Fading Channels & Mobile Communications

IIT Kharagpur

Date: Oct 12 2023

__________________________________________________________
Exp 1: Understanding of PathLoss
Name: Bansi Chaklasiya

REPORT
1A: Calculation 1B: Calculation 1C: Calculation 1D: Calculation 1E: Calculation
of Received of Pathloss of Carrier of Receiver of BS Antenna
Power Exponent Frequency Antenna Height Height

Pr(d0): -18.22 dBm Pr(d0): -13.45 dBm n: 4.47 fc: 2.0 Ghz fc: 2.0 Ghz
Dist: 516.0 m TxPow: 50.0 dBm TxPow: 50.0 dBm TxPow: 50.0 dBm TxPow: 50.0 dBm

d0: 94.0m Dist: 516.0 m hTx: 30.0 m hTx: 30.0 m n: 3.52

Pr(d): -54.41 dBm Dist: 516.0 m Dist: 516.0 m Dist: 516.0 m

d0:75.0m Pr(d): -65.68 dBm Pr(d): -45.51 dBm Pr(d): -33.91 dBm

hRx: 1.0 m n: 4.41 hRx: 1.0 m

Pr(Entered):-30.0 n(Entered):4.13 fc(Entered):2.6 GHz hRx(Entered):6.65 m hTx(Entered):38.87
dBm m
Pr(Actual):-33.01 n(Actual):4.89 fc(Actual):4.58 GHz hRx(Actual):4.27 m hTx(Actual):25.74 m
dBm

DISCUSSION:-

Bansi Chaklasiya)
(Signature of JAYDIP)

(Signature of Faculty)

Remarks:-
Fading Channels & Mobile Communications
IIT Kharagpur
Date: Oct 12 2023

Exp 2: Understanding of Path Loss & Shadowing

Name: Bansi Chaklasiya

__________________________________________________________

URBAN MICRO Power Recieved (dBm) vs. Distance (m)

Pr(dBm) Dist(m) 0
-1.54 147.0
-7.12 252.0 -10
Power Recieved (dBm)

-30.17 326.0
-19.23 175.0
-19.26 409.0 -20
-28.62 334.0
-32.12 457.0
-30
-9.55 378.0
-27.61 347.0
-12.91 341.0 -40
-28.4 320.0
-12.96 292.0
-20.86 247.0 -50
-23.13 225.0
-15.41 271.0
-60
-4.48 230.0
-7.3 244.0
-14.1 233.0 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
-19.43 223.0
-23.01 281.0 Distance (m)
-22.93 354.0
Entered Actual Value
Power Recieved(Entered Value) Measured Power
Value
Calculated Power
n: 10 4.34

sigma: 4.71 7.72

DISCUSSION:

(Signature of Bansi Chaklasiya)

(Signature of Faculty)
Fading Channels & Mobile Communications
IIT Kharagpur
Date: 22/Oct/2023

Exp 3A: Horizontal Beam Pattern

Name: Bansi Chaklasiya

__________________________________________________________

Horizontal Beam Pattern Power Recieved (dBm) vs. Angle (deg)

Pr(dBm) Angle(deg)
-64.31 -180.0 0
-64.31 -169.0
-64.31 -158.0 315 45
-64.31 -136.0
-64.31 -116.0
-64.31 -82.0
-64.31 -62.0
-61.07 -52.0 -60 -55 -50 -45
-54.23 -40.0 270 90
-48.83 -27.0
-44.54 -6.0
-44.71 8.0
-46.55 19.0
-49.53 29.0 225 135
-61.72 53.0
-64.31 80.0
-64.31 100.0 180
-64.31 122.0
-64.31 137.0
Beam Pattern
-64.31 165.0
Entered BW Actual BW

44.0 deg 44.0 deg

DISCUSSION:

(Signature of Bansi Chaklasiya)

(Signature of Faculty)
Fading Channels & Mobile Communications
IIT Kharagpur
Date: 22_Oct_2023

