Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CALAPAN CITY

NAME: ______________________________________ DATE: ___________

GRADE AND SECTION: ________________________

NOTE: Write your answer on these activity sheets.

RESEARCH 8 MELC: (Q4/Week 3-4)
 Determine the appropriate statistics for organizing and describing the
numerical data gathered

Specific Objectives:
1. Describe the measures of central tendency and variation
2. Identify the measures of central tendency and variation
3. Compute for the measures of central tendency and variation

OVERVIEW

In the previous module, you were introduced with the kinds of data analysis
which are used to organize and describe the numerical data gathered. They are the
descriptive and correlational data analysis.

The focus of data analysis for Research 8 is DESCRIPTIVE since

correlational data analysis will be discussed thoroughly in Research 9. Descriptive
data analysis includes measure of central tendency and variation. So what is
measure of central tendency and variation? Let’s find out in Activity 1.

Activity 1
What is measure of central tendency and variation?

Directions: Fill the blanks below to come up with the description of measure of
central tendency and variation. Choose your answer from the box
opposite of the statement.

Write the word of choice on the blanks Choose your answer from here…
A measure of central tendency is a set of data value

______________ at the ___________of a center values of the items

_________________. It indicates the different positions

_____________________________ or mean, median or mode

_______________________, serving as

the _____________________________.

Variation (measure of variability), is the value

____________ that gives the amount of spread

_______________________ or the way range or standard deviation

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(Santiago V. Uriarte Memorial National High School)
Canubing I, Calapan City/ [email protected]
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CALAPAN CITY

the _________________. It can be data vary

_________________________________

In your previous module, the ways to measure the central tendency and
variation are already introduced. What are those measures of central tendency and
variation? Do Activity 2.

Activity 2
Match Me!

Directions: Read the descriptions of the ways to measure central tendency and
variation on Column A. Identify which measure of central tendency and
variation is described by choosing from the items in Column B. Choose
the letter of your answer and write on the space before each number.

Column A Column B

Measure of central tendency

_____1. The score the middle of the set of items A. Mean

that cuts or divides the set into two groups B. Median
_____2. It refers to the item or score in the data set C. Mode
that has the most repeated appearance in D. Range
the set E. Standard Deviation
_____3. The average of all the items or scores

Variation

_____4. It shows the extent of the difference of the

data from the mean
_____5. The difference between the highest and the
lowest values in a given set of data

Note:
The measure of central tendency and variation can compute ungrouped or
grouped data. Data are grouped when the number of items or collected data is too
big. But since the number of items or collected data in your scientific study is NOT
TOO BIG, you will only use UNGROUPED DATA.

How to Compute for the Measure of Central Tendency

A. Mean of Ungrouped Data

Canubing National High School

(Santiago V. Uriarte Memorial National High School)
Canubing I, Calapan City/ [email protected]
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CALAPAN CITY

The most commonly used measure of central tendency is the MEAN. Also
known as arithmetic average, it is the sum of the item values divided by the number
of items. Formula: x = Ʃ x where: x is mean, Ʃ x is the sum of the item values,
and
n n is the number of items.

Example:
Five tectonic earthquakes were registered at depth of 250 km, 185 km, 276
km, 97 km and 274 km. What is the mean of the depth of the earthquakes?

Ʃ x – 250 km +185 km +276 km +97 km + 274 km = 1, 082 km

n =5

x = Ʃx 1082 km = 216.4 km
n 5

B. Median of Ungrouped Data

In computing for the median, it is important to remember the following:

1. Arrange first the data in the array of increasing or decreasing order.

2. Take note of the items in the middle position. If there is an odd number of
items, the middle item is the median. If there is an even number of items, the
median is taken as the arithmetic mean of the two values falling in the middle.

Example A:

The amount of substance produced in an experiment everyday using the

replicator machine in a week are as follows:
Day Amount of Substance (in L)
Monday 36
Tuesday 31
Wednesday 24
Thursday 45
Friday 50
Saturday 20
Sunday 56

Arrange (can be increasing or decreasing): 20, 24, 31, 36, 45, 50, 56

Since there are 7 numbers which is odd, the median is 36.

Example B:

The number of washers attracted recorded after testing the improvised

electromagnet for several times are: 36, 31, 24, 25, 50, 47.

Canubing National High School

(Santiago V. Uriarte Memorial National High School)
Canubing I, Calapan City/ [email protected]
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CALAPAN CITY

Arrange (can be increasing or decreasing): 24, 25, 31, 36, 47, 50

Since there are 6 numbers which is even, determine the 2 middle numbers, (31
and 36). The median is the average if 31 and 36. Md = 31 + 36 = 33.5
2

C. Mode for Ungrouped Data

Mode is the item that is most repeated in a set of data. The two main
advantages of mode are: it requires no calculation, just counting and it can be
determined for qualitative as well quantitative data.

