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A server is a computer program or device that provides services to other programs or devices called clients. Servers can be physical machines, virtual machines, or software. Physical servers are computers that run server software, while virtual servers are virtual representations of physical servers that share hardware resources. Servers require an operating system and application software to function, and provide services like hosting websites, applications, files, databases, or policies to clients over a network. Common types of servers include web servers, application servers, proxy servers, file servers, and database servers.

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Mohamed Mamand Hassan
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A server is a computer program or device that provides services to other programs or devices called clients. Servers can be physical machines, virtual machines, or software. Physical servers are computers that run server software, while virtual servers are virtual representations of physical servers that share hardware resources. Servers require an operating system and application software to function, and provide services like hosting websites, applications, files, databases, or policies to clients over a network. Common types of servers include web servers, application servers, proxy servers, file servers, and database servers.

Uploaded by

Mohamed Mamand Hassan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SUBJECT

(SERVER)

Prepared by: Supervisor:


Muhammad Mamand M.Soran
Introduction
(SERVER)
A server is a computer program or device that provides a
service to another computer program and its user, also known
as the client. In a data center, the physical computer that a
server program runs on is also frequently referred to as a
server. That machine might be a dedicated server or it might
be used for other purposes.

In the client/server programming model, a server program


awaits and fulfills requests from client programs, which might
be running in the same, or other computers. A given
application in a computer might function as a client with
requests for services from other programs and as a server of
requests from other programs.

How servers work

The term server can refer to a physical machine, a virtual machine or to


software that is performing server services. The way that a server works
varies considerably depending on how the word server is being used.

Physical and virtual servers

A physical server is simply a computer that is used to run server


software. The differences between a server and a desktop computer will
be discussed in detail in the next section.

A virtual server is a virtual representation of a physical server. Like a


physical server, a virtual server includes its own operating system and
applications. These are kept separate from any other virtual servers
that might be running on the physical server.

The process of creating virtual machines involves installing a


lightweight software component called a hypervisor onto a physical
server. The hypervisor's job is to enable the physical server to function
as a virtualization host. The virtualization host makes the physical
server's hardware resources -- such as CPU time, memory, storage and
network bandwidth -- available to one or more virtual machines.

An administrative console gives administrators the ability to allocate


specific hardware resources to each virtual server. This helps
dramatically drive down hardware costs because a single physical
server can run multiple virtual servers, as opposed to each workload
needing its own physical server.

Server software

At a minimum, a server requires two software components: an


operating system and an application. The operating system acts as a
platform for running the server application. It provides access to the
underlying hardware resources and provides the dependency services
that the application depends on.

The operating system also provides the means for clients to


communicate with the server application. The server's IP address and
fully qualified domain name, for example, are assigned at the operating
system level.
Types of servers

Servers are often categorized in terms of their purpose.

Web server: a computer program that serves


requested HTML pages or files. In this case, a web browser acts as the
client.
Application server: a program in a computer in
a distributed network that provides the business logic for an application
program.
Proxy server: software that acts as an intermediary between
an endpoint device, such as a computer, and another server from which
a user or client is requesting a service.
File server: a computer responsible for the central storage and
management of data files so that other computers on the same network
can access them.
Policy server: a security component of a policy-based network that
provides authorization services and facilitates tracking and control of
files.
Database server: this server is responsible for hosting one or more
databases. Client applications perform database queries that retrieve
data from or write data to the database that is hosted on the server.
Blade server: a server chassis housing multiple thin, modular
electronic circuit boards, known as server blades. Each blade is a server
in its own right, often dedicated to a single application
Virtual server: a program running on a shared server that is
configured in such a way that it seems to each user that they have
complete control of a server.
Server Components
Hardware

Servers are made up of several different components and


subcomponents. At the hardware level, servers are typically made up of
a rack mount chassis containing a power supply, a system board, one or
more CPUs, memory, storage, a network interface and a power supply.

Most server hardware supports out-of-band management through a


dedicated network port. Out-of-band management enables low-level
management and monitoring of the server, independently of the
operating system. Out-of-band management systems can be used to
remotely power the server on or off, to install an operating system, and
to perform health monitoring.

Operating systems

Another component is the server operating system. A server operating


system, such as Windows Server or Linux, acts as the platform that
enables applications to run. The operating system provides applications
access to the hardware resources that they need and enables network
connectivity.

The application is what enables the server to do its job. For example, a
database server would run a database application. Likewise, an email
server would need to run a mail application.

Reference:
https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/server

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