ivane naxucriSvili

saqarTvelos
sokoebi

gamomcemloba buneba printi

naxucriSvili i. 2006. saqarTvelos sokoebi.
gamomcemloba buneba printi da saqarTvelos bunebis
SenarCunebis centri. Tbilisi, saqarTvelo.

redaqtori da Tanaavtori: arCil RibraZe

redaqtor-stilisti: Suqia afridoniZe
dizaini, dakabadoneba da beWdva: kaxa baxtaZe, buneba printi
mxatvari: uSangi mirianaSvili

© 2006. gamomcemloba buneba printi da saqarTvelos bunebis

SenarCunebis centri

ISBN 99940- 856-1-1

yvela ufleba daculia. am wignis arc erTi nawili ar SeiZleba gamo-

yenebul iqnas gamomcemlis werilobiTi nebarTvis gareSe. saavtoro
uflebebis darRveva isjeba kanoniT.

gamomcemloba buneba printi

Tbilisi 0160, saqarTvelo
tel: 8 99 19 06 27
veb-gverdi: www.bunebaprint.ge

saqarTvelos bunebis SenarCunebis centri - bude

safosto yuTi 56, Tbilisi 0160, saqarTvelo
tel: (995 32) 32 64 96, faqsi: (995 32) 53 74 78;
el-fosta: [email protected], veb-gverdi: www.gccw.org

2
 Sinaarsi

winasityvaoba 4
sokoTa zogadi daxasiaTeba 6
sikoTa Segroveba 17
saWmel sokoTa kvebiTi Rirebuleba 19
saWmel da Sxamian sokoTa gamocnoba 20
Sxamiani sokoebi da maT mier gamowveuli mowamvla 22
pirveladi daxmareba sokoTa mowamvliasas 25
sokoTa xelovnuri moSeneba 25
sokoTa gadamuSaveba 27
sokosagan kerZebis damzadeba 30
sokoTa aRwera 33
redaqtorisagan 239
sokoebis qarTuli saxelwodebaTa saZiebeli 245
sokoebis laTinuri saxelwodebaTa saZiebeli 248
sokoebis rusul saxelwodebaTAa saZiebeli 251
rekomendirebuli literatura 256

3
 winasityvaoba

saWmel sokoebs didi mniSvneloba aqvs adamianisaTvis,

rogorc damatebiT srulfasovan, yuaTian produqts da cilo-
vani kvebis erT-erT wyaros.
saqarTveloSi mravali kargi soko izrdeba. zogierTi didi
raodenobiTac aris gavrcelebuli, mosaxleoba ki saWmelad
xmarobs mis umniSvnelo nawils, ris gamoc didi raodenobiT
ikargeba es iaffasiani da Zvirfasi kvebis produqti. CvenSi
saWmeli sokoebi, ZiriTadad, nedli, axlad mokrefili
gamoiyeneba (mosaxrakavad, Sesawvavad). iSviaTia gaxmoba,
damwnileba da damuJuJeba, magram, miuxedavad amisa, saWmel
sokoebs dReisaTvis saqarTvelos mosaxleobis kvebiT ra-
cionSi garkveuli adgili uWiravs. CvenSi saWmelad iyeneben
30-mde sokos saxeobas, danarCeni ki ar gamoiyeneba. zogierTi
eWviT uyurebs iseT Zvirfas sokos, rogoricaa daTvis soko,
aryisZira, verxvisZira da sxv., maSin rodesac qveynis zogierT
kuTxeSi saWmelad xmaroben mdare kategoriis sokos, rogo-

4
ricaa saCeCela da zRarba sokoebi, Zerana da a.S. saerTod ki sa-
qarTveloSi yvelaze metad fasobs niyvi, qama, xeTamxali,
kalmaxa da manWkvala.
qarTveli xalxi Soreuli warsulidan icnobs sokoebs, rom-
lebic sxvadasxva kuTxeSi xSirad sxvadasxva saxeliT aris
cnobili. kerZod, romel sokos miekuTvneba mTeli rigi
qarTuli saxelebi, jer kidev ar aris dadgenili. aseTebia:
barqazi, gorniWula, Txilis soko, jonjolia, lebani, manjani-
ki, nafetvara, riga, komSis soko, qveSnigvzisa, RariRona,
Cobayo, xbos Subla, zurgmagara, berZnula soko da zogierTi
sxvac. winamdebare wignis dawera gamoiwvia Cveni mosaxleobis
didma dainteresebam saWmeli sokoebiT da, meore mxriv, am
sakiTxis Sesaxeb qarTul enaze arsebulma metad mwirma lite-
raturam, romelic xSirad an ukve moZvelebulia, an masSi mo-
cemuli cnobebi arazusti da zogjer arasworia.
saqarTveloSi sokos bevri moyvarulia, romlebic kargad
erkvevian sokoebSi, Tumca mosaxleobis udides nawils
araviTari codna ara aqvs. winamdebare wigni miznad isaxavs,
miawodos mkiTxvels sokos gasarkvevad saWiro yvela cnoba;
daadginos, saWmelia igi Tu Sxamiani da rogor unda momzad-
des.
wignis TavSi mocemulia sokoTa zogadi daxasiaTeba, rome-
lSic mkiTxveli gaecnoba sokoTa agebulebas, gamravlebasa
Tu gavrcelebas, maTs kvebiT Rirebulebas da sxv. garkveulia,
rogor unda gavarCioT saWmeli da Sxamiani sokoebi; mowode-
bulia cnobebi sokoTi mowamvlis xasiaTis, pirveladi daxma-
rebisa da misT. Sesaxeb; ganxilulia sokoTa xelovnurad moSe-
nebisa da gadamuSavebis sakiTxebi, sokosagan ama Tu im kerZis
damzadebis wesi.
Semdeg aRwerilia sokos 201-mde saxeoba, romelTagan 122
saWmelia, 22 – pirobiTi saWmeli, 24 – Sxamiani, xolo 33 –
saWmelad uvargisi.
warmodgenilia TiToeuli sokos qarTuli, laTinuri da
rusuli saxelwodebebi da feradi suraTi. im sokoTa saxelebi,
romlebic qarTulad ar iyo cnobili, Targmnilia
laTinuridan an rusulidan. Semdeg mocemulia TiToeuli sa-
xeobis aRwera (mokle diagnozi), adgilsamyofeli, rodis
izrdeba da kvebiTi Rirebuleba; ganxilulia saWmel sokoTa is
saxeobebi, romlebic yvelaze farTodaa gavrcelebuli

5
saqarTveloSi. rac Seexeba Sxamian sokoebs, aq moyvanilia
TiTqmis yvela saxeoba, romelic ki CvenSi gvxvdeba.
wigni gankuTvnilia sazogadoebis farTo wrisaTvis. igi
daxmarebas gauwevs yvelas, vinc ki dainteresebulia
sokoebiT.

sokoTa zogadi daxasiaTeba

sokoebi cocxal organizmTa Soris sakmaod did jgufs

warmoadgens. dRemde msoflioSi aRwerilia 100.000-mde saxeo-
ba. saqarTveloSi maTi ricxvi 6.000-ze metia, aqedan e.w.
Tvalxiluli (makromicetebi) 1.000 saxeobamdea cnobili.
sokoebi yovelTvis umdables mcenareebad iTvlebodnen,
bolo xans ki maT gamoyofen calke damoukidebel samyarod,
rogorc Sualedurs mcenareul da cxovelur samyaroTa
Soris. isini mTeli rigi niSnebiT cxovelebs emsgavsebian,
magaliTad: ar gaaCniaT qlorofili (mwvane pigmenti) da amis
gamo sakvebad mza organul nivTierebas iyeneben, e.i. isini het-
erotrofuli organizmebia. nivTierebaTa cvlaSi Sardovana
axasiaTebs, ujredis garsi qitins Seicavs, samarago nivTi-
ereba glikogenia da ara saxamebeli. mTeli rigi niSnebiT ki
isini mcenareebs emsgavsebian: axasiaTebT ganusazRvreli
zrda da sakvebs Seiwoven hifebis zedapiriT (adsorbciuli
kveba). sokoebi, simravlesTan erTad, xasiaTdebian didi
mravalferovnebiT. aq Semodis, erTi mxriv, yvelasaTvis cno-
bili qudiani da abeda sokoebi sakmaod didi da rTuli age-
bulebis nayofsxeulebiT (makromicetebiT) da, meore mxriv,
SeuiaraRebeli TvaliT SeumCneveli mikroskopuli saxeobebi
(mikromicetebi) sxvadasxva obebis, fifqebis, wertilebisa Tu
laqebis saxiT. am ors, ganurCevlad maTi nayofsxeulis
sididisa da agebulebisa, saerTo isa aqvs, rom orive eweva sap-
rotroful (saprofitul), parazitul an simbiotroful (sim-
biozur) cxovrebas. is, rac xalxur sityvierebaSi ,,sokos”
saxelwodebiTaa cnobili, warmoadgens soko-organizmis na-
yofsxeuls da Seesabameba yvavilovan mcenareTa nayofs. TviT
sokos sxeuli ki warmoadgens substraqtSi garTxmuli wvrili
datotvili Zafebis sistemas, romelsac miceliumi ewodeba.

6
TiToeuli Zafi hifis saxeliTaa cnobili. miceliumis feri
umravles SemTxvevaSi TeTria.
sokoebi mravldebian sporebiT – metad patara zomis war-
monaqmnebiT. erTeuli sporis danaxva mikroskopis gareSe
SeuZlebelia. warmoSobis, formis, zomisa da feris mixedviT
sporebi sxvadasxvagvaria: SeiZleba iyos erTujrediani da
mravalujrediani, uferuli da Seferili. formiT –
Zafisebri, cilindruli, TiTistarisebri, kvercxisebri,
sferosebri, varskvlavisebri da sxva. warmoSobis mixedviT
SeiZleba iyos usqeso da sqesobrivi, egzogenuri (garegani) da
endogenuri (Sinagani).

bazidialur da CanTian sokoTa sporebis tipebi

miceliumis agebulebis, gamravlebisa da sqesobrivi proce-

sis xasiaTis mixedviT sokoebi, Tanamedrove klasifikaciiT,
iyofa 8 klasad: qitridiomicetebi, hipoqitridiomicetebi,
oomicetebi, zigomicetebi, triqomicetebi, askomicetebi, anu
CanTiani sokoebi, bazidiomicetebi da deiteromicetebi, anu
usrulo sokoebi. miceliumis agebulebis mixedviT isini
iyofian umdables da umaRles sokoebad. umdables sokoebs
uujredo, zogjer titveli miceliumi axasiaTebT, e.i. miceli-
umis hifebs tixrebi ara aqvs, xolo umaRlesi sokoebis hifebi
datixrulia. pirveli xuTi klasis warmomadgenlebi umdables
sokoebs ganekuTvneba, danarCeni ki umaRlesi sokoebia.

7
 sokoebi gavrcelebulia yvelgan. maTi sporebi, miceliumis
naglejebi da sxva warmonaqmnebi gvxvdeba niadagSi, haersa da
wyalSi. sokoebi viTardeba aseve mcenareul da cxovelur
narCenebze, mTel rig xelovnuri warmoSobis nivTierebebze,
masalebsa da sagnebze.
didia sokoTa roli bunebasa da adamianis cxovrebaSi. isini
warmoadgenen organul nivTierebaTa aqtiur damSlelebs da
amiT did rols asruleben bunebaSi nivTierebaTa cvlis
procesSi, niadagis organul nivTierebaTa warmoSobaSi, misi
nayofierebis gazrdaSi. mravali paTogenuri soko iwvevs
mcenareTa, cxovelTa da adamianis daavadebas, merqnis daSlas
da sxva. sokoebidan miiReba mravali antibiotiki (sxvadasxva
micinebi), vitaminebi, fermentebi da sxv. kvebis mrewvelobaSi
didi mniSvneloba eniWeba safuara sokoebs (puris cxobaSi,
meRvineobasa da ludis warmoebaSi). didi mniSvneloba aqvs
saWmel sokoebs adamianis, Sinaur da gareul cxovelTa kvebaSi.
3
1

2
4

himenialuri Sris formebi:

1. naoWiani, 2. xorklebiani, 3. firfitebiani, 4. forebiani, 5. sada.

saWmeli da Sxamiani sokoebi CanTiani da bazidiani klas(eb)is

warmomadgenlebia; maTi nayofsxeuli xorcovania, wvniani da
umravles SemTxvevaSi Sedgeba qudisa da fexisagan, ris gamoc
isini cnobilia qudian sokoTa saxelwodebiT. zogierTi saxeo-
ba fexis gareSea, qudi ki mimagrebulia uSualod substratze.
fexi umravles SemTxvevaSi centraluria, e.i. qudis centrSia
mimagrebuli, magram zogjer eqscentrulia an gverdiTi. qudis
8
qveda mxares moTavsebulia firfitebi, ZarRviseburi warmo-
naqmnebi, forebi (milebi), xorklebi, naoWebi, anda gluvi
zedapiri aqvs. qudis qveda zedapirze arsebuli warmonaqmnebis
kedelze, romelsac himenialuri Sre ewodeba, viTardeba
bazidiumebi da maTze mjdomi sporebi. gamonakliss warmoadge-
nen CanTiani sokoebi, romelTac sporebi CanTebSi uviTarde-
baT da gvxvdeba rogorc qudis qveda, ise zeda zedapirze. aseve
datotvebis zedapirze sporebi aqvT ganviTarebuli saCeCela
sokoebs. rac Seexeba gasteromicitebs, maT sporebi
uviTardebaT nayofsxeulis SigniT.
firfitebs, forebs, ZarRvebs an xorklebs fexis mimarT
SeiZleba hqondeT Semdegnairi wyoba: Tavisufali – rodesac
fexs ar exeba, amokveTili – rodesac fexTan aris Sezrdili
kbiliseburad, Sezrdili – rodesac mTeli zedapiriT aris
Sezrdili fexTan, da daRmavali, rodesac zedapiri mTlianad
aris Sezrdili da amave dros fexsac dauyveba Zirisaken.
qudi formiT SeiZleba iyos naxevarsferosebri,
baliSisebri, cilindruli, zarisebri, Tirkmlisebri,
Zabrisebri, burTisebri, buCqisebri, jamisebri, enisebri da
a.S. qudis zeda zedapiri SeiZleba iyos sada, zolebiani,
daRaruli, fifqovani, qerclovani, bususiani, jagrebiani,
meWeWebiani, xorkliani, boWkoiani, koncentrulad wyo-
bilzolebiani, laqebiani, webovani, lorwoiani an mSrali.
qudis feri SeiZleba iyos TeTri, nacrisferi, yviTeli, yavis-
feri, wiTeli, lurji, mwvane da a.S. SeiZleba erTi feris
nacvlad ramdenime feri axasiaTebdes, an qudi erTi ferisa
iyos, fexi ki – sxva, anda qudis erTi nawili ufro muqad iyos
Seferili, kideebi – ufro bacad. aseve, fexic qudisaken
SeiZleba erTi ferisa iyos, Zirisaken ki – sxva da a.S. zogierT
sokos zrdis sawyis stadiaSi qudis kideebi SigniT aqvs
Sekecili, Semdeg ki eSleba an Sekecili rCeba bolomde, anda
qudis kideebi jer gaSlilia, Semdeg ki – zeviT agrexili da a.S.
fexi, romelic qudis sayrdens warmoadgens, SeiZleba iyos
cilindruli, qudisken ufro wvrili, xolo Zirisken – gamsx-
vilebuli, an piriqiT; SeiZleba ZirSi bolovdebodes
bolqviseburad da a.S. fexi SeiZleba iyos drekadi
(elastikuri) an myife, SigniT mTliani, fuye (carieli, milise-
bri), an amovsebuli bambisebri masiT.
zogierT sokos ganviTarebis dasawyisSi, norCobaSi, qudis

9
 Tavisufali odnav farTod
mimagrebuli Sezrdili

amokveTili Sezrdili daRmavali

kbiliT

ganieri viwro xerxisebri

advilad momrgvalebuli Sualeduri

mocilebadi

himenialuri Sris fexis mimarT ganwyobis saxeebi

10
 xarisfaSva
sporebis
ganlageba
naoWebSi
gudafSuka (kamerebSi)

sokos kani (peridiumi) sporebis

ganlageba (gleba)
siRrue

grZivboWkovani arSiebiani
qerclovani
badisebri

fexis zedapirebi

amozneqili brtylad- brtyeli CaWyletili

amozneqili

borcvakiT wvetiani konusisebri zarisebri Zabrisebri

qudis formebi

11
 qudis zedapirebi qudis kideebis firfitebis
formebi formebi

damskdari talRiseburi
xSiri

boWkovan-qerclovani danakvTuli
meCxeri

qerclovani naoWiani, daRaruli

Canglisebri

meWeWebiani an saerTo damskdari gantotvili

saburvlis nafleTebiT

12
kideebi fexze aqvs mikruli, milebs an firfitebs ki
gadakruli aqvs apkisebri saburveli, romelic maT damcvels
warmoadgens da romelsac kerZo saburveli ewodeba. qudis
gaSlisas saburveli ixeva da imisda mixedviT, Tu sokos romel
saxeobasTana gvaqvs saqme, qudis kideebze foCebis an fexze
sayelos saxiT rCeba. garda amisa, arsebobs kidev ablabudise-
bri kerZo saburveli. xSirad kerZo saburveli sokos
momwifebisas sruliad qreba.
zogierT sokos axasiaTebs agreTve e.w. saerTo saburveli,
3

d
d
1 e
e

b b

a g g

Amanita-sebr sokoTa ganviTarebis sqema.

1.kvercxisebri stadia (mTeli nayofsxeuli saerTo saburvlis qveSaa
moqceuli).
2. saerTo saburvlis gaglejis Semdgomi stadia. (saerTo saburvlis narCenebi
rCeba fexze _ Tavisufali volvis saxiT, nafleTebi zogjer qudzedac rCeba).
3. ganviTarebis bolo stadia: a - saerTo saburveli, b - kerZo saburveli, g-
fexis ZirSi darCenili saerTo saburvlis narCenebi (Tavisufali volvo), d-
qudze darCenili saerTo saburvlis nafleTi, e - kerZo saburvlis narCeni
fexze (sayelo).

romelSic sokos nayofsxeuli norCobaSi mTlianad aris

gaxveuli, Semdeg ki, sokos zrdasTan erTad, saburveli ixeva
da zog warmomadgenels parkisebri warmonaqmnis (volvis) an
koncentruli zolebis saxiT rCeba fexis Zirze; amave dros
qudis zedapirze tovebs fifqisebr an meWeWisebr warmonaqm-
nebs, romlebic xelis gadasmisas an mofxekisas advilad
scildeba.
arsebobs sokoebi, romelTac axasiaTebT mxolod kerZo

13
 1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8
fexis formebi:

1. morgvisebri;
2. gamoberili;
3. ZirSi gamsxvilebuli (kverTxisebri);
4. cilindruli;
5. fexfesviani;
6. konusuri;
7. TiTistarisebri;
8. cilindruli, ZirSi bolqviT.

saburveli an mxolod saerTo saburveli, zogjer ki – erTic

da meorec.
sokoTa gasarkvevad erT-erT mniSvnelovan niSans warmoad-
gens sporebis forma, zoma, feri da zedapiris xasiaTi,
romelTa gagebac aucileblad mokroskopis saSualebiT xdeba,
feris gageba ki SeiZleba mikroskopis gareSec; amisaTvis
saWiroa inaxos firfitebis, forebis an ZarRvebis kedlebis
feri, romelic sporebis fersac gviCvenebs. sporebis feris
gageba SeiZleba agreTve sokos irgvliv arsebuli sagnebiTac
(Camocvenili foTlebi, balaxi da sxv.), romlebzedac xSirad
cviva xolme sporebi. qudian sokoTa gasarkvevad
mniSvnelovani niSania agreTve nayofsxeulis rbilobis feri
da misi cvalebadoba haerze. zogi sokos rbilobi TeTri, yvi-

14
 qudi

forebi

sporebis ganlageba forebSi

nasvretebi
fexi

Ziri qudi qudis rbilobi

forebiani soko

sporebis
ganlageba
sayelo
firfitebi

volva
fexi

bolqvi

firfitebiani soko

15
Teli an sxva ferisaa, romelic haerze zogjer wiTldeba,
lurjdeba, mwvandeba da a.S. amis gasagebad saWiroa sokos gada-
texa an gadaWra da dakvirveba. zogi swrafad icvlis fers,
zogi ki – ramdenime saaTis Semdeg. aris saxeobebi, romelTa
rbilobi haerze jer wiTldeba, Semdeg ki lurjdeba an
ucvleli rCeba da a.S. rZiani sokoebi (gvari Lactarius) gadate-
xisas an gadaWrisas gamoyofen rZismagvar siTxes, romelic
TeTria, uferuli an iseTi ferisa, romelic haerze fers ic-
vlis an ucvleli rCeba da a.S. sokos niSan-TvisebaTa gasarkve-
vad aucilebelia agreTve rbilobis sunisa da gemos codnac.

sokos miceliumisa da mcenaris fesvebis kavSiris sqema _ simbiozi.

16
 sokoTa Segroveba

sokoTa Segrovebam didi gataceba icis, gansakuTrebiT

maSin, rodesac mTeli tye mofenilia nairferovani sokoebiT.
es metad xalisiani da aqtiuri dasvenebac aris da mas sxva
sasargeblo mxarec aqvs. sokoTa Segrovebas mesame
nadirobasac ki uwodeben. sokoebi yvelaze didi raodenobiT
tyeSi niadagze an dampal xeebze gvxvdeba: sokoTa Segroveba
adre gazafxulidan gvian Semodgomamde SeiZleba: Tbili
gazafxulis dros dablob adgilebSi, gansakuTrebiT aRmosav-
leT saqarTvelos zamTris saZovrebze, saqonlis sadgom adgi-
lebTan. xSirad qamasokos didi raodenobiT SevxvdebiT
martSi. gviani Semodgomidan mTeli zamTris periodSi (Tu
zamTari Tbilia da uTovlo) gamxmar da dampal xeebze xSirad
gvxvdeba zamTris soko. wiwvian tyeebSi aprilidan xarisfaSva
izrdeba, Semdeg TveebSi ki saxeobaTa ricxvi TandaTan matu-
lobs da yvelaze uxvad Semodgomaze gvxvdeba tyeebSi. sokoTa
Segroveba didi raodenobiT, Cveulebriv, wvimis Semdeg
SeiZleba. SemCneulia, rom, Tu gvalvian zafxuls wvimiani
Semodgoma mohyva da haeris temperaturam daiwia, xolo Semdeg
mziani, Tbili amindi dadga, sokoTa nayofsxeulebi didi rao-
denobiT viTardeba (uamravi soko amodis). aseTi amindebi
CvenSi xSirad seqtember-oqtomberSi dgeba. imisda mixedviT,
Tu sokos romeli saxeobaa, nayofsxeuli, miwis zedapirze
gamoCenidan moyolebuli, srul ganviTarebas aRwevs 1-7
dReSi. es vada didadaa damokidebuli garemo pirobebze.
xSirad tyeSi, tyis piras, mdeloze gvxvdeba garkveul
sokoTa jgufi, romlebic niadagze wriuladaa ganlagebuli.
mas ,,qajis wres” uwodeben, da masze uZvelesi droidan uamravi
legenda arsebobs. dRes mecniereba am movlenas Zalian marti-
vad xsnis: cnobilia, rom sokoTa vegetatiuri sxeuli –
miceliumi, Tavisi ganStoebebiT – hifebiT, radialurad
izrdeba. xSirad miceliumis Sida hifebi SuaSi swrafad
gamofitaven niadags da kvdebian, xolo gare hifebi izrdebian
da iZlevian nayofsxeulebs. ramdenime wlis Semdeg nayof-
sxeulebi ganlagdebian jgufis kideebze, sadac maTTvis kidev
moipoveba sakvebi nivTierebani da, Tu xelisSemSlelma bune-
brivma pirobebma (qva, soro da a.S.) ar SeuSala xeli, SeiZleba
,,qajis wris” diametrma ramdenime metrs miaRwios.

17
aRsaniSnavia, rom ,,qajis wris” diametris mixedviT SeiZleba
dadgindes misi asaki.

`qajis wre~

saWmel sokoTa Segroveba ar SeiZleba saavtomobilo magis-

tralebis gaswvriv, qalaqis parkebsa da baRebSi, sadac xeebs
asxureben Sxamqimikatebs daavadebaTa da mavnebelTa
winaaRmdeg; ar SeiZleba maTi Segroveba didi qarxnebis
midamoebSic, radgan sokos Seswevs unari niadagidan, haeridan
da merqnidan daagrovos mavne nivTierebebi da mZime metalebi,
rac saWmel sokos Sxamians xdis. sokoTa Segrovebisas yvelaze
umjobesia sokos ZirSi moWra daniT niadagis piras (miwis
pirze) an xeliT mogleja. dauSvebelia niadagis gaqeqva an
amoCiCqna, radgan amiT vazianebT miceliums, rasac SeiZleba
sokos daRupva mohyves. saWiroa Segrovdes axalgazrda, maga-

18
ri, saRi nayofsxeulebi. matlebiT dazianebuli sokos
Segroveba ar varga, radgan, garda imisa, rom igi saWmelad
gamousadegaria, man SeiZleba sxva egzemplarebic daazianos.
xSiria SemTxveva, rodesac sokos Segrovebisas zogierTi
fexiT sress misTvis ucnob sokos, rogorc uvargiss, rac
yovlad dauSvebelia, radgan amiT SeiZleba moispos Cveni
qveynisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli esa Tu is iSviaTi da saintereso
saxeoba. garda amisa, soko xom bunebis mSvenebaa, rogoric ar
unda iyos is. moxmarebamde didi gulmodginebiT unda
gadairCes da daxarisxdes yoveli saxeoba cal-calke, raTa
mTlianad gamoiricxos Sxamiani sokos Serevis yovelgvari
SesaZlebloba.
sokoTa Segroveba yvelaze moxerxebulia kalaTaSi an
saTilSi (vedroSi). badeSi, parkSi an CanTaSi maTi Segroveba ar
SeiZleba, radgan sokoebi imtvreva da kargavs Tavis Rirsebas.

saWmel sokoTa kvebiTi Rirebuleba.

saWmeli sokos nayofsxeuli Seicavs cilebs, naxSirwylebs,

cximebs, nacrovan elementebsa da vitaminebs (A, B1, B2, C, D,
PP), agreTve eqstraqtul nivTierebebs, romlebic sokos
specifikur aromatsa da sasiamovno gemos sZenen, es
ukanaskneli ki adamians madas uRviZebs. sokoebi Seicaven mTel
rig fermentebs, romlebic aCqareben cilebis, naxSirwylebisa
da cximebis daSlas, xels uwyoben sakvebis ukeT SeTvisebas.
saWmeli sokos axali nayofsxeuli 85-95% wyals Seicavs. soko
mravlad Seicavs cilebs, romelTagan yvelaze damaxasi-
aTebelia sokos ujredana fungini, anu micetini, romelic Ta-
visi SemadgenlobiT axlos dgas qitinTan. sokos ujredana
Znelad mosanelebelia, rac mniSvnelovnad aqveiTebs sokos
kvebiT Rirebulebas. naxSirwylebi sokos nayofsxeulSi
gacilebiT naklebia, vidre cilebi. naxSirwylebidan,
glukozis garda, Seicavs sokos Saqars – tregalozas, anu
mikozas. sokosTvis damaxasiaTebelia cxoveluri saxamebeli –
glikogeni. sokoSi cximebi ufro naklebia, vidre cilebi da na-
xSirwylebi. CamoTvlili nivTierebebi gacilebiT metia qudSi,

19
vidre fexSi. yvelaze met cxims Seicavs himenialuri Sre. yve-
laze meti cila norC nayofsxeulSia.
sokosgan damzadebul kerZebs is Tviseba axasiaTebs, rom
misi mcire raodenobiT Wamis drosac ki adamians simaZRris
grZnoba eufleba, rac metad mniSvnelovania organizmis
gantvirTvisas.
amdenad, saWmeli sokoebi Tavisi qimiuri SedgenilobiT, ka-
loriulobiTa da yuaTianobiT adamianisaTvis erT-erT
Zvirfas, srulfasovan produqts warmoadgens.

saWmel da Sxamian sokoTa gamocnoba

mosaxleobaSi gavrcelebulia cru Sexeduleba, TiTqos

arsebobdes mTeli rigi martivi saSualebebi, romlebiTac
advilad SeiZleba imis gageba, soko saWmelia Tu Sxamiani.
moviyvanoT am SexedulebaTa ramdenime yvelaze gavrcelebu-
li magaliTi:
Tu sokos gadatexisas misi rbilobi haerze fers icvlis,
fiqroben, rom soko saWmelad uvargisia. sinamdvileSi sokos
rbilobis haerze feris cvalebadoba damokidebulia qromo-
genebze, romelTac SeiZleba Seicavdes rogorc Sxamiani, ise
saWmeli soko.
aris iseTi Sexedulebac, TiTqos is sokoebi, romlebsac
mwerebi azianeben (aWianeben), saWmelia, xolo romlebsac ar
aWianeben, – Sxamiania. es Sexedulebac mcdaria, radgan mwerebi
aWianeben rogorc Sxamian, ise saWmel sokos. SeiZleba
piriqiTac moxdes:L magaliTad, yvelaze Sxamiani soko – Sxama
TiTqmis mudam daWianebulia, maSin roca saukeTeso saWmeli
soko miqlio arasdros Wiandeba.
yvelaze didi ~popularobiT~ sargeblobs Sexeduleba, rom,
Tu vercxlis kovzs CavdebT qvabSi, sadac soko ixarSeba (mzad-
deba), Sxamiani sokos arsebobis SemTxvevaSi kovzi gaSavdeba.
magram vercxlis kovzis gaSaveba xom gamowveulia im
aminomJavebis qimiuri moqmedebiT, romlebic gogirds
Seicavs, ris Sedegadac warmoiSoba Savi feris gogirdovani
vercxli. aseT aminomJavebs ki SeiZleba Seicavdes rogorc

20
saWmeli, ise Sxamiani soko.
mcdari Sexedulebaa agreTve, TiTqos xaxvis an nivris
bolqvi gayavisfrdeba an galurjdeba Sxamian sokosTan erTad
moxarSvisas. sinamdvileSi ki bolqvis feris Secvlas iwvevs
sokoSi ferment tirozinazis arseboba, romelsac SeiZleba
Seicavdes rogorc Sxamiani, ise saWmeli soko.
aseve mcdaria Sexeduleba, TiTqos Sxamian sokoebs axa-
siaTebs cudi, xolo saWmel sokoebs – sasiamovno suni. mrava-
li Sxamiani sokos suni ar gansxvavdeba kargi saWmeli sokos
sunisagan.
igive iTqmis im Sexedulebaze, TiTqos Sxamiani sokoebi
iwveven rZis aWras, xolo saWmeli sokoebi – ara. cxadia, arc es
azria swori, vinaidan rZis aWras iwvevs sokoSi pefsinis tipis
fermentebi da organuli mJavebis arseboba, romlebsac
Seicavs rogorc saWmeli, ise Sxamiani soko.
aris agreTve Sexeduleba, TiTqos norCobaSi yvela soko
saWmelia, Tumca Sxamiani sokoc iseve momwamvlelia
norCobaSi, rogorc zrdadasrulebuli.
amrigad, mosaxleobaSi gavrcelebuli yvela zemoT CamoTv-
lili ~wesi~ Sxamiani sokos dasadgenad mcdari da miuRebelia.
sokos Sxamianobis sakiTxi xSirad adamianis organizmzedac
aris damokidebuli: zogi sruliad ver itans saukeTeso
saWmel sokoebsac ki, zogs ki mcired Sxamiani sokos Wamis
SemTxvevaSic ki mowamvlis araviTari niSani ar etyoba. es
sakiTxi damokidebulia agreTve sokos saWmelad momzadebis
wesze, WurWelze, romelSic igi mzaddeba, aseve imaze, soko
norCia Tu gadaberebuli. mag., SeiZleba kargma saWmelma sokom
mowamvla gamoiwvios, Tu is gadaberebulia. imis gasagebad,
CvenTvis ucnobi soko saWmelia Tu Sxamiani, saWiroa wignis
moSvelieba. Tu sakiTxis garkvevisas Rrmad darwmunebuli ara
varT, rom soko saWmelia, maSin Tavi unda SevikavoT misi gamo-
yenebisagan.

21
 Sxamiani sokoebi da maT mier gamowveuli mowamvla

Sxamianad iTvleba yvela is soko, romelic Seicavs Sxamian

nivTierebas da iwvevs mowamvlas. arsebobs pirobiTad saWmeli
sokoebi, romlebic agreTve Seicaven Sxamian nivTierebebs,
magram maTi Termuli damuSavebis Semdeg (wyalSi wamoduReba
10-20 wuTs, naxarSis gadaRvra) SeiZleba maTi gamoyeneba.
Sxamebi, romelTac Seicaven sokoebi, TavianTi moqmedebis
mixedviT, sam jgufad iyofa: pirvel jgufs ganekuTvneba is
Sxamebi, romlebic mxolod saWmlis momnelebeli sistemis
moSlas iwveven. maTi moqmedeba Wamidan, Cveulebriv, 1-2 saaTis
Semdeg vlindeba da gamoixateba gulisrevasa da RebinebaSi,
muclis tkivilSi, oflianobaSi, dasustebasa da faRaraTSi. am
saxis mowamvlas iwvevs Sxamiani qama, Wreli qama, mouxarSavi
manWkvala, gauTuTqavi bRavana, arya da zogierTi sxva.
meore jgufis Sxamebi moqmedeben nervul centrebze.
mowamvlis niSnebi vlindeba 0,5-4 saaTis Semdeg da gamoixate-
ba Zlier gulisrevasa da RebinebaSi, faRaraTSi,
TavbrusxvevaSi, gonebis dakargvaSi, Zlier oflianobaSi,
isteriul sicilsa da tirilSi, halucinaciaSi. am saxis
mowamvlas iwvevs ZiriTadad cadamayvana da TavWedila, rom-
lebic Seicaven Sxamebs – muskarinsa da muskaritons. aseTsave
mowamvlas iwvevs patuiras boWkovana, TeTri klitocibe, mo-
TeTro klitocibe da zogierTi sxva.
mesame jgufis SxamebiT mowamvlis niSnebi sokos Wamidan 8-
70 saaTis Semdeg vlindeba, xolo TviT mowamvla 15 dRemde
grZeldeba da TiTqmis mudam sikvdiliT mTavrdeba. kuWSi mox-
vedrili Sxamebi pirvel xanebSi ar iwvevs SesamCnev mowamvlas;
mowamvlis niSnebi SeimCneva mxolod maSin, rodesac Sxami
miaRwevs tvinamde da moqmedebs nervul centrebze, romlebic
aregulireben Sinagan organoTa funqciebs. amis Semdeg iwyeba
kuWis wvenisa da lorwos intensiuri gamoyofa, rasac mosdevs
gulisreva da faRaraTi. organizmi ganicdis wylis nakleboba-
sa da dauokebel wyurvilis grZnobas, sqeldeba sisxli, avad-
myofs ulurjdeba tuCebi da frCxilebi, ucivdeba xel-fexi,
ewyeba krunCxvebi. SemdgomSi Sxami adamblavebs nervebs, rom-
lebic awesrigeben sisxlZarRvTa muSaobas, ris Sedegadac
ZarRvebSi xdeba sisxlis Sekaveba, ecema wneva. am dros xdeba
RviZlis, Tirkmlisa da gulis cximovani gadagvareba. avadmyo-

22
Sxama

fis janmrTeloba swrafad uaresdeba da TiTqmis mudam

sikvdiliT Tavdeba. aseT mowamvlas iwvevs Sxama, manWkvalas
matyuara, crumanWkvala, ablabuda (kortinariusis) da inoci-
bes gvarebis zogierTi warmomadgeneli, aRniSnuli Sxamiani
sokoebi Seicaven ZiriTadad falotoqsinebisa da amo-
toqsinebis Sxamebis jgufis, rogoricaa faloidini, faloini,
falini, falisini, falicini, falizini da sxv.
saWmeli sokoebi – silio, muxisZira, mglis soko da zogier-
Ti sxva, spirtian sasmelTan erTad, iwvevs mowamvlas, rac
gamoixateba SemdegSi: 0,5 – 2 saaTis Semdeg iwyeba saxis
gawiTleba, Semdeg sxeulis umetesi nawili iisferi xdeba,

23
cxviris wveri da yuris bibiloebi uferuldeba, sxeulis tem-
peratura matulobs, Cndeba wyurvilis Zlieri grZnoba,
gulisreva da faRaraTi, majiscema Cqardeba, avadmyofs uWirs
laparaki, mxedveloba akldeba. garkveuli xnis Semdeg yvela es
movlena gaivlis, magram, Tu mowamlulma meore dRes spirti-
ani sasmeli isev dalia, mowamvlis aRwerili niSnebi ganmeor-
deba.
sokoTi mowamvlis intesivobisaTvis didi mniSvneloba aqvs
saWmlad miRebuli Sxamiani sokos raodenobas, adamianis
janmrTelobas (gansakuTrebiT, saWmlis momnelebeli apara-
tis, RviZlisa da Tirkmlebis mdgomareobas), ra saxiT SeWama
soko (axali, nedli soko yovelTvis ufro toqsikuria, vidre
moxarSuli an sxvagvarad damzadebuli). mZime Sedegebi mos-
devs Sxamiani sokoTi bavSvebisa da moxucebis mowamvlas.
sokoTi mowamvlis Tavidan asacileblad ueWvelad unda
gvaxsovdes, rom saWmelad unda Segrovdes mxolod is sokoebi,
romlebic CvenTvis kargad aris cnobili, rogorc saWmeli
saxeobebi; mciredi eWvis SemTxvevaSic ki Tavi unda SevikavoT
maTi saWmlad gamoyenebisagan.

