑞)
46. Show that d𝑥 (e3𝑥 √4𝑥 + 1) can be written in the form , where 𝑝 and 𝑞 are integers to
√4𝑥+1
be found. [5]
𝐞𝟑𝒙
0606/12/M/J/16 Q6) 𝟏 (𝟏𝟐𝒙 + 𝟓)
(𝟒𝒙+𝟏)𝟐
47. Do not use a calculator in this question.
d e4𝑥
Show that d𝑥 ( 4
− 𝑥e4𝑥 ) = 𝑝𝑥e4𝑥 , where 𝑝 is an integer to be found. [4]
0606/11/M/J/16 Q5)(i) −𝟒𝒙𝒆𝟒𝒙
48. Differentiate with respect to 𝑥
𝑒 3𝑥+1
[3]
𝑥 2 −1
(𝒙𝟐 −𝟏)(𝟑𝐞𝟑𝒙+𝟏 )−𝟐𝒙𝐞𝟑𝒙+𝟏
0606/21/M/J/18 Q7) (ii) (𝒙𝟐 −𝟏)𝟐
e2x−3 d𝑦
49. (a) Given that 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 +1 , find d𝑥. [3]
𝐝𝒚 𝟐𝐞𝟐𝒙−𝟑 𝟐𝒙𝐞𝟐𝒙−𝟑
0606/13/O/N/20 Q2(a) = (𝒙𝟐 − (𝒙𝟐 𝟐
𝐝𝒙 +𝟏) +𝟏)
e3𝑥 d𝑦
50. Given that 𝑦 = 2 , find . [3]
4𝑥 +1 d𝑥
𝒅𝒚 𝟑𝒆𝟑𝒙 𝟖𝒙𝒆𝟑𝒙
0606/11/M/J/17 Q10(a) = 𝟐 − (𝟒𝒙𝟐 𝟐
𝒅𝒙 𝟒𝒙 +𝟏 +𝟏)
51. Differentiate with respect to 𝑥,
e4𝑥−5
tan 𝑥
. [4]
𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙(𝟒𝐞𝟒𝒙−𝟓 )−𝐞𝟒𝒙−𝟓 (𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟐 𝒙)
0606/23/M/J/17 Q7(ii) (𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙)𝟐

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Small Increments and Approximations

