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Module 1

The document discusses the TCP/IP protocol architecture. It has five layers: physical, network access, internet, transport, and application. The physical layer deals with transmission issues. The network access layer handles link specifics. The internet layer routes across networks using IP. The transport layer provides reliable data delivery using TCP. The application layer supports user applications. TCP/IP is commonly used for applications like SMTP, FTP, and Telnet.

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Nagesh Bhavi
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11 views

Module 1

The document discusses the TCP/IP protocol architecture. It has five layers: physical, network access, internet, transport, and application. The physical layer deals with transmission issues. The network access layer handles link specifics. The internet layer routes across networks using IP. The transport layer provides reliable data delivery using TCP. The application layer supports user applications. TCP/IP is commonly used for applications like SMTP, FTP, and Telnet.

Uploaded by

Nagesh Bhavi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PROTOCOL

ARCHITECTURE,TCP/IP,AND
INTERNET-BASED
NEED FOR A PROTOCOL ARCHITECTURE
• Data exchange involves complex procedure
• Better if task is broken into subtask
• Implemented separately in layers of stack
o Each layer provides functional needed to perform
communication for layer
o Using function of layer
• Peer layers communicate with a protocol

Key elements of a protocol


• Syntax: data blocks
• Semantics: control information and error handling
• Timing: speed matching and sequencing
TCP/IP PROTOCOL ARCHITECTURE
Five layers:
• Physical layer
• Network access layer
• Internet layer
• Host-to-host or transport layer
• Application layer
Physical layer
➢Concerned with physical interface between
computer and network.
➢Concerned with issues:
o characteristics of the transmission medium
o signals levels
o data rate
o related matters
Network access layer

➢Concerned with the exchange of data between end


system and attached network.
➢Concerned with issues like:
oDestination address provision
oInvoking specific services like priority
oAccess to and routing data across a network link
between two attached systems
➢Allows layers above a ignore link specifics
Internet layer

➢Routing function across multiple networks


➢For systems attached to different networks
➢Using IP protocol
➢Implemented in end systems and routers
➢Routers connect two networks and relays data
between them
Transport layer

➢Common layer shared by all applications


➢Provides reliable delivery of data in same order
sent
➢Commonly used TCP

Application layer

➢Provides supports for user applications


➢Need a separate module for each type of
applications
Operation of TCP and IP
Protocol Data Units (PDUs) in the TCP/IP Architecture
Header include:
➢ Destination port
➢ Sequence number
➢ Checksum
TCP/IP Applications
➢ Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
➢ File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
➢ TELNET

Protocol Interfaces
OSI model consists of seven
layers:
➢ Application
➢ Presentation
➢ Session
➢ Transport
➢ Network
➢ Data link
➢ Physical
Application Layer
➢ File transfer, access, and management (FTAM)
➢ Mail services
➢ Directory services

Presentation Layer
➢ Translation
➢ Encryption
➢ Compression

Session Layer
➢ Dialog control
➢ Synchronization
Transport Layer
➢ Service-point addressing
➢ Segmentation and reassembly
➢ Connection control
➢ Flow control
➢ Error control

Network Layer
➢ Internetworking
➢ Addressing
➢ Routing
➢ Packetizing
Data-Link Layer
➢ Framing
➢ Physical Addressing
➢ Flow Control
➢ Error Control
➢ Access Control

Physical layer
➢ Line Configuration
➢ Data Transmission
➢ Topology
➢ Signals
Nature of the standardization required at each layer.
Three elements are key:
➢ Protocol specification
➢ Service definition
➢ Addressing
Service Primitives and Parameters
TRADITIONAL INTERNET-BASED APPLICATIONS
➢ Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
➢ File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
➢ TELNET

MULTIMEDA
Multimedia Terminology
➢ Media
➢ Multimedia
➢ Streaming media
Media Types

Multimedia Applications
➢ Multimedia application domains:
➢ Multimedia information systems:
➢ Multimedia communication systems
➢ Multimedia entertainment systems:
➢ Multimedia business systems:
➢ Multimedia educational systems:
Elastic and Inelastic Traffic
1. Elastic traffic
2. Inelastic traffic
The requirements for inelastic traffic:
1. Throughput
2. Delay
3. Delay variation
4. Packet loss
Multimedia Technologies

➢ Compression:
➢ Communications/networking:
➢ Protocols:
➢ Quality of service (QoS):

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