Exp 3B: Vertical Beam Pattern

Name: Bansi Chaklasiya

__________________________________________________________

Vertical Beam Pattern (Tilt= 5.0deg) Power Recieved (dBm) vs. Angle (deg)
Pr(dBm) Angle(deg)
-62.02 2.81 0
-58.44 1.44
-60.3 2.26
315 45
-60.66 2.68
-59.14 2.46
-58.38 2.16
-58.02 1.68
-58.76 1.02 -60 -55 -50 -45
-57.98 1.56 270 90
-57.97 1.01
-58.44 0.43
-56.5 0.73
-55.75 -0.18
-54.94 -1.44
-64.23 -2.28 225 135
-48.75 -1.86
-40.97 -15.64 180
-43.34 -30.26
-59.73 -10.73
-61.36 -4.23 Beam Pattern
Entered Value Actual Value

BW: 14 deg 14.0 deg

Tilt: 5 deg 5.0 deg

DISCUSSION:

(Signature of Bansi Chaklasiya)

(Signature of Faculty)
Fading Channels & Mobile Communications
IIT Kharagpur
Date: 22 Oct 2023

Exp 4: Boundary Coverage

Name: Bansi Chaklasiya

____________________________________________________________
Tx.Power Dist n Pr(Th) Pr(Mean Sigma Actual Entered Actual Entered
) Theor Theor Exp Exp
Prob% Prob% Prob% Prob%

30 dBm 1000 m 4.0 -90.0 -90.25 8.51 48.83 % 48.81 % 45.45 % 45.50 %
dBm dBm

Sr.No Pr(dBm) Angle(deg)

1 -86.42 0.0
2 -78.64 7.0
3 -102.51 12.0
4 -103.88 18.0
5 -72.1 26.0
6 -88.22 32.0
7 -85.42 40.0
8 -101.01 48.0
9 -103.81 55.0
10 -93.83 65.0
11 -90.19 73.0
12 -97.13 77.0
13 -83.46 84.0
14 -86.77 92.0
15 -106.83 106.0
16 -83.58 117.0
17 -88.91 127.0
18 -81.22 137.0
19 -80.0 146.0
20 -85.39 154.0
21 -86.67 163.0
22 -96.06 171.0
23 -96.31 179.0
24 -91.4 213.0
25 -97.06 261.0
26 -94.26 269.0
27 -93.3 281.0
28 -92.27 296.0
29 -89.36 311.0
30 -95.2 325.0
31 -91.74 335.0
32 -81.07 345.0
33 -74.28 359.0

DISCUSSION:-

(Signature of Bansi Chaklasiya)

(Signature of Faculty)
Fading Channels &Mobile Communications
IIT Kharagpur
Date: 26/Oct/2023

Exp 5A: SINR(Downlink)

Name: Bansi Chaklasiya

__________________________________________________________

SINR vs Distance
40

30

20

10
SINR(dB)

-10

-20

-30

-40

100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650
Distance(m)
SINR1 SINR2 SINR1(EnteredValue) SINR2(EnteredValue)

Discussion:-

(Signature of Bansi Chaklasiya)

(Signature of Faculty)
 REPORT
Pr1(dBm) d1(m) Pr2(dBm) d2(m) SINR1(dB) SINR2(dB) Entered Entered
SINR1(dB) SINR2(dB)

-50.91 109.0 -79.84 641.0 28.89 -28.93 28.4 -28.45

-49.17 98.0 -80.12 652.0 30.9 -30.95 30.64 -30.64

-62.38 220.0 -76.73 530.0 14.33 -14.35 14.27 -14.3

-69.72 345.0 -72.34 405.0 2.61 -2.62 2.24 -2.24

-68.13 313.0 -73.58 437.0 5.44 -5.45 5.51 -5.51

-71.04 374.0 -71.13 376.0 0.08 -0.1 0.08 -0.1

-74.02 449.0 -67.49 301.0 -6.53 6.52 -6.79 6.79

-76.42 520.0 -63.1 230.0 -13.32 13.3 -13.64 13.64

-78.81 602.0 -55.9 148.0 -22.91 22.88 -22.08 22.09

-81.02 689.0 -41.43 61.0 -39.59 39.53 -39.78 39.78

(Signature of Bansi Chaklasiya)