For a small change, 𝛿𝑥, in the independent

variable 𝑥, the gradient of the secant between
𝐴 and 𝐵 will be approximately the gradient
of the tangent at 𝐴.
𝛿𝑦 𝑑𝑦
Hence, ≈
𝛿𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
Therefore, 𝛿𝑦 ≈ × 𝛿𝑥
𝑑𝑥
 d𝑦
52. (i) Given that 𝑦 = (12 − 4𝑥)5 , find d𝑥
. [2]
(ii) Hence find the approximate change in 𝑦 as 𝑥 increases from 0.5 to 0.5 + 𝑝, where 𝑝 is small.
[2]
0606/23/O/N/11 Q2)(i) −𝟐𝟎(𝟏𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙)𝟒 (ii) −𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒑
1 8 d𝑦
53. (i) Given that 𝑦 = (4 𝑥 − 5) , find d𝑥
. [2]
(ii) Hence find the approximate change in 𝑦 as 𝑥 increases from 12 to 12 + 𝑝, where 𝑝 is small.
[2]
𝟏 𝟕
0606/21/O/N/13 Q3)(i) 𝟐 ( 𝒙 − 𝟓) (ii)-256p
𝟒
10
54. The two variables 𝑥 and 𝑦 are such that 𝑦 = (𝑥+4)3.
d𝑦
(i) Find an expression for d𝑥
. [2]
(ii) Hence find the approximate change in 𝑦 as 𝑥 increases from 6 to 6 + 𝑝, where 𝑝 is small. [2]
−𝟑
0606/23/O/N/10 Q1)(i)−𝟑𝟎(𝒙 + 𝟒)−𝟒 , (ii) −𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝒑 or 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝒑
5
55. Two variables 𝑥 and 𝑦 are such that 𝑦 = for 𝑥 > 9.
√𝑥−9
d𝑦
(i) Find an expression for d𝑥
. [2]
(ii) Hence, find the approximate change in 𝑦 as 𝑥 increases from 13 to 13 + ℎ, where ℎ is small.
[2]
𝟑
𝐝𝒚
0606/22/F/M/16 Q1) (i) 𝐝𝒙 = 𝒌(𝒙 − 𝟗)−𝟐 (ii) −𝟎. 𝟑𝟏𝟐𝟓𝒉
1
56. (i) Differentiate 𝑦 = (3𝑥 2 − 1)−3 with respect to 𝑥. [2]
(ii) Find the approximate change in 𝑦 as 𝑥 increases from √3 to √3 + 𝑝, where 𝑝 is small.
[1]
1
(iii) Find the equation of the normal to the curve 𝑦 = (3𝑥 2 − 1)−3 at the point where
𝑥 = √3. [3]
𝟒
𝐝𝒚 𝟏 − √𝟑
0606/13/O/N/19 Q3)(i) 𝐝𝒙 = − 𝟑 × 𝟔𝒙(𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏) 𝟑 (ii) − 𝟖
𝒑 or − 𝟎. 𝟐𝟏𝟕𝒑 (iii) Normal: 𝒚 −
𝟏 𝟖
𝟐
= (𝒙 − √𝟑)
√𝟑
5𝑥−1
57. Variables 𝑥 and 𝑦 are related by the equation 𝑦 = 3−𝑥
.
d𝑦
(i) Find d𝑥
, simplifying your answer. [2]
(ii) Hence find the approximate change in 𝑥 when 𝑦 increases from 9 by the small amount 0.07.
[3]
𝐝𝒚 𝟏𝟒
0606/22/M/J/16 Q2)(i) [𝐝𝒙 =] 𝒙𝟐−𝟔𝒙+𝟗 (ii)0.005
58. A curve has equation 𝑦 = 6𝑥 − 𝑥√𝑥.
(i) Find the coordinates of the stationary point of the curve. [4]
(ii) Determine the nature of this stationary point. [2]
(iii) Find the approximate change in 𝑦 when 𝑥 increases from 4 to 4 + ℎ, where ℎ is small.
[3]
0606/13/M/J/17 Q11) (i) 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟔, 𝒚 = 𝟑𝟐 (ii) second derivative is negative so a maximum
point (iii)3h
 5
59. It is given that 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 4)(3𝑥 − 1)3 .
2
d𝑦
(i) Show that d𝑥
= (3𝑥 − 1)3 (𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵), where 𝐴 and 𝐵 are integers to be found. [5]
(ii) Hence find, in terms of ℎ, where ℎ is small, the approximate change in 𝑦 when 𝑥 increases
from 3 to 3 + ℎ. [3]
𝟐
0606/13/O/N/17 Q8)(i) (𝟑𝒙 − 𝟏)𝟑 (𝟖𝒙 − 𝟐𝟏) (ii) 𝛛𝒚 = 𝟏𝟐𝒉
𝑥2
60. Given that 𝑦 = cos 4𝑥 find
d𝑦
(i) d𝑥
[3]
𝜋 𝜋
(ii) the approximate change in 𝑦 when 𝑥 increases from 4 to 4 + 𝑝, where 𝑝 is small. [2]
𝟐𝒙𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟒𝒙−𝒙𝟐 (−𝟒𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟒𝒙)
𝒅𝒚 𝝅
0606/11/O/N/12 Q5) (i) 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 𝟒𝒙
(ii) 𝛛𝒚 ≈ 𝟐 𝒑, −𝟏. 𝟓𝟕𝒑
sin 𝑥
61. Variables 𝑥 and 𝑦 are such that 𝑦 = cos 𝑥. Using differentiation, find the approximate change in
𝜋 𝜋
𝑦 as 𝑥 increases from − 4 to ℎ − 4 , where ℎ is small. [4]
0606/23/M/J/21 Q4) 2h
tan 3𝑥
62. It is given that 𝑦 = sin 𝑥 .
𝑑𝑦 𝜋
(a) Find the exact value of 𝑑𝑥 when 𝑥 = 3 . [4]
𝜋 𝜋
(b) Hence find the approximate change in 𝑦 as 𝑥 increases from 3 to 3 + ℎ, where ℎ is small. [1]
(c) Given that 𝑥 is increasing at the rate of 3 units per second, find the corresponding rate of
𝜋
change in 𝑦 when 𝑥 = 3 , giving your answer in its simplest surd form.[2]
𝒅𝒚 𝐝𝒚
0606/11/O/N/20 Q4)(a) 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟐√𝟑 (b) 𝟐√𝟑𝒉 (c) 𝐝𝒕
= 𝟔√𝟑
ln(3𝑥 2 −5)
63. A curve has equation 𝑦 = 2𝑥+1
for 3𝑥 2 > 5.
(a) Find the equation of the normal to the curve at the point where 𝑥 = √2. [6]
(b) Find the approximate change in 𝑦 as 𝑥 increases from √2 to √2 + ℎ, where ℎ is small. [1]
0606/12/O/N/20 Q7)(a) 𝑦 = −𝟎. 𝟒𝟓𝟏𝒙 + 𝟎. 𝟔𝟑𝟖 (b) 𝟐. 𝟐𝟐𝒉 oe
64. Variables 𝑥 and 𝑦 are such that 𝑦 = sin 𝑥 + e−𝑥 . Use differentiation to find the approximate
𝜋 𝜋
change in 𝑦 as 𝑥 increases from 4 to 4 + ℎ, where ℎ is small. [4]
0606/22/M/J/20 Q1) 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓𝟏𝐡
65. Variables 𝑥 and 𝑦 are related by the equation 𝑦 = 5𝑥 + 2 − 4e−𝑥 .
d𝑦
(i) Find d𝑥
. [2]
(ii) Hence find the approximate change in 𝑦 when 𝑥 increases from 0 to 𝑝, where 𝑝 is small. [2]
𝐝𝒚
0606/11/M/J/10 Q9(a)(i) = 𝟓 + 𝟒𝐞−𝒙 (ii) 𝒅𝒚 ≈ 𝟗𝒑
𝐝𝒙
𝑥
66. Variables 𝑥 and 𝑦 are such that 𝑦 = e2 + 𝑥cos 2𝑥, where 𝑥 is in radians. Use differentiation to
find the approximate change in 𝑦 as 𝑥 increases from 1 to 1 + ℎ, where ℎ is small. [6]
𝐝𝒚 𝟏 𝒙
0606/21/M/J/21 Q6) [𝐝𝒙 =] 𝟐 𝐞𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝒙 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝒙 , 𝜹𝒚 = −𝟏. 𝟒𝟏[𝟎𝟑 … ]𝒉
2
67. It is given that 𝑦 = (1 + e𝑥 )(𝑥 + 5).
d𝑦
(i) Find d𝑥
. [3]
(ii) Find the approximate change in 𝑦 as 𝑥 increases from 0.5 to 0.5 + 𝑝, where 𝑝 is small.
[2]
 (iii) Given that 𝑦 is increasing at a rate of 2 units per second when 𝑥 = 0.5, find the
corresponding rate of change in 𝑥. [2]
𝐝𝒚 𝟐 𝟐 𝐝𝒙
0606/12/O/N/19 Q7)(i) 𝐝𝒙 = (𝐞𝒙 + 𝟏) + 𝟐𝒙𝐞𝒙 (𝒙 + 𝟓) (ii) 𝟗. 𝟑𝟓𝒑 (iii) 𝐝𝒕 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟏𝟒
1
68. The variables 𝑥 and 𝑦 are such that 𝑦 = ln(3𝑥 − 1) for 𝑥 > 3.
d𝑦
(i) Find d𝑥
. [2]
(ii) Hence find the approximate change in 𝑥 when 𝑦 increases from ln(1.2) to ln(1.2) + 0.125.
[3]
𝟏
0606/21/M/J/18 Q2) (i) 𝟑 × 𝟑𝒙−𝟏 (ii) 0.05
69. The variables 𝑥 and 𝑦 are such that 𝑦 = ln(𝑥 2 + 1).
d𝑦
(i) Find an expression for d𝑥
. [2]
(ii) Hence, find the approximate change in 𝑦 when 𝑥 increases from 3 to 3 + ℎ, where ℎ is small.
[2]
𝟐𝒙 𝟔
0606/21/M/J/17 Q3)(i) 𝒙𝟐+𝟏 (ii) 𝟏𝟎 𝒉
70. Variables 𝑥 and 𝑦 are such that 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 3)ln(2𝑥 2 + 1).
d𝑦
(i) Find the value of d𝑥
when 𝑥 = 2. [4]
(ii) Hence find the approximate change in 𝑦 when 𝑥 changes from 2 to 2.03. [2]
𝐝𝒚 𝟖
0606/11/O/N/15 Q5)(i) 𝐝𝒙 = − 𝟗 + 𝐥𝐧 𝟗 or 𝟏. 𝟑𝟏 (ii) 𝛛𝒚 ≈= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟗𝟑,
e3𝑥 sin 𝑥
71. Variables 𝑥 and 𝑦 are such that 𝑦 = 𝑥2
. Use differentiation to find the approximate change
in 𝑦 as 𝑥 increases from 0.5 to 0.5 + ℎ, where ℎ is small. [6]
d𝑦 𝑥 2 ( (3e3𝑥 sin 𝑥+e3𝑥 cos 𝑥))−2𝑥(e3𝑥 sin 𝑥)
0606/22/F/M/20 Q9) = 𝛿𝑦 = 7.14ℎ
d𝑥 𝑥4
ln(2𝑥+5)
72. Variables 𝑥 and 𝑦 are such that 𝑦 = 2e3𝑥
. Use differentiation to find the approximate change
in 𝑦 as 𝑥 increases from 1 to 1 + ℎ, where ℎ is small. [6]
0606/23/M/J/20 Q8)(b) −𝟎. 𝟏𝟑𝟖𝒉
ln 𝑥
73. Variables 𝑥 and 𝑦 are related by the equation 𝑦 = e𝑥
.
d𝑦 1−𝑥ln 𝑥
(i) Show that = . [4]
d𝑥 𝑥e𝑥
(ii) Hence find the approximate change in 𝑦 as 𝑥 increases from 2 to 2 + ℎ, where ℎ is small. [2]
0606/22/F/M/19 Q2)(ii) 𝜹𝒚 = −𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟔𝟏[… ]𝒉
ln(2𝑥 3 +5)
74. It is given that 𝑦 = 𝑥−1
for 𝑥 > 1.
d𝑦
(i) Find the value of d𝑥
when 𝑥 = 2. You must show all your working. [4]
(ii) Find the approximate change in 𝑦 as 𝑥 increases from 2 to 2 + 𝑝, where 𝑝 is small. [1]
𝐝𝒚 𝟐𝟒 𝟖
0606/13/M/J/19 Q4)(i) = − 𝐥𝐧 𝟐𝟏 or − 𝐥𝐧 𝟐𝟏, or − 𝟏. 𝟗𝟎 (ii) −𝟏. 𝟗𝟎𝒑
𝐝𝒙 𝟐𝟏 𝟕
ln 𝑥
75. Two variables 𝑥 and 𝑦 are such that 𝑦 = 𝑥3
for 𝑥 > 0.
d𝑦 1−3ln 𝑥
(i) Show that d𝑥
= 𝑥4
. [3]
(ii) Hence find the approximate change in 𝑦 as 𝑥 increases from e to e + ℎ, where ℎ is small. [2]
𝐝𝒚 𝟏−𝟑𝐥𝐧 𝒙 𝟐𝒉
0606/21/M/J/19 Q2) (i) 𝐝𝒙 = 𝒙𝟒
(ii) − 𝐞𝟒 oe or − 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟔𝟔𝒉
 ln(4𝑥 2 +1)
76. It is given that 𝑦 = 2𝑥−3
d𝑦
(i) Find . [3]
d𝑥
(ii) Find the approximate change in 𝑦 as 𝑥 increases from 2 to 2 + ℎ, where ℎ is small. [2]
𝐝𝒚 𝟐𝒙𝟐 +𝟏
0606/11/O/N/19 Q4)(i) [𝐝𝒙 =] 𝟏 (ii) −𝟒. 𝟕𝟑𝒉
(𝒙𝟐 +𝟏)𝟐
2
ln(𝑥 −1)
77. A curve has equation 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 −1
, for 𝑥 > 1.
d𝑦 𝑘𝑥(1−ln(𝑥 2 −1))
(i) Show that = (𝑥 2 −1)2
, where 𝑘 is a constant to be found. [4]
d𝑥
(ii) Hence find the approximate change in 𝑦 when 𝑥 increases from √5 to √5 + 𝑝, where 𝑝 is
small. [2]
(iii) Find, in terms of e, the coordinates of the stationary point on the curve. [5]
𝟏
0606/12/O/N/11 Q11)O (i) 𝒌 = 𝟐 (ii) 𝛛𝒚 = −𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟖𝒑 (iii)( √𝟏 + 𝒆 , = 𝒆 )

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rate of Change
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
= ×
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡

sin2 𝐴 + cos2 𝐴 = 1 sec 2 𝐴 = 1 + tan2 𝐴 cosec 2 𝐴 = 1 + cot 2 𝐴

78. A square of area 𝐴 cm2 has a side of length 𝑥 cm. Given that the area is increasing at a constant
rate of 0.5 cm2 s−1, find the rate of increase of 𝑥 when 𝐴 = 9. [4]
0606/11/M/J/10 Q9(b)1/12
79. A circle has diameter 𝑥 which is increasing at a constant rate of 0.01 cm s −1. Find the exact rate
of change of the area of the circle when 𝑥 = 6 cm. [5]
0606/22/M/J/19 Q4) 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝝅
4
80. The volume, 𝑉, of a sphere of radius 𝑟 is given by 𝑉 = 3 𝜋𝑟 3 .
The radius, 𝑟 cm, of a sphere is increasing at the rate of 0.5cms−1 . Find, in terms of 𝜋, the rate
of change of the volume of the sphere when 𝑟 = 0.25. [4]
𝐝𝑽
0606/12/M/J/20 Q2) = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟐𝟓𝝅
𝐝𝒕
81. A cube of side 𝑥 cm has surface area 𝑆 cm2. The volume, 𝑉 cm3 , of the cube is increasing at a
rate of 480 cm3 s−1. Find, at the instant when 𝑉 = 512,
(a) the rate of increase of 𝑥, [4]
(b) the rate of increase of 𝑆. [2]
0606/22/F/M/21 Q5)(a)2.5 (b)240
4
82. The volume, 𝑉, and surface area, 𝑆, of a sphere of radius 𝑟 are given by 𝑉 = 3 𝜋𝑟 3 and 𝑆 = 4𝜋𝑟 2
respectively.
The volume of a sphere increases at a rate of 200 cm3 per second. At the instant when the
radius of the sphere is 10 cm, find
(i) the rate of increase of the radius of the sphere, [4]
(ii) the rate of increase of the surface area of the sphere. [3]
 0606/22/F/M/18 Q12)(i)0.159 (ii)40
83. In this question all lengths are in metres.