cadamayvana

24
 pirveladi daxmareba sokoTi mowamvlisas

aucilebelia dauyovnebliv eqimis gamoZaxeba. eqimis

mosvlamde avadmyofi unda davawvinoT loginSi da mcire ylu-
pebiT davalevinoT civi marilwyali (es ramdenadme
Seumsubuqebs gulisrevas); rekomendebulia davalevinoT civi
magari Cai an yava. araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar SeiZleba spirtiani
sasmelis micema, radgan alkoholi xels uwyobs sokos Sxamis
Sewovas organizmis mier. Tu eqimi igvianebs, maSin
SesaZlebelia mieces 4-5 Wiqa da meti (2 litramde) oTaxis tem-
peraturis mqone aduRebuli wyali, romelSic unda gavxsnaT
saWmeli soda (erTi Cais kovzi soda erT Wiqa wyalze) an kaliu-
mis permanganati (vardisframde). amis Semdeg unda
gamoviwvioT Rebineba kovzis taris an TiTis daWeriT enis
Zirze (sasaze); es unda gavimeoroT 5-6-jer. nawlavebidan
sawamlavis gamosarecxad unda davalevinoT inglisuri mari-
li (erTi Wiqa wyalSi ixsneba ori sufris kovzi inglisuri
marili; skolamdel bavSvTaTvis es doza orjer mcirdeba).
yoveli Rebinebis Semdeg unda davalevinoT sasaqmebeli zeTi
da gaukeTdes oyna 1,2 litri wyliT (skolamdelebs 1 Wiqa). am
dros organizmi ganicdis wylis naklebobas. amitom avadmyofs
unda mieces civi magari Cai, yava an odnav mlaSe wyali. fexis
terfebsa da mucelze saTburi unda daedos.
saWmlis nawili kuWidan (amonaRebi) da sokos kerZidan unda
SevinaxoT. es gaaadvilebs mowamvlis mizezis dadgenasa da
saTanado RonisZiebis Catarebas.

sokoTa xelovnuri moSeneba

saWmel sokoTa moSenebis survili adamians uxsovari droi-

dan hqonda, xolo interesi misadmi da mniSvneloba me-20 sau-
kunis meore naxevridan gaZlierda, rodesac
kacobriobisaTvis sagrZnobi gaxda sakveb cilovan
nivTierebaTa nakleboba. adamiani iZulebuli gaxda eZebna
maTi wyaro. erT-erT aseT Zvirfas cilovan wyaros warmoad-
gens saWmeli sokoebi. velurad mozardi saWmeli sokoebis

25
Segroveba SeiZleba mxolod garkveul sezonze ~mosavlian~
wlebSi, rac, ra Tqma unda, ar iZleva stabiluri raodenobis
garantias. garda amisa, adamianis sameurneo moqmedebiT Cveni
tyeebisa da bunebrivi meurneobis farTobebi TandaTan mcir-
deba, rac iwvevs saWmel sokoTa resursebis klebas. amdenad
saWmel sokoTa xelovnur moSenebas didi mniSvneloba eniWeba
– garda imisa, rom maT mier mowamvlis SemTxvevebi gamoricxu-
lia.
dReisaTvis mravali Zvirfasi saWmeli sokos xelovnuri
moSeneba gadawyvetili ar aris. amis mTavari mizezi saWmel
sokoTa kvebis xasiaTis mravalferovnebaa. saxeobaTa erTi
jgufi – niadagis saprotrofebi _ sakvebad sxvadasxva organ-
ul narCenebs iyenebs, romlebic niadagis neSompalis
Semadgeneli nawilia; meore jgufis warmomadgenlebi iwveven
merqnis daSlas. mis sakvebs warmoadgens mkvdari an cocxali
merqani. aris kidev sokoTa didi jgufi – e.w. mikorizis Se-
mqmneli saxeobebi, romlebic kvebis xasiaTis mixedviT dakav-
Sirebulia cocxali xe-mcenaris an buCqis fesvebTan; am jgufs
miekuTvneba saWmel sokoTa umravlesoba.
sawarmoo masStabiT moSenebis yvelaze farTo gavrceleba
pova kulturulma an orsporianma qamam, romelic, SeiZleba
iTqvas, gaxda namdvili sasoflo-sameurneo kultura. mis
moSenebas msoflios 70-mde qveyanaSi misdeven da misi mosavali
erT milion tonamdea weliwadSi. am mxriv arc saqarTveloa
gamonaklisi: am saqmes emsaxureboda Tbilisis ori specialu-
ri meurneoba – gldansa da krwanisSi. qamasokos gamoyvanas
saqarTvelos mTel rig qalaqebSi kerZo pirebic misdeven.
gamoyofilia qamasokos mTeli rigi perspeqtiuli saxeobebi,
romelTa xelovnuri moSenebac mizanSewonilia, magaliTad:
qalaqis qama (orsayeloiani qama), mdelos qama, mindvris qama da
misT. niadagis sxva saprotrofebidan perspeqtiulia iisfera,
mindvris soko, weroswviva, mercxala, jimla da sxva.
merqnis damSlel sokoTa Soris xelovnurad moSenebis yve-
laze farTo xasiaTi miiRo kalmaxa sokom, romlis substra-
tad gamoyenebuli foTlovani xeebis merqani (narCenebi),
rogoricaa naxerxi, burbuSela, agreTve namja, simindis
fuCeCi da naquCi, bamba da misi narCenebi, foTlovan xe mcena-
reebis totebi da sxv. merqnis damSleli sxva saWmeli saxeobe-
bidan xelovnurad aSeneben floriduli xeTamxalis, siitakes,

26
beWedas, zamTris sokos, zafxulis manWkvalas, iudas yursa da
sxva: kulturaSi dasanergad CvenSi didi perspeqtiva aqvs
beWedas, romelic nakleb momTxovnia substratis mimarT da
misi moyvana SeiZleba Ria gruntSic ki. sokos es saxeoba didi
xania danergilia mTeli rigi qveynebis kulturaSi. es soko ar
Camouvardeba karg saWmel sokoebs arc qimiuri
SemadgenlobiTa da arc gemovnebiTi TvisebebiT.
rac Seexeba mikorizis Semqmnel saxeobebs, rogoricaa niyvi,
daTvis soko, mWada, aryisZira, xaxvilo, WeWketa da mravali
sxva, maTi xelovnuri moSeneba SeuZlebelia, radgan maTi
ganviTarebisaTvis aucilebelia garkveuli xe-mcenaris coc-
xali fesvebis arseboba, e.i. sokos miceliumisa da xis
Tanacxovreba. miRebulia laboratoriul pirobebSi mikori-
zis Semqmnel sokoTa xelovnuri kulturebi, magram maT
dReisaTvis mxolod mecnieruli mniSvneloba aqvs.

sokoTa gadamuSaveba

axlad mokrefil sokoTa Senaxva SeiZleba gaSrobiT, damwni-

lebiTa da damuJuJebiT.
gaSroba: sokoebi jer unda davaxarisxoT – yoveli saxeoba
cal-calke. TiToeul egzemplars unda movaciloT miwis nawi-
lebi, foTlebi, wiwvebi da sxv., movaWraT fexi himen(i)aluri
Sridan (forebidan da firfitebidan) 0,5 sm manZilze da
amovaWraT daWianebuli adgilebi (Tuki aseTebi arsebobs).
garecxva araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar SeiZleba, radganac gare-
cxili soko gaSrobisas Savdeba. gasaSrobi sokoebidan yvelaze
maRali kategoriis pruduqcias daTvis soko (Zirbuka) iZleva,
romlis quds calke aSroben, fexs ki – calke. saerTod gasaS-
robad vargisia, garda daTvis sokosi, qama, manWkvala, aryi-
sZira, verxvisZira, rcxilisZira da zogierTi sxva.
sokoTa gaSroba SeiZleba gazis quraze, eleqtroquraze an
saSrob karadaSi. gasaSrobad ixmareba specialuri mavTulis
bade, romelzedac erT fenad ewyoba sokoebi. sokoebiani bade
unda daikidos quris zemoT garkveul simaRleze, an daidgas
winaswar dawyobil agurebze. Cvens pirobebSi sokoebi kargad

27
Sreba Zafze asxmuli da mzeze gakiduli. sokos gaSroba
SeiZleba gagrZeldes erTi saaTidan erT dRemde da zogjer
metic, imisda mixedviT, ra zomisa da konsistenciis nayof-
sxeulebi gvaqvs. yvelaze kargad sokoebi Sreba saSrob ka-
radaSi. sokoTa gasaSrobad saWiroa jer 40-500, xolo Semdeg,
saboloo gasaSrobad, 60-700 temperatura. kargad gamSral so-
koSi sineste unda iyos 12 –14%. ase gamSrali soko elastiku-
ria, gaRunvisas (gazneqisas) ar imtvreva da xeliT Sexebisas
mSralia; Tu sokoebi normaze metad aris gamomSrali, maSin
isini imtvreva. aseTi sokoebisgan SeiZleba damzaddes sokos
fxvnili. gamSrali soko unda Caiwyos qsovilis parkSi an
tomaraSi da Seinaxos mSral adgilas.
damwnileba: soko iseve unda momzaddes, rogorc
gaSrobisas. damwnilebis sami wesi arsebobs: civi, cxeli da
mSrali. civi wesiT damwnilebisas iReben firfitian sokoebs,
iseTebs ki, romelTac mware da cxare gemo axasiaTebs (arya,
bRavana da sxva), winaswar alboben civ wyalSi erTi-ori
dReRamis ganmavlobaSi. dalbobiT sokos cxare gemo ramden-
adme ecleba, sabolood ki qreba damwnilebidan erTi Tvis an
Tvenaxevris Semdeg. gawmendis Semdeg sokoebi wyliT irecxeba
da maSinve ewyoba dasamwnileblad. cxeli wesiT damwnilebisas
garecxil sokoebs erTi-orjer gadaevleba mduRare wyali, an
ramdenime wuTiT Caiyreba mduRare wyalSi. Semdeg gadaevleba
civi wyali. gacivebis Semdeg xdeba damwnileba. damwnilebis
cxel wess iyeneben maSin, rodesac surT male miiRon sokos
mwnili. aseTi wesiT damwnilebuli soko mzad aris 1-2
dReRamis Semdeg. mSrali wesiT damwnilebas iSviaTad
mimarTaven; aseTi wesiT damwnilebisaTvis vargisia mxolod
mWada. damwnilebis win sokos tiloTi wmenden.
TviT damwnilebis procesi samive SemTxvevaSi erTnairia.
dasamwnileblad ixmareba xis kasrebi, romlebsac kargad mor-
gebuli saxuravi aqvT. saxuravi Tavisuflad unda moZraobdes
kasrSi. SeiZleba gamoviyenoT Tixis an minis WurWelic. sokoe-
bi firfitebiT an sporebiT zeviT ewyoba WurWelSi Sreebad.
TiToeuli Sris simaRle 5-6 sm-s ar unda aRematebodes. yovel
Sres zevidan eyreba marili; zogjer umateben kamas da niors,
marili unda aviRoT 3% sokos saerTo wonidan, e.i. 10 kg soko-
ze 300 g marili. am wesiT Caewyoba soko WurWlis gavsebamde.

28
darCenili marili zevidan moeyreba da daexureba saxuravi,
romelsac zemodan daedeba kargad garecxili riyis qva.
dauSvebelia aguris an rkinis naWris dadeba. qvis simZime 50
litriani kasrisaTvis 8-10 kg unda iyos; 10 litrianisaTvis
1,5-2 kg. ramdenime saaTis Semdeg saxuravi daiwevs. SeiZleba
imave wesiT sokos damateba, saxuravis zedapize amosuli wveni
SeiZleba gadaiRvaros im varaudiT, rom saxuravis zedapirze
wylis done 2-3 sm darCes. kasrs Tu qilas zevidan gadaekvreba
ori piri dolbandi da daideba gril adgilas.
civi da mSrali wesiT damwnilebuli soko mosaxmarad vargi-
sia Tvenaxevris Semdeg. zogierTi soko ki, rogoricaa xraSuna
sokoebi (xaxvilo, mtredio da sxva), – ori kviris Semdeg.
muJuJis an marinadis dasamzadeblad gamosadegia
xeTamxali (kalmaxa), manWkvala, miqlio, mWada da zogierTi
sxva. dasamuJuJeblad unda aviRoT axali, norCi, magari da
saRi sokoebi, romelTa qudis diametri 5-6 sm-s ar aRemateba.
yvelaze ukeTesia, yoveli saxeoba cal-calke damuJuJdes.
sasurvelia agreTve yvelaze Zvirfasi saxeobis (mag., mWadas)
daxarisxeba nayofsxeulebis sididis mixedviT da yoveli nawi-
lis calke damuJuJeba.
damuJuJebis ramdenime xerxi arsebobs. yvelaze gavrcele-
bulia Semdegi wesi: gawmendili da garecxili soko Caiyreba
mduRare 1% marilwylian qvabSi. pirdapir mduRare wyalSi
Cayril sokos SedarebiT ufro mkvrivi konsistencia eqneba,
vidre im sokos, romelic jer civ wyalSi ewyoba da Semdeg Ta-
ndaTan cxeldeba. pirveli wyali unda gadaiRvaros; saboloo
moxarSva warmoebs isev 1% marilwyalSi. am wesiT naxarSi
gamWvirvale miiReba. xarSvis xangrZlivoba 10 wuTs ar unda
aRematebodes. soko moxarSulad iTvleba, roca aduRebul
siTxeSi CaiZireba. moxarSvisas saWiroa moreva da qafis moxda.
qvabSi bevri sokos Cayra erTad ar SeiZleba, radgan araTanab-
rad moixarSeba da morevisas bevri daimtvreva an daiWyliteba.
saboloo moxarSvamde sami wuTiT adre qvabSi emateba Zmari,
dafnis foToli, mixaki, dariCini da bahari. ojaxis
pirobebisaTvis rekomendebulia Semdegi normebi: yovel
kilogram sokoze naxevari Cais Wiqa wyali, erTnaxevari
sufris kovzi marili, naxevari Cais Wiqa Zmari, erTi cali daf-
nis foToli, 0,1-0,1 g mixaki, dariCini da bahari. zogjer
Saqarsac umateben gemovnebis mixedviT. moxarSvis Semdeg qva-

29
bis mTeli SigTavsi sasurvelia gadavitanoT pirganier
Tasisebur an jamisebur WurWelSi, sadac ufro swrafad
gacivdeba, gacivebis Semdeg ki unda moTavsdes minis an Tixis
qilebSi. sasurvelia zemodan cota daematos mzesumziris
zeTi, ise rom mTlianad dafaros zedapiri. es daicavs muJuJs
daobebisagan. damuJuJebuli soko ewyoba gril adgilas.
sokos Sesanaxad gamoiyeneba agreTve dakonserveba, rac
ojaxis pirobebSi ver xerxdeba. amis gamo dakonservebuli
soko qilaSi fuWdeba da xSirad mowamvlisa da zogjer sikvdi-
lis mizezic xdeba.

sokosagan kerZebis damzadeba

sokosgan damzadebuli kerZebi didi popularobiT sarge-

blobs mosaxleobaSi, rogorc gemrieli da amave dros
gansakuTrebulad Taviseburi produqti.
axlad mokrefili, gamSrali, damwnilebuli da
damuJuJubuli sokosagan mravali kerZi mzaddeba: sauzmeebi,
wvniani da gansakuTrebiT mravalferovania meore Tavis
kerZTa Sedgeniloba. saerTod ki, yvelaze kargi kerZebi axlad
mokrefili sokosagan mzaddeba. momzadebamde saWiroa
gadarCeuli da garecxili soko wamoduRdes marilwyalSi 10-
15 wuTis ganmavlobaSi, Semdeg gadavitanoT civ wyalSi da
gadavwuroT. ase damuSavebuli soko advili dasaWrelicaa da
kargavs kidec arasasiamovno gemos (Tuki aseTi igrZnoba).
soko unda daiWras rac SeiZleba wvrilad, kargad unda moixra-
kos, rom advili SesaTvisebeli iyos. Tu kerZi mzaddeba alumi-
nis an moTuTiebul WurWelSi, maSin momzadebisTanave unda
gadavitanoT sxva – minis, emalis an faifuris WurWelSi. soko-
sagan momzadebuli kerZi imave dRes unda SeiWamos. misi Senaxva
Semdegi dRisaTvis, Tundac macivarSi, arasasurvelia. axali
soko jobs Seinaxos 1-2 dRiT macivarSi.
sokosagan dasamzadebeli kerZebis receptebi kargad aris
warmodgenili saojaxo samzareulo wignebsa da cnobarebSi.
saerTod ki unda aRiniSnos, rom saqarTvelos sxvadasxva
kuTxeSi sokosagan kerZebis damzadebis Taviseburi wesebi

30
 mWada

arsebobs. garda amisa, yoveli diasaxlisi Tu mzareuli

Taviseburad amzadebs ama Tu im kerZs.

sokosagan kerZebis damzadebis ramdenime wesi

1) 400-500 grami axali soko gadairCeva, gairecxeba, wvrilad

daiWreba, Caiyreba qvabSi, daesxmeba 1-1,5 litri wyali, rome-
lic iduRebs 10-15 wuTs. Semdeg wyali gadaiwureba, darCenil
sokos daesxmeba cota wyali da CaiSuSeba. saboloo momzade-
bamde daemateba ori sufris kovzi karaqi, winaswar wvrilad
daWrili moxrakuli xaxvi, daeWreba kama, oxraxuSi da sxva
saneleblebi gemovnebis mixedviT, marili miecema saTanado
raodenobiT. amis Semdeg kerZi mzad aris. am kerZis mosamzade-
blad vargisia yvela saWmeli soko.
2) 200-300 g axali soko gairecxeba, wvrilad daiWreba da
moeyreba marili gemovnebiT, daemateba ori kovzi karaqi da
CaiTuTqeba qvabSi an Rrma tafaSi. momzadebamde Txel fenad
daesxmeba 2-3 winaswar gaTqvefili kvercxi da swrafad aireva,
daidgmeba nel cecxlze saboloo momzadebamde; moeyreba

31
wvrilad daWrili mwvane xaxvi da kama. kvercxis
moSuSvisTanave kerZi mzad aris. am kerZis mosamzadeblad var-
gisia yvela saWmeli soko. cxare an mware gemos sokos gamoye-
nebisas saWiroa winaswar 10-15 wT wamoduReba da wylis gadaR-
vra.
3) aiReba 300 g damwnilebuli, damuJuJebuli an Semwvari so-
ko, 200 g moxarSuli gafcqvnili kartofili, erTi cali kitri,
erTi Tavi xaxvi; yovelive es daiWreba wvril naWrebad da aire-
va 200-300 g araJanSi, marili miecema gemovnebiT. SeiZleba dae-
matos cota Saqari da mdogvi.
4) arsebobs sokosagan kerZis momzadebis Telavuri wesi: am
kerZis dasamzadeblad gamoiyeneba axlad mokrefili
xeTamxali (kalmaxa) an qama. gairCeva erTi kilogrami soko,
daixliCeba, gairecxeba gamdinare wyalSi da daidgmeba nel
cecxlze. wamoduRebisTanave daemateba wvrilad daWrili 250-
300 g xaxvi. wyali amoSreba Tu ara, daemateba 200 g karaqi. ram-
denime wuTis Semdeg Caiyreba wvrilad daWrili qinZi, wiwmati,
pitna (didi raodenobiT), cota oxraxuSi da tarxuna, marili
da pilpili miecema gemovnebis mixedviT. bolos Caisxmeba
winaswar gaTqvefili ori kvercxi da mTeli masa kovziT er-
Tianad aireva. kvercxis moSuSebisTanave kerZi mzad aris.
ramdenadac CvenTvis cnobilia, es recepti arc erT samza-
reulo wignSi ar aris aRniSnuli.
eqskursiebisa da eqspediciebis dros, agreTve savele piro-
bebSi, meTevzeebi da monadireebi xSirad amzadeben Zvirfas
saWmels qamisgan, daTvis sokosgan da sxv. sokos mwvads pirda-
pir nakverCxalze wvaven.

32
 s o k o T a a R w e r a*

* sokoebis gvarebi dalagebulia sistemis mixedviT, saxeobebi

ki – gvaris SigniT laTinuri anbaniT.

33
 CanTiani sokoebi - ASCOMYCOTA

wiTeli lambaqa G
Aleuria aurantia (Fr.) Fuck.
Gtwbwf jhfy;tdfz

nayofsxeuli – lambaqis formisaa, 3-6 sm diametrisa, SigniTa

zeda nawilSi kaSkaSa monarinjisfro-wiTelia, garedan ufro
Ria ferisaa, moyviTalo elferiT.
rbilobi – Txelia, cvilisebri, myife.
sporebi – elifsisebria 15-20X8-12 mkm, marcvlovan-xork-
liani, Semdeg ki – badisebri zedapiriT. CanTebi cilindru-
lia, romlebSic 8 sporaa moTavsebuli.
izrdeba nestian SiSvel niadagze tyeSi, Ria adgilze, gzebis
gaswvriv, gazafxulidan Semodgomamde.
gamoyeneba – axali iTvleba saWmel sokod. advilad SesamCnevi
sokoa.

34
mura jama soko G
Plicaria badia (Pers.) Rhem.
Gkbrfhbz ntvyj-rfinfyjdfz

nayofsxeuli – 1-6 sm diametrisaa. jer burTisebria, Semdeg

ixsneba da mogvagonebs Rrma jams, Sida zedapiri wablisfer-
muraa, garedan ufro Ria ferisaa, marcvlovani zedapiriT.
sporebi – elifsisebri 15-18X7-10 mkm zomiT, marcvlovan-
xorkliani zedapiriT. CAanTebi cilindrulia 300X12-15 mkm,
romelSic 8 sporaa moTavsebuli.
izrdeba did jgufebad (10-20 da met egzemplaramde) niadagze
tyeSi, parkebSi... gazafxulidan gvian Semodgomamde.
gamoyeneba – axali iTvleba saWmel sokod.

35
xuWuWa unagirasoko K
Helvella crispa Fr.
Kjgfcnybr rehxfdsq

qudi – 2-4 sm diametrisaa, araswori formisa, SuaSi Cazneqilia

da unagirs mogvagonebs, talRovani an xuWuWi kideebi aqvs, mo-
TeTroa an Ria moyviTalo.
fexi – sigrZiT 3-7 sm, siganiT 1-2,5 sm-ia, sigrZiv waxnagovan-
daRaruli, cilindruli, ZirSi ufro msxvilia, moTeTro.
sporebi – elifsisebri sada 15-20X10-2 mkm. CanTebi cilin-
drulia 300 mkm-mde sigrZisa da 14-18 mkm siganisa, romelSic 8
sporaa moTavsebuli.
izrdeba niadagze foTlovan da Sereul tyeSi zafxul-Semod-
gomiT.
gamoyeneba – pirobiTad saWmeli sokoa. moxmarebamde unda
ixarSos 20 wT-is ganmavlobaSi, ris Semdegac wyali gada-
iRvreba. saWmelad ixmareba axali.

36
unagira soko K
Helvella lacunosa Fr.
Kjgfcnybr zvxfnsq

qudi – 2-8 sm diametrisaa, SuaSi Cazneqilia da unagirs mog-

vagonebs.
qudis kideebi Tavisufalia an odnav Sezrdili fexTan; nacri-
sferia an mura-nacrisferi.
fexi – 2-5 sm sigrZisaa da 1-1,5 sm sisqisa, sigrZiv daRarulia;
iseTi STabeWdilebaa, TiTqos ramdenime milia erTad SeduRe-
buli; nacrisferia an moSavo.
sporebi – elifsuri 15-17X10-12 mkm zomisa, gluvzedapiriani.
CanTebi cilindrulia 400 mkm sigrZisa da12-15 mkm siganisa,
romelSic 8 sporaa moTavsebuli.
izrdeba niadagze tyeSi, gansakuTrebiT wiflnarSi, gazafxu-
lidan Semodgomamde.
gamoyeneba – pirobiTad saWmeli sokoa. moxmarebamde winaswar
wyalSi unda moixarSos 20-30 wT, naxarSi wyali ki gadaiRvaros.

37
naoWa soko
Gyromitra esculenta (Fr.).
Cnhjxjr j,sryjdtyysq

qudi – 2-10 sm diametrisaa; talRovani, tviniseburad

danaoWebuli
zedapiriT, kideebi nawilobriv fexTanaa Sezrdili; muqi yavi-
sferi an wablisferia.
fexi – 3-9 sm sigrZisa da 1,5-4 sm sisqisaa; cilindrulia an
bolqvisebri, sigrZiv naoWiani, fuye; moTeTro an mura-
moyviTalo, zogjer mowiTalo.
sporebi – elifsuria, 16-25X8-13 mkm. CanTebi cilindrulia
200-300X12-16 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze fiWvnarebSi, gzebTan axlos; gazafxulze.
gamoyeneba – pirobiTad saWmeli sokoa, ixmareba mxolod
wyalSi 20-30 wT duRilis Semdeg, wyali unda gadaiRvaros,
winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi mowamvla gardauvalia. sxva qveynebSi
naoWa sokoTi mowamvlis mravali sasikvdilo SemTxvevaa
aRniSnuli. CvenSi saWmelad ar xmaroben.

38
konusuri xarisfaSva
Morchella conica Fr.
Cvjhxjr rjybxtcrbq

qudi – 8 sm-mde simaRlisa da 5 sm-mde siganisaa; konusis

formisa, zogjer kvercxisebric; zedapiri dafarulia mogrZo
fiWisebri naoWebiT, romelTa SigniTac meoradi tixrebia
ganviTarebuli; kideebi mTlianad Sezrdilia fexTan;
moyviTalo-muraa, ufro muqi an imave feris naoWebiani
kedlebiT. qudis zedapirze ganviTarebulia himenialuri Sre,
romelic Sedgeba cilindruli zomis 200-250X15-20 mkm. CanTe-
bisagan, TiToeul CanTaSi 8 sporaa.
fexi – cilindrulia, fuye; moTeTro.
sporebi – zomiT 18-20X10-15 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze, ufro xSirad erTeuli egzemplarebis
saxiT fiWvnarebSi, naZvnarebsa da Sereul tyeSi gazafxulo-
biT.
gamoyeneba – pirobiTad saWmeli sokoa, moxarSvamde saWiroa
wvrilad daWra da mduRare wyalSi gaTuTqva 5-10 wT-is ganmav-
lobaSi. wyali unda gadaiRvaros, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi Sei-
Zleba mowamvla gamoiwvios.

39
saWmeli xarisfaSva
Morchella esculenta Fr.
Cvjhxjr yfcnjzobq

qudi – 3-10 sm simaRlisa da 2-4 sm siganisaa; kvercxisebria an

elifsisebri, sigrZiv da ganiv naoWiania, ris gamoc zedapirze
iqmneba uswormasworo ujredebi; Jangmiwisfer-mura an muraa;
fexi – 3-7 sm sigrZisa da 2-3 sm sisqisaa, Zirisken gamsxvilebu-
lia, fuye; moTeTroa an moyviTalo.
sporebi – elifsuri formis zomiT, 18-24X10-12 mkm. qudis
zedapirze ganviTarebulia himenialuri Sre, romelic Sedgeba
cilindrul CanTebisagan zomiT 300-350X15-17 mkm. TiToeul
CanTaSi 8 sporaa moTavsebuli.
izrdeba niadagsa da Ria adgilebze foTlovan tyesa da
parkebSi zafxulobiT.
pirobiTad saWmeli sokoa, gamoyenebamde saWiroa wvrilad da-
Wra da 5-10 wT mduRare wyalSi gaTuTqva, wyali unda gadaiRva-
ros.

40
saWmeli triufeli
Tuber aestivum Vitt.
Nh.atkm ktnybq

nayofsxeuli – miwisqveSaa, 3-10 sm diametrisa, kartofilis

tuberisebri formisaa, zedapirze axasiaTebs meWeWiseburi
warmonaqmnebi; yavisfer-Savia.
rbilobi – jer TeTria an nacrisferi, Semdeg ki – mura TeTri
CanarTebiT.
sporebi – 24-45X17-30 mkm. sporebis mtveri – muqyavisferi;
CanTebi 5-sporiania, cilindruli.
izrdeba niadagSi zedapirulad foTlovan tyeSi.
iTvleba Zvirfas saWmel sokod, saqarTvelosTvis iSviaTi
sokoa.

41
bazidiani sokoebi _ Basidiomycetes

yura soko (kacisyura, gardamrida iudas yuri) B

Hirneola auricula judae (Bull. ex St. Am.) Berk.
Belbyj e[j

nayofsxeuli – mjdomarea substratze, 12 sm-mde diametrisaa

da adamianis yurs hgavs, naoWiania, elastiuri, labisebri,
garedan moyviTalo-yavisferia, moiisfro-nacrisferi an
mowiTalo-mura, wvrilxaverdovani zedapiriT; SigniTa mxri-
dan nacrisfer-iisfridan nacrisfer-mowiTalomde, titveli.
sporebi – 11-15(23)X5-7(8) mkm. cilindrulia, moxrili.
izrdeba cocxal didgula totebze, zogjer gamxmari murynis
merqanzedac gazafxul-SemodgomiT.
Soreul aRmosavleTsa da samxreT-aRmosavleT aziis qve-
ynebSi. saWmelad xmaroben. saqarTveloSi saWmelad ar gamo-
iyeneba.

42
Caga
Inonotus obliquus (Fr.) Pil. f. sterilis (Van.) Nikol.
Xfuf

nayofsxeuli – viTardeba xnier cocxal aryis xeze amobu-

rculi amonazardis saxiT gaxevebuli sxeuli, romlis
zedapiri uswormasworodaa daxeTqili, Savia, adgil-adgil
muq-muraa. gaWrisas Signidan muraa, moTeTro CanarTebiT.
sokos nayofsxeuli viTardeba aryis xis gaxmobis Semdeg
amoburculi sxeulis mopirdapire mxares; nayofsxeuli
brtyelia da xangrZlivad dafarulia aryis qerqiT, jer Ria
muraa, Semdeg ki muqdeba.
izrdeba mxolod xnier aryis xeebze, mravalwliania.
gamoyeneba – xalxur medicinaSi Cagas eqstraqti garkveuli
teqnologiiTa da doziT gamoiyeneba kuW-nawlavis
daavadebaTa dakibos winaaRmdeg samkurnalod.

43
Zerana
Polyporus squamosus. Fr.
Nhenjdbr xtieqxfnsq

qudi – 5-60 sm, izrdeba erTeulebad an SeerTebulia ramde-

nime egzemplari erTad, dasawyisSi momrgvaloa da elastiur-
xorcovania Semdeg – Tirkmlisebri, maraosebri, zedapiri
dafarulia koncentrulad ganwyobili yavisfer da muqmura
zedapirze gakruli qerclebiT, Ria-moyviTaloa, Jangmiwisfe-
ria da momwifebisas TiTqmis muraa, himenofori dasawyisSi
TeTria, Semdeg – moyviTalo. milebi daRmavalia, forebi
msxvili kuTxovani, uswormasworod dakbiluli kideebiT.
fexi – moklea, 1-3 sm, Cveulebriv, gverdiTi, eqscentruli,
iSviaTad centraluri, ZirSi gaganierebuli da muqmura an
Savia, zeda nawilSi TeTria an Ria-moyviTalo, badisebr-
forovani, sqeli da mkvrivi.
rbilobi – TeTria an moyviTalo, jer wvniani, msubuqi, xor-
ciani, Semdeg magari – korpiseburi.
sporebi – 10-14X4-5 mkm, wagrZelebul-elifsisebria, ufe-
ruli. sporebis mtveri – TeTri.
izrdeba mkvdar da dazianebul xeebze, gansakuTrebiT
wifelsa da Telaze, mTel
savegetacio periodSi.
saqarTveloSi yvelgan
gvxvdeba.
saWmelia norCobaSi,
winaswari gaTuTqvis
Semdeg.simwifeSi
korpdeba da saWmelad
ar gamoiyeneba.

44
aryis soko
Piptorus betulinus (Fr.) Kaust.
Nhenjdbr ,thtpjdsq

nayofsxeuli – baliSis formisaa an wagrZelebulia, 20 sm-mde

diametrisa; jer moTeTroa, Semdeg – moyviTalo Ria muramde.
milebi msxvilia, sqelgarsiani. gamxmar nayofsxeuls korpi-
seburi agebuleba aqvs.
sporebi – cilindrulia, moxrili, uferuli 4,5-6X1.25-1.4 mkm.
izrdeba gamxmar, iSviaTad cocxal aryis xeze.
saWmelad uvargisia. warsulSi saqarTvelos mosaxleoba gamx-
mari aryis sokosagan saTamaSo burTebs Tlida.

45
RviZlasoko G
Fistulina hepatica Fr.
Gtxtyjxybwf j,sryjdtyyfz

qudi – qudi brtyelia, naxevarwrisebri an enisebri, romelic-

gadadis mokle gverdiT fexSi, zedapiri webovania, narinjis-
feri, sisxlisferi an mowiTalo-mura. milebis Sre
moyviTaloa, Semdeg ki _ moyavisfro.
fexi – mokle da gverdiTia, sqeli, mkvrivi, mura-wiTeli, ZirSi
muqi bususebi aqvs.
rbilobi – sisxlisferia, TeTri, mkvrivi ZarRvisebur
CanarTebiT, Seicavs didi raodenobiT wiTel wvens.
sporebi – kvercxisebri 5-6X3-4 mkm, Ria yavisferi.
izrdeba muxis dampal xeebze, iSviaTad sxva foTlovan xeebze
zafxul- SemodgomiT.
gamoiyeneba saWmelad norCobaSi, axali.

46
yviTeli abeda N
Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull. ex Fr.) Bond. et. sing.
Nhenjdbr cthyj-;tknsq

nayofsxeuli – 10-40 sm diametrisaa da 1-4 sm sisqisa, naxevar-

wrisebri; narinjisferi an gogirdovan-yviTelia, xSirad
vardisferi elferiT, Semdeg uferuldeba Ria-
moyviTalomde. forebis Sre gogirdovan-yviTelia.
rbilobi – rbilia, xorcovani, moyviTalo-moTeTro.
sporebi – 5-7X3,5-5 mkm farTo elifsisebria, sada; sporebis
mtveri – Ria yviTeli.
izrdeba foTlovan, iSviaTad wiwvian xeebze zafxul-
SemodgomiT; iwvevs merqnis lpobas.
saWmelad mxolod norCobaSi ixmareba, radgan zrdasruli
sokoebis nayofsxeuli gaxevebulia.

Zvelad saqarTveloSi namdvili abeda sokosagan _ Fomes

fomentarius _ abeds amzadebdnen, romelic gamoiyeneboda
cecxlis dasanTebad (kves-abedi).

47
irmistuCa
Hydnum repandum Fr.
T;jdbr dstvxfnsq

qudi – jer amoburculia, Semdeg – SuaSi Cazneqili, 4-10 sm

diametrisa; xSirad arasworia; moyviTalo, TeTri an movard-
isfro-xorcisferia. qudis qveda mxares ganviTarebuli
eklebi fexis mimarT daRmavalia, myife, movardisfro.
fexi – eqscentrulia, mokle, cilindruli, TeTri an
moyviTalo, ZirSi Ria Jangisferia.
sporebi – TiTqmis sferosebria, gluvi zedapiriT 7-8 mkm,
uferuli.
izrdeba niadagze naZvnarebSi, Sereul da foTlovan tyeSi
zafxul-SemodgomiT.
gamoiyeneba saWmelad norCobaSi, axali.

48
irema soko
Sarcodon imbricatus (Fr.) Kars.
T;jdbr xthtgbnxfnsq

qudi – brtyelia, SuaSi ki – CaRrmavebuli, kideebi Sekecilia,

4-20 sm diametrisa da zedapiri dafarulia sqeli, wawvetili,
koncentrulad ganwyobili muqyavisferi qerclebiT. himenia-
luri (eklebis) Sre fexis mimarT daRmavalia; nacrisferia.
fexi – 2-8 sm sigrZisaa da 1-2 sm sisqisa; cilindruli, qudisa-
ken TeTri, Zirisken yavisferi.
rbilobi – mkvrivia, moTeTro, gadatexisas wiTldeba.
sporebi – sferosebria, 5-6 mkm diametrisa, zedapiri xork-
liani muqi yavisferia.
izrdeba niadagze naZvnarebSi, fiWvnarebsa da Sereul tyeSi
zafxul-SemodgomiT.
gamoiyeneba saWmelad norCobaSi, axali.

49
irmisbawara
Hericium coralloides (Fr.) Pers.
T;jdbr rjhfkkjdblysq

nayofsxeuli _ Zlier datotvilia da mogvagonebs awewil

bawris gorgals; TeTria an moyviTalo. “eklebi” grZeli, wawve-
tebuli da mravalricxovani aqvs; yvela mimarTulia qveviT,
TeTria an Ria moyviTalo.
rbilobi – TeTria, odnav momwaro gemoTi.
sporebi – sferosebria, 3-5 mkm diametrisa, uferuli.
izrdeba gamxmar da dampal foTlovan xeebze, gansakuTrebiT
ki wifelze; gvxvdeba agreTve cocxali xeebis fuRuroSi zaf-
xul-SemodgomiT.
saWmelad gamoiyeneba axali.

50
gula soko U
Hericium erinaceum (Fr.) Pers.
Uthbwbq t;jdbrjdsq

nayofsxeuli – gulis formisaa an ufro momrgvalo 5-18 sm

diametrisa, fexis gareSea; jer movardisfroa, Semdeg –
TeTri, mura an Jangisferi elferiT.
rbilobi – TeTria, xorcovani “eklebi” grZelia da
mimarTulia qvemoT.
sporebi – elifsiseburia an kvercxisebri 5-7X4,5-6 mkm.
izrdeba erTeulebad, umTavresad muxaze.
saWmelad gamoiyeneba axali.

51
wiTeli saCeCela
Ramaria botrytis (Fr.) Rick.
Hjufnbr uhjpltdblysq

nayofsxeuli – patara buCqs Camohgavs, totebi mWidrodaa

ganwyobili erTmaneTis mimarT, moklea da sqeli, mimarTulia
zeviT, moTeTroa; totebis wveroebi dakbilulia; movardis-
fro-mowiTaloa.
fexi – TeTria, zogjer movardisfro.
rbilobi – moTeTroa.
sporebi – elifsuria, 8-10X4mkm.
izrdeba erTeulebad wiwvian da Sereul tyeSi zafxul-Semod-
gomiT.
saWmelad gamoiyeneba axali.