(Signature of Faculty)
Fading Channels &Mobile Communications
IIT Kharagpur
Date: 26/Oct/2023

Exp 5B: SINR(Uplink)

Name: Bansi Chaklasiya

__________________________________________________________

SINR vs Distance
30
25
20
15
10
SINR(dB)

5
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30

100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650
Distance(m)
SINR_BS1_A SINR_BS1_B SINR_BS1_A(EnteredValue) SINR_BS1_B(EnteredValue)
SINR_BS2_A SINR_BS2_B SINR_BS2_A(EnteredValue) SINR_BS2_B(EnteredValue)

Discussion:-

(Signature of Bansi Chaklasiya)

(Signature of Faculty)
 Base Station 1
Pr1_A(dB d1_A(m) Pr1_B(dB d1_B(m) SINR_A(d SINR_B(d Entered Entered
m) m) B) B) SINR_A(d SINR_B(d
B) B)

-77.81 188.0 -85.05 293.0 7.1 -7.27 0.0 0.0

-77.81 188.0 -89.08 375.0 10.92 -11.3 0.0 0.0

-77.81 188.0 -90.82 417.0 12.5 -13.04 0.0 0.0

-77.81 188.0 -93.52 492.0 14.8 -15.74 0.0 0.0

-77.81 188.0 -95.07 541.0 16.01 -17.29 0.0 0.0

-77.81 188.0 -96.2 580.0 16.83 -18.42 0.0 0.0

-77.81 188.0 -97.53 629.0 17.71 -19.75 0.0 0.0

-77.81 188.0 -94.48 522.0 15.56 -16.7 0.0 0.0

-77.81 188.0 -96.84 603.0 17.27 -19.06 0.0 0.0

-77.81 188.0 -98.29 659.0 18.18 -20.51 0.0 0.0

Base Station 2
Pr2_A(dB d2_A(m) Pr2_B(dB d2_B(m) SINR_A(d SINR_B(d Entered Entered
m) m) B) B) SINR_A(d SINR_B(d
B) B)

-95.69 562.0 -92.31 457.0 -4.09 1.97 0.0 0.0

-95.69 562.0 -89.08 375.0 -6.96 5.2 0.0 0.0

-95.69 562.0 -87.14 333.0 -8.78 7.14 0.0 0.0

-95.69 562.0 -82.98 258.0 -12.8 11.3 0.0 0.0

-95.69 562.0 -79.54 209.0 -16.19 14.74 0.0 0.0

-95.69 562.0 -76.16 170.0 -19.55 18.12 0.0 0.0

-95.69 562.0 -70.61 121.0 -25.09 23.67 0.0 0.0

-95.69 562.0 -80.96 228.0 -14.79 13.32 0.0 0.0

-95.69 562.0 -73.79 147.0 -21.91 20.49 0.0 0.0

-95.69 562.0 -65.96 91.0 -29.73 28.32 0.0 0.0

(Signature of Bansi Chaklasiya)

(Signature of Faculty)
Fading Channels & Mobile Communications
IIT Kharagpur
Date: 26 Oct 2023

Exp 6A: Frequency Reuse

Name: Bansi Chaklasiya

__________________________________________________________

Discussion:

(Signature of Bansi Chaklasiya)

(Signature of Faculty)
Fading Channels & Mobile Communications
IIT Kharagpur
Date: 26 Oct 2023

Exp 6B: Frequency Reuse

Name: Bansi Chaklasiya

__________________________________________________________

Discussion:

(Signature of Bansi Chaklasiya)

(Signature of Faculty)
Fading Channels & Mobile Communications
IIT Kharagpur
Date: 26 Oct 2023

Exp 7: Sectoring
Name: Bansi Chaklasiya

__________________________________________________________

CDF of SINR
PLModel Urban Micro
1.0
Beam Width 70 deg
0.9
Rotate 0 deg
0.8
Cell Radius 116 m
0.7
Tx Power 43 dBm
0.6
CDF

fc 1.0 GHz
0.5 hTx 10 m
0.4 hRx 1.5 m
0.3 Sigma 4 dB
0.2 Vertical Tilt 6 deg

0.1 Sectoring Yes

0.0 Shadowing Yes

10 15 20 25 30 35 Reuse 3
SINR(dB)
Urban Micro N= 3

Discussion:

(Signature of Bansi Chaklasiya)

(Signature of Faculty)
Fading Channels &Mobile Communications
IIT Kharagpur
Date: 26/Oct/2023

Exp 8: Handoff
Name: Bansi Chaklasiya

__________________________________________________________

Input Parameters
Reuse: 1 ,Model: Rune Pt(dBm): 34

fc(GHz): 0.8 Beam Width(deg): 70

Rotate(deg): 30 Cell Radius(m): 50

hT(m): 10 hM(m): 1

Sigma(dB): 4 Vertical Tilt(deg): 12

SNR(dB): 5 Band Width(MHz): 5

Noise Figure(dB): 7 Noise Power(dBm): -100.01

Pr0(dBm): -95.01 Time Slot(s): 20

Exp. Results
SNR No.Calldr No.Hand Delta1 Delta2 Reading Outage % Alpha
ops offs Time(ms) Time(ms) Outage

5.0 3.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 20016.0 11520.0 57.55 0.1

5.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 20016.0 12240.0 61.15 0.1

5.0 4.0 5.0 3.0 3.0 20016.0 11952.0 59.71 0.1

5.0 6.0 5.0 3.0 3.0 20016.0 11376.0 56.83 0.1

5.0 3.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 20016.0 11376.0 56.83 0.1

5.0 5.0 5.0 3.0 3.0 20016.0 10224.0 51.08 0.1

5.0 6.0 6.0 3.0 3.0 20016.0 9504.0 47.48 0.1

5.0 7.0 6.0 3.0 3.0 20016.0 10512.0 52.52 0.1

5.0 5.0 5.0 3.0 3.0 20016.0 12528.0 62.59 0.1

5.0 4.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 20016.0 12240.0 61.15 0.1

5.0 5.0 5.0 3.0 3.0 20016.0 11376.0 56.83 0.1

5.0 4.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 20016.0 12528.0 62.59 0.1

5.0 6.0 6.0 3.0 3.0 20016.0 10224.0 51.08 0.1

5.0 4.0 5.0 3.0 3.0 20016.0 11232.0 56.12 0.1

5.0 6.0 5.0 3.0 3.0 20016.0 10944.0 54.68 0.1

5.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 11088.0 7344.0 66.23 0.1

5.0 6.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 20016.0 7632.0 38.13 0.1

5.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 3.0 720.0 720.0 100.0 0.1

5.0 2.0 1.0 3.0 3.0 3744.0 1584.0 42.31 0.1

5.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 3.0 1152.0 1152.0 100.0 0.1

 Observation

(Signature of Bansi Chaklasiya)

(Signature of Faculty)
 Fading Channels &Mobile Communications
IIT Kharagpur
Date: 26/Oct/2023

Exp9: Flat Fading

Name: Bansi Chaklasiya

__________________________________________________________

Channel Prob vs Th (M=5)

1.00
30

20 0.75
Prob<Th
X(dB)

10

0 0.50

-10
0.25
-20

0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0.00

time(sec) -5 0 5 10 15 20

SC MRC Ch0 Ch1 Ch2 Ch3

Threshold(dB)
Ch4 SC MRC

LCR vs Th ADF vs Th
80 1.00
70
60 0.75
50
ADF
LCR

40 0.50
30
20 0.25
10
0 0.00
-5 0 5 10 15 20 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Threshold(dB) Threshold(dB)
SC_Exp SC_Theor MRC_Exp SC_Exp SC_Theor MRC_Exp
MRC_Theor MRC_Theor
 Input Parameters
No.of Multipaths 100

No.Samples 1000

Sampling Time(sec) 0.001

fc(Hz) 9.0E8

Velocity(mps) 20.0

Threshold(dB) 0.0

No.of Branches 5

Avg SNR(dB) 5.0

Results
Type LCR(Exp) LCR(Th) ADF(Exp) ADF(Th)