A water container is in the shape of a triangular prism. The diagrams show the container and its
cross-section. The cross-section of the water in the container is an isosceles triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶, with
angle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 = angle 𝐵𝐴𝐶 = 30∘ . The length of 𝐴𝐵 is 𝑥 and the depth of water is ℎ. The length of
the container is 5.
(i) Show that 𝑥 = 2√3ℎ and hence find the volume of water in the container in terms of ℎ.
[3]
(ii) The container is filled at a rate of 0.5 m3 per minute. At the instant when ℎ is 0.25 m, find
(a) the rate at which ℎ is increasing, [4]
(b) the rate at which 𝑥 is increasing. [2]
0606/21/M/J/18 Q12)(i) 𝑽 = 𝟓√𝟑𝒉𝟐 (ii)(a) 0.115 (b)2/5

84. In this question all lengths are in centimetres.

1
The volume of a cone of height ℎ and base radius 𝑟 is given by 𝑉 = 3 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ.
𝜋 √6−√2 𝜋 √6+√2 𝜋
It is known that sin 12 = 4
, cos 12 = 4
, tan 12 = 2 − √3.

A water cup is in the shape of a cone with its axis vertical. The diagrams show the cup and its
𝜋
cross-section. The vertical angle of the cone is 6 radians. The depth of water in the cup is ℎ. The
surface of the water is a circle of radius 𝑟.
(i) Find an expression for 𝑟 in terms of ℎ and show that the volume of water in the cup is given
𝜋(7−4√3)ℎ3
by 𝑉 = . [4]
3
(ii) Water is poured into the cup at a rate of 30 cm3 s −1. Find, correct to 2 decimal places, the
rate at which the depth of water is increasing when ℎ = 5. [4]
0606/22/M/J/18 Q12)(ii)5.32
85. The diagram shows a circle, centre 𝑂, radius 𝑟 cm. The points 𝐴
and 𝐵 lie on the circle such that angle 𝐴𝑂𝐵 = 2𝜃 radians.

(i) Find, in terms of 𝑟 and 𝜃, an expression for the length of the

chord 𝐴𝐵. [1]
(ii) Given that the perimeter of the shaded region is 20 cm, show
10
that 𝑟 = 𝜃+sin 𝜃.[2]
d𝑟 𝜋
(iii) Given that 𝑟 and 𝜃 can vary, find the value of d𝜃
when 𝜃 = 6 .
[4]
(iv) Given that 𝑟 is increasing at the rate of 15 cm s−1, find the
𝜋
corresponding rate of change of 𝜃 when 𝜃 = 6 . [3]
𝒓𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝜽 𝒓𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝜽 𝐝𝜽
0606/11/M/J/16 Q11)(i) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽
or 𝝅 (iii) −𝟏𝟕. 𝟖 (iv) 𝐝𝒕 = −𝟎. 𝟖𝟒𝟐
𝐬𝐢𝐧( −𝜽)
𝟐
e2x−3 d𝑦
86. (a) Given that 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 +1
, find d𝑥
. [3]
(b) Hence, given that 𝑦 is increasing at the rate of 2 units per second, find the exact rate of
change of 𝑥 when 𝑥 = 2. [3]
𝐝𝒚 𝟐𝐞𝟐𝒙−𝟑 𝟐𝒙𝐞𝟐𝒙−𝟑 𝐝𝒙 𝟐𝟓
0606/13/O/N/20 Q2(a) = (𝒙𝟐 − (𝒙𝟐 𝟐 (b) =
𝐝𝒙 +𝟏) +𝟏) 𝐝𝒕 𝟑𝐞
−1
87. (i) Differentiate (cos 𝑥) with respect to 𝑥. [2]
d𝑦
(ii) Hence find d𝑥
given that 𝑦 = tan 𝑥 + 4(cos 𝑥)−1. [2]
d𝑦
(iii) Using your answer to part (ii) find the values of 𝑥 in the range 0 ⩽ 𝑥 ⩽ 2𝜋 such that d𝑥
= 4.
[6]
𝟏 𝒅𝒚 𝟒𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 𝝅 𝟓𝝅
0606/21/O/N/17 Q12) (i) 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝒙 × 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 (ii) 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟐 𝒙 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝒙 (iii) 𝒙 = 𝟔 , 𝟔
88. It is given that 𝑥 = 2 + sec𝜃 and 𝑦 = 5 + tan2 𝜃.
(a) Express 𝑦 in terms of 𝑥. [2]
d𝑦
(b) Find d𝑥
in terms of 𝑥. [1]
𝐝𝒚
0606/23/O/N/21 Q6) (a) 𝒚 = (𝒙 − 𝟐)𝟐 + 𝟒 (b) [ =] 𝟐(𝒙 − 𝟐)
𝐝𝒙
𝜋 𝜋 d𝑦
89. Variables 𝑥, 𝑦 and 𝑡 are such that 𝑦 = 4cos (𝑥 + 3 ) + 2√3sin (𝑥 + 3 ) and d𝑡
= 10.
d𝑦 𝜋
(i) Find the value of d𝑥 when 𝑥 = 2 . [3]
d𝑥 𝜋
(ii) Find the value of d𝑡 when 𝑥 = 2 . [2]
𝒅𝒚 𝐝𝒚
0606/11/M/J/17 Q10(b)(i) 𝒅𝒙 = −𝟓 (ii) 𝐝𝒕 = −𝟐
90. The variables 𝑥, 𝑦 and 𝑢 are such that 𝑦 = tan 𝑢 and 𝑥 = 𝑢3 + 1.
(i) State the rate of change of 𝑦 with respect to 𝑢. [1]
(ii) Hence find the rate of change of 𝑦 𝑤ith respect to 𝑥, giving your answer in terms of 𝑥. [4]
𝟑
𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟐 ( √𝒙−𝟏)
0606/21/M/J/19 Q7)(i) 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟐 𝒖 (ii) 𝟑
𝟑( √𝒙−𝟏)𝟐
91. In this question, the units of 𝑥 are radians and the units of 𝑦 are centimetres.
It is given that 𝑦 = (1 + cos 3𝑥)10.
d𝑦 𝜋
(i) Find the value of d𝑥
when 𝑥 = 2 . [4]
 𝜋
Given also that 𝑦 is increasing at a rate of 6cms−1 when 𝑥 = 2 ,
(ii) find the corresponding rate of change of 𝑥. [2]
𝐝𝒚 𝐝𝒙 𝟏
0606/13/O/N/18 Q4) (i) 𝐝𝒙 = 𝟑𝟎 (ii) 𝐝𝒕 = 𝟓 or 𝟎. 𝟐

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Equation of tangent and normal

Tangent : 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐
1
Normal : y=− 𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑚

sin2 𝐴 + cos2 𝐴 = 1
sec 2 𝐴 = 1 + tan2 𝐴
cosec 2 𝐴 = 1 + cot 2 𝐴
𝟏
slope =− 𝒎
slope =m

