-People vs Padilla, G.R.

247603, May 5, 2021

The Facts

Accused-appellant Benjamin Padilla y Espiritu (accused-appellant) was charged with the killing of his
wife, Marcelina Tabares Padilla (Marcelina), in an Information that reads:

That on or about 10:00 o'clock in the evening of November 3, 2014 at Sitio Lico, Brgy. Yatyat, Laoac,
Pangasinan and within the jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, the above-named accused, armed
with a bladed weapon, with intent to kill and treachery, did then and there willfully, unlawfully and
feloniously maul and stab his lawful wife, Marcelina Tabares Padilla, inflicting upon her "[HEART]
AND LUNG INJURIES SECONDARY TO HACK WOUND AND STAB WOUND" which caused her
death, to the damage and prejudice of her heirs.

That treachery attended the killing when the accused suddenly and unexpectedly maul and stab the
defenseless victim, Marcelita Tabares Padilla, who was unarmed.

CONTRARY to Art. 246 [of the] Revised Penal Code as amended by R.A 7659 4 (Italics supplied)

Accused-appellant pleaded not guilty upon arraignment.5 During pretrial conference, the prosecution
and the defense stipulated that Marcelina was the wife of accused-appellant at the time of the
incident.6 Thereafter, trial on the merits ensued.

Version of the Prosecution

The prosecution presented Barangay Captain Arnulfo Martin (Martin),7 who declared in
his Sinumpaang Salaysay8 that in the evening of November 3, 2014, he received a call from
accused-appellant's sister, Helen Casugo (Helen), who informed him about a quarrel at the house of
accused-appellant. Minutes after the call, accused-appellant's son, Richard Padilla (Richard), went
to Martin's house and informed him that accused-appellant was having a quarrel with Marcelina.
Martin immediately proceeded to accused-appellant's house. Thereat, upon being told by Pepito
Casugo (Pepito) that accused-appellant was carrying a weapon, Martin called for assistance from
the Municipal Police Station. After a few minutes, accused-appellant came out of his house and
walked towards them. When asked what happened inside the house, accused-appellant
answered, "Hindi ko alam ang nangyari pare[,] napatay ko yata ang aking asawa." Martin then
frisked accused-appellant, and turned him over to Senior Police Officer IV Geronimo U. Mamaril
(SPO4 Mamaril) and Police Officer I Ruben A. Lacambra (PO1 Lacambra).

The prosecution also presented SPO4 Mamaril, whose testimony was stipulated by the parties,
declaring that he, together with PO1 Lacambra and Senior Police Officer I Meniamen A. De Vera
(SPO1 De Vera), saw the lifeless body of Marcelina inside accused-appellant's house.9

In an Autopsy Report10 dated November 4, 2014, Dr. Ariel De Vera indicated that the victim suffered
from "HEART AND LUNG INJURIES SECO[N]DARY TO STAB WOUNDS AND HACKING
WOUNDS x x x." His testimony, more particularly as to the victim's fact of death, was stipulated by
the parties.

Version of the Defense

Initially, accused-appellant testified that at around 10:00 in the evening of November 3, 2014, he
came home from Barangay Camantiles, Urdaneta City where he attended the birthday party of his
godson. Upon entering his room, he switched on the light and saw his bloodied wife lying down
unconscious. He then called Martin and told him – "Kap, I just saw my wife lying down and full of
blood."11

After calling Martin, accused-appellant went out of his house and sought help from his sister, Helen,
who lived in a nearby house. Moments after, Martin and the police officers arrived. When asked what
happened, accused-appellant maintained that he saw his wife lying down full of blood.12

On August 31, 2016, the defense rested its case.13 Subsequently, however, the defense filed an
Urgent Omnibus Motion to re-open presentation of evidence, and to suspend promulgation of
judgment.14 The Motion was granted by the RTC, there being no objection from the prosecution.15

Accused-appellant was then called again to testify on the following mitigating circumstances: "that
the accused ha[d] no intention to commit so grave a wrong as that committed; that he acted upon
impulse so powerful as would naturally produce passion and obfuscation; that sufficient provocation
on the part of the offended party immediately preceded the act; voluntary surrender and
drunkenness; and sufficient provocation to produce the effect of blurring his reason x x x."16

Accused-appellant declared that at around 10:00 in the evening of November 3, 2014, he came
home drunk from a birthday party. When he entered his room, he approached his wife, Marcelina.
When he tried to kiss her, she evaded. Moments after, Marcelina revealed to him that she was
having an affair with another man. Furious, accused-appellant went to the kitchen, where he found a
knife. Accused-appellant could no longer remember what ensued next, except that he might have
killed Marcelina. Accused-appellant then called Martin and then went to his sister, Helen. When
Martin and the police officers arrived, he surrendered. He was then handcuffed and brought to the
police station.17

Richard corroborated his father's testimony that Marcelina had extra-marital affairs. He testified that
prior to the incident, he saw his mother being intimate with another man.18

The RTC Ruling

In the Decision19 dated March 15, 2017, the RTC convicted accused-appellant of parricide.
The fallo reads:

From the evidence on record, the prosecution has sufficiently established by clear and convincing
evidence the guilt of the accused beyond reasonable doubt of the crime of Parricide.

