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Function Part 1

The document discusses various types of functions including: 1. Linear functions which have the form y=mx+c and can be represented by a line on a graph. Quadratic functions have the form y=ax^2+bx+c and are represented by a parabola. 2. Rational functions are functions that can be written as a fraction of two polynomials. Proper rational functions have the degree of the numerator less than the denominator, while improper fractions have the degree of the numerator greater than or equal to the denominator. 3. Operations can be performed on functions such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Composite functions are formed by combining two or more functions together.

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Muhd Hafidz
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© © All Rights Reserved
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18 views

Function Part 1

The document discusses various types of functions including: 1. Linear functions which have the form y=mx+c and can be represented by a line on a graph. Quadratic functions have the form y=ax^2+bx+c and are represented by a parabola. 2. Rational functions are functions that can be written as a fraction of two polynomials. Proper rational functions have the degree of the numerator less than the denominator, while improper fractions have the degree of the numerator greater than or equal to the denominator. 3. Operations can be performed on functions such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Composite functions are formed by combining two or more functions together.

Uploaded by

Muhd Hafidz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TOPIC 1

FUNCTIONS

Prepared by
DR NOR AZALINA ROSLI
CONTENTS

1 Basic Definition

2 Linear and quadratic functions

3 Polynomial, Rational and Circular functions

4 Exponential, Logarithmic and Hyperbolic functions


BASIC DEFINITION-CONCEPT OF FUNCTION
Function is a relation between two sets where
it assigns exactly ONE element in Set A to
each element in Set B

SET A SET B

C
D
E
F

Which one is not a function?


BASIC DEFINITION-CONCEPT OF FUNCTION

Example :

y = 4x + 1 y as function of x

Otherwise, we can write it as


y = f(x) f(x) as a function of x
Where f(x)=4x+1

 In most cases, the relationship is usually using


the relationship between y and x. x and y may
represent numerical quantities, but f stand for a
relationship between x & y.
DOMAIN AND RANGE

SET B
SET A
C
D
E
F

Which one is domain?


Which one is range?
DOMAIN AND RANGE
DOMAIN AND RANGE
 Example :
Find the domain and range of function
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐
DOMAIN AND RANGE
 Example :
Find the domain and range of function
f ( x) = 2x − 8
DOMAIN AND RANGE
 Example :
Find the domain and range of function
𝟏
𝑓 𝑥 =
𝒙−𝟏
OPERATIONS ON FUNCTION
 Functions can be added, subtracted,
multiplied or divided. In general, the
definition
OPERATIONS ON FUNCTION
Example :
f(x) = x, g(x) = x2
Find;
➢ f(x) + g(x)
➢ (f-g)(x)
➢ (f.g)(x)
➢ (f/g)(x)
OPERATIONS ON FUNCTION
 Example :

For f ( x ) = x + x and
2
2
g ( x) = , find each
( x + 3)
value.

(a) ( f − g )( 2 )

(b)  g (3)
2
INVERSE FUNCTION
 Inverse function of a function,f is a reverse
operations carried out by f

x y = f (x)
f (•)

x = f ( y) y
f −1
(•)
INVERSE FUNCTION
 Example :
1
Given that f(x) = 5 (4x -3). Find f-1 (x)
INVERSE FUNCTION
Example :

The function f is defined by; f ( x ) =


8
x+2
find f −1
( x)
COMPOSITE FUNCTION
 Composite functions are what you get when you
take the output of one function and use it for
the input of the next one.

 Assume that f(x) = x2 and g(x) = x + 1, find


𝑓(𝑔 𝑥 )
COMPOSITE FUNCTION
 Example :

Find 𝑓(𝑔 𝑥 ) if 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑥


COMPOSITE FUNCTION
 Example :

If 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑥 − 1𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑
 𝑓∘𝑔 𝑥

 𝑔∘𝑓 𝑥
COMPOSITE FUNCTION

 Example :

and g ( x ) =
6x
Let f ( x ) = 3x
find
( x − 9)
2

(i) 𝑓∘𝑔 𝑥

(ii) (f g )(12 )
LINEAR FUNCTION
 For linear, It is a usual case where
y = mx + c
Where y = value at y coordinate
x = value at x coordinate
m = slope of a line
y2 − y1
m=
x2 − x1
c = y intercept (the place where the
graph crosses the y-axis)
LINEAR FUNCTION
 Example :
Sketch the graph y = x + 2

Sketch the graph y = -2x + 4


LINEAR FUNCTION
 Example : Find the slope of the line, m
through points (4,3) and (2,5)
LINEAR FUNCTION
 Example : Find an equation of the line
through the points (3,1) and (4,-1) and
the graph line
LINEAR FUNCTION
 Example : Find an equation of the line
parallel to y=3x-2 and through the
point (-1,3)
LINEAR FUNCTION
 Example : Find an equation of the line
perpendicular to y=-2x+4 and
intersecting the line at the point (1,2)
QUADRATIC FUNCTION
 The general quadratic function has the form
f(x) = ax2 + bx + c
where a, b and c are constants and a≠0

 a > 0 (minimum value)

 a < 0 (maximum value)


QUADRATIC FUNCTION
QUADRATIC FUNCTION
FACTORIZATION

 Factorizationis the opposite process to


expand brackets. The usually process
includes changing a long expression
without any brackets to a shorter
expression that includes the use of
bracket.
FACTORIZATION
 Example :Finding the intercepts of a Graph

Find all x intercepts of y = x2 - 4x + 3


FACTORIZATION
 Example :Finding the intercepts of a Graph

Find all x intercepts of y = x 2 + 10 x + 24


FACTORIZATION
 Example :Finding the intercepts of a Graph

Find all x intercepts of y = 3 x 2 − 11x − 20


FACTORIZATION
 Ifthe equation cannot be factorized, the
most reliable method of determines ‘the
roots’ of quadratic equation is to use the
formula.

− b  b 2 − 4ac
x=
2a
FACTORIZATION
Example :
Find the zeros of f(x) = x2 – 5x -12
RATIONAL FUNCTION
 Any function that can be written in the form
p( x)
f ( x) =
q( x)
 Where p(x) & q(x) are polynomials, with q(x) ≠0
 A rational function is known as a PROPER function
fraction if the degree of P(x) is less than the
degree of Q(x).
Degree 1

4x +1
Degree 2
2 x + 5x − 3
2
RATIONAL FUNCTION
 Proper rational functions can be expressed in
Partial fractions
𝑚𝑥 𝐴 𝐵
= +
𝑎𝑥 2 +𝑏𝑥+𝑐 𝑥+𝛼 𝑥−𝛽
𝑚𝑥 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
3 2
= + +
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑 𝑥 + 𝛼 𝑥 − 𝛽 𝑥 + 𝛿

 For function that cannot be factorized, it is known


as IRREDUCIBLE factor
𝑚𝑥 𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵 𝐶
2
= 2 +
(𝑎𝑥 +𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐)(𝑥 − 𝑑) 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 𝑥 + 𝛿
RATIONAL FUNCTION
 A rational function is said to be an IMPROPER
fraction if the degree of P(x) is greater than or
equal to the degree of Q(x).
Degree 3

3 x + 10 x + x − 14
3 2

x+2
Degree 1
RATIONAL FUNCTION
Division of polynomials
 Carrying out the division of polynomials is no
different, in principle, to numerical division.
Examine the steps taken in the following example
3 x 3 + 10 x 2 + x − 14
x+2
RATIONAL FUNCTION
 Improper fractions can be expressed as the sum of
a polynomial plus a proper function.

12𝑥 2 − 13𝑥 − 9
4𝑥 − 7
Thank You !
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