92. Find the equation of the tangent to the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 7 at the point where
𝑥 = 2. [5]
0606/23/O/N/15 Q1) 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟗𝒙 − 𝟑𝟓
5
93. A curve has equation 𝑦 = + 𝑥 2 − 𝑥.
𝑥
Find, in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐, the equation of the tangent to the curve at the point where 𝑥 =
1. [5]
0606/21/O/N/21 Q10(a) 𝒚 = −𝟒𝒙 + 𝟗
2𝑥−1
94. Find the equation of the tangent to the curve 𝑦 = at the point where 𝑥 = 2. [7]
√𝑥 2 +5
𝟒
0606/11/O/N/15 Q8) 𝒚 − 𝟏 = 𝟗
(𝒙 − 𝟐)
95. DO NOT USE A CALCULATOR IN THIS QUESTION.
(a) Find the equation of the tangent to the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 10 at the point where
𝑥 = 1. [4]
(b) Find the coordinates of the point where this tangent meets the curve again. [5]
0606/22/O/N/20 Q5) (a) 𝒚 = −𝟔𝒙 + 𝟏𝟒 (b) 𝒙 = 𝟒 → 𝒚 = −𝟏𝟎 only
96. A curve has equation 𝑦 = p(𝑥), where p(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 1.
(a) Find the equation of the tangent to the curve at the point (3,8). Give your answer in the
form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐. [5]
(b) (i) Given that p−1 exists, write down the gradient of the tangent to the curve
𝑦 = p−1 (𝑥) at the point (8,3) [1]
(ii) Find the coordinates of the point of intersection of these two tangents. [2]
𝟏𝟗 𝟏𝟗
0606/22/F/M/21 Q7)(a) 𝒚 = 𝟗𝒙 − 𝟏𝟗 (b)(i)1/9 (ii) ( 𝟖 , 𝟖
)
97. (a) Find the equation of the normal to the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 6 at the point (1,4).
[5]
(b) DO NOT USE A CALCULATOR IN THIS PART OF THE QUESTION.
Find the exact 𝑥-coordinate of each of the two points where the normal cuts the curve again.[5]
−𝟐±√𝟖 −𝟐±𝟐√𝟐
0606/22/O/N/21 Q9) (a) 𝒚 − 𝟒 = −𝟏(𝒙 − 𝟏) (b) or
𝟐 𝟐
1
98. It is given that 𝑦 = (𝑥 2 + 1)(2𝑥 − 3)2 .
d𝑦 𝑃𝑥 2 +𝑄𝑥+1
(i) Show that d𝑥
= 1 , where 𝑃 and 𝑄 are integers. [5]
(2𝑥−3)2
1
(ii) Hence find the equation of the normal to the curve 𝑦 = (𝑥 2 + 1)(2𝑥 − 3)2 at the point
where 𝑥 = 2, giving your answer in the form 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0, where 𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑐 are integers. [4]
𝟓𝒙𝟐 −𝟔𝒙+𝟏
0606/11/M/J/19 Q11)(i) 𝟏 (ii) 𝒙 + 𝟗𝒚 − 𝟒𝟕 = 𝟎
(𝟐𝒙−𝟑)𝟐
2
7
99. The normal to the curve 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 2)(3𝑥 + 1)3 at the point where 𝑥 = , meets the 𝑦-axis at
3
the point 𝑃. Find the exact coordinates of the point 𝑃. [7]
𝟒 𝟑 𝟕 𝟕𝟑
0606/12/M/J/19 Q11) Equation of normal: 𝒚 − 𝟑 = − 𝟏𝟑 (𝒙 − 𝟑) , (𝟎, 𝟑𝟗)
100. A curve has equation 𝑦 = 𝑥cos 𝑥.
d𝑦
(a) Find d𝑥
[2]
(b) Find the equation of the normal to the curve at the point where 𝑥 = 𝜋, giving your answer in
the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐. [4]
0606/23/O/N/20 Q7)(a) −𝒙𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 (b) 𝒚 = 𝒙 − 𝟐𝝅
𝜋
101. Find the equation of the normal to the curve 𝑦 = 5tan 𝑥 − 3 at the point where 𝑥 = .[5]
4
0606/13/O/N/15 Q5) 𝟏𝟎𝒚 + 𝒙 − 𝟐𝟎. 𝟖 = 𝟎 oe
𝑥3
102. A curve has equation 𝑦 = sin 2𝑥. Find
d𝑦
(i) d𝑥
[3]
𝜋
(ii) the equation of the tangent to the curve at the point where 𝑥 = 4 . [3]
𝟑𝒙𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝒙−𝒙𝟑 ×𝟐𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝒙 𝟑𝝅𝟐 𝝅𝟑
0606/22/O/N/18 Q3)(i) 𝟐 (ii)𝒚 = 𝒙− , [𝒚 = 𝟏. 𝟖𝟓𝒙 − 𝟎. 𝟗𝟕]
(𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝒙) 𝟏𝟔 𝟑𝟐
2+sin 3𝑥
103. A curve has equation 𝑦 = 𝑥+1 .
d𝑦 𝜋 𝑘
(a) Show that the exact value of d𝑥 at the point where 𝑥 = 6
can be written as 𝜋 2 , where 𝑘 is
( +1)
6
an integer. [5]
(b) Find the equation of the normal to the curve at the point where 𝑥 = 0.[4]
𝐝𝒚 −𝟑
0606/21/O/N/21 Q3) (a) [ =] 𝟐 (b) 𝒚 − 𝟐 = −𝒙
𝐝𝒙 𝝅
( +𝟏)
𝟔
104. It is given that 𝑥 = 2 + sec 𝜃 and 𝑦 = 5 + tan2 𝜃.
(a) Express 𝑦 in terms of 𝑥. [2]
d𝑦
(b) Find in terms of 𝑥. [1]
d𝑥
(c) A curve has the equation found in part (a). Find the equation of the tangent to the curve
𝜋
when 𝜃 = 3 [4]
𝐝𝒚
0606/23/O/N/21 Q6) (a) 𝒚 = (𝒙 − 𝟐)𝟐 + 𝟒 (b) [𝐝𝒙 =] 𝟐(𝒙 − 𝟐) (c) 𝒚 − 𝟖 = 𝟒(𝒙 − 𝟒)
 tan 2𝑥 d𝑦
105. (i) Given that 𝑦 = 𝑥
, find d𝑥
. [3]
tan 2𝑥 𝜋
(ii) Hence find the equation of the normal to the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥
at the point where 𝑥 = 8 . [3]
𝐝𝒚 𝒙(𝟐𝐬𝐞𝐜𝟐 𝟐𝒙)−𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟐𝒙
0606/12/F/M/15 Q6)(i) 𝐝𝒙 = 𝒙𝟐
(ii) 𝒚 = −𝟎. 𝟐𝟕𝒙 + 𝟐. 𝟔𝟓( allow 𝟐. 𝟔𝟔)
𝜋
106. (a) Find the equation of the tangent to the curve 2𝑦 = tan 2𝑥 + 7 at the point where 𝑥 = 8 .
𝜋
Give your answer in the form 𝑎𝑥 − 𝑦 = + 𝑐, where 𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑐 are integers. [5]
𝑏
(b) This tangent intersects the 𝑥-axis at 𝑃 and the 𝑦-axis at 𝑄. Find the length of 𝑃𝑄. [2]
𝝅
0606/22/M/J/20 Q6)(a) 𝟐𝒙 − 𝒚 = 𝟒 − 𝟒 (b)3.59
ln(𝑥 2 +2)
107. The normal to the curve 𝑦 = 2𝑥−3
at the point where 𝑥 = 2 meets the 𝑦-axis at the point 𝑃.
Find the coordinates of 𝑃. [7]
0606/12/M/J/21 Q11) 𝒙 = 𝟎, 𝒚 = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟏
𝑥3
108. The tangent to the curve 𝑦 = ln(3𝑥 2 − 4) − 6
, at the point where 𝑥 = 2, meets the 𝑦-axis at
the point 𝑃. Find the exact coordinates of 𝑃. [6]
𝟏
0606/12/F/M/20 Q4) (𝟎, 𝐥𝐧 𝟖 − )
𝟑
ln(3𝑥 2 −1)
109. Find the equation of the tangent to the curve 𝑦 = at the point where 𝑥 = 1. Give your
𝑥+2
answer in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐, where 𝑚 and 𝑐 are constants correct to 3 decimal places. [6]
𝟔𝒙
𝐝𝒚 (𝒙+𝟐) 𝟐 −𝐥𝐧(𝟑𝒙𝟐 −𝟏)
𝟑𝒙 −𝟏
0606/11/M/J/20 Q5) = , 𝒚 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟐𝟑𝒙 − 𝟎. 𝟔𝟗𝟐
𝐝𝒙 (𝒙+𝟐)𝟐
ln 𝑥
110. Variables 𝑥 and 𝑦 are related by the equation 𝑦 = e𝑥
.
d𝑦 1−𝑥ln 𝑥
Show that = . [4]
d𝑥 𝑥e𝑥
0606/22/F/M/19 Q2)
𝜋
111. It is given that 𝑦 = ln(sin 𝑥 + 3cos 𝑥) for 0 < 𝑥 < .
2
d𝑦
(a) Find d𝑥
. [3]
d𝑦 1
(b) Find the value of 𝑥 for which = − . [3]
d𝑥 2
𝒅𝒚 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙−𝟑𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 𝝅
0606/21/O/N/20 Q4)(a) 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙+𝟑𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙
(b) 𝒙 = 𝟒
1
112. Find the equation of the normal to the curve 𝑦 = √8𝑥 + 5 at the point where 𝑥 = 2, giving your
answer in the form 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0, where 𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑐 are integers. [5]
0606/11/O/N/19 Q6) 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟖𝒚 − 𝟐𝟕 = 𝟎
𝑘 1
113. At the point where 𝑥 = 1 on the curve 𝑦 = (𝑥+1)2, the normal has a gradient of 3.
(i) Find the value of the constant 𝑘. [4]
(ii) Using your value of 𝑘, find the equation of the tangent to the curve at 𝑥 = 2. [3]
𝟒
𝒚− 𝟖 𝟖 𝟐𝟖
0606/22/O/N/19 Q5)(i) 12 (ii) 𝒙−𝟐 = − 𝟗 or 𝒚 = − 𝟗 𝒙 +
𝟑
𝟗
114. A curve has equation 𝑦 = 7 + tan𝑥. Find
𝜋
(i) the equation of the tangent to the curve at the point where 𝑥 = 4 ,
d𝑦
(ii) the values of 𝑥 between 0 and 𝜋 radians for which = 𝑦.
d𝑥
0606/23/O/N/16 Q6)(i) 𝟒 − 𝟐𝒚 = 𝝅 − 𝟏𝟔, 𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟔. 𝟒𝟐𝟗 (ii) 𝒙 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟓, 𝟐. 𝟎𝟑
 ln(3𝑥 2 +1)
115. Find the equation of the normal to the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥2
at the point where 𝑥 = 2, giving your
answer in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐, where 𝑚 and 𝑐 are correct to 2 decimal places. You must show
all your working. [8]
0606/13/O/N/18 Q9) 𝒚 = 𝟐. 𝟒𝟒𝒙 − 𝟒. 𝟐𝟑
ln(4𝑥 2 +3)
116. The point 𝐴, where 𝑥 = 0, lies on the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥−1
. The normal to the curve at 𝐴 meets
the 𝑥-axis at the point 𝐵.
(i) Find the equation of this normal. [7]
(ii) Find the area of the triangle 𝐴𝑂𝐵, where 𝑂 is the origin. [2]
𝟏
0606/11/M/J/15 Q7(i) 𝒚 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟏𝒙 − 𝟏. 𝟏 (ii) Area = ±𝟎. 𝟔𝟔 or ± 𝟎. 𝟔𝟕 or (𝐥𝐧 𝟑)𝟑
𝟐
117. The diagram shows parts of the line
𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 10 and the curve
𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 10.
The line and the curve both pass
through the point 𝐴 on the 𝑦-axis. The
curve has a maximum at the point 𝐵
and a minimum at the point 𝐶. The
line through 𝐶, parallel to the 𝑦-axis,
intersects the line
𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 10 at the point 𝐷.
(i) Show that the line 𝐴𝐷 is a tangent
to the curve at 𝐴. [2]
(ii) Find the 𝑥-coordinate of 𝐵 and of 𝐶. [3]
𝟏
0606/11/M/J/15 Q9) (ii) 𝒙 = 𝟑 , 𝒙 = 𝟑