52
yviTeli saCeCela
Ramaria flava (Fr.) Quel.
Hjufnbr ;tknsq

nayofsxeuli – mTlianad Ria yviTelia, Zlier datotvili,

totebi meCxradaa ganwyobili, moklea da bolovdeba mom-
rgvalebuli blagvi wveriT.
rbilobi – moyviTaloa.
sporebi – TiTqmis cilindrulia, wagrZelebuli boloTi, 8-
10X3-4 mkm.
izrdeba erTeulebad tyeSi zafxul-SemodgomiT.
saWmelad gamoiyeneba axali.

53
RaJaJo
Sparassis crispa (Fr.) Fr.
Cgfhfcbr rehxfdsq

nayofsxeuli – momrgvaloa, 10-60 sm diametrisa da mog-

vagonebs yvavilovan kombostos Tavs, zogierTi egzemplaris
wona 1-2 kg-s aRwevs, mTlianad TeTria an moyviTalo;
datotvili, totebi brtyelia 2-5 sm siganisa, daxuWuWebulia,
myife.
fexi – TeTria, Semdeg muqdeba, magaria, fesviseburad
wagrZelebuli.
sporebi – elifsiseburia, gluvi zedapiriT, 6-7X3-4 mkm.
sporebis mtveri moyviTaloa.
izrdeba niadagze wiwvian tyeSi zafxul-SemodgomiT.
saWmelad gamoiyeneba axali.

54
enasoko
Clavariadelphus ligula (Fr.) Donk.
Rkfdfhbfltkmaec zpsrjdsq

nayofsxeuli – enisebria, 6-8 sm simaRlisa da 1 sm sisqisa. zog-

jer ufro mcire zomisaa, Zirisken wvrildeba, ZirSi
qeCiseburadaa Sebusvili, myifea; jer yviTelia an moyviTalo,
Semdeg – mura.
sporebi – elifsiseburia wagrZelebuli boloTi, uferuli,
11-19X5 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze erTeul egzemplarebad wiwvian tyeSi zafx-
ul-SemodgomiT.
saWmelad ixmareba axali.

55
filisqvisebri soko H
Clavariadelphus pistillaris (Fr.) Donk.
Hjufnbr ,ekfdjdblysq

nayofsxeuli – filis qvas mogvagonebs, zeda nawili

gaganierebulia da momrgvalebuli, brtyelia, Zirisken
wvrildeba; Ria yviTeli an Jangmiwisfer yviTelia, xelis
daWerisas mura mowiTalo xdeba.
rbilobi – TeTria.
sporebi – wagrZelebuli elifsiseburia 7-16X4-10 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze foTlovan da Sereul tyeSi zafxul-Semod-
gomiT.
saWmelad uvargisia.

56
ZarRva soko
Gomphus clavatus (Pers.) S. F. Gray.
Cdbyjt e[j

nayofsxeuli – ukuRma konusiseburia, Tavze wakveTiliviTaa;

zedapiri jer sworia, Semdeg ki – Cazneqili an Zabrisebri.
qudi TandaTan gadadis fexSi, romelsac Ziramde dauyveba
sigrZivi anastomizebuli, naoWiani himenialuri Sre. nayof-
sxeuli mTlianad moiisfroa an moyviTalo-moyavisfro.
fexi – 1-5 sm sigrZisa da 1-3 sm sisqisaa; Ria iisferia, Semdeg ki
uferuldeba.
sporebi – elifsisebria, Jangisfer-moyviTalo, 10-12X4-5 mkm.
izrdeba wiwvian tyeSi niadagze jgufurad zafxul-
SemodgomiT.
gamoiyeneba saWmelad axali, moxrakuli da damuJuJebuli.

57
miqlio (qaTambarkala)K
Cantharellus cibarius Fr.
Kbcbxrf yfcnjzofz

qudi – 10 sm-mde diametrisaa, kvercxisgulisferi an Ria

yviTelia, xorciani, mkvrivi, Tavidan amoburculia, Semdeg –
brtyeli, Sekecili kideebiT; simwifeSi Zabrisebri, an
TaTisebri danakvTuli Sekecili kideebiT; ZarRvebi
daRmavalia, sqeli, meCxeri da ganStoebulia Cangliseburad,
narinjisferia an yviTeli.
fexi – 4-7X1-2-4 sm, mkvrivi, titveli, cilindruli, zemoT
farTo Zirisken daviwroebuli, zedapiri mSrali da qudis
feria.
rbilobi – Tavidan moyviTalo, Semdeg moTeTro, mSrali,
mkvrivi, moqnili, gemo mocxaro, sokos suniT.
sporebi – 7-10X4-6 mkm, elifsiseburi, gluvia, cximis
wveTebiT, ufero, sporebis mtveri – mkrTali yviTeli.
izrdeba niadagze zafxulSi da SemodgomiT wiw-
vian da foTlovan tyeeebSi, xavsian da
foTlebian adgilebSi, xSirad – jgu-
furad. saqarTveloSi yvelgan
izrdeba.
erT-erTi saukeTeso saWmeli sokoa.

58
Zabra soko
Craterellus cornucopioides (Fr.).Pers
Djhjyjxybr hj;rjdblysq

nayofsxeuli – Zabrisebria, Zirisken TandaTan wvrildeba,

Ziramde fuyea. “Zabris” gareTa zedapiri gluvia an odnav
naoWiani, monacrisfro-molurjo; Sida zedapiri mura-nac-
risferia Savamde.
rbilobi – Txeli, elastikuri, moSavo ferisaa.
sporebi – elifsiseburia an kvercxisebri 11-13X6-8 mkm.
izrdeba foTlovan tyeSi, gansakuTrebiT wiflnarSi zaf-
xul-SemodgomiT.
saWmelad gamoiyeneba axali.

59
girCa soko
Strobilomyces floccopus (Fr.) Karst.
Ibirjuhb, [kjgmtyj;rjdsq

qudi – 5-10 sm diametrisaa; xorcovani, jer mrgvlad amobur-

culi, Semdeg – brtyeli, moSavo-yavisferi an monacrisfroa.
zedapiri dafarulia kramitiseburad ganwyobili, konusise-
buri msxvili qerclebiT, girCis zedapirs mogvagonebs. qudis
qveda mxares ganviTarebulia kuTxian-nasvretebiani forebis
Sre, romelic jer TeTria, Semdeg ki – nacrisferi.
fexi – 10-15 sm sigrZisa da 1-1,5 sm sisqisaa, cilindruli;
xSirad met-naklebad mogrexilia, Savi an nacrisferia. fexze
ganviTarebuli aqvs sayelo, mis qveviT fexis zedapiri
dafarulia fifqisebri qerclebiT. rbilobi jer TeTria,
Semdeg wiTldeba da bolos Savdeba.
sporebi – elifsiseburia an sferoseburi, xorkliani
zedapiriT, mowiTalo-Savi an muqyavisferi, gaumWvirvale, 9-
12X8-10 mkm.
izrdeba erTeulebad niadagze,
wiwvian da foTlovan tyeSi
zafxul-SemodgomiT.
iTvleba saWmelad. CvenSi
saWmelad ar xmaroben.

60
xorklebiani dumasoko
Suillus granulatus (L.: Fr.) Kunze.
Vfcktyjr pthybcnsq

qudi – jer naxevrad burTisebria, Semdeg – gaSlili, 3-10 sm

diametrisa; dasawyisSi mowiTaloa, moyavisfro-mura, Semdeg
ki – moyviTalo an yviTeli, lorwovani zedapiriT. qudis qveda
mxares ganviTarebulia wvrili forebis Sre (himenofori).
forebi momrgvaloa; dasawyisSi gamoyofen TeTr wveTebs, rom-
lebic gaSrobis Semdeg forebsa da fexis zedapirze toveben
mura feris marcvlebs. himenofori gogirdisfer-yviTelia,
kani advilad sZvreba.
fexi – yviTelia, qudisken moTeTroa, jer TeTria, Semdeg ki –
mura, meWeWebiani zedapiriT, 4-6 sm sigrZisa da 1 sm sisqisa.
simwifeSi mura fers iRebs ZirSi. fexze sayelo ar axasiaTebs.
rbilobi – sqeli, moyviTalo-TeTria, gadanaWerze fers ar
icvlis. sokos damaxasiaTebeli
gemo aqvs.
sporebi – 8-10X3-3,5 mkm,
wagrZelebul-elifsise-
buri an kvercxisebri,
araTanabari gverdebiT,
yviTeli. sporebis mtve-
ri mura-yviTelia.
izrdeba niadagze
fiWvnarebSi – rogorc
bunebrivSi, ise xelovnurSi,
gansakuTrebiT xSirad _ axal-
gazrda nargaobaSi, zafxu-
lobiT da SemodgomiT. sa-
qarTveloSi yvelganaa,
gansakuTrebiT – qveda
zonaSi.
kargi saWmeli sokoa.
ixmareba norCi, damuJu-
Jebuli da damwnilebuli.
momzadebisas kani unda gavacaloT.

61
Cveulebrivi dumasoko
Suillus luteus (L.:Fr.) S. F. Gray.
Vfcktyjr j,sryjdtyysq

qudi – 3-10 sm diametrisaa; jer amoburculia, Semdeg –

TiTqmis brtyeli, SuaSi borcvakiT; lorwovania, rodesac
mSralia, priala muqSokoladisferia, iSviaTad ki –
moyviTalo-yavisferi, zogjer iisferi gadahkravs. himeno-
fori yviTelia, Semdeg uferuldeba yviTlamde an mona-
crisfro-yviTlamde. forebi Sezrdili, momrgvaloa.
norCobaSi dafarulia TeTri afskiT. forebis Sre advilad
scildeba qudis rbilobs.
fexi – 3-10X1-2 sm, cilindruli, mTliani, norCobaSi
SeerTebulia qudis kidesTan TeTri afskiT (kerZo
saburveli), romelic Semdeg skdeba da rCeba fexze, sayelos
saxiT. fexi sayelos zemoT TeTria, qvemoT ki – Ria yviTeli,
marcvlovani da dawinwklulia. sayelo ganieria, apkisebri,
jer TeTria, Semdeg muqdeba da aqvs iisferi elferi.
rbilobi – moTeTroa an moyviTalo, xilis sasiamovno suniT,
gansakuTrebuli gemos gareSe. gada-
texisas fers ar icvlis. kani
advilad scildeba rbilobs.
sporebi – elifsiseburia da
moyviTalo, 6-10X3-3,5 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze fiWvnarebSi
gazafxulobiT da SemodgomiT,
saqarTveloSi yvelganaa, gansakuT-
rebiT – zeda zonaSi.
gamoiyeneba saWmelad axali da
damuJuJebuli.

62
mware duma soko
Suillus piperatus (Fr.) Kuntre.
Vfcktyjr gthtxysq

qudi – 1-6 sm diametrisa, amozneqilia an brtyeli, xaver-

dovani zedapiriT, nestian amindSi lorwoiania, kani advilad
sZvreba, moyavisfroa an moyviTalo-yavisferi. forebis Sre
Sezrdilia fexTan an odnav daRmavalia, msxvilkuTxiani, aras-
wori nasvretebiT, movardisfro-moyviTaloa an yavisferi.
fexi – 2-5 sm sigrZisa da 0.3-1 sm sisqisaa; cilindrulia,
Zirisken wvrildeba, mura an mowiTalo-oqrosferia, ZirSi –
yviTeli.
rbilobi – movardisfro-moyviTaloa, haerze fers ar icvlis,
gansakuTrebuli sunis gareSe, mZafri, mware gemoTi.
sporebi – TiTistarisebria, moyviTalo mura. 7-12X3-5 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze wiwvian da Sereul tyeSi zafxul-
SemodgomiT.
saWmelad uvargisia. literaturaSi zogan aRniSnulia, ro-
gorc Sxamiani, magram misgan mowamvlis SemTxveva cnobili ar
aris.

63
wablisferi xavsis soko G
Xerocomus badius (Fr.) Gilb.
Gjkmcrbq uhb,

qudi – 5-15 sm diametrisaa; jer baliSisebria, Semdeg ki –

brtyeli; qudis zedapiri jer fifqovania, Semdeg _ lorwova-
ni an labisebri; gaSrobisas mbzinavia, muqi wablisferi,
Sokoladis feramde, himenialuri Sre ganierkuTxovani
forebiTaa, momwvano-moyviTaloa, xelis daWerisas lurj-
momwvano xdeba.
fexi – 5-10 sm sigrZisa da 1-4 sm sisqisaa, sworia an mogrexili,
zogjer Zirisken wvrildeba an odnav gaberilia, mura boWkova-
nia, moyavisfro, qudisken ufro Ria ferisaa.
rbilobi – moTeTroa, haerze lurjdeba; sokos
damaxasiaTebeli gemoTi.
sporebi – TiTistarisebria, yviTeli, 11-17X5-6 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze naZvnar da wiflnar-rcxilnar-wablnar
tyeSi zafxul-SemodgomiT.
gamoiyeneba saWmelad axali, damuJuJebuli da gamSrali.

64
Wreli xavsis soko
Xerocomus chrysenteron (Fr.) Quil.
Vj[jdbr gtcnhsq

qudi – 4-7 sm diametrisaa, xSirad _ daxeTqili da mSrali, mo-

wiTalo-mura zedapiriT. forebis Sre Sedgeba ganierkuTxiani
nasvretebisgan, yviTelia, momwvano elferiT.
fexi – 5-8 sm sigrZisaa, swori an mogrexilia, wvrili kaSkaSa
wiTeli, zogjer – yviTeli feris adgilebiT, erTi sisqisaa an
Zirisaken wvrildeba.
rbilobi – moyviTaloa, kanis qveS mowiTaloa, haerze
lurjdeba.
sporebi – TiTistarisebria, moyviTalo-momwvano, 9-16X4-6,5
mkm.
izrdeba niadagze foTlovan da Sereul tyeSi zafxul-
SemodgomiT.
gamoiyeneba saWmelad axali.

65
mwvane xavsis soko
Xerocomus subtomentosus (Fr.) Quil.
Vj[jdbr ptktysq

qudi – 4-10 sm diametrisaa, amoburculi, wvrilbususiani

zedapiriT, zogjer daxeTqilia wvrilad; momwvano-muraa an
moyviTalo-momwvano. qudis qveda mxares ganviTarebuli
forebis Sre Sezrdilia an daRmavalia fexis mimarT,
kuTxovani, usworo nasvretebiani, jer kaSkaSa yviTelia,
Semdeg ki – momwvano-yviTeli.
fexi – 4-8 sm sigrZisa da 1-2 sm sisqisaa; cilindruli, mTliani;
yviTeli, zogjer mowiTalo.
rbilobi – moTeTroa an Ria moyviTalo, gansakuTrebuli
gemosa da sunis gareSe, gadatexisas haerze odnav lurjdeba.
sporebi – TiTistarisebria, moRunuli boloTi, muqi
yviTelia, 10-15X4-6 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze, xSirad xavsebs Soris, wiwvian da foTlovan
tyeSi erTeuli egzemplarebis saxiT; zafxul-SemodgomiT.
gamoiyeneba saWmelad axali, damwnilebuli da damuJuJebuli.

66
daTvis soko (Zirbuka)
Boletus edilis Fr.
<tksq uhb,

qudi – 8-20 sm da zogjer meti diametrisaa, naxevarsferose-

bria, Semdeg – baliSisebri, zogjer brtyelic. sadaa, mSral
amindSi zogjer daxeTqilia, wvril qeCisebri an boWkoian-qer-
clovani, mSralia, nestian amindSi ramdenadme lorwoiani.
qudis feri sxvadasxvanairia _ moTeTrodan muq muramde:
fiWvnarebSi mozardis qudi muqi, foTlovan tyeSi ki Ria
ferisaa. himenofori jer TeTria, Semdeg yviTeli da bolos _
moyviTalo-momwvano; milebi – wvrili, mrgvalforebiani.
fexi – 8-12 sm sigrZisaa, 3-6 sm sisqisa. Tavidan ZirSi
bolqvisebria, Semdeg ki _ ramdenadme wagrZelebuli cilin-
drulamde. sxvadasxva ferisaa, iseve rogorc qudi, magram
yovelTvis qudTan SedarebiT Ria ferisaa, bade fexis zeda
nawilSi aqvs an Ziramdea ganviTarebuli; TeTria, moTeTroa an
odnav mura.
rbilobi – mkvrivi da
TeTria, haerze fers
ar icvlis.
sporebi – 11-18X3,7-
7,5 mkm., elifsise-
buri an TiTistari-
sebria, momwvano
moyviTalo.
izrdeba niadagze
wiwvian da foTlovan
tyeebSi zafxul-
SemodgomiT.
erT-erTi Zvirfasi
sokoa, ixmareba
axali, gamxmari,
damuJuJebuli
da damwnile-
buli.

67
crudaTvissoko
Boletus calopus Fr.
<jktnec rhfcbdsq

qudi_ 5-6 sm, jer TiTqmis sferosebria, Semdeg_baliSiser-

amoburculi, nacrisferia an Jangisfer-yavisferi.
himenofori yviTelia, forebi wvrili, kuTxovani, anda
Sezrdili fexTan, xelis daWerisas momwvano cisferi xdeba.
fexi _ 3-7 sm sigrZis da 2-3 sm siganisaa, jer bolqvisebria,
Semdeg swori; wiTelia, qudisaken yviTeli. badisebri gamosax-
uleba wiTelia an TeTri.
rbilobi _ yviTelia, haerze lurjdeba.
sporebi _10-14X4-6 mkm TiTistarisebria, momwvano-
moyviTalo, mura.
izrdeba wiwvian da iSviaT foTlovan tyeebSi zafxulSi da
SemodgomiT.
lamazi sokoa, saWmelad ar gamoiyeneba.

68
wiTelfexa muxisZira
Boletus erythropus (Fr) Fr.
Le,jdbr rhfgxfnsq

qudi – 12 sm-mde diametrisaa, norCobaSi naxevarsferosebria,

Semdeg ki – amoburculi, nacrisferi an moyviTalo-mura,
forebi wvrilnasvretebiania, wiTeli, xelis daWerisas
lurjdeba.
fexi - 12 sm sigrZisa da 2-5 sm sisqisaa, Zirisken gamsxvilebuli
an cilindrulia, zedapirze axasiaTebs wiTeli winwklebi.
rbilobi – yviTelia, haerze lurjdeba, Semdeg isev
moyviTalo fers iRebs.
sporebi – TiTistarisebria, moyviTalo 11-19X4-7 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze muxnarebSi zafxul-SemodgomiT.
gamoiyeneba saWmelad winaswar 10-15-wuTiani gaTuTqvis
Semdeg, naduRi wyali unda gadavRvaroT.

69
muxisZira
Boletus luridus Fr.
Le,jdbr j,sryjdtyysq

qudi – 3-15 sm diametrisaa, jer naxevarsferosebria, xorco-

vani, Semdeg ki – amoburculi, momwvano-mura, moyviTalo-mura
an mura-monacrisfro. forebi wvrilnasvretebiania, jer
momwvano-moyviTalo, Semdeg ki – kaSkaSa wiTeli, xelis
daWerisas lurjdeba.
fexi – 5-15 sm sigrZisa da 2-5 sm sisqisaa, Zirisken gamsxvilebu-
lia an zogjer cilindruli, mowiTalo, moyviTalo
adgilebiT; axasiaTebs mowiTalo, mogrZo yulfebiani bade.
rbilobi – mkvrivia, Ria moyviTalo, haerze jer lurjdeba,
Semdeg isev moyviTalo fers iRebs.
sporebi – kvercxisebr-elifsuria, moyviTalo-momwvano an
mura, 9-17X5-7 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze, muxnarebSi zafxul-SemodgomiT.
saWmelad gamzadebamde saWiroa 10-15 wuTiT wamoduReba (na-
duRi wyali gadaiRvreba). alkoholTan erTad Sxamiania.

70
satanas soko
Boletus satanas lenz.
Cfnfybycrbq uhb,

qudi – 20 sm-mde diametrisaa, xorcovani, moTeTroa an

moyviTalo-nacrisferi, zogjer lorwoiani zedapiriT,
forebis Sre sisxlisfer-wiTelia.
fexi – 5-10 sm sigrZisa da 5-6 sm sisqisaa, ZirSi bolqvisebria,
yviTeli an wiTeli, qudisken axasiaTebs wiTeli, momrgvalo
yulfebiani bade.
rbilobi – TeTria, haerze wiTldeba, Semdeg ki lurjdeba.
forebis Sre sisxlisfer-wiTelia.
sporebi – wagrZelebul-kvercxisebria, moyviTalo-momwvano,
10-16X5-7 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze muxnarebSi zafxul-SemodgomiT.
umi soko Sxamiania, iwvevs saWmlis momnelebeli sistemis
moSlas; mduRare wyalSi 10-15-wuTiani xarSvis Semdeg SeiZ-
leba saWmelad gamoyeneba. CvenSi saWmelad ar xmaroben.

71
naRvela soko
Tylopilus felleus (fr) karst
;tkxysq uhb,

qudi_ 3-8 sm diametrisaa, baliSisebri, sada mSrali

zedapiriT, mura ferisaa. forebis Sre WuWyisfer-vardisfe-
ria, forebi mrgvalia
fexi _ 4-7 sm sigrZis da 1,5 sm sisqisaa, wagrZelebul-
bolqvisebria, muqJang-miwisferia, muqi mura badis
gamosaxulebiT.
rbilobi _ TeTri, gadatexisas odnav vardisferi xdeba,
Zalian mwarea.
sporebi _ 12-14X4-5 mkm, TiTistarisebria, sada, Ria vardis-
fer-mura.
izrdeba niadagze wiwvian da Sereul tyeSi zafxul-
SemodgomiT. CvenSi iSviaTi saxeobaa.
saWmelad uvargisia. hgavs DdaTvis sokos, gansxvavdeba fexze
mura feris badisebri gamosaxulebiT da rbilobis simwariT.

72
verxvisZira
Leccinum aurantiacum (Fr) S.F.Gray.
Gjljcbyjdbr rhfcysq L

qudi – 4-20 sm diametrisaa, jer naxevarsferosebria, Semdeg ki

– baliSisebri, xorcovani, zedapiri xaverdovan-qeCisebria,
narinjisferia an narinjisfer-wiTeli. himenialuri Sre
wvril-momrgvaloforebiania, jer TeTria, Semdeg Savdeba.
fexi – 6-20 sm sigrZisa da 1.5-5 sisqisaa, Zirisken msxvildeba,
moTeTroa, zedapiri dafarulia mogrZo TeTr, yavisfer an
Savi qerclebiT, romelic Semdeg mura xdeba.
rbilobi – mkvrivia, TeTria, haerze lurjdeba, Semdeg
Savdeba.
sporebi – wagrZelebul-ovaluria, sada, moyviTalo; 14-18X4-
6 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze, ZiriTadad verxvnargavebSi, magram gvxvde-
ba agreTve sxva foTlovan da Sereul tyeSic zafxul-Semod-
gomiT.
gamoiyeneba saWmelad axali, gamSrali da damuJuJebuli.

73
bebera soko
Leccinum crocipodius (Let.) Watling.
J,f,jr ,erjdsq

qudi – 5-15 sm diametrisaa, baliSisebri, sada, damskdari

zedapiriT, moyviTaloa muqyavisframde. forebi wvrilia.
fexi – swori, waxnagovani, dafarulia muqi wertilisebri
wvrili qerclebiT, mkrTal-moyviTaloa. forebi wvril-
nasvretebiania.
rbilobi – yviTeli, zogjer ramdenamde mowiTalo, haerze
swrafad muqdeba.
sporebi – TiTistarisebria, momwvano-moyviTalo, 11-18X6-8
mkm.
izrdeba niadagze foTlovan tyeSi, gansakuTrebiT
wiflnarebSi zafxul-SemodgomiT.
saWmeli sokoa, gamoiyeneba axali, gamxmari da damuJuJebuli.

74
rcxilisZira
Leccinum griseum (Quil.) Sing.
J,f,jr cthsq

qudi – 4-12 sm diametrisaa, jer mrgvalad amoburculia da

daWmuWnuli zedapiriT, Semdeg baliSisebria, daxeTqili ze-
dapiriT, sadaa, nacrisfer-yavisferi, Semdeg xSirad moSavoa.
himenialuri Sre jer TeTria, Semdeg – nacrisferi.
fexi – dafarulia muqi wvrili qerclebiT, TeTria.
rbilobi – haerze lurjdeba.
sporebi – TiTistarisebria, 10-20X4-7 mkm.
izrdeba foTlovan tyeSi, sadac rcxilaa Sereuli, zafxul-
SemodgomiT.
saWmelad gamoiyeneba axali, gamxmari da damuJuJebuli.

75
aryisZira
Leccinum scabrum (Fr) S.F. Gray.
Gjl,thtpjdbr j,sryjdtyysq

qudi – 5-15 sm diametrisaa, mrgvlad amozneqili, titveli an

wvrilqeCisebri zedapiriT, mSralia; nairgvari ferisaa
moTeTro, mura-yviTeli, mura-wiTeli, nacrisferi an nac-
risfer-mura, zogjer moSavoc. himenofori jer moTeTroa,
Semdeg – monacrisfro; milebi grZeli 10-25 mm, wvrili
mrgvali forebiT, fexis mimarT Tavisufali.
fexi _ 4-15 sm sigrZisa da 1-3 sm sisqisaa, xSirad Zirisken
msxvildeba, mTliania; TeTri, nacrisferi, mura an Savi
qerclebiT dafaruli zedapiriT.
rbilobi _ TeTria, haerze fers ar icvlis, an odnav movard-
isfro xdeba.
sporebi – TiTistariseb-
ria, Jangisferi mura, 10-
20X4-6 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze mxo-
lod arynarebSi zaf-
xul-SemodgomiT.
erT-erTi saukeTeso saWme-
li sokoa, ixmareba axali, gamS-
rali da damuJuJebuli. Zalian
iSviaTad Wiandeba.

76
Savfexa Roris soko
Paxillus atrotomentosus (Fr) Fr.
Cdbyeirf njkcnfz

qudi –15 sm-mde diametrisaa, enisebria, Semdeg ki _

Zabrisebri; titvelia an wvril-xaverdovani, zogjer
daxeTqili, Jangmiwisfer-mura, firfitebi daRmavalia,
fexTan badiseburad datotvili, moyviTalo.
fexi – 5-8X2-3 sm, gverdiTi an eqscentruli, Zirisken
gaganierebulia, Sav-qeCisebri zedapiri aqvs.
rbilobi – mSrali, moyviTalo, momwaroa, haerze muqdeba.
sporebi – 4-6X4 mkm, kvercxisebr-elifsiseburia,
Jangmiwisferia. sporebis mtveri – moyviTalo-yavisferi.
izrdeba Zvel wiwvovan dampal kunZebze, gadanaWrebze da maT
axlos, xSirad jgufurad, gansakuTrebiT fiWvze, zafxul-
SemodgomiT.
Sxamiani sokoa.

77
Roris soko
Paxillus involutus (Fr) Fr.
Cdbyeirf njyrfz

qudi – 5-15 sm-mde da meti diametrisaa, jer amoburculia,

Semdeg_ Cazneqili da Zabrisebri, kideebi Rrmad Sekecilia
SigniT da qeCisebria, moyviTalo-muraa. firfitebi –
daRmavali da datotvili, ganieri, xSiri, fexTan badisebria.
jer mkrTali muraa, Semdeg ki muqdeba, xelis daWerisas muqi
mura xdeba.
fexi – 5-8X1-3 sm, titveli, sadaa, qudze Ria ferisaa, mTliania.
rbilobi – moyviTalo an momuro, haerze muqdeba. momJavo
gemoTi.
sporebi – 8-10X4,5-6 mkm, kvercxisebr-elifsiseburi,
Jangmiwisferi, sporebis mtveri – yavisferi.
izrdeba foTlovan da wiwvian tyeSi, zafxulSi da
SemodgomiT. saqarTveloSi yvelganaa.
Sxamiani sokoa, sasikvdilo SedegiT.

78
crumiqlio
Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca (Fr)R. Maire
Kj;yfz kbcbxrf

qudi – 2-6 sm diametrisaa, amoburculi an SuaSi odnav

CaWyletili, Sekecili kideebiT, odnav Sebusvili, narinjis-
feri an Jangmiwisferi, Semdeg ki uferuldeba TeTr feramde.
firfitebi xSiria, Cangliseburad datotvili, mowiTalo na-
rinjisferi.
fexi – cilindrulia, wvrili, qudisferi.
sporebi – farTo-elifsiseburia, 5-8X2,5-5 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze wiwvian da Sereul tyeSi, agreTve dampal
xeebze da maT axlos, zafxul-SemodgomiT.
ixmareba saWmelad axali. adre crumiqlios, sruliad usa-
fuZvlod, Sxamianad Tvlidnen.

79
naZvnarebis lorwovana
Gomphidius glutinosus (Fr.) Fr.
Vjrhe[f tkjdfz

qudi – 5-10 sm diametrisaa. jer amozneqilia, Semdeg –

gaSlili, centrSi odnav Cazneqili, Sekecili kideebiT, lor-
wovani zedapiriT; nacrisferi yavisfer-Sokoladisframde,
zogjer iisferi. firfitebi daRmavali, sqeli, meCxeri,
blagvi. kideebi jer monacrisfroa, Semdeg – moSavo.
fexi – 5-10X1-2 sm, Cveulebriv, Tanabari sisqisa da swori,
lorwoiani zedapiri aqvs, zogjer Savi qerclebiT; zemoT
TeTria, qvemoT – yviTeli; norCobaSi qudis kide da fexi
SeerTebulia TeTri afskisebri saburveliT, romelic fir-
fitebs faravs, Semdeg igi skdeba da fexis zeda nawilSi tovebs
sayelos, romelic maleve qreba.
rbilobi – TeTria, fexis ZirSi – yviTeli, mkvrivi.
sporebi – 16-22X5-7,5 mkm; TiTistarisebri, nacrisfer-yavis-
feri, sporebis mtveri – muqi yavisferi.
izrdeba naZvnar da Sereul naZvnar
tyeebSi zafxulobiT da Semod-
gomiT. saqarTveloSi yvel-
ganaa gavrcelebuli.
saWmeli sokoa. gamoiyene-
ba axali, damwnilebuli da
damuJuJebuli.

80
wiTeli lorwovana
Gomphidilus rutilus (Schaiff.:Fr.) Lund. et Nannf.
Vjrhe[f gehgehjdfz

qudi – 4-10 sm diametrisaa. dasawyisSi TiTqmis konusiseburia,

Semdeg_brtylad amozneqili, borcvakiT, zedapiri lorwoia-
nia, muraa an xorcisfer-wiTeli, sxvadasxvagvari elferiT.
firfitebi daRmavalia, sqeli, meCxeri, blagvi kideebiT, jer
Ria muraa, Semdeg_mura-wiTeli.
fexi – 5-8X1,5-2 sm, Tanabari sisqisaa an Zirisken gawvrilebu-
li, narinjisferi, zeda nawilSi molurjo-wiTeli, ZarRvi-
seburi CanarTebiT. norCobaSi qudis kide da fexi SeerTe-
bulia TeTri afskisebri saburveliT, romelic firfitebs
faravs; Semdeg igi skdeba da fexis zeda nawilSi tovebs saye-
los, romelic maleve qreba.
rbilobi – narinjisferia, sokos suniTa da gemoTi.
sporebi – 16-24X6-7 mkm, TiTistarisebria, nacrisfer-yavis-
feri. moyavisfro-yviTeli.
izrdeba fiWvnarebSi
zafxulSi da Semod-
gomiT. saqarTve-
loSi yvelganaa ga-
vrcelebuli.
saWmeli sokoa, ga-
moiyeneba axali.

81
maCalo
Pleyrotus cornucopiae (Paulet. ex Pers). Rolland.
Dtityrf hj;rjdblyfz

qudi – 4-10 sm diametrisaa, jer amoburculia,

Semdeg_Zabrisebri, sada, dasawyisSi moTeTroa, Semdeg
ki_mkrTal-Jangmiwisferi an mkrTal-yavisferi.
fexi – 2-5 sm sigrZisa da 1,5-2 sm sisqisaa, centraluri an
eqscentrulia, sada, mimagrebis adgilas qeCisebri, moTeTro.
rbilobi – moTeTro, fqvilis suniT.
sporebi – cilindruli an wagrZelebuli, kvercxisebri, zog-
jer odnav moRunuli, uferuli an moiisfro elferiT, 8-
11X3,5-5 mkm.
izrdeba xmel, dampal foTlovan xeebze zafxul-SemodgomiT.
saWmeli sokoa, gamoiyeneba axali.

82
xeTamxali (kalmaxa, tyubela, wiflis soko,
xis soko) D
Pleurotus ostreatus (Fr)Kumm
Dtityrf j,sryjdtyyfz

qudi – 5-15 sm da meti diametrisaa, niJarisebri, maraosebri an

enisebri, jer titvelia, Semdeg ki – wvrilqerclovani,
nacrisferi, nacrisfer-yavisferi an nacrisfer-mura.
fexi – 1-4 sm sigrZisa da 0,5-2 sm sisqisaa, eqscentruli an
gverdiTi. mimagrebis adgilas qeCisebria, TeTri.
firfitebi – daRmavali, TeTri.
rbilobi – TeTri.
sporebi – cilindruli an wagrZelebul-kvercxisebri, zog-
jer odnav moRunuli, uferuli 7-14X3-5 mkm.
izrdeba jgufurad, rogorc foTlovan, ise wiwvian gamxmar
da dampal xeebze, gansakuTrebiT didi raodenobiT gvxvdeba
wifelsa da Telaze gazafxul-SemodgomiT.
erT-erTi saukeTeso saWmeli sokoa, ixmareba axali da da-
muJuJebuli: saqarTvelos mosaxleobaSi didad fasobs xeTam-
xali da didi raodenobiTac iyeneben saWmelad. misdeven mis
xelovnurad moyvanas sawarmoo masSta-
biT. gvian SemodgomiT da zogjer
zamTarSic gamxmar verxvebsa
da tirifze izrdeba xe-
Tamxali, romelic tipu-
risagan gansxvavdeba
horizontalurad gan-
wyobili gverdiTi, m o -
n a c r i s f r o - m u r a da
nafifqianzedapiriani
qudiT. kargi saWmeli
sokoa. es soko gamoyofi-
lia, rogorc xeTamxlis
saxesxvaoba.

83
yvelis soko
Panus rudis Fr
Gfyec uhe,sq

qudi – 2-8 sm diametrisaa; niJarisebri, Zabrisebri an yurise-

bria, mkvrivi; zedapiri dafarulia sworad mdgomi, jguf-jgu-
fad Sekruli jagriT, moyviTalo-mowiTaloa an Ria yavisferi;
wvimian amindSi iisferia. firfitebi – daRmavali, viwro; jer
moTeTro-movardisfroa, Semdeg – moyviTalo an mkrTal-Jang-
miwisferi.
fexi – 2-3 sm sigrZisa da 1-2 sm sisqisaa, eqscentrulia, jagri-
sebri zedapiriT; qudis feria.
rbilobi – TeTria.
sporebi – momrgvalo-cilindrulia, uferuli, 5-6X2-3 mkm.
izrdeba gamxmar da dampal foTlovan xeebzea, gansakuTrebiT,
wifelsa da rcxilaze nestian tyeSi, zafxul-SemodgomiT.
saWmelad gamoiyeneba norCobaSi. gamxmari da dafquli ixma-
reba kveTis magivrad yvelis Sesadedeblad.

84
qerclovani firfitkbila
Lentinus lepideus Fr.
Gjkjkbcnybr xtietxfnsq

qudi – 4-10 sm diametrisaa; jer amoburculia,

Semdeg_Zabrisebr CaRrmavebuli, zedapiri dafarulia
mowiTalo-mura qerclebiT, kideebi Sekecilia, moTeTroa, Ria
Jangmiwisframde.
firfitebi – ganieria, dakbiluli kideebiT, moTeTro an moy-
viTalo fexi – 3–8 sm sigrZisa da 1-2 sm sisqisa, centraluria
an eqscentruli, Zirisken gawvrilebulia, gaxevebuli; qudis-
ken sadaa, Zirisken dafarulia mowiTalo-mura qerclebiT,
moTeTroa.
rbilobi – TeTria.
sporebi – elifsiseburia, uferuli; 10-15X4-5 mkm.
izrdeba gamxmar da dampal wiwvian xeebze, gansakuTrebiT
fiWvze, zafxul-SemodgomiT.
gamoiyeneba saWmelad mxolod norCobaSi, axali.

85
Wreli firfitkbila G
Lentinus tigrinus (Fr.) Fr.
Gjkjkbcnybr nbuhjdsq

qudi – 3-7 sm diametrisaa; amoburculi, Semdeg_Zabrisebri,

tyavisebri konsistenciisa, zedapiri dafarulia yavisferi,
TiTqmis Savi, boWkoiani qerclebiT, moyviTaloa.
firfitebi – daRmavalia, viwro, araTanabrad dakbiluli
kideebiT, TeTri an moyviTaloa.
fexi – 3-5 sm sigrZisa da 0,4-0,6 sm sisqisaa, Tanabaria an
gawvrilebulia Zirisaken da wagrZelebulia fesviviT, zeda-
piri dafarulia wvrili yavisferi qerclebiT, TeTria, ZirSi
muraa, sayelos narCenebiT.
rbilobi – TeTria, fexis ZirSi muqi, haerze wiTldeba.
sporebi – elifsiseburia, uferuli, 7-9X3-4 mkm.
izrdeba gamxmar da dampal foTlovan xeebsa da maT fesvebze
zafxul-SemodgomiT.
saWmelad gamoiyeneba mxolod norCobaSi, axali.

86
surnelovani higroforusi
Hygrophorus agathosmus (Fr.) Fr.
Ubuhjajh leibcnsq

qudi – 4-10 sm diametrisaa; amoburculi, kuziseburad, lor-

wovani zedapiriT, nacrisfer-moyviTalo, momwvano an nacris-
fer-muraa, SuaSi moTeTroa, wertilovan-marcvlovani;
kideebi Ria ferisaa, firfitebi daRmavalia, meCxeri, TeTri.
fexi – 5-10 sm sigrZisa da 0,8-1,5 sm sisqisaa, Tanabari an ZirSi
odnav gamsxvilebuli, qudisken dafarulia wvrili wertilo-
vani nacrisferi qerclebiT, moTeTroa.
rbilobi – TeTri, mware nuSis suniT.
sporebi – kvercxisebri an marcvlisebria, uferuli, 8-11X5-6
mkm.
izrdeba niadagze wiwvian tyeSi zafxul-SemodgomiT, zogjer
qmnis ~qajis wres~.
saWmelad gamoiyeneba axali.

