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Physics Formulas

This document contains a formula sheet for physics that lists equations and formulas for various topics including kinematics, forces, energy, waves, optics, heat, electricity, and more. It defines equations for speed, acceleration, density, spring constant, kinetic energy, work, power, pressure, Snell's law, specific heat capacity, resistance, and other important physics relationships in over 20 bullet points.

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140 views

Physics Formulas

This document contains a formula sheet for physics that lists equations and formulas for various topics including kinematics, forces, energy, waves, optics, heat, electricity, and more. It defines equations for speed, acceleration, density, spring constant, kinetic energy, work, power, pressure, Snell's law, specific heat capacity, resistance, and other important physics relationships in over 20 bullet points.

Uploaded by

aarzujoshipura
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Formula sheet physics

 Speed (m/s) = distance (m) / time (s)


∴ v = s/t

 Average speed (m/s) = total distance (m) / total time (s)


∴ Vav = s/t

 Acceleration (m/s2) = Final velocity – Initial velocity / time (s)


∴ a = v-u/t

 Gravitational field strength (N/kg) = Weight (N) / Mass (kg)


∴ g = W/m

 Density (g/cm3) = Mass (g) / volume (cm3)


∴ ρ = m/v

 Spring constant (N/m) = Load (force) (N) / Extension (m)


∴ k = F/x

 Force (N) = mass (kg) * acceleration (m/s2)


∴ F = ma

 Moment (Nm) = Force (N) * Perpendicular distance (m)


∴ M = Fd

 Kinetic energy (J) = ½ * Mass (kg) * velocity2 (m/s)


∴ Ek = ½ mv2
 GPE / potential energy (J) = Mass (kg) * gravity (N/kg) * height (m)
∴ Ep = mgh

 Work (J) = Force (N) * direction


∴ W = Fd

 Energy efficiency = (useful energy output / total energy input) * 100

 Power efficiency = (useful power output / total power input) * 100

 Power (W, J/s) = Work done (J) / time (s)


∴ P = W/t

 Pressure (N/m2 , N/cm2 , Pascal) = Force (N) / Area (m2)


∴ p = F/A

 Liquid pressure (N/m2 ) = Density (g/cm3) * gravity (N/kg) * height


∴ p = ρgh

 Equations of motion
o Velocity1(m/s) = Velocity0(m/s) + acceleration (m/s2) * time (s)
∴ v = u + at
o Distance (m)= velocity0*time (s) + ½ acceleration (m/s2)*time
(s)
∴ s = ut + ½ at2
o 2*acceleration*distance = Final velocity2 – initial velocity2
(m/s)
∴ 2as = v2 – u2

2
 Speed of wave (cm/s) = Frequency (Hz) * Wavelength (cm)
∴ v = f(lambda)

 Speed of light in air: 3 x 108 m/s

 Law of reflection: Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection

 Refractive index = speed of light in air / speed of light in medium


∴ n = c1 / c2

 Snell’s law (angles of rays): Sin(i) * n1 = Sin (r) * n2

 Critical angle = Sin-1 (1/n)


∴ c = Sin-1 (1/n)

 Human audibility = 20Hz to 20000Hz / 20kHz

 Speed of sound
o Air: 330-350m/s
o Water: 1400m/s
o Concrete: 5000m/s
o Steel: 6000m/s

 Echo (m/s) = 2*distance / time


∴ v = 2s / t

 Sounds speed = distance / time


∴v=s/t

3
 Celsius = kelvin – 273

 Gas laws
o Charles law: V = T
o Boyle’s law: p = 1/V
o Lussac’s law: T = p

 Specific heat capacity (J/kg°C) = Heat (J)/mass (kg)*temp (°C)


∴ c = E / m (Temp2 – Temp1)

4
 Heat capacity (J/°C) = Heat (J)/ change in temp (°C)
∴ C = E /(Temp2 – Temp1)

 Specific heat capacity of water = 4200 J/kg°C

 Energy (J) = mass change * speed of light2


∴ E = mc2

 Alpha decay (helium nucleus): nucleon number = 4, proton number


= 2. 22688Ra  22286Ra + 42He

 Beta decay (electrons emitted): 146C  147C + 0-1electron + 00-V


antineutrino

 Speed time graph


o Gradient of graph= acceleration
o Area under graph = distance

 Distance time graph


o Gradient = speed
o Horizontal = at rest
o Diagonal = constant speed
o Upward Curve = accelerating
o Downward Curve = decelerating

 Charge on an e- = 1.6 * 10-19 coulombs

 Charge (C)= Current (A) * time (s)

5
∴Q=I*t
 Electromotive force (V) = work done (J) / charge (C)
∴ E.m.f. = W/Q
∴ V= W/Q

 Work done (J) = Charge (C) * Volt (V)


∴W=Q*V
∴W=I*t*V

 Resistance (ohm) = volt (V) / Current (I)


∴R=V/I

 Resistance (ohm)/ Resistance 2 (ohm)= Length (cm)/ Length 2 (cm)


R1 / R2 = l1 / l2

 Power formulas
o P = W/t
o P = ItV/t
o P = IV
o P = I2R
o P = V2/R

 Energy transfer (J) = Current (A) * Potential difference (V) * Time (s)

 Series circuit (constant = V)


o Potential difference: V1 + V2 + V3
o Resistors: V = IR: Requivalent = R1 + R2 + R3

6
 Parellel circuit
o Potential difference: V1 = V2
o Resistors: I = V/R: 1/Requivalent = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3
o Resistors: R1 * R2 * R3 / R1 + R2 + R3

 Voltage 1/ Voltage 2 = Resistance 1/ Resistance 2

 Right hand thumb rule


Left hand Fleming’s rule

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