118. The diagram shows part of the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 + e5−2𝑥 ,

the normal to the curve at the point 𝐴 and the line
𝑥 = 5. The normal to the curve at 𝐴 meets the 𝑦-
axis at the point 𝐵. The 𝑥-coordinate of 𝐴 is 2.5.
Find the equation of the normal 𝐴𝐵. [4]
0606/21/O/N/18 Q8) (i) 𝒚 = 𝒙 + 𝟏

119. The diagram shows part of the curve 𝑦 = 2√𝑥.

The normal to the curve at the point 𝐴(4,4)
meets the 𝑥-axis at the point 𝐵.

(i) Find the equation of the line 𝐴𝐵. [4]

(ii) Find the coordinates of 𝐵. [1]
0606/22/O/N/18 Q9)(i) 𝒚 = −𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏𝟐
(ii) (𝟔, 𝟎)
 √𝑥
120. The gradient of the normal to a curve at the point with coordinates (𝑥, 𝑦) is given by 1−3𝑥.
(i) Find the equation of the curve, given that the curve passes through the point (1, −10).
[5]
(ii) Find, in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐, the equation of the tangent to the curve at the point where
𝑥 = 4 [4]
𝟑 𝟏
0606/22/O/N/17 Q7)(i) 𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟎 (ii) 𝒚 = 𝟓. 𝟓𝒙 − 𝟐𝟎
1
121. (i) Find the equation of the normal to the curve 𝑦 = 2 ln(3𝑥 + 2) at the point 𝑃 where
1
𝑥 = − 3. [4]
The normal to the curve at the point 𝑃 intersects the 𝑦-axis at the point 𝑄. The curve 𝑦 =
1
2
ln(3𝑥 + 2) intersects the 𝑦-axis at the point 𝑅.
(ii) Find the area of the triangle 𝑃𝑄𝑅. [3]
𝟐 𝟏
0606/11/O/N/16 Q5)(i) 𝒚 = − 𝟑 (𝒙 + 𝟑) (ii) 𝟎. 𝟎𝟗𝟒𝟖

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Stationary/Turning points and their nature

𝑑𝑦
= 0 (at stationary point slope is zero)
𝑑𝑥

𝑑2 𝑦
< 0 ⇒ 𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑑𝑥 2

𝑑2 𝑦
> 0 ⇒ 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑑𝑥 2

5
122. Show that the curve 𝑦 = (3𝑥 2 + 8)3 has only one stationary point. Find the coordinates of this
stationary point and determine its nature. [8]
𝐝𝒚
0606/11/M/J/17 Q7) = 𝟎 only solution is 𝒙 = 𝟎 , (𝟎, 𝟑𝟐)
𝐝𝒙
123. Find the coordinates of the stationary points on the curve 𝑦 = (2𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 3)2 . Give your
answers in exact form. [4]
𝟐 𝟑𝟒𝟑
0606/11/O/N/21 Q9(a) (𝟑, 𝟎) , (𝟑 , 𝟐𝟕
)
 5
124. A curve has equation 𝑦 = + 2𝑥
𝑥−1
5
Find the coordinates of the stationary point on the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥−1 + 2𝑥. [5]
√𝟏𝟎
0606/23/O/N/21 Q8(a) 𝒙 = 𝟏 + 𝟐
oe,or 𝟐. 𝟓𝟖[𝟏𝟏 … ] , 𝒚 = 𝟐 + 𝟐√𝟏𝟎 oe,or 𝟖. 𝟑𝟐 to 𝟖. 𝟑𝟐𝟓
𝑥+2
125. Find the coordinates of the stationary point of the curve 𝑦 = . [6]
√2𝑥−1
𝟓
0606/12/M/J/18 Q6) 𝒙 = 𝟑, 𝒚 = √𝟓, , 𝟐. 𝟐𝟒
√𝟓
126. The equation of a curve is 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 √3 + 𝑥 for 𝑥 ⩾ −3.
𝑑𝑦
(i) Find 𝑑𝑥. [3]
(ii) Find the equation of the tangent to the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 √3 + 𝑥 at the point where 𝑥 = 1.
[3]
(iii) Find the coordinates of the turning points of the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 √3 + 𝑥. [4]
𝟏 𝟏
𝐝𝒚 𝟏 𝟏𝟕 𝟗
0606/23/O/N/18 Q10)(i) 𝐝𝒙 = 𝒙𝟐 × 𝟐 (𝟑 + 𝒙)−𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙(𝟑 + 𝒙)𝟐 (ii) 𝒚 = 𝟒
𝒙−𝟒 (iii) (𝟎, 𝟎) and
(−𝟐. 𝟒, 𝟒. 𝟒𝟔)
2𝑥−5
127. A curve has equation 𝑦 = 𝑥−1 − 12𝑥.
d𝑦
(i) Find d𝑥
. [3]
d2 𝑦
(ii) Find d2 𝑥. [2]
(iii) Find the coordinates of the stationary points of the curve and determine their nature. [5]
𝐝𝒚 (𝒙−𝟏)(−𝟐𝟒𝒙+𝟏𝟒)−(−𝟏𝟐𝒙𝟐 +𝟏𝟒𝒙−𝟓) 𝐝𝟐 𝒚
0606/21/M/J/16 Q12)(i) [ =] (ii) [ =] − 𝟔(𝒙 − 𝟏)−𝟑 (iii) 𝒙 =
𝐝𝒙 (𝒙−𝟏)𝟐 𝐝𝒙𝟐
−𝟔
𝟎. 𝟓 and 𝒙 = 𝟏. 𝟓 , 𝒚 = 𝟐 and 𝒚 = −𝟐𝟐 , (−𝟎.𝟓)𝟑
> 𝟎 therefore min when 𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟓 , (-
6)/((0.5)^3 )<0 , therefore max when x=1.5 oe
128. A curve has equation 𝑦 = (3𝑥 − 5)3 − 2𝑥
d𝑦 d2 𝑦
(i) Find and . [4]
d𝑥 d𝑥 2
(ii) Find the exact value of the 𝑥-coordinate of each of the stationary points of the curve.[2]
(iii) Use the second derivative test to determine the nature of each of the stationary points. [2]
𝟓 √𝟐 𝟓 √𝟐 𝐝𝟐 𝒚
0606/23/M/J/19 Q6)(i) 𝟓𝟒(𝟑𝒙 − 𝟓)[𝟏] (ii) [𝒙 =] 𝟑 ± 𝟗
(iii) When 𝒙 = 𝟑 + 𝟗 𝐝𝒙𝟐
> 𝟎 so min ,
𝟓 √𝟐 𝐝𝟐 𝒚
and when 𝒙 = 𝟑 − 𝟗 𝐝𝒙𝟐
< 𝟎 so max
𝑥
129. A curve has equation 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 +1.
(i) Find the coordinates of the stationary points of the curve. [5]
d2 𝑦 𝑝𝑥 3 +𝑞𝑥
(ii) Show that = (𝑥 2 , where 𝑝 and 𝑞 are integers to be found, and determine the nature
d2 +1)3
of the stationary points of the curve. [5]
𝐝𝟐 𝒚 𝟐𝒙𝟑 −𝟔𝒙 d2 𝑦
0606/22/F/M/16 Q11)(i) 𝒙 = 𝟏, 𝒙 = −𝟏 , 𝒚 = 𝟎. 𝟓, 𝒚 = −𝟎. 𝟓 (ii) 𝐝𝒙𝟐 = (𝒙𝟐+𝟏)𝟑 , d𝑥 2 | =
𝑥=1
𝟐(𝟏)𝟑 −𝟔(𝟏) 𝐝𝟐 𝒚 𝟐(−𝟏)𝟑 −𝟔(−𝟏)
(𝟏𝟐 +𝟏)𝟑
oe < 𝟎 therefore maximum , 𝟐 | = ((−𝟏)𝟐 𝟑 oe > 𝟎 therefore minimum
𝐝𝒙 𝒙=−𝟏 +𝟏)
130. The equation of a curve is 𝑦 = 𝑥√16 − 𝑥 2 for 0 ⩽ 𝑥 ⩽ 4.
(a) Find the exact coordinates of the stationary point of the curve. [6]
3
d
(b) Find d𝑥 (16 − 𝑥 2 )2 and hence evaluate the area enclosed by the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥√16 − 𝑥 2 and
the lines 𝑦 = 0, 𝑥 = 1 and 𝑥 = 3. [5]
 𝟏
𝟑
0606/21/O/N/20 Q11) (a) (𝟐√𝟐, 𝟖) (b) 𝟐 (𝟏𝟔 − 𝒙𝟐 )𝟐 × (−𝟐𝒙)
d𝑦 𝑎𝑥 2 +𝑏
131. (i) Given that 𝑦 = 𝑥√𝑥 2 + 1, show that = (𝑥 2 , where 𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑝 are positive constants.
d𝑥 +1)𝑝
[4]
(ii) Explain why the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑥√𝑥 2 + 1 has no stationary points. [2]
𝐝𝒚 𝟐𝒙𝟐 +𝟏 𝐝𝒚
0606/22/F/M/19 Q7)(i) [𝐝𝒙 =] 𝟏 (ii) 𝐝𝒙 is not 0 because 𝟐𝒙𝟐 ≠ −𝟏
(𝒙𝟐 +𝟏)𝟐
132. DO NOT USE A CALCULATOR IN THIS QUESTION.
A curve has equation 𝑦 = (3 + √5)𝑥 2 − 8√5𝑥 + 60.
(a) Find the 𝑥-coordinate of the stationary point on the curve, giving your answer in the form
𝑎 + 𝑏√5, where 𝑎 and 𝑏 are integers. [4]
(b) Hence find the 𝑦-coordinate of this stationary point, giving your answer in the form 𝑐√5,
where 𝑐 is an integer. [3]
0606/12/M/J/21 Q6) (a) 𝒙 = −𝟓 + 𝟑√𝟓 (b) 𝟐𝟎√𝟓
133. A curve has equation 𝑦 = e−𝑥 (𝐴cos 2𝑥 + 𝐵sin 2𝑥). At the point (0,4) on the curve, the gradient
of the tangent is 6 .
(i) Find the value of 𝐴. [1]
(ii) Show that 𝐵 = 5. [5]
𝜋
(iii) Find the value of 𝑥, where 0 < 𝑥 < radians, for which 𝑦 has a stationary value. [5]
2
0606/12/O/N/11 Q11)E (i) 𝑨 = 𝟒 (iii) 𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟏𝟔
134. The equation of a curve is 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 2).
(i) Find the 𝑥-coordinates of the stationary points on the curve and determine the nature of
each of these stationary points. [6]
(ii) Given that 𝑧 = 𝑦 2 and that 𝑧 is increasing at the constant rate of 10 units per second, find
the rate of change of 𝑦 when 𝑥 = 2. [2]
(iii) Hence find the rate of change of 𝑥 when 𝑥 = 2. [2]
𝟐 𝐝𝒚 𝟓 𝐝𝒙 𝟓
0606/11/M/J/11 Q12)E(i) 𝒙 = 𝟑 𝒎𝒂𝒙, 𝒙 = 𝟒 (ii) 𝐝𝒕 = − 𝟔 allow − 𝟎. 𝟖𝟑𝟑 (iii) 𝐝𝒕 = 𝟒𝟖
3
(2𝑥 2 +10)2
135. A curve has equation 𝑦 = 𝑥−1
for 𝑥 > 1.
1
d𝑦 (2𝑥 2 +10)2
(a) Show that can be written in the form (𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶), where 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝐶 are
d𝑥 (𝑥−1)2
integers. [5]
(b) Show that, for 𝑥 > 1, the curve has exactly one stationary point. Find the value of 𝑥 at this
stationary point. [4]
𝟏
(𝟐𝒙𝟐 +𝟏𝟎)𝟐 𝟓
0606/12/F/M/21 Q10)(a) ( (𝒙−𝟏)𝟐
) (𝟒𝒙𝟐 − 𝟔𝒙 − 𝟏𝟎) (b) 𝒙 = 𝟐 , Rejecting 𝒙 = −𝟏 correctly

