USE OF STABILITY ANALYSIS

1) Obtain a reference standard of a known value (e.g., a gauge block/pin).

2) On a periodic basis (daily, weekly), measure the standard three to five times.
Subgroups should be taken at differing times to include variation due to warm-up, ambient conditions, etc.
3) Enter the data in the Stability worksheet.
4) Interpret the Stability of the gauge using standard control chart analysis.
5) Determine the significance of the Bias, by comparing the t-value of the Bias to the critical t-value.
If the t(Bias) is less than the t(critical), the Bias is not significant.
If the t(Bias) is greater than than the t(critical), the Bias is significant and should be corrected through calibration.

USE OF LINEARITY ANALYSIS

1) Select exactly 5 parts whose measurements cover the intended operating range of the gauge.
2) Measure each part by layout inspection to determine the reference value.
3) Have each part measured exactly 10 times on the subject gauge by one operator that will normally use the gauge.
4) Enter the data in the Linearity worksheet.
5) Determine whether the Bias=0 axis falls completely within the confidence limits of the regression line
for the range of intended use.
6) If the Bias=0 axis falls completely within the confidence limits of the regression line for the range of intended use,
the gage is acceptable.
7) If the Bias=0 axis does not fall completely within the confidence limits of the regression line for the range of intended use,
the gage is not acceptable unless the range of intended use is restricted to the range where it is within the confidence
limits.

USE OF GRR DATASHEET AND REPORT

1) Refer to AIAG MSA manual for detailed information on conducting Gauge R&R's.
2) Fields are data entry fields.
3) Enter Operator names on "Datasheet" sheet.
4) Enter test results on "Datasheet" sheet. If no test was made, leave field blank. Do not enter a 0 value.
5) Enter header fields on "Report" sheet. "Total Tolerance" field must be filled in order to calculate %'s.
6) Results consist of the sheets labeled "Report", "Graphs" & " Gage Performance Curve". I recommend
adding pertinent information to the header/footer as needed before printing.
7) The sheet labeled "Graph Worksheet" is used to format the results in order to generate the graphs.
Any changes to this sheet WILL result in incorrect graphs.

USE OF GAUGE PERFORMANCE CURVE

1) Tolerances must be entered on the GRR Report for USL & LSL.
2) If the curves are drawn in the negative Y direction, the USL and LSL entries may be reversed.

Assumptions:
The following assumptions have been made during the development of this worksheet. To ensure the
proper calculations have been made, it is important that a minimum of two operators are used in the
study and that the data for these operators are entered in sections A & B. Section C is checked for entries
when averages are calculated. If section C is used without completing sections A & B, the average
calculation will be incorrect. The same logic holds for the Trials. A minimum of two trials must be
completed and the columns for Trial 1 & 2 filled. If Trial 3 is filled without entries in Trial 1 & 2,
the average calculation will be incorrect.

The Total Tolerance cell in the Report sheet must be entered as the tolerance band width
(i.e., a tolerance of +/- 3, must be entered as 6)
 GAGE REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY DATA SHEET (Long Method)

GRR Data Sheet

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Operator A- B- C-
Sample # 1st Trial 2nd Trial 3rd Trial Range 1st Trial 2nd Trial 3rd Trial Range 1st Trial 2nd Trial 3rd Trial Range

1 107 132 118 25 105 99 136 37 92 146 99 54

2 118 126 117 9 119 121 122 3 99 120 136 37

3 115 171 132 56 159 135 150 24 146 116 101 45

4 124 136 120 16 85 141 112 56 99 84 117 33

5 130 110 116 20 127 109 129 20 119 127 108 19

6 190 121 155 69 137 136 94 43 138 137 122 16

7 159 138 145 21 106 113 108 7 129 139 123 16

8 132 113 141 28 153 161 96 65 170 133 160 37

9 175 143 109 66 104 127 142 38 137 115 117 22

10 122 161 145 39 126 98 120 28 121 118 139 21

Totals 1372 1351 1298 349 1221 1240 1209 321 1250 1235 1222 300

1372 34.9 1221 32.1 1250 30

1298 RA 1209 RB 1222 RC
Sum 4021 Sum 3670 Sum 3707
XA 134.033333 XB 122.33333 XC 123.56667

RA 34.9 # Trials D4 ( R ) x ( D4 ) = UCLR* Max X 134.03333

RB 32.1 2 3.27 Min X 122.33333
32.333333333 2.58 83.42
RC 30 3 2.58 X Diff. 11.7
Sum 97
R 32.3333333 * Limit of individual R's. Circle those that are beyond this Limit. Identify the cause and correct. Repeat these readings using the same appraiser
and unit as originally used or discard and reaverage and recompute R and the limiting value UCLR from the remaining observations