87
xraSunasebri higroforusi U
Hygrophorus russula (Fr.) Quel.
Ubuhjajh cshjt;rjdsq

qudi – 7-15 sm diametrisaa, jer baliSisebria, Semdeg brtyeli,

Sekecili kideebiT, SuaSi axasiaTebs blagvi borcvaki, rome-
lic dafarulia muqi qerclebiT, xorcisfer-wiTelia an muqi
vardisferi. firfitebi moTeTroa, mowiTalo laqebiT.
fexi – 7-10 sigrZisa da 1,5-2 sm sisqisaa, cilindrulia, magari,
jer TeTria, Semdeg movardisfero, ufro muqi boWkoebiT an
qerclebiT dafaruli zedapiriT, qudTan TeTria.
rbilobi – TeTri.
sporebi – elifsisebri, uferuli, 6-8X4-6 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze foTlovan da Sereul tyeSi,
ZiriTadad_SemodgomiT.
gamoiyeneba saWmelad axali.

88
wiTeli higrocibe
Hygrocybe coccinea (Fr.) Kumm.
Ubuhjajh ,fuhzysq

qudi – 2-6 sm diametrisaa, zarisebria, Semdeg odnav gaSlili,

boWkoiani, daxeTqili zedapiriT, jer lorwoiania, Semdeg
mSrali, alublisfer-wiTeli, centrSi ufro Ria ferisa,
Semdeg ki yviTldeba, firfitebi ganieri, meCxeri, Sezrdili da
kbiliT daRmavali, narinjisferi sisxlisframde, kideebi –
moyviTalo.
fexi – 5-7 sm sigrZisa da 0,6-1,2 sm sisqisaa, Tanabari an
Zirisken ganierdeba, sisxlisferia, Zirisken ki – yviTeli.
rbilobi – alublisferi.
sporebi – elifsisebr-kvercxisebri, uferuli, 6-10X4-5 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze, notio mdeloebze, tyis pirebze_zafxul-
SemodgomiT.
iTvleba saWmelad.

89
viris jimla U
Hygrocybe conica (Fr.) Kumm.
Ubuhjajh rjybxtcrbq

qudi – 2-5 sm diametrisaa, konusisebria, lorwoiani da priala

zedapiriT; narinjisferia kaSkaSa wiTlamde, Semdeg Savdeba.
firfitebi, Tavidan yviTeli, Semdeg Savdeba.
fexi – 5-10 sm sigrZisa da 0,4-1 sm sisqisaa; yviTeli an narinji-
sferi, ZirTan moTeTroa.
rbilobi – narinjisferi, fexSi TeTri, Semdeg Savdeba.
sporebi – wagrZelebul-kvercxisebri, uferuli, molurjo
elferiT, 7-11X4-8 mkm.
garegnulad – damaxasiaTebeli da advilad SesamCnevi sokoa.
izrdeba niadagze, mdeloze tyis piras, zafxul-SemodgomiT.
Sxamiani sokoa.

90
martio K
Laccaria laccata (Fr.) Berk. et Br.
Kfrjdbwf hjpjdfz

qudi – 6 sm-mde diametrisaa, jer amoburculia, Semdeg ki –

gaSlili, SuaSi CaRrmavebuli, titveli an wvrilboWkovan-
qerclovani zedapiriT, mowiTalo-vardisferi an moyviTalo-
wiTuri, gaSrobisas uferuldeba. firfitebi sqeli, ganieri,
meCxeri, xorcisferi TeTri nafifqiT.
fexi – 3-10 sm sigrZisa da 0,2-1 sm sisqisaa; Tanabari,
mogrexili, boWkoiani zedapiriT, ZirSi TeTrfifqovania,
qudisferi.
rbilobi – qudisferia.
sporebi – sferosebri, xorkliani
zedapiriT, uferuli, 8-11 mkm diametrisa.
izrdeba nestian niadagze wiw-
vian da foTlovan
tyeSi zafxul-Semo-
dgomiT.
gamoiyeneba saWme-
lad axali.
SeniSvna: gvxvdeba
martios iisferi for-
mac (var.amethystina), rome-
lsac zogierTi specia-
listi ganixilavs, rogorc
damoukidebel saxeobas;
izrdeba imave adgilebSi.

91
TeTri klitocibe U
Clitocybe candicans (Fr.) Kumm.
Ujdjheirf ,tkfz

qudi – 2-3 sm diametrisa, brtylad amozneqili, SuaSi

CaWyletili, Txelrbilobiani, mbzinavi, abreSumiseburi,
bususovani elferiT, TeTri, firfitebi Txeli, Sezrdili,
TiTqmis daRmavali TeTri.
fexi – 2,5–5 sm sigrZisa da 0,3-0,5 sm sisqisa, TeTri.
rbilobi – TeTri.
sporebi – elifsisebri, odnav xorkliani zedapiriT, 4-5X2-3
mkm.
izrdeba niadagze tyeSi da tyis piras zafxul-SemodgomiT.
Zlier Sxamiania, iwvevs nervuli sistemis damblas.

92
cvilisebri klitocibe
Clitocybe cerussata (Fr.) Kumm.
Ujdjheirf djcrjdfnfz

qudi – 4-7 sm diametrisa, amoburculi, Semdeg odnav

CaWyletilia SuaSi; zedapiri dafarulia koncentrulad gan-
wyobili, TiTqos wyliT gaJRenTili rgolebiT, WuWyisfer-
TeTria an mkrTali nacrisferi. firfitebi viwroa, xSiri,
daRmavali, WuWyisfer-TeTri.
fexi – 4-5 sm sigrZisa da 0.5-0.8 sm sisqisa. ZirSi gamsxvilebu-
lia, WuWyisfer-TeTri.
sporebi – ovalisebri, uferuli, 4-5X2-3 mkm.
izrdeba foTlovani da wiwviani tyis mkvdar safarze zafxul-
SemodgomiT.
Zlier Sxamiania, iwvevs nervuli sistemis damblas.

93
Zabrisebri klitocibe
Clitocybe gibba (Fr.) Kumm.
Ujdjheirf djhjyxfnfz

qudi – 3-10 sm diametrisaa, SuaSi Cazneqilia da borcvaki

axasiaTebs, Semdeg ki Zabrisebria, wvrilqerclovani, Txeli
kideebiT, yviTeli an moyviTalo-yavisferia. firfitebi
daRmavalia, xSiri, TeTri.
fexi – 3-8 sm sigrZisa da 0,5-1 sm sisqisaa, ZirSi gaganierebulia
da bususiani, qudze Ria ferisaa.
rbilobi – TeTria.
sporebi – xorblis marcvlisebria, wawvetebuli, punqtire-
buli zedapiriT, uferuli, 5-7X3-4 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze tyeSi, zogjer didi raodenobiT, zafxul-
SemodgomiT.
saWmelad gamoiyeneba axali da damwnilebuli.

94
mindvris soko
Clitocybe nebularis (Fr.) Kumm.
Ujdjheirf cthfz

qudi – 7-15 sm diametrisaa, baliSisebri, xorcovani; zedapiri

jer fqvilisebri nafifqiTaa, Semdeg titveli, norCobaSi
Sekecili kideebiT, Semdeg – ramdenadme gaSlili, Ria nacris-
feria an nacrisfer-yavisferi. firfitebi Sezrdili an odnav
daRmavali, moTeTro.
fexi – 6-10 sm sigrZisa da 1.5-3 sm sisqisaa, ZirSi bolqvisebu-
rad gamsxvilebuli, moTeTroa.
rbilobi – moTeTro, fqvilis sasiamovno suniT.
sporebi – elifsisebri, uferuli, 6-8X3-4 mkm, sporebis
mtveri Ria limonisferia.
izrdeba niadagze_mindvrebze, saZovrebze da tyispirebSi,
zafxul-SemodgomiT. zogjer qmnis «qajis wres».
saWmelad gamoiyeneba axali, winaswar gaTuTqvis Semdeg.

95
surnelovani klitocibeU
Clitocybe odora (Fr.) Kumm.
Ujdjheirf fybcjdfz

qudi – 3-7sm diametrisaa, jer amoburculia, Semdeg centrSi

CaWyletili da borcvakiT, kideebi Sebusvilia; jer lurj-
momwvanoa, Semdeg – nacrisferi an yavisfer-nacrisferi, fir-
fitebi Ria molurjo.
fexi – 3-5 sm sigrZisa da 0,6-0,8 sm sisqisaa, fifqovan-
boWkoiani zedapiriT, ZirSi bususiani, qudisferi.
rbilobi – moTeTroa, axasiaTebs ananasis mZafri suni.
sporebi – elifsisebri, uferuli 6-7X3-4 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze wiwvian da foTlovan tyeSi zafxul-Semod-
gomiT.
saWmelad gamoiyeneba axali.

96
wiTeli triqolomofsisi H
Tricholomopsis rutilans (Fr.) Sing.
Hzljdrf rhfcyfz

qudi – 5-10 sm diametrisaa, amoburculi an brtyeli,

moyviTalo-narinjisferia. zedapiri dafarulia mowiTalo
boWkovani qerclebiT firfitebi yviTelia.
fexi – 6-10 sm sigrZisa da 1-2 sm sisqisaa, boWkovani zedapiriT,
qudze Ria feria.
rbilobi – yviTelia.
sporebi – ganierelifsisebria, uferuli, 5-8X4-6 mkm.
izrdeba – dampal wiwvian xeebze da maT axlos zafxul-
SemodgomiT.
saWmelad gamoiyeneba axali, SeiZleba damwnilebac.

97
xoxbismkerda H
Tricholoma aurantium (Fr.) Rick.
Hzljdrf jhfy;tdfz

qudi – 5-10 sm diametrisaa, mowiTalo-narinjisferi, brtylad

amozneqili, ganieri borcvakiT. zedapiri dafarulia muqi,
meCxrad ganwyobili qerclebiT. firfitebi zogjer
mowiTalo-yavisferi laqebiTaa.
fexi – 5-8 sm sigrZisa da 1-2 sm sisqisaa, Tanabari, mTlianad
narinjisferia an dafaruli, TiTqmis koncentrulad ganwyo-
bili boWkovani qerclebiT.
rbilobi – TeTria, fqvilis suni axasiaTebs.
sporebi – kvercxisebria, uferulia, 4-6X3-4 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze tyis pirebSi SemodgomiT.
saWmelad gamoiyeneba axali.

98
maisis soko
Tricholoma gambosum (fr) Kumm.
Vfqcrbq uhb,

qudi – 5-10 sm diametrisaa, brtylad amozneqili, mSrali,

odnav boWkovani zedapiri moTeTroa, mkrTal-moyviTalo,
iSviaTad Jangmiwisferi-moyviTalomde. firfitebi Sezrdili,
xSiri, moTeTro.
fexi – 5-8 sm sigrZisa da 1-2 sm sisqisaa, Zirisken gawvrile-
buli, TeTria.
rbilobi – TeTri, fqvilis suniT da gemoTi.
sporebi – elifsisebri, uferuli, 4-6X2-3,5 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze tyeSi, tyis pirebSi, mindorze da a.S. adre
gazafxulidan gvian Semodgomamde. xSirad qmnis `qajis wres~.
saWmelad gamoiyeneba axali.

99
SavCoxa
Tricholoma portentosum (Fr.) Quel.
Hzljdrf cthfz

qudi – 4-10 sm diametrisaa, jer amoburculi, Semdeg brtyeli,

axasiaTebs borcvaki, zedapiri dafarulia wvrili, moSavo
boWkoebiT, odnav webovania, WuWyisfer-nacrisferia an mura-
nacrisferi, SuaSi ufro muqia. firfitebi ganieri, meCxeri,
moTeTro, Semdeg – Ria Calisfer-moyviTalo an mocisfro-
monacrisfro.
fexi – 7-15 sm sigrZisa da 1-2,5 sm sisqisaa, sworia, TeTri, zog-
jer moyviTalo ieriT.
rbilobi – TeTri, axasiaTebs fqvilis suni.
sporebi – elifsisebri, uferuli. 4-6X3-5m mkm.
izrdeba niadagze wiwvian tyeSi, gansakuTrebiT, fiWvnarebSi
SemodgomiT, zogjer didi raodenobiT.
saWmelad gamoiyeneba axali.

100
ruxi triqoloma H
Tricholoma terreum (Fr.) Kumm.
Hzljdrf ptvkbcnj-cthfz

qudi –3-8 sm diametrisaa, mrgvali borcvakiT, Ria yavisferia,

zedapiri dafarulia mikruli boWkovani Savi-qerclebiT,
axasiaTebs uswormasworo kideebi, romlebic zogjer
daxeTqilia. firfitebi Sezrdilia. moTeTro nacrisferia.
fexi - 3-8 sm sigrZisa da 1-1,5 sm sisqisaa; Cveulebriv, Tanabari
da ZirSi gamsxvilebulia. qudis mxares TeTri nafifqiT,
TeTria an monacrisfro.
rbilobi – TeTria.
sporebi – elifsisebri, uferuli 5-7X4-5 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze, rogorc foTlovan, ise wiwvian tyeSi, gan-
sakuTrebiT kirian niadagze, zogjer didi raodenobiT; zaf-
xul-SemodgomiT.
saWmelad ixmareba axali.

101
mowiTalo-mura triqoloma
Tricholoma ustale (Fr.) Quel.
Hzljdrf rhfcyj-,ehfz

qudi – 3-8 sm diametrisaa, ganierzarisebria, Semdeg –amobur-

culi, lorwovani zedapiriT, sadaa, mowiTalo an wablisfer
muraa, firfitebi Sezrdilia an amokveTili, moTeTro, mura
laqebiT, momwifebisas muqdeba.
fexi – 4-6 sm sigrZisa da 1-1,5 sm sisqisaa, cilindrulia, zog-
jer ZirSi dawvrilebulia, mTliania, moTeTro, Sezrdili
sigrZivi mowiTalo-mura bewvebiT.
rbilobi – TeTria, haerze odnav wiTldeba, momwaroa.
sporebi – 5-7X3-5 mkm, kvercxisebria, sada, uferuli.
izrdeba foTlovan tyeSi zafxul-SemodgomiT.
saWmelad uvargisia.

102
zolebiani triqoloma H
Tricholoma virgatum (Fr.) Kumm.
Hzljdrf pfjcnhtyyfz

qudi – 3-8 sm diametrisaa, zarisebri, Semdeg brtyeli,

centrSi amoburculi, radialurad ganwyobili Savi
boWkoebiT, Ria nacrisferia, centrSi ufro muqi. firfitebi,
TeTri, kideebi zogjer moSavoa.
fexi – 6-9 sm sigrZisa da 0,5-1 sm sisqisaa, moTeTro.
rbilobi – monacrisfro-moTeTroa, cxare.
sporebi – ganierelifsisebri, dawinwkluli zedapiriT, ufe-
ruli, 6-7X5-6 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze tyeSi zafxul-SemodgomiT.
Sxamiani sokoa.

103
jgufura H
Lyophyllum decastes (Fr.) Sing.
Hzljdrf crextyyfz

qudi – 5-10 sm diametrisaa, brtylad amozneqilia, araswori

sada, mSrali zedapiriT; monacrisfroa, monacrisfro-yavis-
feri, muqJang-miwisferi yavisframde. firfitebi Sezrdili an
daRmavali, xSiri, TeTri, Semdeg – moyviTalo.
fexi – 5-12X1-2 sm, cilindruli an Zirisken msxvildeba,
moTeTro.
rbilobi – TeTria, gemo da suni sasiamovno aqvs.
sporebi – 5-6 mkm, burTisebria, uferuli. sporebis mtveri –
TeTri.
izrdeba tyis, gzis pirebze, parkebSi, saZovrebze da a.S. jgu-
fad, zafxul-SemodgomiT.
saWmeli sokoa. gamoiyeneba axali, damwnilebuli, da-
muJuJebuli.

104
giganturi leukopaqsilusi U
Leucopaxillus giganteus (Fr.) Sing.
Ujdjheirf ubufyncrfz

qudi – 10-30 sm da meti diametrisa, jer brtylad amoburculi,

Semdeg ki_Zabrisebri, kideebi zolian-talRovania da
Sebusvili, baci moyviTalo TeTri. firfitebi Sezrdilia an
odnav daRmavali, viwro, xSiri da anastomizebiTaa. moTeTroa
an Ria Jangmiwisfer-mura.
fexi – 6-7 sm sigrZisa da 3-5 sm sisqisaa, qudis feria.
rbilobi – moTeTroa, fqvilis suniT.
sporebi – elifsisebri, uferuli, xorkliani zedapiriT, 6-
8X4-5,5 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze tyis pirebSi zafxul-SemodgomiT.
saWmelad gamoiyeneba axali. SedarebiT iSviaTi sokoa.

105
manWkvala
Armillariella mellea (Fr.) Karst.
Jgtyjr yfcnjzobq

qudi – 3-10 sm diametrisaa, jer amoburculia, Semdeg ki –

brtylad gaSlili, axasiaTebs borcvaki, zedapiri dafarulia
wvrili mura qerclebiT; yviTelia, moyviTalo-yavisferi an
mowiTalo. firfitebi daRmavalia, moyviTalo-moTeTro,
gadamwifebisas mura laqebi uCndeba.
fexi – 7-15 sm sigrZisa da 1-2 sm sisqisaa, muqboWkoiani
zedapiriT, axasiaTebs firfitovani sayelo, qudisken Ria
ferisaa, Zirisken – moyavisfro.
rbilobi – TeTria, sokos sasiamovno suniT.
sporebi – elifsisebria, uferuli 7-9X5-6 mkm.
izrdeba Gjgufurad, dampal wiwvian da foTlovan xeebze,
agreTve cocxali xeebisa da buCqebis
fesvebze, xSirad gvxvdeba sarwyav
adgilebSi, baRebsa da vena-
xebSi, SemodgomiT da zam-
Tris piras.zogjer gvxv-
deba zafxulSic.
kargi saWmeli sokoa,
gamoiyeneba mxolod qudi
yvela saxiT (axali, gam-
Srali, damuJuJebuli). Tu
soko kargad ar aris moxar-
Suli, SeiZleba mowamvla ga-
moiwvios (saWmlis momne-
lebeli sistemis moSla).

106
wiTuri kolibia
Collybia butyracea (Fr.) Kumm.
Rjkkb,bz rfinfyjdfz

qudi – 4-8 sm diametrisaa, ganieri borcvakiT, zedapiri titve-

lia, TiTqos gaJRenTilia wyliT, mowiTalo-yavisferia. fir-
fitebi dakbilulia, mkrTali.
fexi – 4-8 sm sigrZisa da 0,5-2 sm sisqisaa, ZirSi gaganierebulia
da uxeSi jagriT dafaruli, xrtilovania, qudis feri.
rbilobi – mkrTali-muraa.
sporebi – elifsisebri, uferuli, 6-7X3-3,5 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze wiwvian da foTlovan tyeSi zafxul-Semod-
gomiT
saWmelad gamoiyeneba mxolod qudi, axali da damwnilebuli.

107
gazafxulis manWkvala
Collybia dryophila (Fr.) Kumm.
Jgtyjr dtctyybq

qudi – 3-6 sm diametrisaa, jer amoburculia, Semdeg –

brtyeli, wablisferi, moyviTalo-yavisferi an ufro Ria
ferisa. firfitebi xSiri, moTeTro an moyviTaloa.
fexi – 4-8 sm sigrZisa da 0,2-0,5 sm sisqisaa, qudis feria.
sporebi – kvercxisebr-msxlisebria, uferuli, 5-6X2-3 mkm.
izrdeba dampal xeebze, dampal foTlebsa da wiwvebze
gazafxul-SemodgomiT.
saWmelad gamoiyeneba axali da damuJuJebuli.

108
TiTistara kolibia
Collybia fusipes (Fr.) Quel.
Rjkkb,bz dthtntyjyjufz

qudi – 10 sm diametrisaa, brtylad amozneqili, borcvakiT,

radialurad daxeTqili, mSrali zedapiriT, mowiTalo-mura an
moyviTalo-yavisferia. firfitebi jer Sezrdilia,
Semdeg_Tavisufali, meCxeri, ganieri, sqeli, xSirad badise-
bri, moTeTro-movardisfro laqebiT.
fexi – 8-12 sm sigrZisa da 1-2 sm sisqisaa, TiTistarisebria, Zi-
risken dawvrilebuli da fesviseburad wagrZelebuli,
dagrexili, xrtilovani, sigrZiv qerclovan-xorklebiani,
qudisferia.
sporebi – elifsise-
bri, uferuli, 4-
6X3-4,5 mkm.
izrdeba dam-
pal foTlovan
xeebze, gansa-
kuTrebiT muxa-
ze, zafxul-Se-
modgomiT.
saWmelad gamoiyeneba
mxolod qudi, axali da
damuJuJebuli.

109
grZelfexa udemansiela L
Oudemansiella longipes (Bull. ex Amans) Meser.
Ltyt;rf lkbyyjyjufz

qudi – 3-6 sm diametrisaa, jer momrgvalebul-konusisebria,

Semdeg_brtyeli, axasiaTebs borcvaki, zedapiri boWkovan-
xaverdovania, nacrisfer-yavisferi. firfitebi Tavisufalia,
meCxeri, SuaSi ganieri, boloebSi damrgvalebuli, moyviTalo-
TeTri.
fexi – 5-10 sm sigrZisa da 0,8-1 sm sisqisaa, qudisken wvril-
deba, ZirSi gamsxvi-
lebulia da fesvi-
seburadaa wagrZe-
lebuli, bususo-
van-xaverdovani
zedapiriTaa, muq-
mura-yavisferia.
sporebi – ganier-
elifsisebri, TiTqmis
sferosebri, uferuli,
8-9X6-6,5 mkm.
i z r d e b a niadagze
wiflnar tyeSi zafxul-
SemodgomiT.
saWmelad axali, mxo-
lod qudi gamoiyeneba.

110
lorwovani manWkvala L
Oudermansiella mucida (Fr.) Hohnel.
Ltyt;rf rjkmwtdfz

qudi – 3-8 sm diametrisaa, jer naxevarsferosebria, Semdeg –

gaSlili, zolian-danaoWebuli, lorwovan-webovani
zedapiriT, moTeTro-monacrisfroa. firfitebi Sezrdilia,
sqeli, meCxerad ganwyobili, TeTri.
fexi – 4-6 sm sigrZisaa da 0,5-1 sm sisqisaa, xrtilovani,
axasiaTebs sayelo; fexi sayelos zemoT zoliania, danarCeni
dafarulia muqi qerclebiT, monacrisfroa an moyavisfro.
sayelo zoliania, lorwovani, TeTri.
sporebi – TiTqmis sferosebria, uferuli. 14-18X12-16 mkm.
izrdeba gamxmar foTlovan xeebze, gansakuTrebiT wifelze,
zafxul-SemodgomiT.
iTvleba mdare saWmel sokod.

111
ganierfirfitiani udemansiela L
Oudemansiella platyphylla (Fr.) Moser.
Ltyt;rf ibhjrjgkfcnbyxfnfz

qudi – 5-15 sm diametrisaa, brtylad amozneqili, ganieri

borcvakiT, damskdari zedapiriT, titveli an radialurad
boWkovani, monacrisfro-yavisferi. firfitebi odnav
Sezrdili, TiTqmis Tavisufali, ganieri, moTeTro.
fexi – 7-12 sm sigrZisa da 1-2 sm sisqisaa, boWkovan-xrtilo-
vani, ZirSi mTavrdeba rizoidebiT, TeTria nacrisframde.
rbilobi – TeTria, gansakuTrebuli gemos gareSe.
sporebi – sferosebri, uferuli, 7-8X6-7 mkm.
izrdeba dampal xeebze da maT axlos, adre gazafxulidan
gvian Semodgomamde.
gamoiyeneba saWmelad axali, mxolod qudi.

112
fexfesva udemansiela
Oudemansiella radicata (Fr.) sing
Eltvfycbtkkf rjhytdfz

qudi _ 3-10 sm diametrisaa, brtylad amozneqili, axasiaTebs

borcvaki, kideebisken radialurad zoliania, lorwQoiani
zedapiriT; moTeTroa an moyavisfro. firfitebi sqelia,
ganieri, meCxrad ganwyobili, moTeTro, kideebi ki _ yavis-
feri.
fexi _10-20 sm sigrZisa da 0,5-0,7 sisqisaa, qudisaken
gawvrilebuli, SuaSi gaberili, TiTistarisebri, ZirSi fes-
viseburadaa dagrZelebuli da dagrexilia, xrtilovani age-
bulebisa, odnav zoliania, TeTria an mura.
rbilobi _ TeTria
sporebi _ farToelifsisebria, uferuli, 12-15X9-11mkm.
izrdeba _ niadagze tyeSi, gamxmar da dampal foTlebs Soris,
agreTve dampal xeebze da maT axlos, gazafxulidan gvian
Semodgomamde.
gamoiyeneba saWmelad mxolod qudi.

113
zamTris soko P
Flammulina velutipes (Fr) Karst.
Pbvybq uhb,

qudi – 2-10 sm diametrisaa, brtyeli, titveli, lorwovani

zedapiriT, yviTeli, centrSi moyavisfro. firfitebi meCxeri,
ganieri, moyviTaloa.
fexi – 5-8 sm sigrZisa da 0,5-0,8 sm sisqisaa, cilindruli, ZirSi
dawvrilebuli, boWkovan-xaverdovani zedapiriT, qudisken
moyviTalo, Zirisken yavisferi, ZirSi Savi.
rbilobi – TeTri, moyviTalo ieriT.
sporebi – elifsisebri, uferuli, 8-9X4,5-8 mkm.
izrdeba jgufurad dampal xeebze, iSviaTad zafxulSi,
Cveulebriv ki – gvian Semodgomidan, zogjer mTeli zamTris
ganmavlobaSi, gansakuTrebiT verxvsa da tirifze.
kargi saWmeli sokoa, ixmareba axali. misdeven mis
xelovnurad moSenebas.

114
sanelebela
Marasmius alliaceus (Fr.) Fr.
Xtcyjxybr ,jkmijq

qudi – 2-5 sm diametrisaa, jer zarisebri, Semdeg – naxevrad

gaSlili, axasiaTebs ganieri borcvaki, kideebi dakvalulia,
jer Ria yavisferia, Semdeg uferuldeba. firfitebi meCxradaa
ganwyobili, moTeTroa.
fexi – 5-10 sm sigrZisa da 0,1-0,3 sm sisqisaa, Zirisken sqeldeba
da fesviseburadaa wagrZelebuli, xrtilovania, qudisken
damtveril-xaverdovani, Zirisken boWko-
vani, yavisfer-mura, Zirisken ufro
muqi ferisaa.
rbilobi – qudSi TeTria, fexSi
yviTeli, axasiaTebs nivris mZafri
suni.
sporebi – wagrZelebul-kvercxise-
bria, uferuli, 7-11X6-8 mkm.
izrdeba Zirnayar dampal totebze,
foTlebsa da wiwvebze zafxul-
SemodgomiT
gamoiyeneba mxolod Sesaneleb-
lad nivris magivrad.

115
jimla (wkriala soko)
Marasmius oreades (Fr.) Fr.
Jgtyjr keujdjq

qudi – 2-5 sm diametrisaa, jer konusisebria,

Semdeg_brtyeli, SuaSi borcvaki axasiaTebs, kideebi
daRarulia, titveli zedapiriT, moyviTalo yavisferia. fir-
fitebi meCxradaa ganwyobili, Tavisufali, mkrTalia.
fexi – 4-8 sm sigrZisa da 0,2-0,4 sm sisqisaa, sworia, odnav xrti-
lovani, mkvrivi, qudisferia.
rbilobi – mkrTali moyviTalo, sokos sasiamovno suniT.
sporebi – kvercxisebri, wagrZelebuli boloTi, uferuli, 7-
10X4-6 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze tyis pirebSi, saZovrebze, mdeloebze.
gazafxulidan gvian Semodgomamde, xSirad qmnis `qajis wres~.
gamoyeneba saWmelad axali da gamSrali.

116
niora soko
Marasmius scorodonius
Xtcyjxybr j,sryjdtyysq

qudi – 1-3 sm, brtylad amozneqilia, centrSi CaRrmavebulia

da borcvaki axasiaTebs, naoWian-zoliania, mowiTuro yavis-
feri. firfitebi xSiria, viwro, TeTri.
fexi – 3-6X0,1-0,3, titvelia, qudis feri, cilindruli, qvemoT
bususebiani, Rru _xrtilovani.
rbilobi – Txeli, moTeTro, axasiaTebs nivris suni. sokos
gemoTi.
sporebi – 8-9X4-5mkm, ufero, elifsuri, uferuli. sporebis
mtveri_TeTri.
izrdeba Camocvenil gamxmar totebsa da wiwvebze, zafxulSi
da SemodgomiT.
saWmelia, gamoiyeneba Sesaneleblad nivris magivrad.

117
CaCisebri micena
Mycena gelericulata. (Fr.) S. F. Gray.
Vbwtyf rjkgfrjdblyfz

qudi – 2-6 sm diametrisaa, jer farTo zarisebria,

Semdeg_TiTqmis brtyeli, daRarulzoliani, nacrisferi an
xorcisfer-yavisferi. firfitebi Sezrdili, meCxeri, ganieri,
jer TeTria, Semdeg vardisferi.
fexi – 4-8X0,2-0,5sm, cilindruli an moxrili, qudisferia,
ZirSi yavisferi.
sporebi – 9-11X7-9 mkm. elifsisebri ufero. sporebis mtveri
TeTri.
izrdeba dampal xeebze da maT axlos mTel savegetacio peri-
odSi.
saWmelad uvargisia.

118
fexwiboiani micena
Mycena polygramma (Fr.) S.F.Gray.
Vbwtyf gjkjcfnjyj;rjdfz

qudi – 2-6 sm diametrisaa, zarisebri, axasiaTebs borcvaki,

kideebTan zoliania, xSirad dakbiluli, sada zedapiriT, mona-
crisfro-yavisferia, iSviaTad moTeTro. firfitebi TiTqmis
Tavisufalia, meCxeri, dakbiluli kideebiT, TeTria, nacris-
feri an movardisfro.
fexi – 3-14 sm sigrZisa da 0,1-0,5 sm sisqisaa, swori, Tanabari
simsxosi, ZirSi fesviseburadaa wagrZelebuli da bususiania,
sigrZiv daRarulia, qudisferia an odnav cisferi gadakravs.
sporebi – farTo-elifsisebria, uferuli, 8-10X5,5-7 mkm.
izrdeba dampal foTlovan xeebze, gansakuTrebiT saWmelad,
muxaze.
saWmelad uvargisia.

119
lurji micena
Mycena pura (Fr.) Kumm.
Vbwtyf xbcnfz

qudi – 2-5 sm diametrisaa, jer zarisebria, Semdeg – amobur-

culi, kideebTan zoliania, Ria molurjo, iisferi, iSviaTad
vardisferi, TeTri an yviTelia. firfitebi Sezrdili,
ganieri, sqeli. meCxeri, qudis feri.
fexi – 4-7 sm sigrZisa da 0,2-0,5 sm sisqisaa, fuye, qudis feri,
qudisken ufro Ria ferisaa.
rbilobs axasiaTebs bolokis suni.
sporebi – elifsisebri, uferuli, 5,5X2,4-4 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze wiwvian da foTlovan tyeSi, xSirad dampal
wiwvebsa da foTlebze, zogjer dampal xeebzedac, zafxul-Se-
modgomiT.
saWmelad uvargisia.

120
iisfera
Lenista nuda (Fr.) Cooke.
Hzljdrf abjktnjdfz

qudi – 5-15 sm diametrisaa, brtylad amozneqili, xorciani,

titveli zedapiriT, Txeli kideebiT mura iisferia, Semdeg
uferuldeba. firfitebi xSiri, iisferi, Semdeg uferuldeba.
fexi – 4-8 sm sigrZisa da 1-2 sm sisqisaa, sworia, Ziri odnav ga-
sqelebuli, mkrTali iisferia.
rbilobi – axasiaTebs fqvilis suni.
sporebi – kvercxisebr-elifsisebria, wvrilxorciani, ufe-
ruli, 6-8X 4-5 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze wiwvian da foTlovan tyeSi zafxul-
SemodgomiT.
gamoiyeneba saWmelad axali.

121
lurjfexa
Lepista personata
Hzljdrf kbkjdjyjufz

qudi _ 6-15 sm diametrisaa, Ria moyviTalo an RiaJang-miwis-

feria. norCobaSi amozneqili, Semdeg brtyeli. firfitebi
xSiri, moTeTro, mogvianebiT_Ria moyviTalo. fexTan
Sezrdilia kbiliseburad.
fexi _ 3-7 sm sigrZisa da 1-3 sm sisqisaa, cilindruli,
Calisfer fonze muqi iisferi boWkoebiT, zogjer mTlad iis-
feri.
rbilobi _ sqeli, magari, xorciani, moTeTro an Ria
moyviTalo. qudis qveS zogjer odnav iisferi, gadanaWerze
fers ar icvlis.
sporebi _ 7-8X4-5 mkm. elifsisebri, odnav xorkliani, ufer-
uli. sporebis mtveri TeTri, odnav movardisfro.
izrdeba _ tyisgareTa mdeloebze, saZovrebze, baRebSi, zog-
jer foTlovan tyeSic.
gemrieli saWmeli sokoa, ixmareba axali da damuJuJebuli.

122
Rrubela (melnisZira, melano)
Lepista sordida (Fr.) Sing.
Cbybxrf

qudi – 3-8 sm diametrisaa, jer naxevarsferosebri, Semdeg

amozneqili, centrSi CaWyletili, zogjer borcvaki
axasiaTebs, kideebi Sekvecili, zedapiri sadaa, xorciani
sokoa, higrofanuli, mura-molurjo, monacrisfro muramde.
firfitebi Sezrdilia, zogjer odnav daRmavali, xSiri, viwro,
Txeli, mura-molurjo, Semdeg ki uferuldeba.
fexi – 3-6 sm sigrZisa da 0,9-1,5 sm sisqisaa, cilindruli,
mTliani, sigrZiv boWkovani, WuWyisfer-mura-molurjo.
rbilobi – monacrisfro-molurjo. gaSrobisas ki TeTri,
sunis gareSe.
sporebi – elifsisebri, xorkliani, uferuli, 6-7X3,5-4 mkm.
izrdeba mindorze, mdeloze, tyis pirebSi, baRebSi,
bostnebSi, zafxul-SemodgomiT.
gamoiyeneba saWmelad axali.

123
alublisZira G
Clitopilus prunulus (Fr.) kumm.
Gjldbityybr

qudi – 3-8 sm diametrisaa, jer mrgvlad amoburculia, Semdeg

ki ZabriviT CaRrmavebulia da SuaSi borcvaki axasiaTebs,
kideebi talRovnia, TeTri an moyviTalo. firfitebi
daRmavalia, jer TeTria, Semdeg ki_xorcisferi.
fexi – 2-6 sm sigrZisa da 1-1,5 sm sisqisaa, zogjer eqscen-
truli, Zirisken wvrildeba, zoliania, damtverili
zedapiriT, qudisferia.
sporebi – elifsisebria. 3 sigrZivi RariT, vardisferia, 9-
13X5-6 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze tyeSi, tyis piras, parkebsa da baRebSi
zafxul-SemodgomiT.
gamoiyeneba saWmelad axali.

124
aprilis soko
Rhodophyllus aprilis (Britz.) Komagn.
Fghtkmcrbq uhb,

qudi – 3-5 sm diametrisaa, brtylad amozneqili, axasiaTebs

blagvi borcvaki, kideebi zoliania, moyavisfro-mowiTalo.
firfitebi Sezrdilia kbiliT, Semdeg Tavisufalia.
fexi – 4-8 sm sigrZisa da 0,5-1 sm sisqisaa, boWkoian -zoliani
zedapiriT, yavisferi, qudTan SedarebiT Ria ferisaa.
sporebi – kuTxiani, vardisferi, 7,5-11X7-10 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze, foTlovan, gansakuTrebiT wiflis tyeSi,
gazafxul-SemodgomiT.
iTvleba saWmel sokod, magram jobs Tavi SevikavoT misi mox-
marebisagan.

125
baRis soko
Rhodophyllus clypeatus (Fr.) Quel.
Cfljdsq uhb,

qudi – 3 sm diametrisaa, zarisebri, Semdeg brtyeli, kideebi

zoliania, nacrisferi an nacrisfer-yavisferi, muqlaqebiani.
firfitebi sustadaa Sezrdili, Semdeg ki TiTqmis
Tavisufalia, ganieri, meCxerad ganwyobili, dakbiluli
kideebiT.
fexi – 4-15 sm sigrZisa da 0,5-2 sm sisqisaa, boWkoian zoliani
zedapiriT, TeTria.
rbilobi – TeTria.
sporebi – kuTxovani, vardisferi, 8-11X7-9 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze parkebsa da baRebSi zafxul-SemodgomiT.
saWmel sokod iTvleba, Tumca umjobesia Tavi SevikavoT misi
sakvebad gamoyenebisagan.

126
mwvane soko
Rhodophyllus incanus (Fr.) Kuhn. et. Romagn.
Ktgnjybz ptktyfz

qudi – 1,5-3 sm diametrisaa, jer farTo zarisebri, Semdeg –

brtyeli, amozneqili, SuaSi CaRrmavebuli, zoliani kideebiT,
mwvane ferisaa. firfitebi ganieri, Ria mwvane.
fexi – 2-4 sm sigrZisa da 0,1-0,3 sm sisqisaa, mwvane, ZirSi ufro
muqi.
sporebi – kuTxovani, vardisferi, 11-14X8-9 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze tyeSi da mdeloze zafxul-SemodgomiT.
advilad gamosacnobi sokoa.
Sxamiani sokoa, iwvevs saWmlis momnelebeli sistemis moSlas.