as 𝒙 > 𝟏
136. The equation of a curve is given by 𝑦 = 𝑥e−2𝑥 .
d𝑦
(i) Find d𝑥
. [3]
(ii) Find the exact coordinates of the stationary point on the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥e−2𝑥 . [2]
1
(iii) Find, in terms of e, the equation of the tangent to the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥e−2x at the point (1, e2 ).
[2]
 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐
0606/21/O/N/19 Q8) (i) 𝐞−𝟐𝒙 (𝟏 − 𝟐𝒙) (ii) (𝟐 , 𝟐𝐞) (iii) 𝒚 = − 𝐞𝟐 𝒙 + 𝐞𝟐
1
(𝑥 2 −5)3
137. A curve has equation 𝑦 = 𝑥+1
for 𝑥 > −1.
d𝑦 𝐴𝑥 2 +𝐵𝑥+𝐶
(a) Show that d𝑥
= 2 where 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝐶 are integers. [6]
3(𝑥+1)2 (𝑥 2 −5)3
(b) Find the 𝑥-coordinate of the stationary point on the curve. [2]
(c) Explain how you could determine the nature of this stationary point.
[2] [You are not required to find the nature of this stationary point.]
−𝒙𝟐 +𝟐𝒙+𝟏𝟓
0606/13/O/N/21 Q11) (a) 𝟐 (b) 𝒙 = 𝟓 (c) Take the second derivative and
𝟑(𝒙+𝟏)𝟐 (𝒙𝟐 −𝟓)𝟑
substitute in the value of x obtained in (b),If second derivative is + ve, then a min If second
derivative is – ve, then a max

d𝑦 𝐴𝑥 2 +𝐵𝑥+𝐶
138. (a) Given that 𝑦 = (𝑥 2 − 1)√5𝑥 + 2, show that d𝑥
= 2√5𝑥+2
, where 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝐶 are integers.
[5]
(b) Find the coordinates of the stationary point of the curve 𝑦 = (𝑥 2 − 1)√5𝑥 + 2, for
𝑥 > 0. Give each coordinate correct to 2 significant figures. [3]
(c) Determine the nature of this stationary point. [2]
𝒅𝒚 𝟐𝟓𝒙𝟐 +𝟖𝒙−𝟓
0606/12/M/J/20 Q7(a) = (b) 𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟏𝟓, 𝒚 = −𝟏. 𝟕𝟎 (c) second derivative >0 so
𝒅𝒙 𝟐√𝟓𝒙+𝟐
minimum

d𝑦 𝐴𝑥+𝐵
139. (a) Given that 𝑦 = 𝑥 √𝑥 + 2, show that = , where 𝐴 and 𝐵 are constants. [5]
d𝑥 2√𝑥+2
(b) Find the exact coordinates of the stationary point of the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 √𝑥 + 2. [3]
(c) Determine the nature of this stationary point. [2]
𝐝𝒚 𝟑𝒙+𝟒 𝟒 𝟒√𝟔
0606/13/M/J/20 Q10)(a) = (b) 𝒙 = − ,𝒚 = − (c)second derivative >0 so min
𝐝𝒙 𝟐√𝒙+𝟐 𝟑 𝟗
140. A curve has equation 𝑦 = (2𝑥 − 1)√4𝑥 + 3.
d𝑦 4(𝐴𝑥+𝐵)
(a) Show that d𝑥
= , where 𝐴 and 𝐵 are constants. [5]
√4𝑥+3
(b) Hence write down the x-coordinate of the stationary point of the curve. [1]
(c) Determine the nature of this stationary point. [2]
𝐝𝒚 𝟒(𝟑𝒙+𝟏) 𝟏
0606/12/O/N/20 Q9(a) = 𝟏 (b) − (c) minimum
𝐝𝒙 𝟑
(𝟒𝒙+𝟑)𝟐

