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Deep Learning

Deep learning is a subfield of machine learning that uses deep neural networks with multiple layers to automatically learn hierarchical features from data. At the core are artificial neural networks inspired by the human brain, consisting of interconnected layers of nodes that perform simple computations. Different types of neural networks like convolutional neural networks are designed for specific tasks like computer vision, while recurrent neural networks can handle sequential data for natural language processing. Newer models like transformers have achieved breakthroughs in natural language tasks.

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18 views

Deep Learning

Deep learning is a subfield of machine learning that uses deep neural networks with multiple layers to automatically learn hierarchical features from data. At the core are artificial neural networks inspired by the human brain, consisting of interconnected layers of nodes that perform simple computations. Different types of neural networks like convolutional neural networks are designed for specific tasks like computer vision, while recurrent neural networks can handle sequential data for natural language processing. Newer models like transformers have achieved breakthroughs in natural language tasks.

Uploaded by

Sajjad Alvi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Deep learning is a subfield of machine learning that focuses on neural networks with multiple layers,

also known as deep neural networks. Deep learning has gained immense popularity and achieved
remarkable success in various artificial intelligence applications, particularly in areas like computer
vision, natural language processing, and speech recognition. Deep learning models are designed to
automatically learn and extract hierarchical features from data, making them well-suited for complex
tasks.

Here's an overview of deep learning models and how they work:

Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs): At the core of deep learning are artificial neural networks, which are
inspired by the structure of the human brain. ANNs consist of interconnected layers of nodes, where
each node (neuron) performs simple computations. These neurons are organized into layers, including
an input layer, one or more hidden layers, and an output layer.

Feedforward Neural Networks (FNN): Feedforward neural networks are the simplest form of ANNs.
Information flows in one direction, from the input layer through the hidden layers to the output layer.
These networks are used for tasks like image classification and regression.

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs): CNNs are designed for computer vision tasks. They use
convolutional layers to automatically learn spatial hierarchies of features in images. CNNs are highly
effective for tasks like image classification, object detection, and image segmentation.

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs): RNNs are suitable for sequential data processing. They have
connections that loop back on themselves, allowing them to maintain internal states and handle
sequences of varying lengths. RNNs are used in tasks like natural language processing, speech
recognition, and time-series analysis.

Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Networks: LSTMs are a type of RNN that addresses the vanishing
gradient problem, which can make traditional RNNs struggle with long sequences. LSTMs are well-suited
for tasks that require modeling long-range dependencies in data.

Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) Networks: GRUs are another type of RNN architecture that is
computationally efficient and easier to train than LSTMs. They are commonly used for various sequence-
to-sequence tasks.
Transformers: Transformers are a breakthrough in natural language processing and have been applied
to a wide range of other tasks. They use self-attention mechanisms to model relationships between
words in a sentence. Models like BERT, GPT-3, and T5 are built upon the transformer architecture.

Autoencoders: Autoencoders are a type of neural network used for unsupervised learning and feature
learning. They consist of an encoder network that compresses the input data into a lower-dimensional
representation and a decoder network that reconstructs the original data from the compressed
representation.

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs): GANs consist of two neural networks, a generator and a
discriminator, that are pitted against each other. The generator creates data, and the discriminator tries
to distinguish between real and generated data. GANs are used for tasks like image generation and style
transfer.

Deep Reinforcement Learning: This combines deep learning with reinforcement learning to teach agents
to take actions that maximize a reward. Deep Q-Networks (DQNs) and policy gradient methods are
commonly used in this context.

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