SC(Actual) 80.0 80.7416 0.0071 0.0049

SC(Entered) 80.0 80.0 0.007 0.005

MRC(Actual) 0.0 0.0077 0.0 -

MRC(Entered 0.0 0.0077 0.0 -

)

(Signature of Bansi Chaklasiya)

(Signature of Faculty)
Fading Channels &Mobile Communications
IIT Kharagpur
Date: 26/Oct/2023

Exp10: Frequency Selective Fading

Name: Bansi Chaklasiya

__________________________________________________________

Results
Environment Mean Excess RMS Delay(uS) Bc(>0.5)MHz Bc(>0.9)MHz Max.Tow(uS)
Delay(uS)

UMi(LoS) Actual:0.0802 Actual:0.1196 Actual:1.6722 Actual:0.1672 Actual:0.42

Entered:0.0884 Entered:0.1091 Entered:1.8332 Entered:0.1833 Entered:0.42

UMi(NLoS) Actual:0.1426 Actual:0.1911 Actual:1.0466 Actual:0.1047 Actual:0.73

Entered:0.112 Entered:0.1553 Entered:1.2878 Entered:0.1288 Entered:0.733

UMa(LoS) Actual:0.0938 Actual:0.1695 Actual:1.1799 Actual:0.118 Actual:0.64

Entered:0.0909 Entered:0.175 Entered:1.1142 Entered:0.11 Entered:0.64

UMa(NLoS) Actual:0.4048 Actual:0.52 Actual:0.3846 Actual:0.0385 Actual:1.885

Entered:0.378 Entered:0.477 Entered:0.4189 Entered:0.0419 Entered:1.885

Rural Actual:0.0307 Actual:0.0563 Actual:3.5524 Actual:0.3552 Actual:0.2

Macro(LoS) Entered:0.0475 Entered:0.0623 Entered:3.21 Entered:0.321 Entered:0.2

Rural Actual:0.0313 Actual:0.0443 Actual:4.5147 Actual:0.4515 Actual:0.22

Macro(NLoS) Entered:0.0285 Entered:0.0376 Entered:5.3191 Entered:0.5319 Entered:0.22

Suburban Actual:0.1578 Actual:0.2035 Actual:0.9828 Actual:0.0983 Actual:0.96

Macro(LoS) Entered:0.1796 Entered:0.2155 Entered:0.9281 Entered:0.0928 Entered:0.96

Suburban Actual:0.1962 Actual:0.2203 Actual:0.9079 Actual:0.0908 Actual:0.96

Macro(NLoS) Entered:0.0748 Entered:0.0838 Entered:2.3866 Entered:0.2387 Entered:0.77

Suburban Actual:0.0562 Actual:0.0825 Actual:2.4242 Actual:0.2424 Actual:0.305

Macro(Outdoor- Entered:0.061 Entered:0.083 Entered:2.4907 Entered:0.2491 Entered:0.305
Indoor)

Discussion:

(Signature of Bansi Chaklasiya)

(Signature of Faculty)
 Power Delay Profile Power Delay Profile Power Delay Profile
0 0 0
Power(dB)

Power(dB)

Power(dB)
-5 -5 -5
-10 -10 -10
-15 -15 -15
-20 -20 -20
-25 -25
0.00 0.25 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 0.00 0.25 0.50
tow(uS) tow(uS) tow(uS)
UMi(LoS) UMi(NLoS) UMa(LoS)
Power Delay Profile Power Delay Profile Power Delay Profile
0 0 0.0
Power(dB)

Power(dB)

Power(dB)
-5 -5 -2.5
-10 -5.0
-10
-15
-7.5
-15 -20
-10.0
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.2
tow(uS) tow(uS) tow(uS)
UMa(NLoS) Rural Macro(LoS) Rural Macro(NLoS)
Power Delay Profile Power Delay Profile
0 0
Power(dB)
Power(dB)

-5
-10
-10
-20 -15
-20
-30

0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3

tow(uS) tow(uS)

Suburban Macro(LoS) Suburban Macro(Outdoor to Indoor)

(Signature of Bansi Chaklasiya)

(Signature of Faculty)