127
cru qama
Rhodophyllus sinuatus (Fr.) Sing.
Kj;ysq ifvgbymjy

qudi – 5-20 sm diametrisaa, amoburculia, Semdeg_gabrtye-

lebuli, SuaSi axasiaTebs ganieri borcvaki, Semdeg ki
CaRrmavebulia. talRovani zedapiriT, zoliani Txeli
kideebiT, jer SiSvelia, Semdeg ki boWkovan-
zoliani,moTeTroa an xorcisfer-moyviTaloa. firfitebi
TiTqmis Tavisufalia, ganieri, meCxrad ganwyobili, jer
moTeTroa, Semdeg ki movardisfro-xorcisferi elferiT.
fexi – 5-10 sm sigrZisa da 1-2.5 sm sisqisaa, cilindrulia,
swori, odnav zoliani zedapiriT, moTeTroa.
rbilobi – TeTria, fqvilis suniT.
sporebi – kuTxovania, vardisferi, 8-10X7-8,5 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze, xSirad jgufurad, FfoTlovan tyeSi,
tyispirebSi, zogjer saZovrebze, gansakuTrebiT Tixnar nia-
dagze, gazafxulidan Semodgomamde.
momakvdinebeli Sxamiani sokoa, iwvevs
saWmlis momnelebeli sistemis
moSlas da nervuli centrebis
damblas.
S e n i S v n a :
uyuradRebobiT an
ucodinarobiT SeiZ-
leba Segrovdes, ro-
gorc qama soko. cru-
qama hgavs saWmel
q a m a s , gansxvavdeba
imiT, rom fexze sayelo
ar axasiaTebs.

128
bilwa soko A
Amanita citrina (Schaeff.) S.F. Gray.
Ve[jvjh gjufyrjdblysq

qudi – 5-10 sm-mde diametrisaa, jer naxevarsferosebria,

Semdeg ki – gaSlili, mkrTal-moyviTaloa an momwvano ieri
gadahkravs, zogjer TeTria, zedapirze axasiaTebs TeTri fif-
qebi, kideebi sadaa an zoliani. firfitebi Tavisufalia,
TeTri, Semdeg ki – mkrTal-moyviTalo.
fexi – 5-10 sm sigrZisa da 1,5-2 sm sisqisaa, odnav Sebusvili ze-
dapiriT, Zirisken TandaTan msxvildeba da ZirSi bolqvisebu-
rad aris gasqelebuli, TeTri an moyviTalo ferisaa.
axasiaTebs mkrTali moyviTalo firfitisebri sada sayelo da
fexis fuZeze mozrdili saerTo saburvlis narCenebi, romlis
mxolod zeda kidea Tavisufali.
rbilobi – TeTria, arasasiamovno, umi kartofilis suniT.
sporebi – sferosebri, uferu-
li. sporebis mtveri TeTria,
7-8 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze, wiwvian da
foTlovan tyeSi zafxul-
SemodgomiT.
Zlier Sxamiania, iwvevs ner-
vuli centrebis damblas. Sec-
domiT an uyuradRebobiT SeiZleba
Segrovdes, rogorc saWmeli soko.

129
niyvi
Amanita caesarea. (Fr.) Pers. ex Schw.
Wtpfhcrbq uhb,

qudi – 20 sm-mde diametrisaa, jer naxevarsferosebria, Semdeg

– gaSlili, zedapirze axasiaTebs TeTri, didi fifqebi, rom-
lebic Cqara qreba da umetesad qudi titveli rCeba, kideebi
zoliania, mowiTalo-narinjisferi. firfitebi xSiria, gani-
eri da yviTeli ferisaa.
fexi – 8-15 sm sigrZisa da 1,5-2 sm sisqisaa; cilindruli, ZirSi
bolqviseburad gamsxvilebulia da Camjdaria parkisebr
warmonaqmnSi (volvaSi); axasiaTebs yviTeli ganieri sayelo,
romelic Signidan (firfitebis mxridan) zoliania. fexis zeda-
piri sayelos zemoT zoliania, qvemoT – sada yviTeli.
rbilobi – kanis qveS yviTelia, SigniT ki – moTeTro.
sporebi – elifsisebr-kvercxisebria, uferuli 10-12X6,7 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze, nestian muxnarSi, wiflnarsa da wablnarSi
zafxul-SemodgomiT, mxolod dasavleT saqarTveloSi.
iTvleba yvelaze saukeTeso saWmel sokod.
saqarTvelos mosaxleoba didad afasebs niyvs da didi ra-
odenobiTac xmarobs saWmelad. niyvi iSviaTi sokoa, amitom mi-
zanSewonilia gamoiyos garkveuli teritoria niyvis gavrce-
lebis zonaSi, sadac aikrZaleba misi Segroveba, rom es Zvirfa-
si soko sruliad ar gaqres saqarTveloSi.
niyvs waagavs Sxamiani cadamayvana, romlis firfitebi da fexi,
niyvisagan gansxvavebiT, TeTri ferisaa.
niyvi cnobili iyo jer kidev antikur xanaSi, mas didi
siamovnebiT miirTmevdnen romis imperatorebi _ saidanac
modis misi laTinuri saxelwodeba. arsebobs varaudi, rom
romis imperetori klavdiusi ( I s.) mowamla colma _ agripinam
(momavali imperatoris neronis dedam), romelmac niyvTan
erTad Sxama-sokoc Seapara “sayvarel” meuGRles.

130
131
cadamayvana
Amanita muscaria (Fr.) Hooker.
Ve[jvjh rhfcysq

qudi – 5-20 sm-mde diametrisaa, jer naxevarsferosebria,

Semdeg ki – gaSlili, zedapiri dafarulia TeTri, koncentru-
lad ganwyobili meWeWebiT, romlebic saerTo saburvlis
narCenebs warmoadgens; momwifebisas kideebi zoliania, zeda-
piri – webovani, narinjisfer-wiTeli an muqi wiTeli. firfi-
tebi – Tavisufali, TeTri, momwifebisas – moyviTalo.
fexi – TeTria, 7-15 sm sigrZisa da 1-2 sm sisqisa, ZirSi bolqvi-
sebria, romelzedac zolebadaa Semortymuli saerTo saburv-
lis narCenebi, zedapiri boWkovania, axasiaTebs firfitisebri
TeTri an moyviTalo sayelo.
rbilobi – TeTria, kanis qveS ki yviTeli, gadanaWerze fers ar
icvlis, motkbo gemo aqvs.
sporebi – elifsisebri, uferuli, 9-12X7-9 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze, wiwvian, Sereul da mTis foTlovan tyeSi
zafxul-SemodgomiT, saqarTvelos TiTqmis yvela raionSi.
Sxamiani sokoa, iwvevs nervuli centrebis damblas. Seicavs
momwamvlel nivTierebas – muskarins, mowamvlis niSnebi vlin-
deba Wamidan 20 wT-2 sT-mde periodSi. aqvs halucinogenuri
Tvisebebi, mkurnaloben atropiniT.
jer kidev XVII saukuneSi mogzaurebma SeamCnies, rom cimbiris
Crdilo-aRmosavleT raionebis zogierTi xalxebi (CuqCebi,
koriakebi) dResaswaulebze mcire raodenobiT Wamdnen aseT
gamxmar sokos an svamdnen mis damaTrobel naxarSs (xarSavdnen
rZeSi an wyalSi). cnobilia agreTve misi moxmareba skandinavi-
aSi – brZolis win jariskacebi ramdenime patara naWers Wamd-
nen, ris Sedegadac uaRresad aRgznebulni omobdnen. albaT
amitomac saqarTveloSi am sokos cadamayvanas uwodeben.
msgavseba – hgavs niyvs, misgan gansxvavebiT, aqvs TeTri fexi da
firfitebi.
P.S. Zvel droSi, gansakuTrebiT – centraluri evropis
qveynebSi wvrilad gaxexil cadamayvanas Saqar(wyal)Tan
Sereuls xmarobdnen sacxovrebel binebSi buzebis
sawinaaRmdego efeqtur saSualebad (aqedanaa rusuli dasaxe-
leba ,,Ve[jvjh”).

132
133
wablisferi livliva G
Amanita fulva (Schaeff.) Secr.
Gjgkfdjr ;tknj-rjhbxytdsq

qudi – 8-12 sm-mde diametrisaa. jer zarisebria, Semdeg –

gaSlili, kideebi zoliania, saerTo saburvlis narCenebi
qudis zedapirze mkrTali an mkrTalwiTuri fifqebis saxiTaa
SerCenili, romlebic male qreba, wablisfer-wiTuraa. firfi-
tebi TeTria moyviTalo ieriT.
fexi – 5-15 sm sigrZisaa da 0,7-1,5 sm sisqisa, fifqovan-qer-
clovani zedapiriT, ZirSi gamsxvilebuli, romelic parkise-
bur, naxevrad Tavisufali TeTri an mkrTalwiTur volvaSia
Camjdari. fexi mkrTalwiTuraa, sayelos gareSe.
rbilobi – TeTria.
sporebi – sferosebri, uferuli. 10-15X9-13 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze, wiwvian da foTlovan tyeSi zafxul-Semod-
gomiT.
saWmelad gamoiyeneba axali.

134
yviTeli bilwa soko
Amanita gemmata (Fr.) Gill.
Ve[jvjh zhrj-;tknsq

qudi – 3-10 sm-mde diametrisaa, limonisferi moyviTalo an

TeTri, zogjer SuaSi mura an molurjo feri gadakravs,
kideebi daRarul-zoliania, zedapirze axasiaTebs saerTo
saburvelis narCenebi, TeTri fifqebis saxiT. firfitebi
TeTria.
fexi – 5-12 sm sigrZisaa da 0,8-2 sm sisqisa, moTeTroa,
boWkovani an sada zedapiriT, ZirSi gamsxvilebulia da
Camjdaria TeTr, saerTo saburvlis narCenSi, fexze
ganviTarebuli aqvs TeTri sayelo, romelic zogjer swrafad
qreba.
sporebi – elifsisebri, uferuli, 8-12X7-9 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze, wiwvian da foTlovan tyeSi zafxul-Semod-
gomiT.
iTvleba saWmel sokod.
hgavs Tavisive gvaris Sxamian sokoebs, amitom didi sifrTxile
gvmarTebs, an Segrovebisagan Tavi unda SevikavoT.

135
TavWedila
Amanita pantherina (Fr.) Secr.
Ve[jvjh gfynthysq

qudi – 5-10 sm-mde diametrisaa, jer naxevarsferosebria,

Semdeg ki brtylad amozneqili; dasawyisSi zedapiri lorwoia-
nia, romelzedac saerTo saburvlis narCenebi TeTri
meWeWebis saxiTaa ganlagebuli koncentrulad; muraa,
moyviTalo-mura an moyviTalo-momwvano WuWyisferi. firfi-
tebi TeTria.
fexi – 7-15 sm sigrZisaa da 0,5-2 sm sisqisa; ZirSi bolqvisebria
da masze ganlagebulia koncentruli rgolebi, axasiaTebs
TeTri sayelo.
rbilobi – TeTria.
sporebi – elifsuri, uferuli, 10-12X7-8 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze, foTlovan da wiwvian tyeSi, zafxul-Semod-
gomiT.
Zlier Sxamiania, iwvevs nervuli centrebis damblas.

136
mewamuli bilwasoko
Amanita porphyria (Fr.) Secr.
Ve[jvjh gjhabhjdsq

qudi - 4-9 sm-mde diametrisaa, jer zarisebria,

Semdeg–gaSlili, zedapirze axasiaTebs meCxrad ganwyobili
msxvili TeTri fifqebi, romelic saerTo saburvlis narCens
warmoadgens, kideebi sadaa, mura-nacrisferi an nacrisfer-
mura mewamuli elferiT, firfitebi TeTria.
fexi – 5-10 sm sigrZisaa da 0,8-1,5 sm sisqisa, ZirSi bolqvise-
bria, Camjdaria naxevrad Tavisufal, odnav danakvTul TeTr
volvaSi. axasiaTebs sayelo, fexi mis qvemoT muraa, ZirSi
Sebusvilia, moTeTro an nacrisfer-iisferia. sayelo sadaa,
TeTri, moyviTalo an nacrisfer-iisferi.
rbilobi – TeTria.
sporebi – burTisebria, uferuli, 8-10 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze, foTlovan da Sereul tyeSi zafxul-
SemodgomiT.
Zlier Sxamiania, Seicavs Sxamian nivTierebas – bufotenins,
iwvevs nervuli centrebis sidamblaves.

137
Sxama
Amanita phalloides (Fr.) Secr.
<ktlyfz gjufyrf

qudi – 5-10 sm-mde diametrisaa, jer naxevarsferosebria,

Semdeg – brtylad amozneqili, saerTo saburvlis narCenebi
qudis zedapirze swrafad qreba, ris gamoc qudi TiTqmis
yovelTvis titvelia, kideebi sadaa an odnav zoliani,
moyviTalo-momwvano, Ria momwvano an zogjer moTeTro. fir-
fitebi Tavisufalia, TeTria, qudis kidesTan momrgvalebuli.
fexi – 5-10 sm sigrZisaa da 0,5-2 sm sisqisa, ZirSi bolqvisebria,
Tavisufladaa Camjdari parkisebr TeTr an moyviTalo
volvaSi. fexze ganviTarebulia firfitovani sayelo, ro-
melic Signidan Ria moyviTaloa, garedan ki – TeTri an mo-
mwvano.
rbilobi – TeTria, kanis qveS ki momwvano-moyviTalo,
gadanaWerze fers ar icvlis. beber sokos Zveli umi kartofi-
lis suni dahkravs.
sporebi – TiTqmis sferosebria, wagrZelebuli wveriT, ufe-
ruli, 8-10X7-8 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze, foTlovan da Sereul tyeebSi zafxul-
SemodgomiT.
yvelaze saSiSi Sxamiani sokoa, misi qudis 1/4 nawilis Wamis
SemTxvevaSic ki mowamvla sikvdiliT mTavrdeba. Seicavs Sxa-
mian nivTierebas – falotoqsins. mowamvlis pirveli niSnebi 8-
70 sT-is Semdeg vlindeba. iwyeba Zlieri faRaraTiT, Rebine-
biT, gaZlierebuli SardviT, krunCxvebiT, wyurviliT. sami
dRis Semdeg avadmyofs ewyeba moCvenebiTi ukeTesoba, magram
male avadmyofi yviTldeba da RviZlis funqciis moSlis gamo
iRupeba.
msgavseba – gamoucdel sokos moyvarulebs es soko SeiZleba
SeeSaloT qama sokoSi, Tumca qamas, misgan gansxvavebiT, aqvs
movardisfro an Sokoladisferi firfitebi. qamas ar gaaCnia
bolqvi fexis boloSi da volva. ar unda agverios is agreTve
mtredio da xaxvilo sokoebSi.

138
139
marwyvio
Amanita rubescens (Fr.) S.F. Gray.
Ve[jvjh cthj-hjpjdsq

qudi - 3-15 sm-mde diametrisaa, jer amoburculi, Semdeg ki –

naxevrad gaSlili, zedapirze saerTo saburvelis narCenebi
TeTri, moyviTalo an monacrisfro meWeWebis saxiTaa
SerCenili, qudis kideebi jer sadaa, Semdeg ki – wvrilzo-
liani, WuWyisfer-movardisfro. rbilobi TeTria, haerze
wiTldeba.
fexi – 5-15 sm sigrZisaa da 1-4 sm sisqisa, ZirSi bolqvisebura-
daa gamsxvilebuli, zedapiri wvrilqerclovania, TeTri,
Semdeg ki – mowiTalo. fexze axasiaTebs firfitovani sayelo,
romelic kideebisken fifqovan-zoliania, jer TeTria, Semdeg
ki wiTldeba. firfitebi TeTria, axasiaTebs volva, romelic
sokos momwifebisas zogjer qreba. fexi momwifebisas bolqvi-
dan bolomde mura wiTeli xdeba.
sporebi – elifsisebria, uferuli, 8-12X5-8 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze, foTlovan da wiwvian tyeSi, zafxul-Semod-
gomiT.
ixmareba saWmelad
axali, winaswar unda
gaiTuTqos 10-15 wT.
msgavseba – hgavs
misive gvaris Sxamian
sokoebs, gansakuT-
rebiT – TavWedilas
(Amanita pantherina), rom-
lis firfitebi da rbilobi,
marwyviosagan gansxvavebiT,
gadanatexze arasodes wiTl-
deba, agreTve, sayeloze
zolebi ar gaaCnia.

140
sqeli bilwa soko
Amanita spissa (Fr.) Kumm.
Ve[jvjh rjhtyfcnsq

qudi - 3-15 sm-mde diametrisaa; jer burTisebria, Semdeg –

gaSlili, zedapiri dafarulia wvrili moTeTro meWeWebiT,
kideebi sadaa an odnav zoliania, monacrisfro momwvanoa an
monacrisfro-mura. firfitebi TeTria.
fexi - 7-12 sm sigrZisaa da 1-3 sm sisqisa, axasiaTebs TeTri,
zoliani sayelo. TeTria an nacrisferi, zedapiri sayelos
qvemoT qerclovani, ZirSi ganviTarebuli aqvs nacrisferi
fifqovani volva, romelic advilad sZvreba.
rbilobi – TeTria, bolokis suniT.
sporebi – elifsisebria, uferuli, 8-10X6-8 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze, wiwvian da Sereul tyeSi, zafxul-
SemodgomiT.
iTvleba saWmelad, magram misi gamoyenebisagan jobs Tavi
SevikavoT, radgan hgavs Sxamian sokoebs.

141
kvercxisebri bilwasoko
Amanita ovoidea
Ve[jvjh zqwtdblysq

qudi_ 3-10sm diametrisaa, jer kvercxisebria, Semdeg naxe-

varsferosebri, kideebi daRarulia, saerTo saburvlis
narCenebi TeTri meWeWebis saxiTaa, romlebic Cqara qreba,
limonisfer-yviTelia an TeTri. FfirfFitebi xSiria, TeTri,
Sebusvili kideebiTaa.
fexi _ 7-15 sm sigrZisa da 2-3 sm sisqisaa, fifqovania,
bolqviseburi ZiriT, TeTri. sayelo sqelia, Sebusvili, sada,
TeTri. volva naxevrad Tavisufalia, danakvTuli, TeTri,
Semdeg WuWyisfer-miyviTalo.
rbilobi – TeTri da mkvrivia.
sporebi – 9-12X6-8 mkm
izrdeba – foTlovan da wiwvian tyeebSi, zafxul-SemodgomiT.
saWmelad uvargisia.

142
girCisebri amanita
Amanita solitaria
Ve[jvjh jlbyjrbq

qudi _ 6-5 sm daimetrisaa, zedapiri dafarulia moTeTro-

monacrisfro, sqeli kuTxovani meWeWebiT, kideebi sadaa,
moTeTro, centrSi xSirad monacrisfro ieri aqvs. firfitebi
TeTria, Zalian xSiri da Tavisufali.
fexi _ 10-20 sm sigrZisa da 1-4 sm sisqisaa, AZirSi bolqviseburi
da ramdenadme fesviseburadaa wagrZelebuli. fifqovan-
qerclovani, TeTria. sayelo zoliani, Camokidebuli, xSirad
mosZvreba xolme, momwifebamde ar rCeba.
rbilobi _ TeTria, mkvrivi, sasiamovno suniT.
sporebi _ 9-14X6-9,5 mkm.
izrdeba foTlovan da Sereul tyeebSi, zafxul-SemodgomiT.
saWmelad gamoiyeneba axali, oRond qudze kani unda gavaca-
loT.

143
ruxi livliva
Amanita vaginata (Fr.) Vitt.
Gjgkfdjr cthsq

qudi – 4-15 sm-mde diametrisaa, jer zarisebria, Semdeg ki –

gaSlili, SuaSi borcvaki axasiaTebs, zedapirze TeTri fif-
qebi aqvs ganviTarebuli, romlebic momwifebisTanave qreba,
kideebi daRarul-zoliania, nacrisferia an movercxlisfro-
nacrisferi. firfitebi TeTria.
fexi – 8-20 sm sigrZisaa da 0,5-1 sm sisqisa, titveli an fifqo-
vani zedapiriT, sayelos gareSe, ZirSi gaberilia da Casmulia
parkisebr volvaSi.
sporebi – sferosebria, uferuli, 10-12 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze, foTlovan da wiwvian tyeSi zafxul-Semo-
dgomiT.
saWmelad gamoiyeneba axali.

144
abreSumisebri volvariela
Volvariella bombycina (Fr.) Sing.
Djkmdfhbtkkf itkrjdbcnfz

qudi – 5-20 sm-mde diametrisaa, jer zarisebria, Semdeg ki

gaSlili, axasiaTebs borcvaki, zedapiri mSralia da dafaru-
lia abreSumisebri bususiT, jer TeTria, Semdeg – moyviTalo.
firfitebi ganieria, xSiri, norCobaSi TeTri, Semdeg – movar-
disfro.
fexi – TeTria sigrZiT 5-16 sm, 1-2 sm qudisken dawvrilebu-
lia, ZirSi gaganierebulia da Camjdaria parkisebr TeTr an
Jangmiwisfer volvaSi.
sporebi – elifsisebria, movardisfro, 7-10X5-6 mkm.
izrdeba gamxmar da dampal foTlovan xeebze, gansakuTrebiT
wifelze, zafxul-SemodgomiT.
pirobiTad saWmeli sokoa, gamoiyeneba axali.

145
lamazi volvariela D
Volvariella speciosa (Fr.) Sing.
Djkmdfhbtkkf rhfcbdfz

qudi – 5-12 sm-mde diametrisaa, jer TiTqmis sferosebri,

Semdeg ki – zarisebri, lorwovan-webovani zedapiriT; TeTria,
centrSi ki mura nacrisferia. firfitebi ganieria, jer TeTri,
Semdeg ki – vardisferi.
fexi – 10-15 sm sigrZisaa da 2-3 sm sisqisa, ZirSi gaberilia, da-
sawyisSi qeCisebri zedapiriT, Semdeg ki – sada. fexi
Camjdaria TeTr volvaSi.
sporebi – elifsisebria, araTanabari gverdebiT, vardisferi.
12-18 X 7-10 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze, saZovrebze, parkebSi, baRebSi da a.S.
zafxul-SemodgomiT.
saWmelad uvargisia, zogjer literaturaSi moxseniebulia,
rogorc saWmeli, magram misi gamoyenebisagan jobs Tavi Sevi-
kavoT.

146
irmis pluteusi
Pluteus atricapillus (secr.) Sing.
Gk.ntq jktybq

qudi – 5-15 sm-mde diametrisaa; jer zarisebria, Semdeg –

gaSlili, SuaSi borcvaki axasiaTebs; zedapiri boWkovania,
nacrisferia an nacrisfer-yavisferi. firfitebi ganieria.
fexi – 5-15sm sigrZisaa da 0,8-2 sm sisqisa; zedapirze
axasiaTebs sigrZivi Savi wvrili boWkoebi, ZirSi gasqelebu-
lia; TeTria.
sporebi – ganier-elifsiseburia, vardisferi, 7-9X5-6 mkm.
izrdeba dampal xeebze zafxul-SemodgomiT.
gamoiyeneba saWmelad axali.

147
muqkidiani pluteusi
Pluteus atromarginatus (konr.) Kuhn.
Gk.ntq xthyjrhfqybq

qudi – muqi muraa, 5-10 diametrisa, gaSlili zarisebri, brwyi-

navi zedapiriT. firfitebi norCobaSi TeTria, Semdeg ki
vardisferi, muqi kideebiT, romlebic arSiasaviT aqvs
Semovlebuli.
fexi – mkrTal-nacrisferia, mura, sigrZivi boWkoebiT.
sporebi – elifsisebria, vardisferi, 6-7X4-5 mkm.
izrdeba mxolod dampal wiwvian xeebze zafxul-SemodgomiT.
gamoiyeneba saWmelad axali, damuJuJebuli da damwnilebuli.

148
TeTri weroswviva
Macrolepiota excoriata (Fr.) sing.
Uhb,-pjynbr ,tksq

qudi – 5-10 sm diametrisaa, jer naxevarsferosebria,

Semdeg – gaSlili da qolgas mogvagonebs. zedapiri dafaru-
lia wvrili qerclebiT, daxeTqilia, kideebTan TeTri fifqi-
sebri boWkoebi axasiaTebs, moTeTroa, centrSi muraa, firfi-
tebi ZirSi SeerTebulia rgoliT (qmnian kolariums).
fexi – 5-8 sm sigrZisa da 0,5-1 sm sisqisaa, ZirSi gasqelebulia,
TeTri sayelo moZravia fexis mimarT; TeTria.
sporebi – kvercxisebr-elifsisebria, uferuli, 12,5-16X7-10
mkm.
izrdeba niadagze velze, mdeloze, tyis piras, baRebSi da a.S.
zafxul-SemodgomiT.
gamoiyeneba saWmelad axali da gamSrali.

149
weroswviva (mgzavrio) U
Macrolepiota procera (Fr.) Sing.
Uhb,-pjynbr gtcnhsq

qudi – 10-25 (45) sm diametrisaa; jer kvercxisebria, Semdeg

ki – naxevrad gaSlili, SuaSi axasiaTebs borcvaki, zedapiri
dafarulia kuTxovani, yavisfer-mura qerclebiT, romlebic
advilad sZvreba, kideebTan fifqovan-qerclovania,
moTeTroa an monacrisfero-mura, centrSi ufro muqia. fir-
fitebi TeTria, Semdeg ki mowiTalo xdeba, firfitebi fexTan
mimagrebis adgilas SeerTebulia rgoliT (kolariumiT).
fexi – 15-30 (50) sm sigrZisa da 2-4 sm sisqisaa, ZirSi gamsxvile-
buli, dafarulia koncentrulad ganwyobili mura boWkovani
qerclebiT, moTeTroa, Semdeg ki – Ria mura. sayelo ganieria,
moZravia fexis mimarT, TeTria, qveda mxridan – mura.
rbilobi – TeTri, sokos sasiamovno suniT.
sporebi – elifsisebri uferuli, 15-20X10-13 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze tyis piras da mdeloze zafxul-
SemodgomiT.
gamoiyeneba saWmelad axali, mxolod qudi.

150
rbilobwiTela weroswviva U
Macrolepiota rhacodes (Vitt.) Sing.
Uhb,-pjynbr rhfcyt.obq

qudi – 10–15 sm diametrisaa; jer sferosebria, Semdeg ki –

qolgisebri, boWkovan-daxeTqili zedapiriT, romelic dafa-
rulia meCxrad ganwyobili, msxvili, ganieri oTxkuTxa yavis-
feri qerclebiT, monacrisfro muraa an monacrisfro-
moyviTalo Jangmiwisferi, centrSi ufro muqia. firfitebi
TeTria, fexTan mimagrebis adgilas SeerTebulia rgoliT
(kolariumiT). F
fexi – 10-25 sm sigrZisaa da 1,5-2,sm sisqisa, ZirSi bolqvise-
bria, moTeTro an Ria moyavisfro. sayelo TeTria an mura,
moZravia fexis mimarT.
rbilobi – TeTria, haerze wiTldeba, gansakuTrebiT fexSi.
sporebi – elifsisebria, uferuli, 13,5-16X6-8 mkm.
izrdeba tyeebsa da tyis pirebSi zafxul-SemodgomiT.
gamoiyeneba saWmelad axali, mxolod qudi.

151
eklebiani lepiota
Lepiota acutesquamosa (Weinm.) kumm.
Ktgbjnf jcnhjxtieqxfnfz

qudi – 12 sm-mde diametrisaa, qolgisebria, SuaSi axasiaTebs

borcvaki. zedapiri dafarulia piramidiseburad wawvete-
buli, jagrisebri yavisfer-mura xorklebiT, mura an wablis-
feria, firfitebi TeTria. fexi - 5-12 sm sigrZisaa da 0,8-1 sm
sisqisa, ZirSi bolqviseburadaa gasqelebuli. axasiaTebs
TeTri sayelo, sayelos zemoT TeTria, dafqviluli,
qvemoT – moyviTalo mura an muq-mura, koncentrulad ganwyo-
bili boWkovani qerclebiT.
rbilobi – TeTria, arasasiamovno suniT da momwaro gemoTi.
sporebi – wagrZelebuli-ovaluria. uferuli, 7-8X2,5-4 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze, foTlovan da wiwvian tyeSi, zafxul-Semo-
dgomiT.
Sxamiania, iwvevs saWmlis momnelebeli sistemis moSlas.

152
TeTra L
Lepiota alba (Bres.). sacc.
Ktgbjnf ,tkfz

qudi – 3-8 sm-mde diametrisaa, brtylad amoburculia, ganieri

borcvakiT, SuaSi sadaa, kidebTan – boWkovan-qerclovani,
TeTria, Semdeg ki moyviTalo. firfitebi TeTria, momwifebi-
sas moyviTalo xdeba.
fexi – 4-6 sm sigrZisaa da 0,3-0,5 sm sisqisa, sayelos qvemoT
fifqovani TeTria.sayelo TeTria, zemodan moyviTalo, qvemo-
dan zoliani, sokos momwifebasTan erTad qreba.
rbilobi – qudSi TeTria, fexSi moyviTalo, axasiaTebs bolo-
kis suni.
sporebi – elifsisebria, uferuli, 12-14X5,5-6,5 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze, mdeloze, parkebSi, tyis piras, zafxul-
SemodgomiT.
gamoiyeneba saWmelad axali.

153
farisebri lepiota
Lepiota clypeolaria (Fr.) Kumm.
Ktgbjnf obnrjdfz

qudi – 4-8 sm-mde diametrisaa, jer zarisebria, Semdeg ki –

brtylad amozneqili, SuaSi borcvaki axasiaTebs, zedapiri
dafarulia koncentrulad ganwyobili fifqisebri
qerclebiT, kideebTan boWkovania, moTeTro, Semdeg
moyviTalo-mura, Zalian cvalebadia ferebSi, centrSi
yovelTvis muqia, firfitebi TeTri an moyviTaloa.
fexi – 4-10 sm sigrZisaa da 0,4-1 sm sisqisa, ZirSi odnav gamsxvi-
lebulia, sayelos zemodan sadaa, qvemodan TeTri an
moyviTalo fifqisebri qerclebiTaa dafaruli, qudisferia
sayelo fifqovania da swrafad qreba, qudisferia.
rbilobi – TeTria. sporebi elifsisebria an TiTistarisebri,
uferuli 12-16X5,5-6,5 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze wiwvian da foTlovan tyeSi zafxul-
SemodgomiT.
saWmeli sokoa.

154
savarcxela lepiota
Lepiota cristata (Fr.) Kumm.
Ktgbjnf uht,tyxfnfz

qudi – 4-8 sm-mde diametrisaa; jer zarisebria, Semdeg – ramde-

nadme gaSlili, SuaSi borcvaki axasiaTebs, zedapiri dafaru-
lia koncentrulad ganwyobili mowiTalo-mura qerclebiT,
moTeTroa, SuaSi mura, firfitebi xSiria, TeTri.
fexi – 3-7 sm sigrZisaa da 0,3-0,8 sm sisqisa, ZirSi odnav gamsx-
vilebulia, zedapiri sadaa, moTeTro, xorcisfer-
mowiTalomde, axasiaTebs viwro, TeTri an mowiTalo apkisebri
sayelo, romelic male qreba.
rbilobi – TeTria, gadatexisas fexSi wiTldeba, axasiaTebs
mxuTavi suni da cudi gemo.
sporebi – elifsisebria, uferuli 6-8X3-4 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze tyeSi, mdeloze,
parkebSi zafxul-SemodgomiT.
Sxamiani sokoa.
msgavseba – hgavs farisebr
lepiotas.
SeniSvna: savarcxela lepiotas
msgavsia, yavisfer-mowiTalo
lepiota (Lepiota brunneoincarnata
Chacl.et Mart.), romelic
momakvdinebeli Sxa-
miania, saqarT-
veloSi napovnia
mxolod vaSlo-
vanis nakrZalSi.

155
wiTelfirfita lepota
Lepiota naucina (Fr.) Kumm.
Ktgbjnf rhfcyjgkfcnbyxfnfz

qudi – 2-5 sm diametrisaa, jer sferosebria, Semdeg – naxev-

rad gaSlili, ganieri borcvakiT, qerclovan-marcvlovania,
TeTri, xSirad moyviTalo an movardisfro elferiT.
firfitebi Zalian xSiri, Txeli, talRiseburi mowiTalo
ferisaa.
fexi – 2-6 sm sigrZisa da 0,3-0,5 sisqisaa, ZirSi gamsxvile-
buli, boWkovani, TeTri. axasiaTebs TeTri feris apkisebri
moZravi sayelo, romelic Cqara qreba.
rbilobi – mkvrivi TeTri ferisaa, xelis Sexebisas qudTan
odnav yviTldeba, xolo fexis ZirSi vardisfers iRebs.
sasiamovno suniTa da gemoTi.
sporebi – 7-0X3-5 mkm. TeTri.
izrdeba wiwvian da foTlovan tyeebSi, parkebSi, baRebSi zafx-
ul-SemodgomiT.
gamoiyeneba saWmelad axali, gemrieli sokoa.

156
marcvlovani cistoderma
Cystoderma granulosum (Fr.) Fay.
Wbcnjlthvf pthybcnfz

qudi – 5 sm-mde diametrisaa, jer naxevarsferosebria, Semdeg

amoburculi, nakleb SesamCnevi borcvakiT, marcvlovani
zedapiriT, mowiTalo-muraa, firfitebi – sustad Sezrdili,
TeTria, Semdeg moyviTalo feri gadahkravs.
fexi – 2-6 sm sigrZisaa da 0,4 sm sisqisa, swori, mTliani,
Ziridan 2/3-ze windasaviT aqvs da qudis feria, qudisken, `win-
dis~ zeviT, TeTria.
rbilobi – TeTri.
sporebi – ovaluria, 3-6X2-3 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze wiwvian da Sereul tyeSi zafxul-
SemodgomiT.
gamoiyeneba saWmelad axali.

157
mindvris qama
Agaricus arvensis (schaeff.) Secr.
Ifvgbymjy gjktdjq

qudi – 8-20 sm-mde diametrisaa, jer mrgvlad amoburculia,

Semdeg – brtyeli, titveli zedapiriT, TeTria, mura feri
gadahkravs, zogjer moyviTalo laqebiT, xelis Sexebisas
yviTldeba. firfitebi dasawyisSi TeTria, Semdeg nacrisferi
da bolos Sokoladisferi.
fexi – sigrZiT 5-10 sm-ia da sisqiT 1-2 sm, TeTria, Semdeg
yviTldeba, ZirSi gamsxvilebulia, axasiaTebs ormagi, zole-
biani sayelo.
rbilobi – TeTria an moyviTalo, motkbo gemoTi.
sporebi – elifsisebria, mura-mewamuli, 8-9,5+4,8 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze tyis pirebSi, saZovrebze, mdeloze, adre
gazafxulidan gvian Semodgomamde.
saWmeli sokoa, ixmareba axali da damuJuJebuli.
hgavs Sxamian qamas, gansxvavdeba imiT, rom karbolis mJavis
suni ar axasiaTebs.

158
kulturuli qama (orsporiani qama)
Agaricus bisporus (Lge.) Sing.
Ifvgbymjy ldecgjhjdsq

qudi – xorciani 5-10 sm diametrisaa, jer naxevarsferosebria,

kideebSekecili, Semdeg ki iSleba; zedapiri radialur-boWko-
vania, WuWyisfer-TeTria, nacrisferi yavisfer-muramde, xelis
daWerisas wiTldeba; firfitebi Tavisufalia, xSiri, jer mova-
rdisfro-nacrisferi, S D emdeg ki – muqi yavisferi.
fexi – sigrZiT 3-6 sm-ia da sisqiT 1-2 sm; sworia, Tanabari sis-
qisaa, zogjer ZirSi gaganierebulia; TeTria, sayelos qvemoT
boWkovani, sayelo sqelia, advilad scildeba, moTeTroa.
rbilobi – TeTria, gadatexisas vardisfrdeba an odnav
wiTldeba, axasiaTebs sokos suni da gemo.
sporebi – wagrZelebuli kvercxisebria, mewamul-yavisferi,
4-7,5X4-5,5 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze saZovrebze, parkebSi, baR-bostnebSi, gada-
mwvar nakelis grovebze, zogjer didi raodenobiTac, gazaf-
xulidan gvian Semodgomamde.
saukeTeso saWmeli sokoa, gamoiyeneba axali. bevr qveyanaSi
misdeven mis sawarmoo maStabiT xelovnur
moSenebas specialur SenobebSi.

159
qalaqis qama (orsayeloiani qama)
Agaricus bitorquis (Quel.) Sacc.
Ifvgbymjy lde[rjkmwtdjq

qudi – 4-10 sm diametrisaa, jer naxevarsferosebria, Semdeg

mrgvlad amoburculi, Sekecili kideebiT, sada, TeTri an
moTeTro, zogjer Jangmiwisferi laqebi axasiaTebs. firfi-
tebi Tavisufalia, xSiri, viwro, jer vardisferi, Semdeg
ki – moyavisfro-Sokoladisferi.
fexi – 5-7 sm sigrZisa da 1,5-3 sm sisqisaa, cilindrulia, zog-
jer ZirSi gasqelebuli, TeTria, axasiaTebs orSriani sayelo,
romelic uviTardeba fexis qveda nawilze.
rbilobi – TeTri, gadatexisas haerze jer vardisferi xdeba,
Semdeg ki muqdeba, sasiamovno suni axasiaTebs.
sporebi – elifsisebria, mura, 5-7X3,5-5 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze, parkebSi, baRebSi, qalaqis quCebSi gazafxu-
lidan gvian Semodgomamde.
axali soko kargi saWmelia. zogierT qveyanaSi misdeven mis
xelovnur moSenebas sawarmoo masStabiT.

160
mdelos qama
Agaricus campestris (L.) Fr.
Ifvgbymjy j,sryjdtyysq

qudi – 5-12 sm diametrisaa, jer naxevarsferosebria, Semdeg

iSleba da brtyladaa amozneqili, zedapiri dafarulia
wvrili mura qerclebiT, TeTria. firfitebi jer movardis-
froa, Semdeg muqdeba da bolos Savdeba.
fexi – sigrZiT 3-10 sm-ia da sisqiT 1-2 sm; TeTria, Semdeg ram-
denadme yviTldeba; cilindrulia, axasiaTebs firfitisebri
TeTri sayelo.
rbilobi – sqelia, TeTri ferisaa, haerze vardisferi xdeba.
sporebi – elifsisebria, mewamuli-mura, 6-5X4-5 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze, mindorSi, saZovarze, baRebSi, mdeloze,
adre gazafxulidan gvian Semodgomamde.
kargi saWmeli sokoa, ixmareba axali; saqarTveloSi qama didad
fasobs sxva sokoebTan SedarebiT.