Notes:

11/06/2023;06:59:56
 Gauge Stability Analysis

Part No. & Name Gage Name Date

Characteristic Gage No. Performed By

Standard Value 27.91 Gage type

S U B G R O U P S

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

1 27.8920 27.9020 27.8610 27.8980 27.8920 27.9810 27.9020 27.8920 27.8980 27.9810 27.9060 27.8590 27.9060 27.9810 27.8980 27.9120 27.9060 27.9810 27.9060 27.9060 27.8920 27.9060 27.8590 27.9210 27.7960

2 27.9310 27.8990 27.8990 27.9070 27.9310 27.8780 27.8990 27.9310 27.9070 27.8780 27.8780 27.9010 27.8930 27.8780 27.9070 27.8990 27.8930 27.8780 27.8780 27.8780 27.9310 27.8930 27.9010 27.9010 27.8780

READINGS
3 27.9210 27.8950 27.8910 27.8920 27.9210 27.9310 27.8950 27.9210 27.8920 27.9310 27.9310 27.8820 27.8990 27.9310 27.8920 27.8950 27.8990 27.9310 27.9310 27.9310 27.9210 27.8990 27.8820 27.8820 27.9310

4 27.8910 27.7990 27.7990 27.8990 27.8910 27.8910 27.7990 27.8910 27.8990 27.8910 27.8910 27.8800 27.9210 27.8910 27.8990 27.7990 27.9210 27.8910 27.8910 27.8910 27.8910 27.9210 27.8800 27.8800 27.8910

5 27.9810 27.9510 27.9080 27.9010 27.9810 27.9810 27.9510 27.9810 27.9010 27.9810 27.9060 27.9030 27.9010 27.9810 27.9010 27.9510 27.9010 27.9810 27.9060 27.9810 27.9810 27.9010 27.9030 27.9310 27.9310

X= 27.9232 27.8892 27.8716 27.8994 27.9232 27.9324 27.8892 27.9232 27.8994 27.9324 27.9024 27.8850 27.9040 27.9324 27.8994 27.8912 27.9040 27.9324 27.9024 27.9174 27.9232 27.9040 27.8850 27.9030 27.8854

R = 0.0900 0.1520 0.1090 0.0150 0.0900 0.1030 0.1520 0.0900 0.0150 0.1030 0.0530 0.0440 0.0280 0.1030 0.0150 0.1520 0.0280 0.1030 0.0530 0.1030 0.0900 0.0280 0.0440 0.0510 0.1350

X = AVE. X = 27.906176 UCL=X+A2R= 27.95 LCL=X-A2R= 27.86119 AVERAGE (X BAR CHART)

27.9600

27.9400

27.9200

27.9000

27.8800

27.8600

27.8400

27.8200

27.8000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

R=AVE. R= 0.077960000000001 UCL=D4R= 0.164807 LCL=D3R = 0 RANGE (R CHART)

0.1800

0.1600

0.1400

0.1200

0.1000

0.0800

0.0600

0.0400

0.0200

0.0000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Gauge Bias Analysis

Total Variation (TV)

0.5000
=
 Gauge Linearity Analysis

Part No. & Name Gage Name Date

Characteristic Gage No. Performed By

Gage type

SUBGROUPS
1 2 3 4 5 Gauge Linearity
1 2.7000 5.1000 5.8000 7.6000 9.1000
2 2.5000 3.9000 5.7000 7.7000 9.3000 1.5000
3 2.4000 4.2000 5.9000 7.8000 9.5000
4 2.5000 5.0000 5.9000 7.7000 9.3000 1.0000

5 2.7000 3.8000 6.0000 7.8000 9.4000

READINGS

0.5000
6 2.3000 3.9000 6.1000 7.8000 9.5000 Bias f(x) = − 0.131666666666667 x + 0.736666666666667
7 2.5000 3.9000 6.0000 7.8000 9.5000 0.0000 R² = 0.714318415932242
8 2.5000 3.9000 6.1000 7.7000 9.5000 -0.5000
9 2.4000 3.9000 6.4000 7.8000 9.6000
10 2.4000 4.0000 6.3000 7.5000 9.2000 -1.0000
11 2.6000 4.1000 6.0000 7.6000 9.3000
-1.5000
12 2.4000 3.8000 6.1000 7.7000 9.4000 1.0000 2.0000 3.0000 4.0000 5.0000 6.0000 7.0000 8.0000 9.0000 10.000011.0000
X= 2.4917 4.1250 6.0250 7.7083 9.3833
R=
Ref. 0.4000 1.3000 0.7000 0.3000 0.5000 Reference Value
Value 2.0000 4.0000 6.0000 8.0000 10.0000
Interpretation: When the BLUE center line falls entirely within the YELLOW limits, Linearity is acceptable.