𝜋
141. The diagram shows part of the graph of 𝑦 = 2cos (𝑥 − ). The graph intersects the 𝑦-axis at the
6
point 𝐴, has a maximum point at 𝐵 and intersects the 𝑥-axis at the point 𝐶.
 (i) Find the coordinates of 𝐴. [1]
(ii) Find the coordinates of 𝐵. [2]
(iii) Find the coordinates of 𝐶. [2]
𝝅 𝟐𝝅
0606/11/O/N/16 Q7) (i) (𝟎, √𝟑) or (𝟎, 𝟏. 𝟕𝟑) (ii) ( 𝟔 , 𝟐) or (𝟎. 𝟓𝟐𝟒, 𝟐) (iii) 𝒙 = 𝟑
oe or 𝟐. 𝟎𝟗
2
142. (a) Find the 𝑥-coordinates of the stationary points on the curve 𝑦 = 3ln 𝑥 + 𝑥 − 7𝑥, where 𝑥 >
0. [5]
(b) Determine the nature of each of these stationary points. [3]
𝐝𝟐 𝒚 𝐝𝟐 𝒚
0606/22/O/N/21 Q4)(a) 𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟓, 𝟑 (b) 𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟓, < 𝟎 → 𝒎𝒂𝒙 , 𝒙 = 𝟑, > 𝟎 → 𝒎𝒊𝒏 or
𝐝𝒙𝟐 𝐝𝒙𝟐
𝐝𝟐 𝒚 𝟓
𝐝𝒙𝟐
= 𝟑 → 𝒎𝒊𝒏
143. (a) Find the 𝑥-coordinates of the stationary points of the curve 𝑦 = e3𝑥 (2𝑥 + 3)6 . [6]
(b) A curve has equation 𝑦 = f(𝑥) and has exactly two stationary points. Given that f ′′ (𝑥) =
4𝑥 − 7, 𝑓 ′ (0.5) = 0 and 𝑓 ′ (3) = 0, use the second derivative test to determine the nature of
each of the stationary points of this curve. [2]
0606/21/M/J/20 Q12)(a) 𝒙 = −𝟏. 𝟓, −𝟑. 𝟓 (b) 𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝐟 ′′ (𝟎. 𝟓)[= −𝟓] < 𝟎 ⇒ 𝒎𝒂𝒙 , 𝒙 =
𝟑𝐟 ′′ (𝟑)[= 𝟓] > 𝟎 ⇒ 𝒎𝒊𝒏
ln 𝑥 d𝑦
144. (i) Given that 𝑦 = 𝑥2
, find d𝑥
. [3]
ln 𝑥
(ii) Find the coordinates of the stationary point on the curve 𝑦 = . [3]
𝑥2
𝒙−𝟐𝒙𝐥𝐧 𝒙 𝒙−𝐥𝐧 𝒙⋅𝟐𝒙 𝟏
0606/22/O/N/19 Q10) (i) 𝒙𝟒 or 𝒙𝟒
(ii) 𝒙 = 𝟏. 𝟔𝟓 or √𝐞 (ii) 𝒚 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟖𝟒 or 𝟐𝐞
d ln 𝑥 1−3ln 𝑥
145. (i) Show that ( 3 ) = . [3]
d𝑥 𝑥 𝑥4
ln 𝑥
(ii) Find the exact coordinates of the stationary point of the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥3
. [3]
𝟏
𝐝 𝐥𝐧 𝒙 𝒙𝟑 × −𝟑𝒙𝟐 𝐥𝐧 𝒙 𝟏
𝟏
𝒙
0606/23/O/N/17 Q9)(i) 𝐝𝒙 ( 𝒙𝟑 ) = 𝒙𝟔
(ii) 𝒙 = 𝐞𝟑 . 𝒚 = 𝟑𝐞
146. Given that a curve has equation 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 − 14𝑥 + 24 find,
d𝑦
(i) , [1]
d𝑥
(ii) the integer value of 𝑥 for which the gradient of the curve is 2 and the corresponding value of
𝑦.
[3]
The coordinates of the point 𝑃 on the curve are given by the values of 𝑥 and 𝑦 found in part (ii).
(iii) Find the equation of the tangent to the curve at 𝑃. [1]
0606/23/O/N/19 Q8) (iii) 𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏𝟒 (iv)2 and 40 (v) 𝒚 − 𝟒𝟎 = 𝟐(𝒙 + 𝟐)𝒐𝒓 𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟒𝟒
 2𝑥+1
147. (i) Write ln (2𝑥−1) as the difference of two logarithms. [1]
2𝑥+1 1
A curve has equation 𝑦 = ln ( )+ 4𝑥 for 𝑥 > .
2𝑥−1 2
d𝑦 𝑎𝑥 2 +𝑏
(ii) Using your answer to part (i) show that = , where 𝑎 and 𝑏 are integers. [4]
d𝑥 4𝑥 2 −1
(iii) Hence find the 𝑥-coordinate of the stationary point on the curve. [2]
(iv) Determine the nature of this stationary point. [2]
𝟏𝟔𝒙𝟐 −𝟖 𝟏
0606/11/O/N/17 Q7)(i) 𝐥𝐧(𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏) − 𝐥𝐧(𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏) (ii) = 𝟒𝒙𝟐 −𝟏
(iii) 𝒙 = only (iv) When 𝒙 =
√𝟐
𝟏 𝐝𝟐 𝒚
is + ve, so minimum
√𝟐 𝐝𝒙𝟐
148. The diagram shows part of the graph of 𝑦 =
1 − 2 cos 3𝑥, which crosses the 𝑥-axis at the
point 𝐴 and has a maximum at the point 𝐵.
(i) Find the coordinates of 𝐴. [2]
(ii) Find the coordinates of 𝐵. [2]
0606/12/M/J/16 Q7)(i) 𝒙 =
𝝅 𝝅
𝟗
or 𝟎. 𝟑𝟒𝟗, 𝟐𝟎∘ (𝒊𝒊)𝑩 ( 𝟑 , 𝟑) or
(𝟏. 𝟎𝟓, 𝟑), (𝟔𝟎∘ , 𝟑)
149. The diagram shows part of the curve
4
𝑦= + 2𝑥 and the line 𝑦 = 4𝑥.
(2𝑥+1)2
(i) Find the coordinates of 𝐴, the stationary point of
the curve. [5]
(ii) Verify that 𝐴 is also the point of intersection of the
4
curve 𝑦 = (2𝑥+1)2 + 2𝑥 and the line 𝑦 = 4𝑥. [1]
𝟏
0606/22/F/M/15 Q9)(i) 𝒙 = 𝟐 , 𝒚 = 𝟐

Practical Maximum and Minimum Problems

150. The diagram shows a window formed by a semi-circle of radius 𝑟 on top of a rectangle with
dimensions 2𝑟 by 𝑦. The total perimeter of the window is 5 .
(i) Find 𝑦 in terms of 𝑟. [2]
𝜋𝑟 2
(ii) Show that the total area of the window is 𝐴 = 5𝑟 − 2
−
2𝑟 2 . [2]
(iii) Given that 𝑟 can vary, find the value of 𝑟 which gives a
maximum area of the window and find this area. (You are not
required to show that this area is a maximum.) [5]
𝟓−𝟐𝒓−𝝅𝒓
0606/21/O/N/18 Q9)(i) 𝒚 = (iii) 𝑨 = 𝟏. 𝟕𝟓
𝟐
 151. The diagram shows a badge, made of thin sheet metal, consisting of
two semi-circular pieces, centres 𝐵 and 𝐶, each of radius 𝑥 cm.
They are attached to each other by a rectangular piece of thin sheet
metal, 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷, such that 𝐴𝐵 and 𝐶𝐷 are the radii of the semi-
circular pieces and 𝐴𝐷 = 𝐵𝐶 = 𝑦 cm.
(i) Given that the area of the badge is 20 cm2, show that the
40
perimeter, 𝑃 cm, of the badge is given by 𝑃 = 2𝑥 + .
𝑥
(ii) Given that 𝑥 can vary, find the minimum value of 𝑃, justifying
that this value is a minimum. [5]
0606/12/M/J/16 Q10)(ii) 𝒙 = 𝟐√𝟓 allow 𝟒. 𝟒𝟕, √𝟐𝟎 , 𝑷 =
𝐝𝟐 𝑷 𝟖𝟎
𝟖√𝟓, allow 𝟏𝟕. 𝟗 , 𝐝𝒙𝟐 = 𝒙𝟑
, always positive so a minimum

152. In this question all lengths are in centimetres.

The diagram shows a solid cuboid with height ℎ and a
rectangular base measuring 4𝑥 by 𝑥. The volume of
the cuboid is 40 cm3. Given that 𝑥 and ℎ can vary and
that the surface area of the cuboid has a minimum
value, find this value. [5]
0606/21/M/J/20 Q12(c)81.4

153. The diagram shows a cuboid with a rectangular base of

sides 𝑥 cm and 2𝑥 cm. The height of the cuboid is 𝑦 cm and
its volume is 72 cm3.
(i) Show that the surface area 𝐴 cm2 of the cuboid is given
by
216
𝐴 = 4𝑥 2 + . [3]
𝑥
(ii) Given that 𝑥 can vary, find the dimensions of the cuboid
when 𝐴 is a minimum. [4]
(iii) Given that 𝑥 increases from 2 to 2 + 𝑝, where 𝑝 is
small, find, in terms of 𝑝, the corresponding approximate change in 𝐴, stating whether this
change is an increase or a decrease. [3]
0606/11/M/J/11 Q12 O) (ii) Dimensions are 𝟑 by 𝟔 by 𝟒 (iii) 𝛛𝑨 = −𝟑𝟖𝒑

154. The diagram shows an open container in the shape of a cuboid of

width 𝑥 cm, length 4𝑥 cm and height ℎ cm. The volume of the
container is 800 cm3.
(i) Show that the external surface area, 𝑆 cm2, of the open container
2000
is such that 𝑆 = 4𝑥 2 + . [4]
𝑥
(ii) Given that 𝑥 can vary, find the stationary value of 𝑆 and
determine its nature. [5]
𝐝𝟐 𝑺
0606/12/M/J/19 Q10) 𝐝𝒙𝟐 > 𝟎 or 𝟐𝟒 so minimum
155. A container is a circular cylinder, open at one end, with a base radius of 𝑟 cm and a
height of ℎ cm. The volume of the container is 1000 cm3 . Given that 𝑟 and ℎ can vary
and that the total outer surface area of the container has a minimum value, find this
value. [8]
0606/22/F/M/20 Q11) 439

156. A solid circular cylinder has a base radius of 𝑟 cm and a height of ℎ cm. The cylinder
has a volume of 1200𝜋cm3 and a total surface area of 𝑆 cm2.
2400𝜋
(i) Show that 𝑆 = 2𝜋𝑟 2 + . [3]
𝑟
(ii) Given that ℎ and 𝑟 can vary, find the stationary value of 𝑆 and determine its nature.[5]
𝐝𝟐 𝑺 𝟒𝟖𝟎𝟎𝝅 𝐝𝟐 𝑺
0606/12/O/N/19 Q9)(ii) 𝐝𝒓𝟐 = 𝟒𝝅 + 𝒓𝟑
, 𝐝𝒓𝟐 > 𝟎 so minimum