161
Wreli qama
Agaricus placomyces Peck.
Ifvgbymjy ntvyjxtieqxfnsq

qudi – 5-10 sm diametrisaa, mrgvlad amoburculia, zedapiri

dafarulia moSavo-mura qerclebiT, nacrisfer-yavisferia,
SuaSi – ufro muqi.
fexi – 6-10 sm sigrZisa da 1-1,2 sm sisqisaa; cilindruli,
swori, ZirSi bolqvisebria, WuWyisfer-TeTri. sayelo ganie-
ria, TeTri.
rbilobi – fexis ZirSi, haerze da xelis daWerisas mowiTalo-
mura xdeba.
sporebi – elifsisebria, muqi yavisferi, 5-7X3-4 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze, wiwvian da foTlovan tyeSi, zafxul-Semod-
gomiT.
Sxamiania, iwvevs saWmlis momnelebeli sistemis moSlas.

162
tyis qama
Agaricus silvaticus Schaeff. ex Secr.
Ifvgbymjy ktcyjq

qudi – 5-10 sm diametrisaa, jer zarisebria, Semdeg ki – brty-

lad amozneqili, SuaSi borcvaki axasiaTebs, zedapiri dafaru-
lia mura qerclebiT an boWkoebiT, Ria muraa, SuaSi ufro
muqia, firfitebi – xSiri, jer vardisferi, Semdeg – mura
Sokoladisferi da bolos – TiTqmis Savi.
fexi – 7-15 sm sigrZisa da 0,5-1,5 sm sisqisaa, TeTri ferisa,
cilindruli, xSirad ZirSi gaberilia, zedapirze axasiaTebs
yavisferi, meCxrad ganwyobili qerclebi, sayelo Signidan
TeTria.
rbilobi – TeTria. gadatexisas haerze jer swrafad
wiTldeba, Semdeg mura feris xdeba.
sporebi – elifsisebria, mura-mewamuli, 6-8X3,5-4 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze, yvelanair tyeSi, gazafxulidan gvian Semo-
dgomamde.
gamoiyeneba saWmelad axali.

163
cxvario
Agaricus tabularis Peck.
Ifvgbymjy nf,kbnxfnsq

qudi – xorciania, 5-20 sm diametrisa, brtylad amoburculi,

mkvrivi, zedapiri dafarulia didi piramidiseburi meWeWebiT.
moTeTroa. firfitebi viwroa, jer TeTria, Semdeg mura-Savi.
fexi – 3-4 sm sigrZisa da 1-3 sm sisqisaa, mkvrivia, sqeli
sayeloTi.
rbilobi – moTeTroa, haerze yviTldeba.
sporebi – ganier-elifsisebria, mura-mewamuli, 8-13X5-7 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze subalpur tyis pirebSi da subalpur mde-
loze, zafxul-SemodgomiT.
kargi saWmeli sokoa, ixmareba axali.

164
Sxamiani qama
Agaricus xanthodermus Gener.
Ifvgbymjy hs;t.obq

qudi – 5-15 sm diametrisaa, jer naxevarsferosebria, Semdeg

amoburculi, zedapiri TiTqmis titvelia, TeTri, xelis
daWerisas yviTldeba, firfitebi Txelia, jer TeTri an movar-
disfro, Semdeg – yavisferi.
fexi – 5-15 sm sigrZisa da 1-2 sm sisqisaa, ZirSi gaberilia, axa-
siaTebs sayelo. TeTria.
rbilobi – moTeTroa mura ieriT, fexis ZirTan moyviTalo-
Ria, fexis fuZis gasqelebaSi narinjisferia, axasiaTebs arasa-
siamovno karbolis mJavis suni – e.w. `afTiaqis suni~.
sporebi – elifsisebria, mura-mewamuli, 5-5,8 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze baRebSi, parkebSi, mindvrebSi zafxul-Semo-
dgomiT.
Sxamiania, iwvevs saWmlis momnelebeli sistemis moSlas.

165
mercxala soko (gvelis soko) Y
Coprinus comatus (Mul. Fr.) S.F. Gruy.
Yfdjpybr ,tksq

qudi – 10 sm-mde diametrisaa, jer cilindrulia, mogvianebiT

ramdenadme gaSlili, zedapiri dafarulia sqeli boWkovani,
odnav zeviT aweuli qerclebiT, TeTria. firfitebi
Tavisufali, ganieri, norCobaSi TeTri, Semdeg vardisferi da
bolos – Savi. momwifebisas lRveba Sav siTxed.
fexi – 5-15 sm sigrZisaa da 1-1,5 sm sisqisaa; ZirSi bolqvisebu-
rad gamsxvilebulia, axasiaTebs TeTri sayelo, romelic
fexis mimarT moZravia.
rbilobi – TeTri, nazi, Txelxorciani, sasiamovno suniTa da
gemoTi.
sporebi – 10-13X5-8 mkm, kvercxisebria.
izrdeba danagvianebul
adgilebSi baRebSi,
parkebSi da a.S. zogjer
mTeli wlis ganmav-
lobaSi.
saWmelad ixmareba
mxolod norCo-
baSi.

166
silio (melnis soko)
Coprinus atramentarius (Bull: Fr.) Fr.
Xthybkmysq uhb,

qudi – 10 sm diametrisaa, jer kvercxisebria, Semdeg farTo

zarisebri, sigrZiv-boWkovani, centrSi mura qerclebiT,
nacrisfer-yavisferia. centrSi ufro muqia. firfitebi
Tavisufali, farTo, jer TeTria, Semdeg wiTldeba, momwife-
buli Savia da male iwyebs galRobas Savi siTxis saxiT.
fexi – 10-20 sm sigrZisa da 1-2,5 sm sisqisaa, xSirad TiTistari-
sebri, boWkovani zedapiriT, qudze Ria ferisaa. fexze
axasiaTebs sayelo, romelic male qreba da mis adgilas rCeba
naWdevi. TeTria.
rbilobi – TeTria, male muqdeba. sunis gareSe, motkbo gemo-
sia.
sporebi – kvercxisebria an elifsise-
bri, Savi 8-9X5 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze, saZo-
vrebze, baRebSi, bostnebSi,
dampali xeebis axlos, zog-
jer mTeli wlis ganma-
vlobaSi.
saWmelad mxolod norCobaSi
ixmareba. alkoholTan erTad
Sxamiania, iwvevs saWmlis momne-
lebeli sistemis moSlas.
Zvelad beberi sokoebisa-
gan akeTebdnen melans,
romelic gamoiyene-
boda gansakuTrebiT
mniSvnelovani doku-
mentebis Sesadgenad,
romelTa gayalbebac Za-
lian Znelia, radgan Sei-
caven am sokosaTvis damaxa-
siaTebel sporebs, romelTa
identificirebac mikrosko-
piT Zalian martivia.

167
mglis soko
Coprinus micaceus (Bull: Fr.) Fr.
Yfdjpybr vthwf.obq

qudi – 6 sm-mde diametrisaa, zarisebri, kideebTan boWkovan-

zoliania, zedapiri dafarulia mbzinavi qerclebiT, romle-
bic sokos momwifebisTanave qreba, moyviTalo-muraa, centrSi
ufro muqi firfitebi, dasawyisSi TeTria, Semdeg Savdeba.
fexi – 5-10 sm sigrZisa da 0,3-0,5 sm sisqisaa, TeTria.
rbilobi – Txeli moTeTro-Calisferi sasiamovno gemoTi da
sokos damaxasiaTebeli suniT.
sporebi – 7,5-10X4,5-6,5mkm. elifsisebria, muqi yavisferi,
TiTqmis Savi.
izrdeba niadagze, nakelian adgilebze, dampal xeebze da maT
axlos mTeli wlis manZilze.
saWmelad gamoiyeneba mxolod norCobaSi, magram alkoholTan
erTad Sxamiania. iwvevs saWmlis momnelebeli sistemis moSlas.

168
TeTri crumanWkvala
Psathyrella candolleana (Fr.) R. Mre.
Kj;yjjgtyjr rfyljkz

qudi – 8 sm-mde diametrisaa, jer farTo zarisebria, Semdeg

ramdenadme brtyeli, SuaSi blagvi borcvaki axasiaTebs, radi-
kalurad danaoWebulia, kideebTan damskdari, moTeTroa,
centrSi moyviTalo-mura. firfitebi viwro, jer TeTri,
Semdeg WuWyisfer-vardisferi da bolos mewamul-mura, ufro
Ria feris kideebiT.
fexi – 4-10 sm sigrZisa da 0,5-0,8 sm sisqisaa, cilindruli,
boWkovani zedapiriT, sayelos gareSe, TeTria.
rbilobi – TeTri, sasiamovno gemoTi da gansakuTrebuli
sunis gareSe.
sporebi – farTo ovaluri, moyviTali-yavisferi, 6-9X4-5,5 mkm.
izrdeba dampal xeebze mTel savegetacio periodSi.
gamoiyeneba saWmelad axali.

169
adreula agrocibe
Agrocybe praecox (Fr.) Fay.
Xtieqxfnrf hfyyzz

qudi – 8 sm-mde diametrisaa, mrgvlad amoburculia, SuaSi

borcvaki axasiaTebs, zedapiri daxeTqilia, SiSveli,
moyviTalo-mura. firfitebi jer TeTria, Semdeg – yavisfer-
TeTri kideebiT.
fexi – 4-8 sm sigrZisa da 0,5-1 sm sisqisaa; cilindruli, ZirSi
odnav gaganierebuli, dafqviluli zedapiriT, TeTria,
Zirisken TandaTanobiT mura xdeba.
rbilobi – TeTria, fexSi ki – moyviTalo.
sporebi – kvercxisebr-elifsisebria, WuWyisfer-yavisferi,
9-12X5-6 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze tyeSi, mdeloze, saZovarze, baRebsa da bos-
tnebSi, adre gazafxulidan gvian Semodgomamde.
mdare xarisxis saWmeli sokoa, ixmareba axali.

170
lurj-mwvane strofaria
Stroparia aeruginosa (Cur: Fr.) Quel.
Cnhjafhbz cbyt-ptktyfz

qudi – 8 sm-mde diametrisaa, farTo zarisebria, Semdeg

gaSlili, kideebTan axasiaTebs fifqovani TeTri qerclebi,
zedapiri lorwovan-webovania, jer momwvano-cisferia, Semdeg
nacrisferi gadahkravs. firfitebi Sezrdilia, jer qudis
feria, Semdeg iisfer-mura, TeTri kideebiT.
fexi – 4-10 sm sigrZisa da 1-2 sm sisqisaa, cilindruli, zeda-
piri dafarulia lorwoTi, axasiaTebs sayelo, fexis zedapiri
sayelos zemoT sadaa, qvemoT – TeTrfifqovani, qudis feria.
rbilobi – qudSi moTeTroa, fexSi – momwvano-moyviTalo.
sporebi – ovalur-elifsisebria, mura-iisferi, 7-10X4-5 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze tyeSi da saZovarze zafxul-SemodgomiT.
karg saWmel sokod iTvleba, ixmareba axali.

171
manWkvalas matyuara K
Hypholoma fasciculare (Huds: Fr.) Kumm.
Kj;yjjgtyjr cthyj-;tknsq

qudi – 7 sm-mde diametrisaa, jer zarisebria, Semdeg – ramde-

nadme gaSlili, axasiaTebs borcvaki, zedapiri titvelia,
yviTeli an mura-yviTeli, kideebze axasiaTebs moTeTro-
moyviTalo boWkovani fifqebi. firfitebi Sezrdilia fexTan,
xSiria, viwro, jer gogirdis feria, Semdeg momwvanoa da sabo-
lood – moSavo-momwvano-moyviTalo.
fexi – 5-15 sm sigrZisa da 0,5-1 sm sisqisaa, boWkovani
zedapiriT, yviTelia, zeda nawilSi axasiaTebs Ria yviTeli
ablabudisebri sayelos narCenebi.
rbilobi – yviTelia, arasasiamovno suniT da mware gemoTi.
sporebi – elifsisebria, sada zedapiriT, 6-8X4-5 mkm. iZleva
moSavo-iisfer anabeWds.
izrdeba did jgufebad gamxmar da dampal wiwvian da
foTlovan xeebze zafxul-SemodgomiT.
momakvdinebeli Sxami-
ania. moqmedebs tvinsa
da nervul centrze,
romelic awesrigeben
calkeuli organoebis
funqcias, iwvevs maT
sidamblaves. mowamvlis
klinikuri suraTi ise-
Tivea, rogorc Sxama-
Ti mowamlisas. gansxvav-
deba manWkvalasagan qu-
dis, firfitebisa da
sporebis mtvris feriT.

172
crumanWkvala K
Hypholoma sublateritium (Fr.) Qluel.
Kj;yjjgtyjr rbhgbxyj-rhfcysq

qudi – 10 sm-mde diametrisaa, brtylad amozneqili, aguris-

fer-wiTeli, kideebTan moyviTaloa, zedapiri zogjer nazi
TeTri fifqebiTaa dafaruli. firfitebi Sezrdilia fexTan;
jer moTeTroa, Semdeg – moSavo-momwvano-moyviTalo.
fexi – 5-10 sm sigrZisa da 0,8-1,5 sm sisqisaa, cilindrulia,
ZirSi dawvrilebuli, moyviTalo, ZirSi boWkovani da yavis-
feri.
rbilobi – yviTeli, mware.
sporebi – elifsisebri, sada zedapiriT, 6-8X3-4 mkm.
izrdeba did jgufebad gamxmar da dampal foTlovan xeebsa
da Zirnayar totebze zafxul-SemodgomiT.
momakvdinebeli Sxamiania, iwvevs nervuli centrebis sidam-
blaves, romlebic awesrigeben cal-
keuli organoebis funqcias.
iwvevs maT damblas. mowamvlis
klinikuri suraTi iseTivea,
rogoric SxamaTi (ix.) mowamv-
lisas. saWmeli manWkvalasa-
gan garegnulad gansxvavdeba
nayofsxeulis, firfitebisa
da sporebis mtvris feriT.

173
oqrosferi qerclovana
Pholiota aurivella (Batsch.: Fr.) Kumm.
Xtieqxfnrf pjkjnbcnfz

qudi – 15 sm diametrisaa, xorciania, jer naxevarsferosebria,

Semdeg – ramdenadme brtyeli, SuaSi xSirad borcvaki
axasiaTebs, zedapiri dafarulia mura qerclebiT, webovania,
gamSrali prialaa, kideebi boWkovan-qerclovania, oqrosfer-
yviTeli an mura-yviTeli. firfitebi Sezrdilia, ganieri; jer
moyviTaloa, Semdeg ki – yavisfer-mura.
fexi – 7-10 sm sigrZisa da 1-1.5 sm sisqisaa, qerclovani zeda-
piri axasiaTebs, yviTelia. sayelo boWkovania, romelic male
qreba.
rbilobi – moTeTroa, gadatexisas moyviTalo-mura xdeba.
sporebi – kvercxisebr-elifsisebria. iZleva yavisfer-
Jangisfer anabeWds, 8-9X5-6 mkm.
izrdeba did jgufebad gamxmar da dampal foTlovan xeebze
zafxul-SemodgomiT.
saWmelad axali ixmareba.

174
qerclovana
Pholiota squarrossa (Mull.: Fr.) Kumm.
Xtieqxfnrf djhcbcnfz

qudi – 10 sm diametrisaa, jer naxevarsferosebria, Semdeg

gaSlili, moyviTalo-mura, dafarulia ufro muqi, kuTxovani,
wawvetebuli, zedapiridan odnav aweuli, jagrisebri
qerclebiT, firfitebi jer moyviTaloa, Semdeg – Jangisfer-
yavisferi.
fexi – 5-12 sm sigrZisaa da 1-1,5 sm sisqisa, Zirisken wvrildeba,
qudis feria, dafarulia xSiri, zedapiridan aweuli, ufro mu-
qi, jagrisebri, koncentrulad ganwyobili qerclebiT.
rbilobi – muqi, bolokis suniTa da gemoTi.
sporebi – elifsisebria, sada zedapiriT, WuWyisfer-yavis-
feri, 6-8X3,5-4 mkm.
izrdeba jgufebad cocxali foTlovani, iSviaTad wiwviani
xeebis gamxmar da dampal merqanze, zafxul-SemodgomiT.
saWmelad uvargisia.

175
zafxulis manWkvala
Kuehneromyces mutabilis (Schaett.: Fr.) Sing. et A.H. Sm.
Jgtyjr ktnybq

qudi – 6 sm-mde diametrisaa, jer amoburculia, Semdeg

brtyeli, SuaSi borcvaki axasiaTebs. zedapiri odnav qerclo-
vania, moyviTalo-muraa. kideebi ufro muqia. firfitebi
Sezrdilia, TiTqmis daRmavali; jer Ria ferisaa, Semdeg –
mura elferiT.
fexi – 4-8 sm sigrZisaa da 0,5-1,5 sm sisqisa, cilindrulia,
Zirisken wvrildeba. axasiaTebs qudisferi sayelo. fexi saye-
los zemoT TeTria, moyviTalo elferiT, mis qvemoT ki muqi
muraa.
rbilobi – moTeTroa, sasiamovno gemoTi.
sporebi – kvercxisebr-elifsisebria, Jangisferi, 6-7X4-5 mkm.
izrdeba jgufebad dampal foTlovan xeebze, iSviaTad wiw-
vianze, zafxul-SemodgomiT.
kargi saWmeli sokoa, gamoiyeneba yvela saxiT. bevr qveyanaSi
misdeven mis xelovnurad moSenebas sawarmoo masStabiT..

176
varskvlavspora boWkovana D
Inocybe asterospora. Quel
Djkjrjyybwf pdtpljcgjhjdfz

qudi – 7 sm-mde diametrisaa, zarisebria, Semdeg ramdenadme

gaSlili, borcvakiTaa, zedapiri dafarulia radialurad
ganwyobili boWkoebiT, Jangisfer-yavisferia an moyviTalo-
yavisferi. firfitebi nacrisfer-yavisferia.
fexi – 3,5-8 sm sigrZisa da 0,3-1,2 sm sisqisaa, moTeTro, Jangmi-
wisferi an Jangisfer-yavisferia, rbilobs arasasiamovno suni
axasiaTebs.
sporebi – varskvlavisebri formisaa, 9-12X6,8-10 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze wiwvian da foTlovan tyeebSi zafxul-
SemodgomiT.
Zalian Sxamiania, moqmedebs nervul sistemaze.

177
wvetiani boWkovana
Inocybe fastigiata (Schaeff.: Fr.) Quel.
Djkjrjyybwf djkjrybcnfz

qudi –8 sm-mde diametrisaa, konusisebri, zedapiri dafaru-

lia radialurad ganwyobili boWkovani qerclebiT,
Jangmiwisferia muq-yavisframde. firfitebi momwvano-
moyviTaloa Jangisframde.
fexi – 3-8 sm sigrZisaa da 0,2-0,8 sm sisqisaa, zedapiri dafaru-
lia TeTri bewvebiT, moTeTro an Jangmiwisferi, xSirad
Zirisken gamsxvilebulia.
rbilobi – TeTria, arasasiamovno mZafri suniT.
sporebi – elifsisebria, sada, moyviTalo 8-18X5-7,5 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze wiwvian da foTlovan tyeebSi, parkebSi,
zafxul-SemodgomiT.
momakvdinebeli Sxamiani sokoa, azianebs vegetatiur nervul
sistemas.

178
miwiseuli boWkovana D
Inocybe geophylla (Sow.: Fr.) Kumm.
Djkjrjyybwf ptvkzyfz

qudi – 4 sm-mde diametrisaa, konusisebri, Semdeg ramdenadme

gaSlili, SuaSi borcvaki axasiaTebs, zedapiri radialurad
boWkovania, kideebTan daxeTqilia, TeTria, yviTeli, zogjer
iisferi an movardisfro. firfitebi TeTria an iasamnisferi,
Semdeg muqdeba.
fexi – 4-6 sm sigrZisa da 0,3-0,5 sm sisqisaa, cilindruli,
Zirisken gamsxvilebulia, qudisferi. rbilobi TeTri, arasa-
siamovno suniT.
sporebi – moyviTalo-mura, wagrZelebul-ovaluri, 7,5-11X5-7
mkm.
izrdeba niadagze, tyeSi an tyis piras zafxul-SemodgomiT.
momakvdinebeli Sxamiani sokoa, iwvevs nervuli sistemis dam-
blas.

179
patuilardas boWkovana D
Inocybe patoullardi Bres.
Djkjrjyybwf gfneqzhf

qudi – 8 sm-mde diametrisaa, zarisebria, SuaSi borcvaki

axasiaTebs, boWkovania da radialurad daxeTqili zedapiriT,
jer moTeTroa, moyviTalo elferiT, Semdeg – mowiTalo an
mowiTalo-yavisferi. firfitebi ganieri, jer movardisfroa,
Semdeg – moyavisfro, mowiTalo laqebiT.
fexi – 2-10 sm sigrZisa da 0,8-1,5 sm sisqisaa, cilindruli,
ZirSi gamsxvilebuli, sada zedapiriT, qudis feria.
rbilobi – TeTria, haerze fers ar icvlis, an odnav wiTldeba
fexSi, sasiamovno gemoTi da xilis suniT.
sporebi – ovaluria, 9-14X5-8 mkm.
izrdeba tyesa da parkebSi zafxul-SemodgomiT.
momakvdinebeli Sxamiani sokoa.

180
cruxraSuna K
Hebeloma crustuliniforme (Bull.: St. Amans) Quel.
Kj;ysq dfkeq

qudi – 10 sm-mde diametrisaa, jer baliSiseburad amoburcu-

lia, Semdeg – brtylad amozneqili, zedapiri sadaa, lorwova-
nia, Ria nacrisfer-yavisferi, centrSi ufro muqi. firfitebi
viwroa, xSiri, araTanabari kideebiT, nestian amindSi gamoyofs
wvens, mSral amindSi laqebiania, jer moTeTroa, Semdeg –
moyviTalo-Tixisferi mura elferiT.
fexi – 4-7sm sigrZisaa da 1-2,5sm sisqisaa, ZirSi ramdenadme
gasqelebulia, qudisken TeTria da qerclebiania, danarCeni
moTeTro-moyviTaloa.
rbilobi – TeTria, bolokis suniT, momwaroa.
sporebi – elifsisebr-nuSisebria, xorkliani zedapiriT, Ria
mura, 9-12X5,5-8 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze tyeSi, parkebSi, gzis piras da a.S. zafxul-
SemodgomiT.
saWmelad uvargisia.

181
qamasebri
Rozites caperata (Pers.: Fr.) Karst.
Rjkgfr rjkmxfnsq

qudi – 12 sm-mde diametrisaa, naxevrsferosebri, Semdeg brty-

lad amoburculi, zedapiri dafqvilulia, moyviTalo-mura
movardisfro elferiT. firfitebi Sezrdilia, ganieri, dak-
biluli kideebiT, jer WuWyisfer-yviTelia, Semdeg
ki – moyviTalo-mura.
fexi – 4-10 sm sigrZisa da 1-2 sm sisqisaa, cilindruli, ZirSi
gaganierebuli, sigrZiv boWkovania, moyviTalo-mura,
axasiaTebs yviTeli, firfitovani ganieri sayelo.
rbilobi – TeTria, gadatexisas yviTldeba, gansakuTrebuli
sunis gareSe.
sporebi – kvercxisebr-limonisebria, xorkliani zedapiriT,
Jangmiwisfer-yviTelia, 11-14X7-9 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze wiwvian da foTlovan tyeebSi zafxul-
SemodgomiT.
kargi saWmeli sokoa, ixmareba axali.

182
yviTeli ablabuda soko G
Cortinarius armeniacus (Fr.) Fr.
Gfenbyybr f,hbrjcjdj-;tknsq

qudi – 8 sm-mde diametrisaa, zarisebria, Semdeg amoburculi

da bolos – brtyeli; zogjer SuaSi ganieri borcvaki
axasiaTebs, qudis kideebTan zogjer zoliania,
zedapirze – abreSumisebri boWkoebiT, moyviTalo-narinjis-
feri an moyviTalo-Jangismiwisferia, firfitebi ganieria,
xSiri, jer Jangisfer-yviTeli, Semdeg – moyviTalo-yavisferi.
fexi – 4-7 sm sigrZisa da 0,5-1,5 sm sisqisaa, Zirisken gamsxvile-
buli, TeTri, TeTri zolebiT, saburveli an ara aqvs, an
mkrTali sayelos saxiT axasiaTebs.
rbilobi – TeTria an moyviTalo, gansakuTrebuli gemos
gareSe da bolokis suniT.
sporebi – 8-9,5X4,5-5,5 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze wiwvian tyeSi SemodgomiT.
saWmeli sokoa.
SeniSvna:
*gvar Cortinarius-is saxeobebs ablabudiani sokoebi ewodebaT,
maTi kerZo saburvelis ablabudebis gamo. saqarTveloSi cno-
bilia maTi 44 saxeoba, romelTagan zogi saWmelia, umravle-
soba uvargisia saWmelad.

183
manWkvalisebri ablabudiani soko G
Cortinarius armillatus (Fr.) Fr.
Gfenbyybr ,hfcktnxfnsq

qudi – 10 sm-mde diametrisaa, jer amoburculi, Semdeg –

gaSlili, SuaSi ganieri borcvaki axasiaTebs, zedapiri
abreSumisebri, boWkovania, mowiTalo-yavisferi. kideebze
mewamuli boWkoebis gamo. ablabuda mura-vardisferia. fir-
fitebi ganieria, Sezrdili, jer Ria ferisaa, Semdeg – wiTur-
yavisferi.
fexi – 5-14 sm sigrZisa da 1-3 sm sisqisaa, TiTistarisebria,
zedapiri dafarulia abreSumisebri boWkoebiT, vercxlis-
fer-muraa, ganviTarebuli aqvs 2-4 kaSkaSa-wiTeli, TiTqmis
firfitovani, beWediviT zoli.
rbilobi – Ria yavisferia, gansakuTrebuli gemos gareSe da
nestis suniT.
sporebi – farTo elifsisebria an nuSisebri, wvrilxorkliani
zedapiriT, 7-12X5-7 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze tyeSi, zafxul-SemodgomiT.
saWmeli sokoa.

184
arSiiani ablabudiani soko G
Cortinarius balteatus (Fr.) Fr.
Gfenbyybr gjkjcrjq

qudi – 3-12 sm diametrisaa, amoburculi, xorcovani, zedapiri

qeCisebria, mSrali, zogjer odnav webovani, wiTuria yavis-
framde; kideze iisferi arSia aqvs Semovlebuli.
fexi – 4-7 sm sigrZisa da 2-4 sm sisqisaa, cilindruli, ZirSi
gaganierebuli, moTeTro an Jangmiwisferia. firfitebi
Sezrdilia kbiliT, jer Ria moyviTaloa, Semdeg – Jangisfer-
yavisferi.
rbilobi – TeTria, mkvrivi, arasasiamovno suniT.
sporebi – nuSis formisaa, wvrilmeWeWiani zedapiriT,
moyviTalo-muraa, 8-11X5,8-6 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze foTlovan da Sereul tyeSi SemodgomiT.
saWmelad ar ixmareba.

185
sartyliani ablabudiani soko
Cortinarius bivelus (Fr.)Fr.
Gfenbyybr jgjzcfyysq

qudi – 3-7 sm diametrisaa, naxevarsferosebri, Semdeg

ki – brtylad amozneqili, Ria-Jangisfer-yavisferia an
mowiTalo-Jangisferi. firfitebi jer TeTria, Semdeg ki –
Jangmiwisfer-yavisferi.
fexi – sigrZiT 5-8 sm-ia da sisqiT 1-3 sm, ZirSi gaganierebuli
an bolqvisebri; moTeTroa, axasiaTebs qeCisebri TeTri sart-
yeli, firfitebi jer TeTria, Semdeg ki – Jangmiwisfer-yavis-
feri.
rbilobi – muqia, gansakuTrebuli gemos da sunis gareSe.
sporebi – elifsisebria, TiTqmis sada zedapiriT, moyviTalo-
Jangisferia, 7-9X4-5 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze wiwvian da arynar tyeSi zafxul-
SemodgomiT.
saWmelad ar gamoiyeneba.

186
lamazfexa ablabudiani soko G
Cortinarius calochrous (fr) Fr.
Gfenbyybr rhfcbdjyj;rjdsq

qudi – 4-6 sm diametrisaa, brtylad amozneqili, sada, lorwo-

vani zedapiriT, jer limonisfer-yviTelia, Semdeg ki – SuaSi
narinjisfer-yviTeli an Jangisferi; zogjer kideebTan momw-
vano elferi gadahkravs.
fexi – 3-5 sm sigrZisa da 0,5-1 sm sisqisaa, ZirSi bolqviseburia,
moTeTro. firfitebi Sezrdilia; jer iisferia, zogjer var-
disferi elferiT, Semdeg – baci yavisferi.
rbilobi – moTeTroa, gansakuTrebuli gemosa da sunis
gareSe.
sporebi – nuSisebria, meWeWebiani zedapiriT, moyviTalo-
yavisferia, 8-10X4,5-6 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze foTlovan tyeSi SemodgomiT.
saWmelad ar gamoiyeneba.

187
mware ablabudiani soko G
Cortinarius causticus Fr.
Gfenbyybr ujhmrbq

qudi – 3-5 sm diametrisaa, naxevarsferosebria, Semdeg ki –

brtylad amoburculi, zedapiri lorwovania, wiTur-
Jangisferia mowiTalo-yavisframde. kideebi ufro Ria feri-
saa da daxeTqili.
fexi –3-4 sm sigrZisa da 0,6-2 sm sisqisaa, ZirSi dawvrilebu-
lia, Jangmiwisferia, zedapiri odnav webovania. firfitebi
Sezrdilia kbiliT, jer Ria Jangisferia, Semdeg – wiTur-
Jangisferi.
rbilobi – moTeTroa, kanis qveS Jangisferia, mware ar aris,
qudis kani mwarea.
sporebi – elifsisebria, wvrilxorciani zedapiriT,
muqJangisferi, 6-8X3-4 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze wiwvian da foTlovan tyeSi zafxul-
SemodgomiT.
saWmelad uvargisia.

188
lurjfexa ablabudiani soko G
Cortinarius cyanopus Fr.
Gfenbyybr cbytyj;rjdsq

qudi – 6-10 sm diametrisaa; naxevarsferosebria, Semdeg ki –

brtylad amoburculi, centrSi blagvia, mura-monacrisfroa
mowiTalo elferiT, Semdeg ki – iisfer-wiTur-yavisferi.
firfitebi iisferia an Ria cisfer-nacrisferi, Semdeg yavis-
frdeba.
fexi – 5-10 sm sigrZisa da 1-2 sm sisqisaa, ZirSi bolqvisebria,
jer lurjia, Semdeg – TeTri, fexis zeda nawilSi axasiaTebs
lurji sayelo.
sporebi – nuSis formisaa, dawinwkluli zedapiriT, 9-14X5-7 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze foTlovan da Sereul tyeSi zafxul-
SemodgomiT.
saWmeli sokoa.

189
mravalsaxovani ablabudiani soko G
Cortinarius multiformis Fr.
Gfenbyybr vyjujj,hfpysq

qudi – 4-10 sm diametrisaa, jer mrgvlad amoburculia, Semdeg

– gaSlili webovani zedapiriT, TeTri ablabudisebri
saburvliT, moyviTalo-yavisferia. firfitebi jer TeTria,
Semdeg – Jangmiwisfer-yavisferi.
fexi – 7-10 sm sigrZisa da 1-2 sm sisqisaa; ZirSi bolqvisebria
da TeTri, Jangmiwisfer-yavisferia.
rbilobi - TeTria, Taflis motkbo suniT.
sporebi – nuSis formisaa, wvrilxorkliani zedapiriT,
moyviTalo-muraa, 10-12X5-6 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze tyeSi SemodgomiT.
saWmelad uvargisia.

190
momwvano-wiTuri ablabudiani soko G
Cortinarius rufoolivaceus. (Fr.) Fr.
Gfenbyybr hs;t-jkbdrjdsq

qudi – 10 sm-mde diametrisaa, jer amoburculi,

Semdeg – gaSlili, lorwoiania zedapiriT, centrSi mewamul-
lurjia, kideebisken ki – muqi iisferi, firfitebi jer
yviTelia, Semdeg ki – Jangisfer-yavisferi.
fexi – 5-11 sm sigrZisa da 1,2-1,8 sm sisqisaa, ZirSi bolqviviT
gamsxvilebuli; Rvinisfer-wiTelia.
rbilobi – iisferi, qudis centrSi ki – mkrTal-yviTeli.
sporebi – 11-14X7-8 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze tyeSi zafxul-SemodgomiT.
saWmelad uvargisia.

191
samforma ablabudiani soko G
Cortinarius triformis Fr.
Gfenbyybr nht[ajhvysq

qudi – 9 sm-mde diametrisaa, mrgvlad amoburculi, SuaSi

borcvaki axasiaTebs; rodesac svelia, muqwiTel-yavisferia,
mSrali ki – moyviTalo an molurjo-mowiTalo-yavisferi,
zedapiri abreSumisebria. firfitebi jer moyviTaloa, Semdeg
– Jangisfer-yavisferi.
fexi – 3-7 sm sigrZisa da 0,8-2 sm sisqisaa, ZirSi bolqvisebura-
daa gamsxvilebuli; TeTria, axasiaTebs erTi an ramdenime
sayelosebri warmonaqmni.
rbilobi – TeTria.
sporebi – TiTistarisebria, yavisferi. 7-9X5-6 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze tyeSi zafxul-SemodgomiT.
saWmelad uvargisia.

192
lurjana G
Cortinarius violaceus (L.: Fr.) Fr.
Gfenbyybr abjktnjdsq

qudi – 15 sm-mde diametrisaa, jer naxevarsferosebria,

Semdeg ki – brtylad amoburculi, zedapiri qerclovan-
boWkovania. firfitebi brtyeli, meCxeri, Sezrdilia fexTan.
sokos nayofsxeuli mTlianad muqi iisferia.
fexi – 3-7 sm sigrZisa da 0,8-2 sm sisqisaa, ZirSi bolqvisebria,
zedapiri boWkovan-qerclovania.
rbilobi – jer mocisfroa, Semdeg – TeTri.
sporebi – farTo-elifsisebria, gverdula, xorkliani
zedapiriT, moyviTalo-mura Jangisferi elferiT, 10-16X7-10
mkm.
izrdeba niadagze wiwvovan da foTlovan tyeSi zafxul-
SemodgomiT.
saWmelad gamoiyeneba axali.

193
mura soko
Russula adusta (Fr.) Fr.
Cshjt;rf xthyfz

qudi – zogjer 25 sm-mde diametrisaa, jer amoburculia,

Semdeg ki – Zabrisebri, zedapiri webovania, WuWyisfer-mura an
muqi mura, priala. firfitebi jer TeTria, Semdeg – monacris-
fro-WuWyisferi, odnav daRmavali.
fexi – 3-5 sm sigrZisa da 2,5-3 sm sisqisaa, qudis feria.
rbilobi – TeTria, Semdeg Savdeba.
sporebi – wvrilxorkliani zedapiriT, 7-10X5,5-8 mkm. spore-
bis mtveri monacrisfroa.
izrdeba niadagze tyeSi zafxul-SemodgomiT.
saWmelad mxolod damwnilebuli gamoiyeneba.

194
mtredio
Russula aeruginea Lindbl. ex. Fr.
Cshjt;rf ptktyfz

qudi – 10 sm diametrisaa, jer mrgvlad amoburculi, Semdeg –

gaSlili da SuaSi CaRrmavebuli, zedapiri webovania, titveli,
kideebi daRarulia, Ria mwvanea an nacrisfer-momwvano. fir-
fitebi TeTria.
fexi – 4-7 sm sigrZisa da 2-3 sm sisqisaa, cilindrulia, TeTri.
rbilobi – TeTri, xelis daWerisas muqdeba.
sporebi – elifsisebria, xorkliani zedapiriT 8-10X6-8 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze tyeSi, gansakuTrebiT wiflnarebSi,
zafxul-SemodgomiT.
gamoiyeneba saWmelad axali, damwnilebuli da gamSrali.

195
Rvinio
Russula cyanoxantha (Schaeff.ex Fr.)
Cshjt;rf cbyt-;tknfz

qudi – 12 sm diametrisaa, jer naxevarsferosebria, Semdeg

TiTqmis brtyeli, daRaruli kideebiT; qudi araTanabrad aris
Seferili. SuaSi momwvanoa an mura, kideebisken iisfer-
mowiTaloa, iisfer-nacrisferi an monacisfro-mwvane. firfi-
tebi TeTria.
fexi – 5-10 sm sigrZisa da 1-3 sm sisqisaa, cilindrulia, sada
zedapiriT, TeTri.
rbilobi – TeTri.
sporebi – elifsisebria, gamWirvale, xorkliani zedapiriT,
7-10X6-7 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze foTlovan da Sereul tyeSi, zafxul-
SemodgomiT.
saWmelad axali, damwnilebuli da gamSrali ixmareba.

196
cxeniskbila G
Russula delica Fr.
Gjluhepljr ,tksq

qudi – 20 sm-mde diametrisaa, jer amoburculia,

Semdeg – ZabriviT CaRrmavebuli, zedapiri wvrilqeCisebria,
Semdeg – titveli, TeTria. firfitebi daRmavalia, Txeli,
TeTri, cisferi elferiT.
fexi – 2-4 sm sigrZisa da 1-3 sm sisqisaa, wvrilqeCisebri zeda-
piriT, TeTria.
rbilobi – TeTria.
sporebi – zedapiri xorkliani aqvs, 8-11X7-9 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze yvelanair tyeSi, zogjer did jgufebad;
zafxul-SemodgomiT. didi zomis sokoa.
saWmelad mxolod mwnilis saxiT gamoiyeneba.
garegnulad Zalian waagavs savarcxelas, magram cxeniskbila
rZismagvar siTxes ar Seicavs.