Total Variation (TV) = 1.0000 Slope: ta = 12.043 tcritical α=.05 = 2.002

Intercept: tb = 10.158
%EV = 24%
 AIAG Gauge R&R Study
Alpha value to remove interaction: 0.25
Alpha value to pool Between Operator: 0.1

ANOVA Table 1 (with interaction) Variance Components Table 1 (with interaction)

Term SS df MS F p Term VarComp % Contribution
Parts 7223.96 9 802.66 2.2 0.034 Parts 47.8613 10.78%
Operators 2479.62 2 1239.81 3.40 0.040 Operators 28.9300 6.51%
Op*Part 6694.38 18 371.91 1.02 0.453 Not Significant. Use ANOVA Table 2. Op*Part 2.2774 0.51%
Repeatability 21904.67 60 365.08 Repeatability 365.0778 82.20%
Total 38302.62 89 Total 444.1465 100.00%

ANOVA Table 2 (without interaction) Variance Components Table 2 (without interaction)

Term SS df MS F p Term VarComp % Contribution
Parts 7223.96 9 802.66 2.2 0.032 Parts 48.4453 10.91%
Operators 2479.62 2 1239.81 3.38 0.039 Operators 29.1052 6.55%
Op*Part Op*Part
Repeatability 28599.04 78 366.65 Repeatability 366.6544 82.54%
Total 38302.62 89 Total 444.2049 100.00%

ANOVA Table 3 (without Operator) Variance Components Table 3 (without Operator)

Term SS df MS F p Term VarComp % Contribution
Parts 7223.96 9 802.66 2.1 0.04 Parts 46.02 10.59%
Operators Operator to Operator differences are not significant. Operator Significant. Use ANOVA Table 1 or 2. Operators
Variation has been combined with Repeatability Repeatability 388.48 89.41% 1
Repeatability 31078.67 80 388.48 Total 434.50 100.00% 2
Total 38302.62 89 3

Select ANOVA Table for Report 2 Note: Table 1 or 2 are the standard AIAG ANOVA tables

Gauge Repeatability and Reproducibility Report

Part No. & Name Gage Name Date

Part Characteristic Gage Make Performed By

Total Tolerance 250 Gage Model Process Variation

(StdDev):
USL 250 LSL 0 Gage resolution: 1

Measurement Units appear to be adequate to detect part variation

From Data Sheet: R = 32.3333333333333 X Diff. = 11.7

MEASUREMENT UNIT ANALYSIS % TOLERANCE ANALYSIS1 % STUDY VARIATION2 % PROCESS VARIATION2 % CONTRIBUTION3
(for Product Control Decisions) (for Process Control Decisions) (for Process Control Decisions) (for Improvement Decisions)

REPEATABILITY - EQUIPMENT VARIATION (EV) % EV = 100[(EV)/(TOLERANCE)] % EV = 100[(EV)/(TV)] % EV = 100[(EV)/(TV)] % EV = 100[(sEV2)/(sTV2)]

StdDev 6 * StdDev
EV = 19.148222266164 114.889334 % EV = 45.96% % EV = 90.85% % EV = % EV = 82.54%

REPRODUCIBILITY - APPRAISER VARIATION (AV) % AV = 100[(AV)/(TOLERANCE)] % AV = 100[(AV)/(TV)] % AV = 100[(AV)/(TV)] % AV = 100[(sAV2)/(sTV2)]

StdDev 6 * StdDev
AV= 5.39492568733701 32.3695541 % AV = 12.95% % AV = 25.60% % AV = % AV = 6.55%

REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY (R&R) %Tol = 100[(R&R)/(TOLERANCE)] % Study = 100[(R&R)/(TV)] % Process = 100[(R&R)/(TV)] % Contr = 100[(sR&R2)/(sTV2)]

StdDev 6 * StdDev
GRR = 19.8937085312494 119.362251 % Tol = 47.74% % Study = 94.39% % Process = % Contr = 89.09%

PART VARIATION (PV) % PV = 100[(PV)/(TOLERANCE)] % PV = 100[(PV)/(TV)] % PV = 100[(PV)/(TV)] % PV = 100[(sPV2)/(sTV2)]

StdDev 6 * StdDev
PV = 6.96026270609433 41.7615762 % PV = 16.7% % PV = 33.02% % PV = % PV = 10.91%

TOTAL VARIATION (TV) TOTAL VARIATION TOTAL VARIATION TOTAL VARIATION TOTAL VARIATION
StdDev 6 * StdDev
TV = 21.0761689133522 126.457013 50.6% 100.00% 100.00%