157. In this question all lengths are in centimetres.

4
The volume and surface area of a sphere of radius 𝑟 are 3 𝜋𝑟 3 and 4𝜋𝑟 2
respectively. The diagram shows a solid object made from a hemisphere of
radius 𝑥 and
a cylinder of radius 𝑥 and height 𝑦. The volume of the object is 500 cm3 .
(a) Find an expression for 𝑦 in terms of 𝑥 and show that the surface area,
5 1000
𝑆, of the object is given by 𝑆 = 𝜋𝑥 2 + .
3 𝑥
(b) Given that 𝑥 can vary and that S has a minimum value, find the value
of 𝑥 for which S is a minimum. [4]
𝟏 𝟒 𝟑 𝟑𝟎𝟎
0606/22/M/J/21 Q11)(a) 𝒚 = 𝝅𝒙𝟐 (𝟓𝟎𝟎 − 𝟔 𝝅𝒙𝟑 ) oe, (b) 𝒙 = √ 𝝅
isw or 𝟒. 𝟓𝟕[𝟎𝟕 … ]

158. In this question all lengths are in centimetres.

A closed cylinder has base radius 𝑟, height ℎ and volume 𝑉. It is given that the total surface area
of the cylinder is 600𝜋 and that 𝑉, 𝑟 and ℎ can vary.
(i) Show that 𝑉 = 300𝜋𝑟 − 𝜋𝑟 3 . [3]
(ii) Find the stationary value of 𝑉 and determine its nature. [5]
𝐝𝟐 𝑽 𝐝𝟐 𝑽
0606/11/M/J/19 Q9)(ii) 𝐝𝒓𝟐 = −𝟔𝝅𝒓, 𝐝𝒓𝟐 < 𝟎 so maximum
159. In this question all lengths are in centimetres.
The volume and curved surface area of a cone of base radius 𝑟,
1
height ℎ and sloping edge 𝑙 are 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ and 𝜋𝑟𝑙 respectively.
3
The diagram shows a cone of base radius 𝑥, height 𝑦 and sloping
edge √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 . The volume of the cone is 10𝜋.

(a) Find an expression for 𝑦 in terms of 𝑥 and show that the curved
surface area, 𝑆, of the cone is given
𝜋√𝑥 6 +900
by 𝑆 = 𝑥
[3]
(b) Given that 𝑥 can vary and that S has a minimum value, find the exact value of 𝑥 for which S is
a minimum. [5]
𝟑𝟎 𝟔
0606/23/M/J/21 Q10)(a) 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐
(b) 𝒙 = √𝟒𝟓𝟎
1
160. The volume, 𝑉, of a cone with base radius 𝑟 and vertical height ℎ is given by 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ. The curved
3
surface area of a cone with base radius 𝑟 and slant height 𝑙 is given by 𝜋𝑟𝑙.
A cone has base radius 𝑟 cm, vertical height ℎ cm and volume 𝑉 cm3 . The curved surface area of
the cone is 4𝜋cm2.
16
(a) Show that ℎ2 = − 𝑟 2 .[4]
𝑟2
𝜋
(b) Show that 𝑉 = 3
√16𝑟 2 − 𝑟 6 . [2]
(c) Given that r can vary and that V has a maximum value, find the value of r that gives the
maximum volume. [5]
𝟐
0606/21/O/N/21 Q11)(c) 𝟒 oe
√𝟑
161. In this question all lengths are in centimetres.
The volume, 𝑉, of a cone of height ℎ and base radius 𝑟 is
1
given by 𝑉 = 3 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ.
The diagram shows a large hollow cone from which a
smaller cone of height 180 and base radius 90 has been
removed. The remainder has been fitted with a circular
base of radius 90 to form a container for water. The
depth of water in the container is 𝑤 and the surface of
the water is a circle of radius 𝑅.
(a) Find an expression for 𝑅 in terms of 𝑤 and show that
the volume 𝑉 of the water in the container is given by
𝜋
𝑉 = 12 (𝑤 + 180)3 − 486000𝜋. [3]
(b) Water is poured into the container at a rate of 10000 cm3 s −1. Find the rate at which the
depth of the water is increasing when 𝑤 = 10. [4]
0606/23/M/J/20 Q11)(b) 0.353
162. The diagram shows a sector 𝑃𝑂𝑄 of a circle, centre 𝑂, radius 𝑟 cm, where angle 𝑃𝑂𝑄 = 𝜃
radians. The perimeter of the sector is 20 cm.
 (i) Show that the area, 𝐴 cm2 , of the sector is given by 𝐴 =
10𝑟 − 𝑟 2 . [3]
It is given that 𝑟 can vary and that 𝐴 has a maximum value.
(ii) Find the value of 𝜃 for which 𝐴 has a maximum value. [3]
0606/13/O/N/18 Q2) (ii) 𝜽 = 𝟐

163. The volume of a closed cylinder of base radius 𝑥 cm and

height ℎ cm is 500 cm3.
(i) Express ℎ in terms of 𝑥. [1]
1000
(ii) Show that the total surface area of the cylinder is given by 𝐴 = 2𝜋𝑥 2 + 𝑥
cm2. [2]
(iii) Given that 𝑥 can vary, find the stationary value of 𝐴 and show that this value is a minimum.
[5]
500
0606/22/O/N/17 Q6)(i) ℎ = 𝜋𝑥2 (iii)A=349
𝐝𝟐 𝑨 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎
, 𝐝𝒙𝟐 = 𝟒𝝅 + (> 𝟎) (→ 𝒎𝒊𝒏)
𝒙𝟑
164. The diagram shows a cuboid of height
ℎ units inside a right pyramid 𝑂𝑃𝑄𝑅𝑆 of height
8 units and with square base of side 4 units.
The base of the cuboid sits on the square base
𝑃𝑄𝑅𝑆 of the pyramid. The points 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 and 𝐷
are corners of the cuboid and lie on the edges
𝑂𝑃, 𝑂𝑄, 𝑂𝑅 and 𝑂𝑆, respectively, of the
pyramid 𝑂𝑃𝑄𝑅𝑆. The pyramids 𝑂𝑃𝑄𝑅𝑆 and
𝑂𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 are similar.
(i) Find an expression for 𝐴𝐷 in terms of ℎ and
hence show that the volume 𝑉 of the cuboid is
ℎ3
given by 𝑉 = − 4ℎ2 + 16ℎ units 3 .[4]
4
(ii) Given that ℎ can vary, find the value of ℎ
for which 𝑉 is a maximum. [4]
𝟖−𝒉 𝟖
0606/22/M/J/15 Q11)(i) 𝟖
× 𝟒 (ii) 𝟑 oe only
165. A cone, of height 8 cm and base radius 6 cm, is
placed over a cylinder of radius 𝑟 cm and height ℎ cm
and is in contact with the cylinder along the cylinder's
upper rim. The arrangement is symmetrical and the
diagram shows a vertical cross-section through the
vertex of the cone.
(i) Use similar triangles to express ℎ in terms of 𝑟.
(ii) Hence show that the volume, 𝑉 cm3 , of the cylinder
4
is given by 𝑉 = 8𝜋𝑟 2 − 3 𝜋𝑟 3 .
(iii) Given that 𝑟 can vary, find the value of 𝑟 which
gives a stationary value of 𝑉. Find this stationary value
of 𝑉 in terms of 𝜋 and determine its nature.
 𝒉 𝟔−𝒓 𝟒 𝟏𝟐𝟖 𝐝𝟐 𝑽
0606/21/O/N/15 Q7)(i) 𝟖 = 𝟔
→ 𝒉 = 𝟑 (𝟔 − 𝒓) (iii) 𝑽 = 𝟑
𝝅(= 𝟒𝟐. 𝟕𝝅) , 𝐝𝒓𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔𝝅 −
𝟖𝝅𝒓 < 𝟎 when 𝒓 = 𝟒 → 𝒎𝒂𝒙
166. In this question all lengths are in metres.
A conical tent is to be made with height ℎ, base radius 𝑟
and slant height 0.5ℎ + 2, as shown in the diagram.
(i) Show that 𝑟 2 = 2ℎ + 4 − 0.75ℎ2.
1
The volume of the tent, 𝑉, is given by 3 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ.
(ii) Given that ℎ can vary find, correct to 2 decimal places,
the value of ℎ which gives a stationary value of 𝑉. [5]
(iii) Determine the nature of this stationary value. [2]
𝐝𝟐 𝑽
0606/23/O/N/16 Q7)(ii) 𝒉 = 𝟐. 𝟒𝟗 (iii) =
𝐝𝒉𝟐
(−𝟕. 𝟓𝟒𝟓 … ) < 𝟎 so maximum
167. The diagram shows an empty container in the form of an open triangular prism. The triangular
faces are equilateral with a side of 𝑥 cm and the length
of each rectangular face is 𝑦 cm. The container is made
from thin sheet metal. When full, the container holds
200√3 cm3.
(i) Show that 𝐴 cm2, the total area of the thin sheet
√3𝑥 2 1600
metal used, is given by 𝐴 = + .
2 𝑥
(ii) Given that 𝑥 and 𝑦 can vary, find the stationary
value of 𝐴 and determine its nature.
[6]
𝐝𝟐 𝑨 𝟑𝟐𝟎𝟎
0606/12/F/M/15 Q9)(i) (ii) 𝑨 = 𝟐𝟒𝟔 , 𝐝𝒙
= √𝟑 + 𝒙𝟑
which is positive for 𝑥 = 9.74 so the
value is a minimum