WHEREFORE, finding the accused Benjamin Padilla guilty of the crime charged, he is hereby
sentenced to suffer the penalty of Reclusion Perpetua.

xxxx

SO ORDERED.20

The RTC convicted accused-appellant based on circumstantial evidence, thus: (1) Marcelina had a
fight with accused-appellant, who arrived home drunk; (2) the quarrel was reported to Martin, who
immediately went to accused-appellant's house; (3) accused-appellant was seen carrying a weapon
few minutes before Martin reached his house; (4) accused-appellant told Martin that he might have
killed his wife; and (5) the victim was found dead inside accused-appellant's house.21
Unconvinced of Marcelina's alleged infidelity, the RTC did not appreciate passion and obfuscation as
a mitigating circumstance in the killing of the victim. On the other hand, while appreciating the
mitigating circumstance of voluntary surrender, the RTC ruled that the same was offset by the
alternative circumstance of intoxication, holding the same to be habitual.22

Accused-appellant moved for reconsideration,23 arguing that the RTC failed to appreciate in his
favor the mitigating circumstances of intoxication, passion or obfuscation, lack of intent to commit so
grave a wrong, and sufficient provocation on the part of the victim.

In a Resolution24 dated April 24, 2017, the RTC denied accused-appellant's Motion for
Reconsideration, hence his appeal with the CA assigning as lone error the failure of the RTC to
appreciate passion or obfuscation and intoxication as mitigating circumstances in imposing the
correct penalty.25

The CA Ruling

In the challenged Decision26 dated January 18, 2019, the CA affirmed accused-appellant's
conviction with modification and disposed, thus:

WHEREFORE, premises considered, the instant appeal is partly GRANTED. Accordingly, the
Decision of the Regional Trial Court of Urdaneta City, Pangasinan, Branch 48, in Criminal Case No.
U-20150 which was promulgated on 15 March 2017 finding accused-appellant Benjamin Padilla y
Espiritu guilty beyond reasonable doubt of the crime of parricide and sentencing him to suffer the
penalty of [reclusion perpetua] is AFFIRMED with the following MODIFICATIONS: (1) the accused-
appellant is hereby ORDERED to pay the heirs of deceased Marcelina T. Padilla the following
amounts: Seventy Five Thousand Pesos (Php 75,000.00) as civil indemnity; Seventy Five Thousand
Pesos (Php 75,000.00) as moral damages; and Seventy Five Thousand Pesos (Php 75,000.00) as
exemplary damages; and (2) the monetary awards granted herein shall be subject to six percent
(6%) per annum to be reckoned from the date of the finality of this judgment until full payment.

SO ORDERED.27

In finding accused-appellant guilty of parricide, the CA underscored on his admission when he was
presented anew during the trial of the case that he stabbed Marcelina.28 It found said admission to
be consistent with the testimony of Martin, to whom accused-appellant uttered that he (accused-
appellant) might have killed Marcelina.

As regards the invoked mitigating circumstances, the CA did not consider passion and obfuscation,
holding that accused-appellant failed to establish clear and convincing proof that Marcelina
confessed to him about her alleged infidelity, from which passion and obfuscation on his part may be
produced.29 Also, the CA did not appreciate intoxication as mitigating, holding that accused-
appellant failed to establish that he was in such state of intoxication as would blur his reason at the
time of the incident. It observed that accused-appellant keenly noticed details when he came home
on the fateful night, i.e., that the door of their house was open and that there was no light, and that
he managed to check the room of his two children to verify if they were home.30 Lastly, the CA
considered the mitigating circumstance of voluntary surrender finding the same to be
spontaneous.31

Hence, this Appeal.

In this Appeal, accused-appellant once again raises the lone assignment of error, viz.:

THE TRIAL COURT GRAVELY ERRED WHEN IT FAILED TO APPRECIATE THE MITIGATING
CIRCUMSTANCES OF PASSION OR OBFUSCATION AND INTOXICATION IN IMPOSING THE
CORRECT PENALTY.33

The Court's Ruling

The Appeal is bereft of merit.