NUMBER of DISTINCT CATEGORIES4 NUMBER of DISTINCT CATEGORIES4

PROBABLE MEASUREMENT ERROR 0
(effective resolution of a single measurement)
DISCRIMINATION RATIO5
PME = ± 13.3287847159371 DR = 0.00

1
Product Control - Answers the question: Is this gauge good enough to inspect this part to this tolerance?
2
Process Control - Answers the question: Is this gauge good enough for SPC or statistical analysis?
3
Answers the question: What components of variation are candidates for improvement?
4
Based on GRR (Repeatability and Reproducibility)
5
Based on EV (Repeatability)
Border/Text Color Key: GREEN = Acceptable; ORANGE= Marginal; RED = Unacceptable

11/06/2023; 06:59:56
 Gage R and R (Xbar/R method)
Six Sigma MSA Method
Xbar Chart by Operator Operator*Part No. Interaction
A- B- C-
180
180
160
160
140 140
Sample Mean

120 120

Average
100 100
80 80
60
60
40
40
20
20 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
A A A A A B B B B B C C C C C Part No.

R Chart by Operator Response by Operator

90 200
80 180
160
70
140
Sample Range

60
120
Operator

50 100
40 80
30 60
40
20
20
10
0
0 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Operator
A A A A A B B B B B C C C C C

% Contribution
Components of Variation % Study Var
Response by Part No.
100.00% % Tolerance
200
90.00%
180
80.00%
160
70.00% 140
60.00% 120
Percent

50.00% 100
80
40.00%
60
30.00%
40
20.00% 20
10.00% 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0.00%
Gage R&R Repeat Reprod Part-to-Part Part No.

11/06/2023 06:59:56
 Measurement System Evaluation
Six Sigma MSE Method

R Chart by Operator
90
80
Sample Range

70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
A- A- A- A- A- A- A- A- A- A- B- B- B- B- B- B- B- B- B- B- C- C- C- C- C- C- C- C- C- C-

Step 1 Measurement Stability

A stable measurement system shows no out of control points or "non-random" patterns or trends in the range chart

Step 2 Resolution / Discrimination

Adequate resolution or discrimination means that the measurement units (inches, tenths of inches, thousandths of inches,…)
are sufficiently small enough to be able to "see" variation.
- Stratification on a range chart is a good indication that there is a problem with inadequate resolution.
- The number of stratified levels on the Range Chart is an indicator of the degree of the problem.
- Fewer "levels" means less adequate resolution:
- A rule of thumb: There should be approximately 5 levels of resolution between the control limits on the Range Chart and
less than 25% of the ranges equal to zero to be considered adequate.

Xbar Chart by Operator

180
160
Sample Mean

140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
A -A - A -A -A -A - A -A -A -A -B - B -B -B -B - B -B -B -B - B -C -C -C -C -C -C -C -C -C -C -

Step 3 Bias
Bias in a measurement study is a "shift" in the pattern on the X-bar chart between operators (i.e., the same part pattern is evident,
but one operator reads consistently higher or lower than the others).

Step 4 Measurement Capability

Measurement capability is the comparison of Measurement Variation to Product Variation to determine whether the current
measurement process can see part to part differences.
More than 50% of the part measurements should be out-of-control to be considered marginally acceptable.

Operator Bias
200
 Measurement System Evaluation
Six Sigma MSE Method
Operator Bias
200
180
160
140
Averages

120
100
80
60
40
20
0
1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3
Operator

Step 5 Operator Bias

Operator Bias is the comparison of Between-Operator variation to Within-Operator variation. An out-of-control chart indicates that
a Bias does exist between operators, while a chart exhibiting control indicates that no Bias exists between operators.

Operator Inconsistency
90
80
70
60
Averages

50
40
30
20
10
0
1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3

Operator

Step 6 Operator Inconsistency

Operator Inconsistency is the comparison of Within-Operator variation for a specific operator to the overall Within-Operator variation.
An out-of-control chart indicates that a Inconsistency does exist between operators, while a chart exhibiting control indicates that
no Inconsistency exists between operators.

Intraclass Correlation Plot

200

180
 Measurement System Evaluation
Intraclass Correlation Plot
200
Six Sigma MSE Method

180

160

140

120
Y value

100

80

60

40

20

0
60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
X value

Intraclass

Step 7 Interclass Correlation & Discrimination Ratio

The major axis reflects product variation, and the minor axis reflects measurement error.
The Discrimination Ratio is the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis.

DR = 0.00 Gage may not be able to discrimate product variation

 Gage Performance Curve
100%

90%
Specifications

80% Pa
Pa (Probability of Acceptance)

Part Variation
Gage Error
70%
Total Variation

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%
-200.0000

-100.0000

100.0000

200.0000

300.0000

400.0000
0.0000

Dimension

11/06/202306:59:56