197
bRavana
Russula emetica (Schaeff.: Fr.) S.F.Gray.
Cshjt;rf ;uext-tlrfz

qudi – 10 sm-mde diametrisaa, jer amoburculia,

Semdeg – gaSlili da SuaSi ramdenadme CaRrmavebuli, zeda-
piri webovania, kani advilad Zvreba, Ria wiTelia. firfitebi
TeTria.
fexi – 5-8 sm sigrZisa da 1-1,5 sm sisqisaa, cilindruli, TeTri
an WuWyisfer-vardisferi.
rbilobi – TeTria da Zalian cxare.
sporebi – farTo elifsisebria, xorkliani zedapiriT, 7,5-
12X6-9,5 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze tyeSi zafxul-SemodgomiT.
saWmelad mxolod mwnilis saxiT, winaswar dalbobis Semdeg
gamoiyeneba.

198
myrali xraSuna D
Russula foetens (Pers.: Fr.) Fr.
Dfkeq

qudi – 15 sm-mde diametrisaa, jer sferosebria, Semdeg –

brtyeli da SuaSi CaWyletili, Rrmad daRaruli kideebiT,
zedapiri dafarulia lorwoTi, Jangmiwisferi an
Jangmiwisfer-mura. kideebi ufro muqia firfitebi
moyviTalo-TeTria, gamoyofs wylis wveTebs, Semdeg ki
uCndeba mura laqebi.
fexi – 4-10 sm sigrZisa da 2-3 sm sisqisaa, SuaSi gaberili, moTe-
Troa.
rbilobi – TeTria, cxare gemoTi da arasaiamovno sinestis
suniT.
sporebi – elifsisebria, msxvilxorkliani zedapiriT, ufe-
ruli, 8-11X8-9 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze tyeSi zafxul-SemodgomiT.
ixmareba dasamwnileblad winaswar gaTuTqvis an dalbobis
Semdeg.

199
wiTelkaba (wiTlio)
Russula lepida Fr.
Cshjt;rf ,fh[fnbcnfz

qudi – 10 sm-mde diametrisaa, jer naxevarsferosebria,

Semdeg – brtyeli, zedapiri mSralia, sisxlisfer-wiTeli
Seferilobisa, centrSi ufro Ria ferisaa, Semdeg ramdenadme
uferuldeba. firfitebi sqeli, TeTri odnav moyviTalo
elferiT.
fexi – 4-7 sm sigrZisa da 1-2 sm sisqisaa, cilindrulia, TeTri
movardisfero elferiT.
rbilobi – odnav momwaroa.
sporebi – sferosebria, xorkliani, 7-9 mkm diametrisa.
izrdeba niadagze foTlovan tyeSi, umTavresad wiflnarebSi,
zafxul-SemodgomiT.
saWmelad axali da damwnilebuli ixmareba. literaturaSi
zogan arasworadaa miTiTebuli, rom saWmelad uvargisia.

200
fqvilio
Russula lutea Fr.
Cshjt;rf pjkjnbcnj-;tknfz

qudi – 5 sm-mde diametrisaa, jer brtylad amozneqili, Semdeg

brtyeli, webovani zedapiriT, yviTelia, zogjer kideebTan va-
rdisferia, firfitebi yviTelia, Semdeg ki – Jangmiwisfer-yvi-
Teli.
fexi – 2-4 sm sigrZisa da 0,6-0,8 sm sisqisaa, TeTria.
rbilobi – faSaria, TeTri.
sporebi – elifsisebr-sferosebri, xorkliani zedapiriT,
8-11X7-9 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze wiwvovan da foTlovan tyeSi zafxul-
SemodgomiT.
gamoiyeneba saWmelad axali da damwnilebuli.

201
moSavo xraSuna
Russula nigricans (Bull.: MER. Fr.)
Cshjt;rf xthyt.ofz

qudi – 20 sm-mde diametrisaa, jer amoburculi, Semdeg SuaSi

CaRrmavebuli, jer TeTria, Semdeg yavisferi da bolos –
moSavo, firfitebi sqeli, meCxrad ganwyobili, jer TeTri,
Semdeg nacrisferi, gadatexisas wiTldeba.
fexi – 3-8 sm sigrZisa da 2-3 sm sisqisaa; cilindrulia, jer Ria
ferisaa, Semdeg ki – Savi.
rbilobi – TeTri, gadatexisas vardisfer-nacrisferi xdeba,
Semdeg ki Savdeba, motkbo gemo da suni aqvs.
sporebi – TiTqmis sferosebria, xorkliani zedapiriT, ufe-
ruli, 6-8X6-7 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze wiwvian da foTlovan tyeSi, zafxul-
SemodgomiT.
gamoiyeneba saWmelad mxolod damwnilebuli, winaswar
gaTuTqvis an dalbobis Semdeg.

202
Janga xraSuna
Russula ochroleuca Fr.
Cshjt;rf ,ktlyj-;tknfz

qudi – 4-8 sm-mde diametrisaa, jer brtyeli, Semdeg –

Zabrisebri, zedapiri sadaa, lorwovan-webovani, kideebi
zoliani, Jangisferia, iSviaTad – momwvano. firfitebi sqelia,
TeTri, Semdeg moyviTalo xdeba.
fexi – 4-7 sm sigrZisa da 1,5-2 sm sisqisaa, TeTridan
Jangisframde.
rbilobi – TeTria da cxare.
sporebi – TiTqmis sferosebri, xorkliani xedapiriT, ufe-
ruli, 8-8,5X7 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze wiwvian da foTlovan tyeSi zafxul-Semod-
gomiT.
gamoiyeneba dasamwnileblad winaswar gaTuTqvis an dalbobis
Semdeg.

203
daTunia
Russula vesca Fr.
Cshjt;rf gbotdfz

qudi – 10 sm-mde diametrisaa, jer amoburculi, Semdeg

ki – gaSlili, kideebi sadaa an daRaruli, araTanabrad aris
Seferili, mowiTalo-xorcisfridan muramde. firfitebi
TeTri an moyviTalo-TeTri.
fexi – 4-8 sm sigrZisa da 1-8 sm sisqisaa, cilindrulia,
Zirisken wvrildeba, sigrZiv odnav danaoWebulia; TeTria.
rbilobi – TeTria, motkbo gemoTi.
sporebi –msxliseburi, wvrilxorkliani zedapiriT, ufe-
ruli, 6-8X5-7 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze wiwvovan da foTlovan tyeSi zafxul-
SemodgomiT.
gamoiyeneba saWmelad axali da damwnilebuli.

204
xaxvilo
Russula virescens (Schaeff.: Lant.) Fr.
Cshjt;rf xtieqxfnfz

qudi – 15 sm-mde diametrisaa, naxevarsferosebria, Semdeg

brtyeli, xorciani, zedapiri daxeTqilia da axasiaTebs
meWeWebi, molurjo-wvane an mwvane. firfitebi TeTri an
moyviTalo.
fexi – 5-10 sm sigrZisa da 2-3 sm sisqisaa, cilindruli, TeTria.
rbilobi – TeTria.
sporebi – elifsisebri, xorkliani zedapiriT, uferuli, 6,5-
7X5,5 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze wiwvovan da foTlovan tyeSi zafxul-
SemodgomiT.
gamoiyeneba saWmelad axali da damwnilebuli. xraSuna
(Russula) sokoTa Soris yvelaze karg sokod iTvleba.

205
aromatuli xraSuna
Russula xerampelina (Schaeff.: Secr.) Fr.
Cshjt;rf ,eht.ofz

qudi – 10 sm-mde diametrisaa, jer amoburculi, Semdeg –

gaSlili, SuaSi CaRrmavebuli, Zabrisebri, zolian-borcve-
biani kideebiT, dasawyisSi odnav lorwovania, Semdeg
ki – mSrali, sxvadasxvanairadaa Seferili: moRvinisfro,
wiTeli, yavisferi, momwvano-mura, moSavo-mura, centrSi
ufro muqia, kani advilad sZvreba. firfitebi jer TeTria,
Semdeg – Ria moyviTalo, xeliT Sexebisas muqdeba.
fexi – 3-10 sm sigrZisa da 1.5-3 sm sisqisaa, cilindrulia,
TeTria, movardisfro-iisferi an mowiTalo, Sexebisas muq-
deba.
rbilobi – TeTria, Semdeg muqdeba, qaSayis suni axasiaTebs
(trimeTilaminis suni).
sporebi – TiTqmis sferosebria, xorkliani zedapiriT,
Jangmiwisferi, 8-13X8-12 mkm.
izrdeba wiwvovan da foTlovan tyeSi zafxul-SemodgomiT.
gamoiyeneba saWmelad axali da damwnilebuli.
SeniSvna: aromatul xraSunas aqvs ramdenime saxesxvaoba, rom-
lebic erTmaneTisagan SeferilobiT ganirCevian.

206
wvenwiTela
Lactarius acris (Fr.) S.F.Gray
Vktxybr jcnhsq

qudi – 12 sm-mde diametrisaa, jer mrgvlad amoburculi,

Semdeg – SuaSi CaWyletili, muqmura-yavisferia, yavisferi
moyviTalomde. firfitebi Ria Jangmiwisferia.
fexi – 4-5 sm sigrZisa da 1-1,5 sm sisqisaa, nacrisfer-yavisfe-
ria.
rbilobi – gadatexisas soko gamoyofs TeTr, rZismagvar
cxare siTxes, romelic haerze swrafad wiTldeba.
sporebi – elifsisebria, xorkliani zedapiriT. 8-19X6-8 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze wifnarebSi zafxul-SemodgomiT.
gamoiyeneba saWmelad winaswar gaTuTqvis an dalbobis Semdeg
dasamwnileblad.

207
mWada H
Lactarius deliciosus (L. Fr.) F. Gray
Hs;br

qudi – 15 sm-mde diametrisaa, jer mrgvlad amoburculia,

Semdeg gaSlili da Zabriseburad CaRrmavebuli, zedapiri
sadaa, moyviTalo narinjisferi, ufro muqi koncentruli
zolebiT (ZiriTadad fiWvnarebSi izrdeba), an qudi molurjo
momwvanoa (ZiriTadad naZvnarebSi izrdeba). firfitebi
moyviTalo-narinjisferia, xelis daWerisas mwvandeba.
fexi – 4-6 sm sigrZisa da 1,5-2 sm sisqisaa, cilindruli, qudis-
feri.
rbilobi – moTeTro-moyviTaloa, gadatexisas jer swrafad
wiTldeba, Semdeg ki mwvandeba. gadatexisas soko gamoyofs Ria
narinjisfer rZismagvar siTxes, romelic ramdenime saaTis
Semdeg nacrisfer-mwvane xdeba.
sporebi – 7,5-9X6-8 mkm, elifsisebri, xorkliani zedapiriT,
mkrTal moyviTalo. sporebis mtveri moyviTaloa.
izrdeba niadagze Cveulebriv jgufurad, Ria adgilebSi wiw-
vovan tyeSi zafxul-SemodgomiT.
gamoiyeneba saWmelad axali, damuJuJebuli da damwnilebuli,
erT-erTi saukeTeso saWmeli sokoa. «deliciosus» ‘gemriels’ ni-
Snavs.

208
nacara
Lactarius flexsuosus (Fr.).
Ctheirf

qudi – 10 sm-mde diametrisaa, jer amoburculia, Semdeg –

ZabriviT CaRrmavebuli, titveli zedapiriT nacrisfer-
tyviisferia an yavisfer-nacrisferi, ufro muqi koncen-
truli zolebiT. firfitebi moyviTaloa.
fexi – 4-8 sm sigrZisa da 1-2 sm sisqisaa, cilindruli, ZirSi
ufro wvrili, sigrZiv daRaruli, qudisferia.
rbilobi – TeTria, gamoyofs cxare, TeTr, rZismagvar siTxes.
sporebi – sferosebria, xorkliani zedapiriT, moyviTalo, 6-8
mkm diametrisa. sporebis mtveri yviTelia.
izrdeba niadagze wiflnarebSi da Sereul wiflnarebSi
zafxul-SemodgomiT.
gamoiyeneba saWmelad mxolod damwnilebuli, winaswar
gaTuTqvis Semdeg.

209
miwayara (wovana)
Lactarius insulsus (Fr.) Fr.
Uheplm le,jdsq

qudi – 12 sm-mde diametrisaa, jer brtyeli,

Semdeg – Zabriseburad CaRrmavebuli, zogjer eqscentruli;
zedapiri lorwovani, yviTeli an moyviTalo-narijisferi,
ufro muqi koncentruli zolebiT. firfitebi moTeTro-
moyviTaloa.
fexi – moTeTroa, 5-10 sm sigrZisa da 1-2 sm sisqisaa,
moyviTalo CaRrmavebuli laqebiT.
rbilobi – sqeli, TeTri, gadatexisas yviTldeba da gamoyofs
TeTr, Zalian cxare rZismagvar siTxes.
sporebi – sferosebria, xorkliani zedapiriT, Ria Jang-miwis-
feri, 7-10 mkm diametrisa. sporebis mtveri TeTria.
izrdeba niadagze foTlovan tyeSi, gansakuTrebiT,
muxnarebSi zafxul-SemodgomiT.
ixmareba saWmelad mxolod damwnilebuli, winaswar gaTuTqvis
an dalbobis Semdeg.

210
Savi arya U
Lactarius necator (Fr.) Karst.
Uheplm xthysq

qudi – 20 sm-mde diametrisaa, jer mrgvlad amoburculi,

Semdeg – Zabrisebri, zedapirze mkrTali zonebi axasiaTebs.
kideebi yviTelia da bewvebiani, momwvano-muraa, TiTqmis Savi,
firfitebi jer moyviTaloa, Semdeg ki axasiaTebs yavisferi
laqebi.
fexi – 4-6 sm sigrZisa da 1,5-2,5 sm sisqisaa, mwvane.
rbilobi – TeTria, gadatexisas muqdeba da uxvad gamoyofs
TeTr, cxare, rZismagvar siTxes.
sporebi – elifsisebria, xorkliani zedapiriT, 6-8X5,5-6,5 mkm,
sporebis mtveri moTeTroa.
izrdeba mTis wiwvovan da arynar tyeSi zafxul-SemodgomiT.
gamoiyeneba saWmelad mxolod damwnilebuli, winaswar
gaTuTqvis an dalbobis Semdeg.

211
arya U
Lactarius piperatus (scop.: Fr.) S.F.Gray.
Uheplm gthtxysq

qudi – 20 sm-mde diametrisaa, jer amoburculi,

Semdeg – Zabriseburad CaRrmavebuli, zedapiri sadaa,
kideebTan wvrilbususiania; jer TeTria, Semdeg ki zedapirze
axasiaTebs moyviTalo-mura laqebi. firfitebi Zalian xSiri
(mWidrod ganwyobili), TeTri, moyviTalo an xorcisferi.
fexi – 3-7 sm sigrZisa da 2-3 sm sisqisaa, cilindrulia, zogjer
Zirisken dawvrilebuli, sada zedapiriT, TeTri.
rbilobi - TeTri, gadatexisas gamoyofs TeTr, rZismagvar
siTxes, romelic haerze odnav mwvandeba, Zalian cxare da mwa-
rea. sporebis mtveri TeTria.
sporebi – TiTqmis sferosebri, wvrilxorkliani zedapiriT,
uferuli, 7-8X6-7 mkm. sporebis mtveri moTeTroa.
izrdeba niadagze, rogorc wiwvovan, ise foTlovan
(gansakuTrebiT wiflnar) tyeSi zafxul-SemodgomiT.
gamoiyeneba saWmelad winaswar gaTuTqvis an dalbobis Semdeg,
mxolod dasamwnileblad.

212
kremisfer-moyviTaAlo arya
Lactarius resimus (Fr.) Fr.
Uheplm yfcnjzobq

qudi _ 5-15 sm diametrisaa, amoburculia, Semdeg Zabrisebri,

lorwovani, Ria feris zolebiT, kideebi Sebusvil-boWkovani.
TeTria an kremisfer-moyviTalo, firfitebi – ganieri,
meCxeri, TeTri, moyviTalo kideebiT.
fexi _ 5 sm sigrZisa da 2,5 sm sisqisaa, CaRrmavebuli,
moyviTalo laqebiT, TeTria.
rbilobi _ TeTri, mkvrivia. rZismagvari siTxe Zalian cxare,
TeTria, haerze yviTldeba.
sporebi _ 7-9X 5,5-7 mkm, xorkliani, moyviTalo.
izrdeba wiwvovan da arynar tyeebSi zafxul-SemodgomiT.
pirobiTad saWmeli sokoa, ixmareba damwnilebuli, winaswar
dalbobis Semdeg. Zalian popularulia ruseTSi.

213
yviTeli paWiWa U
Lactarius scrobiculatus (Fr.) Fr.
Uheplm ;tknsq

qudi – 20 sm-mde diametrisaa, jer mrgvlad amozneqili, Semdeg

– ZabriviT CaRrmavebuli, zedapiri qeCovan-bewvebiania, lor-
wovani, yviTeli, ufro Ria feris koncentruli zolebiT. fir-
fitebi moyviTaloa.
fexi – 4-6 sm sigrZisa da 3-4 sm sisqisaa, ZirSi odnav bususia-
nia, lorwovani zedapiriT da CaRmavebuli adgilebiT,
yviTelia.
rbilobi – TeTria, xelis daWerisas yviTldeba, gamoyofs
TeTr, rZismagvar siTxes, romelic haerze yviTldeba, Zalian
mware da cxarea.
sporebi – farTo elifsisebria, 8-9X7mkm. sporebis mtveri
TeTria.
izrdeba niadagze, wiwvovan da Sereul tyeSi zafxul-
SemodgomiT.
gamoiyeneba saWmelad damwnilebuli, winaswar dalbobis
Semdeg.

214
nabadaD
Lactarius torminosus (Schaff.: Fr.) S.F. Gray.
Djkyeirf hjpjdfz

qudi - 15 sm-mde diametrisaa, jer amoburculi, Semdeg – SuaSi

CaWyletili, zedapiri qeCisebria, Sekecili kideebiT,
mowiTalo-vardisferia, ufro muqi koncentruli rgolebiT,
xelis Sexebisas momwvano-yavisferi xdeba. firfitebi jer
TeTria, Semdeg – vardisferi.
fexi – 4-6 sm sigrZisa da 1-2 sm sisqisaa, cilindrulia, qudis
feria an ufro Ria ferisa.
rbilobi – TeTria, qudis kideebisken vardisferi, fexSi ki
ufro muqi. gadatexisas gamoyofs TeTr Zalian mZafr, mSuSxav
da mware, rZis magvar siTxes. sporebis mtveri TeTria.
sporebi – elifsisebria xorkliani 7,5-10X6-8mkm.
izrdeba niadagze arynarebSi, iSviaTad – sxva foTlovan
tyeSi, zafxul-SemodgomiT.
pirobiTad saWmeli sokoa, ixmareba damwnilebuli, winaswar
gaTuTqvis Semdeg.

215
savarcxela
Lactarius vellereus (Fr.) Fr.
Crhbgbwf

qudi – 25 sm-mde diametrisaa, jer brtylad amozneqili,

Semdeg – Zabrisebr CaWyletili, zedapiri dafarulia wvrili
bususebiT, axasiaTebs Jangisferi laqebi, TeTria. firfitebi
jer TeTria, Semdeg – moyviTalo.
fexi – 2-10 sm sigrZisa da 2-5 sm sisqisaa, wvrilbususiania,
TeTri.
rbilobi – TeTria, gamoyofs TeTr, rZismagvar siTxes, rome-
lic cxare da mSuSxavia.
sporebi – TiTqmis sferosebria, wvrilxorkliani zedapiriT,
uferuli, 9-12X7,5-10 mkm. sporebis mtveri WuWyisferi
TeTria.
izrdeba niadagze, wiwvovan da foTlovan tyeSi zafxul-
SemodgomiT.
gamoiyeneba saWmelad mxolod damwnilebuli, winaswar
gaTuTqvis an dalbobis Semdeg ixmareba.
savarcxela Zalian hgavs cxeniskbilas, romelsac rZismagvari
siTxe ar gaaCnia.

216
WeWketa
Lactarius volemus (Fr.) Fr.
Vjkjxfq

qudi – 20 sm-mde diametrisaa, jer amozneqili,

Semdeg – Zabriseburad CaRrmavebuli, zedapiri dafarulia
nazi boWkoebiT, sadaa, narinjisfer-yavisferia. firfitebi
TeTria an moyviTalo, xelis daWerisas mura xdeba.
fexi – 6-10 sm sigrZisa da 1,5-2,5 sm sisqisaa, cilindrulia,
qudis feri, qudisken ufro Ria ferisaa.
rbilobi – TeTria, haerze muqdeba.
sporebi – TiTqmis sferosebria, meCxerxorkliani zedapiriT,
uferuli. 8-12X7-11 mkm. sporebis mtveri TeTria.
izrdeba niadagze, foTlovan (gansakuTrebiT wiflnar),
Sereul da, iSviaTad, wiwvovan tyeSi zafxul-SemodgomiT.
gamoiyeneba axali, damwnilebuli da damuJuJebuli. zogan mas
mWadas (Wadilos) eZaxian.

217
qveynis guli D
Phallus impudicus L. Pers.
Dtctkrf j,sryjdtyyfz

nayofsxeuli norCobaSi kvercxisebria, 5-6 sm diametrisa,

dafarulia ori garsiT _ gareTa garsi TeTria, SigniTa ki
momwvanoa da lorwovani. sokos momwifebisas garsebi skdeba
da iqidan amoizrdeba 20 sm-mde simaRlisa da 2-4 sm sisqis
TeTri an moyviTalo cilindruli fexi, romelic faSari age-
bulebisaa da wverSi qudiseburad aris gaganierebuli; qudise-
buri warmonaqmni ujredovani agebulebisaa, dafarulia muqi
mwvane lorwoTi da axasiaTebs mZoris Zlieri suni. fexi ZirDSi
Camjdaria Tavisufal an naxevrad Tavisufal parkisebr
warmonaqmnSi _ volvaSi.
sporebi – wagrZelebul-elifsiseburi. TiTqmis ufero (Ria
moyviTalo). 3,5-5X1,5-2 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze foTlovan, gansakuTrebiT wiflnar da
Sereul tyeSi zafxul-SemodgomiT.
kvercxisebr stadiaSi soko saWmelad gamoiyeneba. Sewvis win
tyaviseburi garsi unda SemovacaloT. am sokos lorwovan gars
(,,miwis zeTi’’) xalxur medicinaSi nikrisis qarisa da
revmatizmebis samkurnalod iyeneben, xolo qveynis gulis
,,kvercxis stadiis’’ spirtiani nayeni saWmlis momnelebeli
sistemis daavadebaTa winaaRmdeg ixmareba. mesxeT-javaxeTsa da
kaxeTSi mas ,,sadmamglijes’’ uwodeben, dasavleT saqarTvelos
zogierT adgilas ki ,,mucelgvremias’’ saxeliT icnoben.
P.S. qveynis gulma uCveulo garegnobiTa da zrdasruli so-
kos cudi sunis gamo, odiTganve miiqcia adamianis yuradReba.
Zveli romaelebi mas nayofierebis qalRmerTs cereras uZ-
Rvnidnen. Sua saukuneebSi misgan amzadebdnen e.w. sasiyvarulo
sasmelebs. saxelwodeba ,,Phallos’’ (falosi) aRniSnavs mamakacis
sasqeso organos, rogorc bunebis mwarmoebluri Zalis simbo-
los gamosaxulebas. mas Tayvans scemdnen Zveli xalxebi (,,fa-
losis kulti‘’).

218
219
ZaRlis soko
Mutinus caninus Fr.
Vbnbyec cj,fxbq

nayofsxeuli – dasawyisSi kvercxisebria, 2-3 sm diametrisa,

sokos momwifebisas sxeuli skdeba 2-3 nakvTad, saidanac
amoizrdeba vardisferi an mowiTalo-narinjisferi 6-12 sm
simaRlisa da 0,4-1 sm sisqis cilindruli sxeuli, romelic
boloSi wawvetebulia. wveri Ria-mowiTaloa, qudis gareSe, da-
faruli momwvano lorwoTi, romelsac arasasiamovno suni
aqvs. cilindruli sxeulis ZirSi axasiaTebs gamskdari garsis
narCenebi.
sporebi – TeTria.
rbilobi – TeTri ferisaa.
izrdeba niadagze gamxmar foTlebs Soris, FfoTlovan tyeSi
zafxul-SemodgomiT.
saWmelad uvargisia. erT-erTi iSviaTi saxeobaa.

220
sokoyvavila
Anthurus javanicus (Pers.) G. Cunn.
Wdtnj[djcnybr zdfycrbq

nayofsxeuli – dasawyisSi sferosebri an kvercxisebria,

TeTria, 1,5 sm diametrisa, Semdeg garsi skdeba nakvTebad ; fexs
ZirSi aqvs mimagrebuli.
fexi – moklea, ujredovani, fexidan zemoT gamodis 2-3 sm
sigrZis 3-8 nakvTi, romlebic wverSi SeerTebulia, ris gamoc
nayofsxeuls TiTistaris forma aqvs. nakvTebi dasawyisSi
TeTria, Semdeg – movardisfero-wiTeli, nakvTebis SigniT
momwvano lorwoa ganviTarebuli.
izrdeba niadagze subtropikul tyeSi, magaliTad, baTumis
midamoebSi da sxv.
saWmelad uvargisia. iSviaTi sokoa.

221
wiTelbada H
Clathrus ruber: Pers.
Htitnjxybr rhfcysq

nayofsxeuli – dasawyisSi kvercxisebria an sferosebri, 5-10

sm simaRlisa da 5 sm siganisa; Semdeg misgan viTardeba gumba-
Tis formis badisebri agebulebis wiTeli, iSviaTad, yviTeli
sxeuli. badis yulfebi elifsisebria, mrgvali an kuTxovani.
badis SigniT ganviTarebulia momwvano lorwovani masa,
romelsac mZoris Zlieri suni axasiaTebs.
sporebi – moyviTalo, sporebis fxvnili momwvanoa.
izrdeba niadagze foTlovan subtropikul tyeSi,
oranJereebSi; orjer napovni iqna Tbilisis botanikur baRSi
zafxul-SemodgomiT.
es iSviaTi da ulamazesi soko saWmelad uvargisia, bunebis
moyvarulTa valia maTi sayovelTao dacva.

222
miwisvarskvlava P
Astraeus hygrometricus (Pers.) Morg.
Pdtplxfnrf ubuhjvtnhbxtcrfz

nayofsxeuli – jer burTisebria, 3-6 sm diametrisa, dafaru-

lia ori garsiT; gareTa garsi magaria, sqeli, xorciani, momwi-
febisas iglijeba wveridan fuZemde 7-20 wvetian, samkuTxed
nawilad, TiToeuli nawili garedan TeTria an monacisfro-
mura, Signidan moyavisfro-mura. mSral amindSi exveva SigniTa
garss, xolo nestian amindSi garTxmulia miwaze varskvlavi-
seburad. SigniTa garsi burTisebria, mjdomare, 2-3 sm diame-
trisa, nacrisferia an mura, gluvia an mkrTalzolebiani ze-
dapiriT, ixsneba zeda nawilSi, varskvlaviseburi an araswori
nasvreti uCndeba, saidanac gadmoifrqveva sporebi.
sporebi – mura ferisaa.
izrdeba – niadagze tyeSi, tyis pirebSi, zafxul-SemodgomiT.
saWmelad uvargisia.
SeniSvna: miwis varskvlava Zalian waagavs gvar geasteris
(Geastrum) warmomadgenlebs, romelTaganac gansxvavdeba
mjdomare Sida garsiT, wverze araswori nasvretiT da sxva.

223
zamTris tulastoma N
Tulastoma brumale Pers.
Nekfcnjvf pbvyfz

qudi – burTisebri formisaa, diametriT 4-10 sm-mde, masze

gadakruli apkiseburi garsi, moTeTro-Jangmiwisferia,
wverze ganviTarebuli aqvs gamonazardi, romelsac patara
naxvreti axasiaTebs.
fexi – 3-6 sm sigrZisaa, cilindrulia, qerclovan-boWkovani
zedapiriT, ZirSi bolqvisebria, moyviTalo an mura-yavisferi.
nayofsxeuli – momwifebisas gaxevebulia, Tavis formas mo-
maval gazafxulamde inarCunebs.
sporebi – sferosebria, Jangmiwisferi, 4-4,5 mkm diametrisa.
izrdeba qviSnar niadagze mSral adgilebSi (tyeSi, velze da
sxv.) gazafxulidan gvian Semodgomamde.
saWmelad uvargisia.

224
qveynisgulisebri batarea
Batarrea phaloides Pers.
<fnfhtz dtctkrjdblyfz

nayofsxeuli – dasawyisSi kvercxisebria, dafarulia

erTmaneTTan gadaxlarTuli TeTri miceliumiT – gareTa
garsiT. momwifebisas kvercxisebri warmonaqmnidan amiozr-
deba qudi da fexi, garegnulad qudian sokos
hgavs.
qudi – naxevarsferosebria 3-10 sm diame-
trisa, TeTri.
fexi – cilindrulia, zemoT da qvemoT ram-
denadme dawvrilebulia. gaxevebulia da
zedapiri dafarulia mWidro wyobis
moyviTalo an yavisferi wvrili da
grZeli qerclebiT, yavisferia.
sporebi – yavisferia, sferoseb-
ri, wvrilmeWeWiani zedapiriT, 4-6 mkm
diametrisa.
izrdeba Tixian da qviSian niadag-
ze velebSi, naxevarudabnoSi zaf-
xul-SemodgomiT, magram sxva adgi-
lebSi misi Sexvedra gamoric-
xuli ar aris (erTxel napovnia
borjomis platoze).
saWmelad uvargisia.

225
Citisbuda
Cyathus striatus (Huds.) Wild.
<jrfkmxbr gjkjcfnsq

nayofsxeuli – jer kvercxisebria, Semdeg – kubisebri 1-1,6 sm

simaRlisa da 0,8-1 sm diametrisa, garedan Jangisfer-yavisfe-
ria an muqyavisferi, QqeCiseburi zedapiriT, Signidan tyviis-
fer-nacrisferia, sigrZivi zolebiT. `budis~ kideebi dakbi-
lulia, dasawyisSi xvreli dafarulia TeTri Txeli apkiT,
romelic Semdeg qreba. peridoilebi (,,kvercxebi’’) jer sfe-
rosebria, Semdeg – kuTxovani, STabeWdileba rCeba miniatu-
ruli kvercxebiani Citis budisa.
sporebi – wagrZelebuli da elifsisebria, sada zedapiriT,
18-22X8-12 mkm.
izrdeba tyesa da baRebSi dampal xeebsa da niadagze zafxul-
SemodgomiT.
saWmelad uvargisia.

226
cru gudafSuka K
Scleroderma aurantium Pers.
Kj;yjlj;ltdbr j,sryjdtyysq

nayofsxeuli – 3-19 m diametrisaa, miwisqveSaa an

naxevradmiwisqveSa, tuberisebria, momrgvalebuli, ZirSi
daviwroebulia mokle fexis saxiT, romelzedac mimagrebulia
fesvisebri, TeTri miceliumis Zafebi. nayofsxeulis garsi
sqelia, mkvrivi, tyavisebri an qeCisebri, zogjer qerclovani
an meWeWebiani, erTSriania, nayofsxeulis SigTavsi jer
TeTria, Semdeg – moSavo, moSavo-moiisfro an mura-momwvano;
Sig CarTuli aqvs mkvrivi, TeTri Zafebi, sokos momwifebisas
SigTavsi mtvrisebri xdeba, romelic sporebs warmoadgens. so-
ko WuWyisfer-moyviTaloa an mura.
sporebi – sferosebria, badisebr-meWeWiani zedapiriT, muqi
yavisferia, 8-12 mkm diametrisa.
izrdeba tyeSi, tyispirebSi, baRebsa da parkebSi zafxul-
SemodgomiT.
Sxamiania, iwvevs saWmlis momnelebeli sistemis moSlas.

227
Savi fSukuna G
Bovis ta nigrescens Pers.
Gjh[jdrf xthyt.ofz

nayofsxeuli – burTisebria, 2-8 sm diametrisa, zeda mxrisken

odnav Seviwroebulia; jer moTeTroa, Semdeg – moSavo-mura.
gareTa garsi TeTria, apkisebri, male qreba, SigniTa garsi
Txelia, magari, priala, gluvi, jer moyviTaloa, Semdeg –
moSavo-mura. SigTavsi jer TeTria, Semdeg – Jangisferi an
momwvano da bolos – mura-mowiTalo.
sporebi – muqwiTel-muraa, sferosebri an kvercxisebri, ufe-
ruli danamatiT, 5-6 mkm diametrisa.
izrdeba tyispirebSi, mindvrebsa da mdeloze zafxul-
SemodgomiT.
gamoiyeneba saWmelad norCobaSi, rbilobis gamuqebamde.

228
tyviisferi fSukuna
Bovista plumbea Pers.
Gjh[jdrf cdbywjdj-cthfz

nayofsxeuli – burTisebria, 1,5-3,5, sm diametrisa, gareTa

garsi TeTria, gluvi, male qreba; SigniTa garsi agreTve glu-
via, apkisebri, tyviisfer-nacrisferi, romelsac wverSi
axasiaTebs patara bzarisebri naxvreti. SigTavsi jer TeTria,
Semdeg – Jangisferi, momwvano da, bolos, muqi isfer-yavisfe-
ri.
sporebi – muraa, sferosebri an elifsisebri, grZeli, ufe-
ruli danamatiT, 4-6 mkm diametrisa.
izrdeba imave adgilebSi da sezonSi, rogorc Savi fSukuna.
saWmelad mxolod norCobaSi ixmareba, sanam rbilobi ga-
umuqdeba.

229
TeTri Tavaka U
Calvatia candida (Rostk.) Holl.
Ujkjdfx ,tksq

nayofsxeuli – sferosebria, 2-5 sm diametrisa, TeTria,

fesviseburi wanazardiT, zogjer Tavze axasiaTebs badisebri
gamosaxuleba. gareTa garsi sadaa, jer TeTria, Semdeg – muqi
mura, romelic Semdeg qreba. SigniTa garsi Txelia, apkisebri,
uswormasworo naxvretiT.
sporebi – momwvano-yavisferia, sferosebri, wvrilmeWeWiani
zedapiriT, 4,8-5 mkm diametrisa, mokle danamatiT.
izrdeba niadagze, mindvrebSi, mdeloebze, baRebSi, tyis
pirebSi da, saerTod Ria adgilebze, zafxul-SemodgomiT.
saWmelad mxolod norCi gamoiyeneba, sanam rbilobi gaugau-
muqdeba.

230
buStisebri Tavaka
Calvatia utriformis (Pers.) Jaap.
Ujkjdfx gepshtdblysq

nayofsxeuli – umTavresad ukuRma msxlisebria, 15-18 sm dia-

metrisa da 10-15 sm simaRlisa, ZirSi dawvrilebulia; jer
TeTria, Semdeg ki – nacrisfer-mura, zedapiri marcvlovan-
qerclovania da badiseburad daxeTqili.
rbilobi – jer TeTria, Semdeg ki – momwvano-mura da, bolos,
muqi mura. SigniTa garss Tavze uCndeba ramdenime naxvreti, Se-
mdeg ki iSleba fxvnilis saxiT da rCeba fialis formis wa-
rmonaqmni.
sporebi – momwvanoa, sferosebri, sada an dawinwkluli
zedapiriT, zogjer axasiaTebs mokle danamati 4,8-5 mkm diame-
trisa.
izrdeba niadagze tyis piras, mindorSi da mdeloze gazafxu-
lidan Semodgomamde.
gamoiyeneba saWmelad mxolod norCobaSi, rbilobis gamuqeba-
mde.

231
qudiansokosebri fSukuna
Endoptychum agaricoides Czerm.
Ýyljgnb[ev ikzgjxysq

nayofsxeuli – kvercxisebria, 10 sm-mde simaRlisa da 8 sm-mde

diametrisa; jer TeTria, Semdeg mura xdeba. gareTa garsi jer
sadaa, Semdeg ki – qerclovani; SigniTa garsi norCobaSi Sezr-
dilia ZirSi mokle fexisebr gamonazardTan, momwifebisas ki
Ziridan Tavamde ixliCeba foCebad. nayofsxeulis SigTavsi
momwifebisas fxvnilisebr-mtvrisebria.
sporebi – moyviTalo-yavisferia, sferosebri an kvercxise-
bri, sada garsiT, mokle danamatiT, 5,8-9,6X6-6,6 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze, velebsa da naxevarudabnoSi (Siraqi,
eldar-samuxi), iSviaTad – saZovarze da tyis pirebSi,
SemodgomiT.
saWmelad uvargisia.

232
foCebiani miwisvarskvlava P
Geastrum fimbriatum Fr.
Pdtpljdbr ,f[hjvxfnsq

nayofsxeuli – norCobaSi mrgvalia, 6 sm-mde diametrisa.

gareTa garsi Txelia, apkisebri, romelic Semdeg nayofsxeuli
Suamde da zogjer metadac iglijeba 5-10 arasworwvetian
foCisebr nawilad; SigTavsi xorciania, garedan muraa, yavis-
feri an Jangisferi. SigniTa garsi sferosebria. diametri – 2
sm-mde, mjdomarea, moyviTalo an yavisferi.
sporebi – sferosebria, wvrilmeWeWebiani garsiT, muraa;
3,3-4,8 mkm diametrisa.
izrdeba niadagze wiwvian da foTlovan tyeSi zafxul-Semo-
dgomiT.
saWmelad uvargisia.

233
giganturi fSukuna
Langermannia gigantea (Pers.) Rostk
Ujkjdfx ubufyncrbq

nayofsxeuli – didi zomisaa, sferosebria an kvercxisebri 50

sm-mde da meti diametrisa; zogjer misi wona 15kg-s aRwevs. ze-
dapiri sadaa, TeTri, Semdeg mura xdeba da zeda nawilSi igli-
jeba.
rbilobi – norCobaSi TeTria, bambiseburi agebulebisa,
Semdeg momwvano-yavisferi xdeba, axasiaTebs iodis suni da
sasiamovno gemo.
sporebi – sferosebria, sada an mcire RarebiT, moyviTalo-
yavisferia, axasiaTebs mokle danamati, 3,8-5,3 mkm diametrisaa.
izrdeba niadagze mTis tyeTa da subalpur mdeloze zafxul-
SemodgomiT.
gamoiyeneba saWmelad mxolod norCobaSi, rodesac rbilobi
TeTria, ixmareba axali moxrakuli.
giganturi fSukuna Seicavs antibiotikur nivTierebas – kal-
vacins. xalxur medicinaSi xmaroben Tirkmlebis zogierTi
daavadebisa da kibos winaaRmdeg.