The Court is guided by the long-standing principle that factual findings of the trial court, especially
when affirmed by the CA, deserve great weight and respect.34 Such factual findings should not be
disturbed on appeal, unless there are facts of weight and substance that were overlooked or
misinterpreted and that would materially affect the disposition of the case.35

After a careful evaluation of the records of the case, the Court sees no cogent reason to deviate
from the congruent factual findings of the RTC and the CA that accused-appellant killed his wife,
there being no indication that both courts overlooked, misunderstood, or misapplied the surrounding
facts and circumstances of the case. Hence, the Court quotes with approval the CA ruling, thus:

Parricide is committed when: (1) a person is killed; (2) the deceased is killed by the accused; and (3)
the deceased is the father, mother, or child, whether legitimate or illegitimate, or a legitimate other
ascendants or other descendants, or the legitimate spouse of the accused. In this case, Marcelina
1aшphi1

died on 3 November 2014 as shown in the autopsy report. Moreover, one of the facts that was
proposed by the prosecution for stipulation and was admitted by the defense during the preliminary
conference and the pre-trial was the validity and existence of marriage of Marcelina and the
accused-appellant at the time of the incident. More so, when the accused-appellant was presented
anew during the trial of the case, he admitted that he stabbed Marcelina. This is consistent with the
testimony of defense witness Richard who testified that his father told him that he might have
seriously harmed Marcelina. Again, the admission of the accused-appellant is consistent with the
testimony of prosecution witness Brgy. Capt. Martin who testified that the accused-appellant uttered
to him "I do not know what had happened, I might have killed her." Albeit the admission of the
accused-appellant that he stabbed Marcelina, the defense raised mitigating circumstances that must
be appreciated in his favor. In fact, in the instant appeal, the accused-appellant does not anymore
question the finding of the RTC that he is guilty beyond reasonable doubt of parricide and assails
only the RTC's appreciation of mitigating circumstances.36 (Emphasis supplied)

Maintaining that the CA erred in affirming the penalty of reclusion perpetua, accused-appellant
insists that the mitigating circumstances of intoxication, voluntary surrender, and passion or
obfuscation should be appreciated in his favor.

Accused-appellant's invocation fails to persuade.

The CA properly sentenced accused-appellant to the penalty of reclusion perpetua. Relevant to the
issue raised by accused-appellant is the Court's explanation in People v. Sales,37 thus:
As regards the penalty, parricide is punishable by reclusion perpetual to death. x x x [T]he presence
of only one mitigating circumstance, which is, voluntary surrender, with no aggravating
circumstance, is sufficient for the imposition of reclusion perpetua as the proper prison term. Article
63 of the Revised Penal Code provides in part as follows:

Art. 63. Rules for the application of indivisible penalties.-

xxxx

In all cases in which the law prescribes a penalty composed of two indivisible penalties, the following
rules shall be observed in the application thereof:

xxxx

3. When the commission of the act is attended by some mitigating circumstance and there is no
aggravating circumstance, the lesser penalty shall be applied.

xxxx

The crime of parricide is punishable by the indivisible penalties of reclusion perpetua to death. With
one mitigating circumstance, which is voluntary surrender, and no aggravating circumstance, the
imposition of the lesser penalty of reclusion perpetua and not the penalty of death on appellant was
thus proper.

Here, considering that the penalty for parricide consists of two indivisible penalties – reclusion
perpetua to death, the penalty of reclusion perpetua is proper regardless of the mitigating
circumstances invoked by accused-appellant, there being no aggravating circumstance that would
call for the imposition of the maximum penalty of death. Otherwise put, even if it may be contended
that both the CA and the RTC erred in considering the mitigating circumstances of intoxication and
passion and obfuscation, the penalty of reclusion perpetua remains. This is clear from Article 63 of
the Revised Penal Code which provides that the exclusion of said mitigating circumstances does not
result to a different penalty since the presence of only one mitigating circumstance, which is
voluntary surrender, with no aggravating circumstance, as in this case, is sufficient for the imposition
of reclusion perpetua as the proper prison term.38

As regards the award of damages, the CA correctly applied the prevailing jurisprudence39 in
awarding the heirs of the victim the following amounts: (a) P75,000.00 as civil indemnity, (b)
P75,000.00 as moral damages, and (c) P75,000.00 as exemplary damages, all of which shall earn
interest at the rate of 6% per annum from the date of finality of this judgment until full payment.

WHEREFORE, the Court ADOPTS the findings of fact and conclusions of law of the Court of
Appeals in its January 18, 2019 Decision in CA-G.R. CR-HC No. 09434. Accused-appellant
Benjamin Padilla y Espiritu is GUILTY beyond reasonable doubt of Parricide under Article 246 of the
Revised Penal Code, as amended, and is sentenced to reclusion perpetua, and
further ORDERED to pay the heirs of the victim P75,000.00 as civil indemnity, P75,000.00 as moral
damages, and P75,000.00 as exemplary damages. The award of damages shall earn interest at the
rate of 6% per annum from the date of finality of the judgment until fully paid.

SO ORDERED.