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Chapter Outline
▪ Basic Concepts

▪ Oil Fields and Their Life Cycle

▪ Muti-disciplinary Team Work

▪ Working Areas of Reservoir Engineers

▪ Reservoir Engineering Functions

▪ Overview of Oil and Gas Recovery Phases

▪ Data Sources for Reservoir Characterization and

Evaluation
 Definition of Reservoir

In petroleum industry, reservoir fluids is a mixture of hydrocarbons (oil

and/or gas), water and other non-hydrocarbon compounds (such as H2S,
CO2, N2, ...)

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 Definition of Reservoir

Reservoir fluids is a mixture of hydrocarbons (oil and/or gas), water and

other non-hydrocarbon compounds (such as H2S, CO2, N2, ...)

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Reservoir Structure

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Reservoir Cross-section

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Reservoir Structure
Faults

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Definition of Engineering

Engineering is the discipline or profession of applying

necessary knowledge and utilizing physical resources in
order to design, build and control systems or processes that
realize a desired objective and meet specified criteria.

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 Definition of Engineering

Engineering is the discipline or profession of

applying necessary knowledge and utilizing
physical resources in order to design, build and
control systems or processes that realize a desired
objective and meet specified criteria.

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Necessary Knowledge

Knowledge about oil & gas reservoirs

 Reservoir Rock Properties & Behavior during the
Production Process

 Reservoir Fluid Properties & Behavior during the

Production Process

 Fluid Flows in Reservoirs

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 Necessary Knowledge (cont’d)

Knowledge about Design & Analysis Tools

 Reservoir Characterization & Modeling

 Reservoir Simulation

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 Definition of Engineering

Engineering is the discipline or profession of

applying necessary knowledge and utilizing
physical resources in order to design, build and
control systems or processes that realize a desired
objective and meet specified criteria.

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 Physical Resources

In-place Reservoir Resources

 Reservoir’s energy source associated with the initial
pressure & drive mechanisms during production

 Available flow channels thanks to reservoir’s ability

to transmit fluids (reservoir permeability)

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Definition of Engineering

Engineering is the discipline or profession of

applying necessary knowledge and utilizing
physical resources to design, build and control
systems or processes that realize a desired
objective and meet specified criteria.

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 Design, Build & Control Systems

 Plan for producing oil & gas from the reservoirs in the
field: Exploit reservoir energy sources; Design
appropriate well patterns; Select suitable subsurface &
surface facilities ...

 Manage the oil field throughout its entire life cycle:

Reservoir monitoring & surveying, production
enhancement, production optimization.

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Definition of Engineering

Engineering is the discipline or profession of

applying necessary knowledge and utilizing
physical resources in order to design, build and
control systems or processes that realize a desired
objective and meet specified criteria.

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Desired Objectives
• To maximize the profit resulted from the
recovered oil & gas
– To recover as much as possible oil & gas from the
reservoirs
– To recover high-quality oil & gas

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Definition of Engineering

Engineering is the discipline or profession of

applying necessary knowledge and utilizing
physical resources in order to design, build and
control systems or processes that realize a desired
objective and meet specified criteria.

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 Specified Criteria/Constraints

– Money associated with hired manpower, facilities,

technologies, ...
– Time
– (Global & Local) regulations

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Oil Fields and Their Lifecycle

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Oil Fields and Their Lifecycle

A lifecycle of an oil field consists of the following stages:

 Exploration
 Appraisal
 Development
 Production
 Abandonment

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 Oilfield Life Cycle and E&P Project Team

Geology Select a concession

Hydrocarbons
Exploration

and Select a location

Discover

Geophysics Find new Hydrocarbons

Drilling and Drill and test wells safety

Operations Engineering and efficiently

Petrophysics Evaluate the formation and quantity the amount of HC

near the well
Evaluate the Discovery for
Commercial Development

Production Geology / Interpret and extrapolate the well data to describe the
Appraisal

Seismology reservoir

Economics Check whether the venture is economically justified

Production Technology Design well completions and artificial lift systems

Reservoir Engineering Identify development options and predict recovery

Source: Peter Behrenbruch, 2005

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Development Oilfield Life Cycle and E&P Project Team

Reservoir Engineering Reservoir characterization

i) Planning

& Other Disciplines Design field development plans

Economics Select the most profitable development option

Drilling and Drill and complete wells safety and efficiently

ii) Execution

Operations Engineering

Production Geology / Plan and evaluate wells

Production

Reservoir Engineering Update the reservoir model if required

Production Operations Operate and maintain wells and surface facilities

Hydrocarbons
Produce

Production Technology Optimise production performance

Monitor reservoir performance

Reservoir Engineering Identify means to improve recovery

Modified from Peter Behrenbruch, 2005

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Revenue Throughout LifeCycle

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 Working Areas of Reservoir Engineers

1. Exploration & development of new reservoirs

 Evaluation of well economics

 Optimization of well locations

 Recovery prediction (production forecast)

2. Production optimization of already discovered reservoirs

 Infill drilling

 Well re-completions and/or stimulation

 IOR/EOR

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Reservoir Engineering Functions
 Estimate original oil or gas in place (OOIP or
OGIP)
 How much do we have?
 Calculate recovery factor
 How much can we get?
 Determine time scale for hydrocarbon recovery
 How quickly can we get it?
 Assess the economics of the reservoir or field
 How much will we make?

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 Multi-disciplinary Working Environment
RESERVOIRS:
 Development Geophysics and Geology
FACILITIES
 Petrophysics
 Reservoir Engineering
WELLS
WELLS:
• Drilling Engineering
• Production Technology (Well Completion)
RESERVOIRS
FACILITIES:
• Facilities Engineering and Production Operations
MANAGEMENTS: Management
• Economic Evaluation Source: Peter Behrenbruch, 2005

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Oil Recovery Phases

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 EOR – Steam Flooding

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 EOR - CO2 Injection Method

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 EOR - Chemical Flooding

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Data Sources & Reservoir Characterization

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 Data Sources & Reservoir Characterization

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 Data Sources & Reservoir Characterization

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