234
jagara gudafSuka L
Lycoperdon echinatum Pers.
Lj;ltdbr t;tdblyj-rjk.xbq

nayofsxeuli – 4 sm-mde diametrisaa, ukuRma msxliseburia

zogjer TiTqmis sferosebri, Zirisken dawvrilebulia fexis
saxiT. nayofsxeulis zedapiri (gareTa garsi) dafarulia 2-4
mm sigrZiv wawvetili da wverSi moxrili yavisferi jagrisebri
warmonaqmnebiT, romelTa Camocvenisas SigniTa garsze rCeba
badisebri gamosaxulebis kvali.
rbilobi – jer TeTria, Semdeg ki – yavisferi.
sporebi – sferosebria, xorkliani zedapiriT, muqyavisfer
muraa, 5-6 mkm diametrisa.
izrdeba – niadagze nestian foTlovan tyeebSi,
gansakuTrebiT – wiflnarSi, agreTve naZvnarebsa da naZvnar-
fiWvian tyeSi zafxul-SemodgomiT.
saWmelad uvargisia.

235
xorklebiani gudafSuka
Lycoperdon perlatum
Lj;ltdbr yfcnjzobq ;tvxe;ysq

nayofsxeuli ukuRma msxlisebria da Zirisken dawvrilebuli

fexis saxiT, 8 sm-mde simaRlisaa da 5 sm-mde diametrisa, zeda-
piri dafarulia piramidis formis xorklebiT (gaisinjos
lupiT), romelTa Camocvenisas SigniTa garsis zedapirze
rCeba badisebri gamosaxulebis kvali. nayofsxeuli jer
TeTria, Semdeg ki mura feris xdeba.
rbilobi jer TeTria, nazi, rbili, sasiamovno gemoTi da
bolokis suniT, momwifebisas ki momwvano-yavisferi xdeba.
sporebi sferosebria, nazxorkliani zedapiriT, TiTqmis
sadaa, mura-momwvanoa, 3-4 mkm diametrisa.
izrdeba niadagze tyeSi, mindorSi da mdeloze, zafxul-
SemodgomiT.
gamoiyeneba saWmelad norCobaSi axali.

236
msxlisebri gudafSuka L
Lycoperdon pyriforme: Pers
Lj;ltdbr uheitdblysq

nayofsxeuli – ukuRma msxlisebria an kvercxisebri, Zirisken

dawvrilebulia fexis saxiT, 2-5 sm simaRlisa da 1,5-3 sm sisqi-
sa, zedapiri (gareTa garsi) dafarulia fifqebiT an wvrilbu-
susiania, jer TeTria, Semdeg ki – yavisferi. fexis Zirze
damaxasiaTebelia fesvisebri qimebi.
rbilobi – dasawyisSi TeTria, Semdeg – momwvano-yavisferi.
sporebi – sferosebria, sada, mura-momwvano elferiT, 3-4 mkm
diametrisa.
izrdeba dampal xeebze da maT axlos, zogjer did jgufebad,
zafxul-SemodgomiT.
gamoiyeneba saWmelad mxolod norCobaSi, axali.

237
qviSnaris montanea
Montagnea arenaria (D.C.) Zeller.
Vjynfytz gtcxfyfz

nayofsxeuli – dasawyisSi naxevrad miwaSia Cafluli, sfero-

sebria 3 sm-mde diametrisa; momwifebisas gareTa garsi skdeba
da iqidan amoizrdeba fexi da qudi, fexis ZirSi ki rCeba saye-
losebri CaliTa.
qudi – 6 sm-mde diametrisaa, jer naxevarsferosebria, Semdeg
ki – brtyeli, zemoT agrexili kideebiT, centrSi axasiaTebs
odnav CaRunuli disko, zedapiri dafarulia didi qerclebiT,
moyviTaloa an Jangisferi. qudis qveda mxares ganviTarebulia
Savi, 6-10 mm-s sibrtyis firfi-
tebi.
fexi – 6-20 sm sigrZisa da 0,2-1,5
sm sisqisaa, jer TeTria, Semdeg
moyviTalo, dasawyisSi rbilia,
xorciani, Semdeg ki xevdeba;
zedapiri jer sadaa, Semdeg ki
daRaruli da dafarulia
wvrili qerclebiT.
sporebi – kvercxisebria,
TiTqmis Savi, 10-16X7-11 mkm.
izrdeba niadagze velebsa da
naxevarudabnoSi (Siraqi,
eldar-samuxi), gazafxulze da
SemodgomiT.
saWmelad uvargisia.

238
 redaqtorisagan:
sokoTa samefos egzotikuri warmomadgenlebi.

msoflios ZviradRirebuli sokoebi

Savi triufeli N
Tuber melanosporum
Nh.atkm xthysq

bunebaSi triufelis 50-ze meti saxeoba arsebobs. maTgan sawa-

rmoo mniSvnelobisa mxolod oria – Savi da TeTri triufeli
(T. magnatum). Savi triufeli Zvirfasi delikatesia. igi metad
aromatulia da aqvs saukeTeso gemo, ris gamoc yvelaze
saxelganTqmuli sokoa msoflioSi. popularul litera-
turaSi xSirad ,,Sav briliants’’ uwodeben.
nayofsxeuli – bolqvisebria, 2-9 sm, zedapiri dafarulia
wvrili 4-6 waxnagiani piramidisebri meWeWebiT, Tavidan
mowiTalo-yavisferi, Semdgom Savi ferisaa. kani Txeli aqvs.
rbilobi – mkvrivia, norCobaSi moyavisfro-mowiTaloa,

239
Semdeg Savi. axasiaTebs Zlieri pikanturi suni da sasiamovno
momwaro gemo, gadanaWerze mkafiod Cans moTeTro an moyavis-
fro-Jangisferi daklaknili ZarRvebi an ganStoebani.
sporebi – moSavo.
izrdeba foTlovan tyeSi, miwis qveS 8-10 sm-ze, zogjer naxe-
var metrzedac. qmnis mikorizas muxasTan, wifelTan,
rcxilasTan da TxilnarebTan. misi warmatebuli zrdisaTvis
saWiroa sakmaod Tbili klimati, kirian-RorRiani niadagi.
aseTi pirobebia samxreT safrangeTsa da Crdilo italiaSi,
Zalian iSviaTad Sav triufels pouloben germaniis samxreT
raionebSic. sokos migneba Zalian Znelia, mis adgilmdebareo-
bas odnav SesamCnevi gadamxmari borcvebis mixedviT Tu
gamovicnobT.
saukeTeso saWmeli sokoa, axasiaTebs mZafri sasiamovno suni,
rac izidavs gareul Rorebs, romlebic Txrian mas da amiT
xels uwyoben sokos gamravlebas.
triufelis Sesagroveblad gawvrTnil ZaRlebsa da Rorebs
iyeneben. arsebobs gasuli saukunis dasawyisSi gamosuli
literatura triufelis Segrovebaze Sinauri cxovelebis
saSualebiT, – sadac gvxvdeba Semdegi rekomendaciebi: ,,triu-
felebis mosaZebnad gamoiyeneba rogorc nezvi, ise taxi
Rorebi, magram nezvi ukeTesia, radgan maT aqvT yovelwliuri
nayofiereba da triufelebze nadirobis alRo gadaecema maT
STamomavlobas’’.
triufelebis Sesagroveblad gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva jiSis ga-
wvrTnili, upiratesad tandabali ZaRlebi, monadire ZaRlebis
garda, radgan isini tyeSi SeiZleba frinvelebs gaedevnon.
amJamad triufelebs e.w. ,,triufelis buzebis’’ saSualebiTac
pouloben. buzebi TavianT kvercxebs triufelis sokosTan
axlos deben, radgan maTi matlebi am sokos nayofiT ikvebebian.
Tu SeamCneven odnav amoburculi niadagis irgvliv wvrili
buzebis oromtrials, es ukve niSnavs triufelis adgilsamyo-
flis povnas. am adgilze frTxilad amoTxrian niadags da
amoiReben Zvirfas sokos.
Savi triufeli mohyavT xelovnuradac, misi mTavari mwarmoe-
beli qveyana safrangeTia, sadac yovelwliurad 100-200 t Savi
triufeli mohyavdaT; garkveul wlebSi misi mosavlianoba 800
tonamdec ki asula. sainteresoa aRiniSnos, rom, Tu 1892 wels
mopovebuli iqna 2000 t (tyeebSi – bunebrivad, xolo

240
plantaciebSi – naxevrad xelovnurad), 1970 wels ki – 20-jer
naklebi, sul 100 t.
Savi triufelis xelovnurad mosayvanad faqtiurad saWiroa
axali muxis plantaciis gaSeneba, amasTanave, niadagSi amateben
im raionebis tyis miwas, sadac triufeli bunebrivad modis da,
Sesabamisad, am sokos miceliumsac Seicavs.
gulmodgine da mravalwliani movlis Sedegad, miceliumis ga-
dargvidan 6-7 wlis Semdeg miviRebT pirvel mosavals. nayo-
fianoba 25-30 wels grZeldeba.
amJamad safrangeTSi aris firma, romelic awarmoebs mikori-
zul naTesrebs, romlebiTac amarageben specmeurneobebs. ami-
tom safrangeTsa da sxva qveynebSic, sadac awarmoeben triu-
fels, bunebrivi miceliumis Semcveli miwis gadatanis
saWiroeba aRar arsebobs.
Savi triufelis nayofsxeulebi niadagSi budeebad arian gan-
lagebulni 3-7 cali erTad. simwifeSi budeebTan patara borc-
vebi Cndeba da, amasTanave, maTze balaxi xmeba, rac imis niSania,
rom mosavlis aRebis droa.
franguli samzareulos es Zvirfasi delikatesi frangi
fermerebisTvis ara mxolod Semosavlis wyarod, aramed did
Tavsatexadac qceula. fermerebi yovelwliurad daaxloebiT
30 000kg triufels iReben, Tu gaviTvaliwinebT, rom 1kg-is
fasi 700 evrodan iwyeba, es arc ise mcire Tanxaa maTTvis.
mTavari problema sokos moZebna ki ara, misi dacvaa. “sokoze
monadireni” fermebs Rame Seesevian xolme da xSirad asobiT kg.
sokos iparaven. isini aRWurvilni arian Ramis xedvis
mowyobilobebiT, dadian jipebiT, dahyavT kargad gawvrTnili
ZaRlebi, amitom bevri fermeri daqiravebul darajs erT
RameSi 80 evromde xelfass uxdis banditTa winaaRmdeg
sabrZolvelad. deteqtivebi sokos gadasazid konteinerebSi
specialur Cipebs amontaJeben. (aseTi Cipis meSveobiT
SesaZlebeli gaxda kargad organizebuli bandituri jgufis
dakaveba, romelTa wliuri Semosavali ramdenime milion
dolars aRemateboda).
bolo monacemebiT, safrangeTSi triufelis moyvana araren-
tabeluri xdeba da amitom mimdinareobs Zieba am sokos mosav-
lianobis gasazrdelad da TviTRirebulebis Sesamcireblad,
magram, miuxedavad amisa, Savi triufelis mosavlianoba mainc
klebulobs, ris gamoc maTma fasma rekordul dones miaRwia

241
 da erT kilogramze 700 evros gadaaWarba.
amonaweri internetidan – 2001 w., natalia cvetova:
,,yvelaze Zvirad Rirebul delikatesTa siaSi moxda rotacia,
– italiis CrdiloeTSi dafiqsirda rekordulad maRali fasi
Sav triufelze. iq delikatesi gamxmari sokos 1 g 17 dolarad
iyideboda, rac msoflio bazarze oqros fasze 1,5 jer
maRalia’’.

TeTri triufeli
Tuber magnatum

aseve Zvirfasi sokoa, romelic aseve miwis qveS izrdeba da

formiT borcvebian kartofils mogvagonebs. axasiaTebs
B
mZafri suni (nivris suniviT) da saukeTeso gemo, ris gamoc
xSirad gamoiyeneba rogorc sanelebeli (aromatizatori).
, , Tu b e r m a g n a t u m ” d a a x l o e b i T n i S n a v s , , s a p a t i o
batonebisaTvis gankuTvnils’’ da igi didad fasobda jer kidev
antikur xanaSi.

P.S. amonaweri gaz. ,,qronikidan’’ #48, 2004 w.: ,,axlaxan italiis qalaq
turinSi gaimarTa auqcioni. gasayidad gamotanili iyo erT-
kilogramiani soko – YTeTri triufeli. Sejibri niu-iorkis re-
stornebis mflobelis_PfranCesko jiamSelis gamarjvebiT da-
srulda, romelmac 41 aTasi dolari gadaixada. auqcionis organiza-
torTa gancxadebiT, es Tanxa sarekordoa da aWarbebs im Tanxas, rac
ki odesme adamians sokoSi gadauxdia.’’

242
Siitake
Lentinula edodes

Soreul aRmosavleTSi yvelaze gavrcelebuli sokoa Siitake,

romelic izrdeba muxaze, rcxilasa da wifelze da iwvevs merq-
nis intensiur lpobas. bunebriv pirobebSi gvxvdeba mxolod
iaponiaSi, CineTSi, samxreT koreaSi, malaiziasa da fili-
pinebze. mas saWmelad jer kidev 2000 wlis win iyenebdnen. kul-
tivirebadi sokoa, xelovnurad mohyavT iaponiaSi, CineTSi,
taivanze da didi raodenobiT awarmoeben eqsports (gamxmari
saxiT) _ safrangeTSi, inglisSi, germaniaSi, aSS-Si da sxva
qveynebSi. amJamad mohyavT evropaSic. mis xelovnurad mosay-
vanad saWiroa temperatura 12-20 c da maRali tenianoba.
0

mohyavT xis morebze, ZiriTadad Ria adgilebSi, agreTve

saTburebSi da sxva saTavsoebSi.
bolo xanebSi Siitakes yuradReba miaqcies medikosebma. maTi
daskvniT soko aZlierebs imunur sistemas da aregulirebs
wnevas, ebrZvis iseT mZime da gavrcelebul daavadebebsac,
rogoricaa kibo da aTerosklerozi, amave dros dabla swevs
sisxlSi qolesterins _ regularulad misi sakvebad gamoyene-
ba “ cud qolesterins” gardaqmnis “karg qolesterinad”,
rasac axerxebs nivTiereba lentizinis meSveobiT.

243
70-iani wlebis dasawyisidan mecnierebaSi seriozulad
ikvleven Siitakes kibossawinaaRmdego Tvisebebs. kvlevis
Sedegebma aCvena, rom igi aCerebs simsivnis ganviTarebas.
gamoyofs “lentinans”, risi saSualebiTac mobilizebas
ukeTebs iseT ujredebs, romlebic klavs simsivnes da
aZlierebs organizmis sxva damcvel Zalebs. iaponiaSi am
preparats iyeneben kuWis kibos samkurnalod.
im qveynebSi, sadac Siitake xarobs, xalxuri medicina am sokos
TiTqmis 1000 welze meti xania iyenebs hipertoniis, gacivebis,
gripisa da virusuli infeqciiT gamowveuli sasunTqi gzebis
kataris dros. igi ajansaRebs Tmas, didi raodenobiT Seicavs
biotins, rac amagrebs frCxilebs da janmrTel iers aZlevs
kans.
garda amisa, soko organizmSi warmoqmnis interferons,
romelic Cveni imunuri sistemis mniSvnelovani mediatoria.
Tavisi anTebsawinaaRmdego Tvisebebis gamo Siitake Zalian
efeqturia nikrisis qaris drosac. igi, rogorc aspirini,
ayuCebs tkivils, aqrobs saxsrebis anTebiT process da awes-
rigebs kuWis moqmedebas.

244
 sokoebis qarTul saxelwodebaTa saZiebeli

a verxvisZira _ 73
abreSumisebri viris jimla _ 90U
volvariela _ 146
adreula agrocibe _ 170 z
alublisZira _ 124G zamTris soko _ 114P
aprilis soko _ 125 zamTris tulostoma _ 224 N
aromatuli xraSuna _ 206 zafxulis manWkvala _ 176
arya _ 212U zolebiani triqoloma _ 103H
aryisZira _ 76
arSiiani ablabudiani T
soko _ 185G TavWedila _ 136
TeTra _ 153 L
b TeTri Tavaka _ 230 U
baRis soko _ 126 TeTri klitocibe _ 92 U
bebera soko _ 74 TeTri crumanWkvala _ 169
bilwa soko _ 129 TeTri weroswviva _ 149
buStisebri Tavaka _ 231 TiTistara kolibia _ 109
bRavana _ 198
i
g iisfera _ 121
gazafxulis manWkvala _ 108 irema soko _ 49
ganierfirfitiani irmisbawara _ 50
udemansiela _ 112L irmis pluteusi _ 147
gardamrida _ 42 irmistuCa _ 48
gvelis soko _ 166 iudas yuri _ 42
giganturi
leukopaqsiluesi _ 105U k
giganturi fSukuna _ 234 kalmaxa _ 83
girCa soko _ 60 kacisyura _ 42
girCisebri amanita _ 143 kvercxisebri bilwasoko _ 142
grZelfexa udemansiela _ 110L konusuri xarisfaSva _ 39
gula soko _ 51U kremisebr-moyviTalo arya _ 213
kulturuli qama
d (orsporiani qama) _ 159
daTvis soko (Zirbuka) _ 67
daTunia _ 204 l
lamazi volvariela _ 146D
e lamazfexa ablabudiani
eklebiani lepiota _ 152 soko _ 187G
ena soko _ 55 lorwovani manWkvala _ 111L
varskvlavspora boWkovana _ 177D lurjana _ 193G

245
lurji micena _ 120 muxisZira _ 70
lurj-mwvane strofaria _ 171 myrali xraSuna _ 199 D
lurjfexa _ 122 mware ablabudiani soko _ 188
lurjfexa ablabudiani G
soko _ 189 G mware dumasoko _ 63
mwvane soko _ 127
m mwvane xavsis soko _ 66
maisis soko _ 99 mWada _ 208H
manWkvala _ 106
manWkvalas matyuara _ 172K n
manWkvalisebri ablabudiani nabadaD_ 215
soko _ 184G naoWa soko _ 38
martio _ 91K nacara _ 209
marcvlovani cistoderma _ 157 naZvnarebis lorwovana _ 80
marwyvio _ 140 niora soko _ 117
maCalo _ 82 niyvi _ 130
*mgzavrio _ 150
mglis soko _ 168 o
mdelos qama _ 161 orsayeloiani qama _ 160
melano _ 123 orsporiani qama _ 159
melnis soko _ 167 oqrosferi qerclovana _ 174
melnisZira _ 123
mercxala soko p
(gvelis soko) _ 166Y patuilardas boWkovana _ 180D
mewamuli bilwasoko _ 137
mindvris soko _ 95 J
mindvris qama _ 158 Janga xraSuna _ 203
miqlio (qaTambarkala)K_ 58
miwayara (wovana) _ 210 r
miwiseuli boWkovana _ 179D rbilobwiTela
miwisvarskvlava _ 223P weroswviva _ 151U
momwvano-wiTuri ruxi livliva _ 144
ablabudiani soko _ 191G ruxi triqoloma _ 101H
moSavo xraSuna _ 202 rcxilisZira _ 75
mowiTalo-mura
triqoloma _ 102 s
mravalsaxovani ablabudiani savarcxela _ 216
soko _ 190G savarcxela lepiota _ 155
msxlisebri gudafSuka _ 237L samforma ablabudiani
mtredio _ 195 soko _ 192 G
mura soko _ 194 sanelebela _ 115
mura jamasoko _ 35 GG sartyliani ablabudiani
muqkidiani pluteusi _ 148 soko _ 186

246
satanas soko _ 71 y
saWmeli triufeli _ 41 yvelis soko _ 84
saWmeli xarisfaSva _ 40 yviTeli abeda _ 47 N
silio (melnis soko) _ 167 yviTeli ablabuda soko _ 183G
sokoyvavila _ 221 yviTeli bilwasoko _ 135
surnelovani klitocibe _ 96 yviTeli paWiWa _ 214U
surnelovani higroforusi _ 87 yviTeli saCeCela _ 53
sqeli bilwasoko _ 141 yura soko
(kacisyura, gardamrida) _ 42B
t
tyviisferi fSukuna _ 229 S
tyis qama _ 163 Savi arya _ 211U
Savi triufeli _ N
u Savi fSukuna _ 228G
unagira soko _ 37K Savfexa Rorissoko _ 77
SavCoxa _ 100
f Sxama _ 138
farisebri lepiota _ 154 Sxamiani qama _ 165
fexfesva udenmansiela _ 113
fexwiboiani micena _ 119 C
filisqvisebri soko _ 56HHH Caga _ 43
foCebiani CaCisebri micena _ 118
miwisvarskvlava _ 233 P Cveulebrivi dumasoko _ 62
fqvilio _ 201 Citisbuda _ 226

q c
qaTambarkala _ 58 cadamayvana _ 133
qalaqis qama (orsayeloiani cvilisebri klitocibe _ 93
qama) _ 160 cru gudafSuka _ 227K
qamasebri _ 182 cru daTvissoko _ 68
qerclovana _ 175 cru manWkvala _ 173K
qerclovani firfitkbila _ 52 cru miqlio _ 79
qveynis guli _ 182D cru qama _ 128
qveynisgulisebri batarea _ 225 cru xraSuna _K181
qviSnaris montanea _ 238 cxeniskbila _ 197G
qudiansokosebri fSukuna _ 232 cxvario _ 164

R Z
RaJaJo _ 54 Zabra soko _ 59
Rvinio _ 196 Zabrisebri klitocibe _ 94
RviZla soko _ 46 G ZarRva soko _ 57
Roris soko _ 78 ZaRlis soko _ 220
Rrubela (melnisZira) _ 123 Zerana _ 44
Zirbuka _ 67

247
w Wreli firfitkbila _ 86G
wablisferi livliva _ 134G Wreli qama _ 162
wablisferi xavsissoko _ 64G Wreli xavsis soko _ 65
weroswviva (mgzavrio) _ 150U
wvenwiTela _ 207 x
wvetiani boWkovana _ 178 xaxvilo _ 205
wiTelbada _ 222H xeTamxali (kalmaxa, tyubela,
wiTeli lambaqa _ 34 wiflis soko, xis soko) _ 83D
wiTeli lorwovana _ 81 xis soko _ 83
wiTeli saCeCela _ 52 xorklebiani gudafSuka _ 236
wiTeli triqolomofsisi _ 97H xorklebiani dumasoko _ 61
wiTeli higrocibe _ 89 xoxbismkerda _ 98 H
wiTelkaba (wiTlio) _ 200 xraSunasebri
wiTelfexa muxisZira _ 69 higroforusi _ 88U
wiTelfirfita lepiota _ 120 xuWuWa unagirasoko _ 36
wiTuri kolibia _ 107
wovana _ 210 j
jagara gudafSuka _ 235L
W jgufura _ 104H
WeWketa _ 217 jimla (wkriala soko) _ 116

248
 sokoebis laTinur saxelwodebaTa saZiebeli

A Clathrus rubber - 222

Agaricus arvensis - 158 Clavariadelphus ligula - 55
– bisporus - 159 – pistillaris - 56
– bitorquis - 160 Clitocybe candicans - 92
– campestris - 161 – cerussata - 93
– placomyces - 162 – gibba - 94
silvaticus - 163 – nebularis - 95
tabularis - 164 – odora - 96
xanthodermus - 165 Clitopilus prunulus - 124
Agrocybe praecox - 170 Collybia butiracea - 107
Aleuria aurantia - 34 – dryophila - 108
Amanita caesarea - 130 fusipes - 109
– citrina - 129 Coprinus atramentarius - 167
fulva - 134 – comatus - 166
gemmata - 135 – miccaceus - 168
muscaria – 132 Cortinarius armenicus - 183
ovoidea - 142 – armilattus - 184
– pantherina - 136 – balteatus - 185
phalloides - 138 – bivelus - 186
porphyria - 137 – calochrous - 187
rubescens - 140 – causticus - 188
solitaria - 143 – cyanopus - 189
spissa - 141 – multiformis - 190
– vaginata - 144 – rufoolivaceus - 191
Anthurus javanicus - 221 – triformis - 192
Armillaziella mellea - 106 – violaceus - 193
Astraeus hygrometricus - 223 Craterellus cornicopioides - 59
Cyathus striatus - 226
B Cystoderma granulosum - 157
Battarrea phaloides - 225
Boletus calopus – 68 E
– edilis - 67 Endoptychum agaricoides - 232
– erythropus - 69
– luridus - 70 F
– satanas -71 Fistulina hepatica - 46
Bovista nigrescens - 228 Flammulina velutipes - 114
– plumbea - 229
G
C Geastrum fimbriatum - 233
Calvatia candida - 230 Gomphidius glutinosus - 80
– utriformis - 231 – rutilus - 81
Cantharellus cibarius - 58 Gomphus clavatus - 57

249
Gyromitra esculenta – 38 – griseum - 75
– scabrum - 76
H Lentinus lepideus -85
Hebeloma crustuliniforme - 181 tigrinus - 86
Helvella crispa - 36 Lepiota acutesquamosa – 152
– lacunose - 37 – alba -153
Hericium coralloides - 50 clypeolaria - 154
– erinaceum -51 cristata – 155
Hirneola auricula judae - 42 naucina – 156
Hydnum repandum - 48 Lepista nuda - 121
Hygrocybe coccinea - 89 – personata - 122
– conica - 90 – sordida - 123
Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca - 79 Leoucopaxillus giganteus - 105
Hygrophorus agathosmus -87 Lycoperdon echinatum - 235
– russula - 88 – perlatum - 236
Hypholoma fasciculare -172 – pyriforme - 237
– sublateritium - 173 Lyophyllum decastes - 104

I M
Inocybe asterospora.- 177 Macrolepiota excoriate - 149
– fastigiata - 178 – procera - 150
– geophylla - 179 – rhacodes - 151
– patouillardi - 180 Marasmius alliaceus - 115
Inonatus obliquus - 43 – oreades - 116
– scorodonius - 117
K Montagnea arenaria - 238
Kuehneromyces mutabilis - 176 Morchella conica - 39
– esculenta - 40
L Mutinus caninus - 220
Laccaria laccata - 91 Mycena gelericulata - 118
Lactarius acris - 207 – polygramma - 119
– deliciosus - 208 Mycena pura - 120
– flexsuosus - 109
– insulsus - 210 O
– necator - 211 Oudemansiella longipes - 110
piperatus – 212 – musida - 111
resimus - 213 – platyphylla - 112
– scrobiculatus - 214 – radicata - 113
– torminosus - 215 P
– vellereus - 216 Panus rudis - 84
– volemus - 217 Paxillus atrotomentosus - 77
Laetiporus sulphureus - 47 involutus - 78
Langermania gigantea - 234 Phallus impudicus - 218
Leccinum aurantiacum - 73 Pholiota aurivella - 174
– crocipodius - 74 – squarrosa - 175

250
Piptoporus betulinus - 45 S
Pleurotus cornucopiae - 82 Sarcodon impricatus - 49
– ostreatus - 83 Scleroderma aurantium - 227
– var. salignus - 83 Sparassis crispa - 54
Plicaria badia - 35 Strobilomyces floccopus - 60
Pluteus atricapillus - 147 Stropharia aeruginosa - 171
– atromarginatus Suillus granulatus - 61
Polyporus squamosus - 44 – luteus - 62
Psathyrella candolleana - 169 – piperatus - 63

R T
Ramaria botrytis - 52 Tricholoma aurantium - 98
– flava - 53 – gambosum - 99
Rhodophyllus aprilis- 125 – portentosum - 100
– clypeatus - 126 – terreum - 101
– incanus - 127 – ustall - 102
sinuatus - 128 – virgatum - 103
Rozites caperata - 182 Tricholomopsis rutilans - 97
Russula adusta - 194 Tuber aestivum - 41
– aeruginea - 195 Tulostoma brumale - 224
– cyanoxantha - 196 Tylopilus felleus - 72
– delica - 197
– emetica - 198 V
– foetens - 199 Volvariella bombicina - 145
– lepida - 200 – speciosa - 146
– lutea - 201
– nigricans - 202 X
– ochroleuca - 203 Xerocomus badius - 64
– vesca - 204 – chrysenteron - 65
– virescens - 205 subtomentosus - 66
– xerampelina - 206

251
 sokoebis rusul saxelwodebaTa saZiebeli

< – cfljdsq - 126

<fnfhtz dtctkrjdblyfz - 225
– cfnfybycrbq - 71
<ktlyfz gjufyrf -138 – wtpfhcrbq - 130
<jrfkmxbr gjkjcfnsq - 226 – xthybkmysq - 167
<jktnec rhfcbdsq - 68 Uhb,-pjynbr ,tksq - 149
– rhfcyt.obq - 151
D – gtcnhsq - 150
Dfkeq - 199 Uheplm le,jdsq - 210
Dtctkrf j,sryjdtyyfz - 218 – ;tknsq - 214
Dtityrf j,sryjdtyyfz - 83 – ;tkxysq - 72
– hj;rjdblyfz - 82 – gthtxysq - 212
Djkyeirf hjpjdfz - 215 – xthysq - 211
Djkjrjyybwf djkjrybcnfz - 178
– pdtpljcgjhjdfz - 177 L
– ptvkzyfz - 179 Ltyt;rf lkbyyjyjufz - 110
– gfneqzhf – rjkmwtdfz - 111
Djkmdfhbtkkf rhfcbdfz - 146 – ibhjrjgkfcnbyxfnfz - 112
– itkrjdbcnfz - 145 Lj;ltdbr uheitdblysq - 237
Djhjyjxybr hj;rjdblysq - 59 – t;tdblyj-rjk.xbq - 235
Le,jdbr rhfgxfnsq - 69
U – j,sryjdtyysq - 70
Uthbwbq t;jdbrjdsq - 51
Ubuhjajh ,fuhzysq - 89 T
– leibcnsq - 87 T;jdbr dstvxfnsq - 48
– rjybxtcrbq - 90 – rjhfkkjdblysq - 50
– cshjt;rjdsq - 88 – xthtgbnxfns? - 49
Ujdjheirf fybcjdfz - 96
– ,tkfz - 92 P
– djhjyxfnfz - 94 Pdtpljdbr ,f[hjvxfnsq - 233
– djcrjdfnfz - 93 Pdtplxfnrf
– ubufyncrfz - 105 ubuhjvtnhbxtcrfz - 223
– cthfz - 95
Ujkjdfx ,tksq - 230 B
– ubufyncrbq - 234 Belbyj e[j - 42
– gepshtdblysq - 231
Uhb, fghtkcrbq - 125 R
– ,tksq - 67 Rkfdfhbfltkmaec zpsrjdsq - 55
– ;tknsq - 72 Rjkkb,bz dthtntyjyjufz - 109
– pbvybq - 114 – rfinfyjdfz - 107
– vfqcrbq - 99 Rjkgfr rjkmxfnsq - 182
– gjkmcrbq - 64

252
K Jgtyjr dtctyybq - 108
Ktgbjnf ,tkfz - 153 – ktnybq - 176
– obnrjdfz - 154 – keujdjq - 116
Ktgnjybz ptktyfz - 127 – yfcnjzobq - 106
Kbcbxrf kj;yfz - 79
– yfcnjzofz - 58 G
Kj;yjlj;ltdbr Gfyec uhe,sq - 84
j,sryjdtyysq - 227 Gfenbyybr
Kj;yjjgtyjr rfyljkz - 169 f,hbrjcjdj-;tknsq - 183
– rbhgbxyj-rhfcysq - 173 – ,hfcktnxfnsq - 184
– cthyj-;tknsq - 172 – ujhmrbq - 188
Kj;ysq dfkeq - 181 – rhfcbdjyj;rjdsq – 187
Kjrjdbwf hjpjdfz - 91 – vyjujj,hfpysq - 190
Kjgfcnybr rehxfdsq - 36 – jgjzcfyysq - 186
– zvxfnsq - 37 – gjkjcyjq - 185
– hs;t-jkbdrjdsq - 191
V – cbytyj;rjdsq - 189
Vfcktyjr pthybcnsq - 61 – nht[ajhvysq - 192
– j,sryjdtyysq - 62 – abjktnjdsq - 193
– gthtxysq - 63 Gtwbwf jhfy;tdfz - 34
Vbnbyec cj,fxbq - 220 Gtxtyjxybwf j,sryjdtyyfz - 46
Vbwtyf rjkgfrjdblyfz - 118 Gkbrfhbz ntvyj-rfinfyjdfz - 35
– gjkjcfnjyj;rjdfz - 119 Gk.ntq jktybq - 147
– xbcnfz - 120 – xthyjrhfqybq - 148
Vktxybr jcnhsq - 207 Gjl,thtpjdbr j,sryjdtyysq - 76
Vjrhe[f tkjdfz - 80 Gjldbityybr - 124
– gehgehjdfz - 81 Gjluhepljr ,tksq - 197
Vjkjxfq - 217 Gjljcbyjdbr rhfcysq - 73
Vjynfytz gtcxfyfz - 238 Gjkjkbcnybr nbuhjdsq - 86
Vj[jdbr ptktysq - 66 – xtietxfnsq - 85
gtcnhsq - 65 Gjgkfdjr ;tknj-rjhbxytdsq -
Ve[jvjh rjhtyfcnsq - 141 – cthsq - 144
– rhfcysq - 132 Gjh[jdrf cdbywjdj-cthfz - 229
– gfynthysq - 136
– xthyt.ofz - 228
– gjhabhjdsq - 137
– cthj-hjpjdsq - 140 H
Htitnjxybr rhfcysq - 222
Y Hjufnbr ,ekfdjdblysq - 56
Yfdjpybr ,tksq - 166
– vthwf.obq - 168 – uhjpltdblysq - 52
– ;tknsq - 53
Hs;br - 208
J
Hzljdrf pfjcnhtyyfz - 103
J,f,jr ,erjdsq - 74
– ptvkbcnj-cthfz - 101
– cthsq - 75
– rhfcyfz - 97

253
 – rhfcyj-,ehfz - 102 – xtieqxfnsq - 44
– jhfy;tdfz - 98 Nh.atkm ktnybq - 41
– abjktnjdfz - 100 Nekfcnjvf pbvyfz - 224

C W
Cdbyjt e[j - 57 Wdtnj[djcnybr zdfycrbq - 220
Cdbyeirf njkcnfz - 77 Wbcnjlthvf pthybcnfz - 157
– njyrfz - 78
Ctheirf - 209 X
Cbybxrf - 123 Xfuf - 43
Crhbgbwf - 216 Xtcyjxybr ,jkmijq - 115
Cvjhxjr rjybxtcrsq - 39 – j,sryjdtyysq - 117
– yfcnjzobq - 40 Xtieqxfnrf djhcbcnfz - 175
Cgfhfcbr rehxfdsq - 54 – pjkjnbcnfz - 174
Cnhjafhbz cbyt-ptktyfz - 257 – hfyyzz - 170
Cnhjxjr j,sryjdtyysq - 38
Cshjt;rf ,fh[fnbcnfz - 200 I
– ,ktlyj-;tknfz - 203 Ifvgbymjy ldecgjhjdsq - 159
– ,eht.ofz - 206 – lde[rjkmwtdjq - 160
– ;uext-tlrfz - 198 – ktcyjq - 163
– ptktyfz - 195 – j,sryjdtyysq - 161
– pjkjnbcnj-;tknfz - 201 – gjktdjq - 158
– gbotdfz - 204 – hs;t.obq - 165
– cbyt-;tknfz - 196 – nf,kbnxfnsq - 164
– xthyfz - 194 – ntvyjxtieqxfnsq - 162
– xthyt.ofz - 202 Ibirjuhb,
– xtieqxfnfz - 205 [kjgmtyj;rjdsq - 60

N Ý
Nhenjdbr ,thtpjdsq - 45 Ýyljgnb[ev ikzgjxysq - 232
– cthyj-;tknsq - 47

254
 rekomendebuli literatura

naxucriSvili i. saqarTvelos sporovan mcenareTa sarkvevi, I,

Tb.,1981.
Dfcbkmrjd <& G& C]tlj,yst b zljdbnst uhb,s V&-K& 1948
Dfcbkmrjd <& G& pfujnjdrf uhb,jd V&-K& 1957
Uhb,s CCCH ( gjl& j,o& htl& V K& Ujhktyrj) vsckm& Vjcrdf 1980 u&
Lelrf B& F& Dfccth C&G& Uhb,s& Cghfdjxybr Vbrjkjuf b Uhb,ybrf&
Rbtd& Yferf Levrf& 1987 u&
Lelrf B& F& blh& ghjvbiktyyjt reknbdbhbhjdfybt c]tlj,ys[ uhb,jd
– Rbtd& Yferf Levrf& 1978 u&
Vtkbr- {fxfnhzy L&U& Yf[ewhbidbkb B&U& Cfls[jd F&C& jghtlbkbntkm
fufhbrfkmys[ uhb,jd pfrfdrdprmz& N,bkbcb 1985 u&
Cth;fybyf U&B Zirby& B& Z& Uhb,s-Vbycr @Yferf b nt[ybrf@ 1986u&
;bpym hfcntybq^ njv dnjhjq& Uhb,s& Vjcrdf @Ghjcdtitybt@ 1976 u&
Z&Rkfy uhb,s bpl& @Fhnbf@ 1984 Ghfuf
Dct j uhb,f[ @Ktcyfz ghjvbiktyyjcnm@ 1986 Vjcrdf&
Fehtk Lthvtr Uhb,s bpl& @Ckjdfhn@ 1989 <hfnbckfdf
A& D& Atljhjd @Hjcfuhjghjvbplfn@& 1990 Vjcrdf&
Utkven b Htyfnt Uh.ythn& Uhb,s @Fcnhtk@ 2002 Vjcrdf& (gth& cytvtwr&)
Cghfdjxybr Uhb,s bpl& @Fcnhtk@ 2001 (gth& c bnfk)&

255
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