Example:

A. The sizes of the 15 cubes used in the experiment in mm3 are:

40, 39, 42, 48, 45, 46, 42, 49, 43, 42, 41, 38, 42, 47

The mode is 42 because it is the measure that occurs the most number of times.

B. The sizes of the 15 marbles used in the experiment in mm3 are:

8, 7, 4, 6, 12, 6, 7, 6, 8, 10, 7, 8, 5, 3, 4

The modes are 6, 7 and 8. The distribution is multimodal.

How to Compute for Variation

A. Range
It is the difference between the highest and the lowest values in a given set of
data. Formula: Range = highest value – lowest value

The amount of substance produced in an experiment everyday using the replicator

machine in a week are as follows:
Day Amount of Substance (in L)
Monday 36
Tuesday 31
Wednesday 24
Thursday 45
Friday 50
Saturday 20
Sunday 56

Highest value 56
Lowest value - 20
36 - range

B. Standard Deviation for Ungrouped Data

This is the measure of the variation of a set of data in terms of the amounts by
which the individual values differ from their mean. It is considered the most stable
measure of spread, and is usually preferred in experimental and research studies.

Canubing National High School

(Santiago V. Uriarte Memorial National High School)
Canubing I, Calapan City/ [email protected]
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CALAPAN CITY

Steps in calculating the standard deviation:

1. Find the mean ( x ¿ .

2. Determine the deviations (d) from the mean (x- x ¿.
3. Square the deviations.
4. Add all squared deviations.
5. Divide the sum by n.
6. Take the square root of the results obtained in step 5.

Formula: s = Ʃd2
n

Step 1: Get the mean: 36 + 31 + 24 + 45 + 50 + 20 + 56 = 262

2
= 37. 43 or 37
Step 2: Construct the table
x d (x- x ¿ d2
Amount of Substance (in (deviation from mean) square of deviation
L)
36 36-37 = -1 (-1) (-1)= 1
31 -6 36
24 -13 169
45 8 64
50 13 169
20 -17 289
56 19 361
2
Ʃd = 1089

Step 3: Substitute in the formula

s= Ʃd2 = 1089 = 155.57 = 12.47

n 7

Activity 3
Computing Measures of Central Tendency and Variation

Directions: Compute for the measures of central tendency and variation of the
following data. Note: You can use calculator.

Canubing National High School

(Santiago V. Uriarte Memorial National High School)
Canubing I, Calapan City/ [email protected]
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CALAPAN CITY

DATA:

The temperature (in degree Celsius) recorded when a substance is exposed

to a source of heat in several trials are as follows:

Trials Temperature (°C)

1 30
2 45
3 50
4 35
5 65
6 75
7 50
8 55
9 60
10 70

Determine the following:

A. Mean - _______________

B. Median- ______________

C. Mode - _______________

D. Range - ______________

E. Standard Deviation- _____________

Note: Use a separate paper for the computation and attached to this activity
sheet upon submission. Don’t forget to write your name on the
computation paper.

The score for computation are the following:

5 4 3 2 1
Mean With total of Only 1 No
the value and indicator is indicator
correct final observed is
answer observed

Canubing National High School

(Santiago V. Uriarte Memorial National High School)
Canubing I, Calapan City/ [email protected]
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CALAPAN CITY

Median With Only 1 No

increasing/dec indicator is indicator
reasing observed is
arrangement observed
and correct
final answer
Mode With
correct
final
answer
Range Shows the Only 1 No
mathematical indicator is indicator
operation of observed is
the difference observed
of the highest
and lowest
value and
correct final
answer
Standard With Only 3 Only 2 Only 1 No
Deviation calculated indicators indicators are indicator is indicator
mean, Data is are observed observed is
shown in the observed observed
table, correct
total of
squared
deviation and
correct final
answer

ASSESSMENT

Direction: Read the following questions and choose the best answer for each. Write
the letter of your answer on the space provided before each number.

_____1. Which measure of central tendency refers to the sum of the item values
divided by the number of items?
A. Mean B. Median C. Mode D. Range
Canubing National High School
(Santiago V. Uriarte Memorial National High School)
Canubing I, Calapan City/ [email protected]
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CALAPAN CITY

_____2. Which measure of variation shows the extent of the difference of the
data from the mean?
A. Mean B. Median C. Standard Deviation D. Range

For numbers 3-5, refer to the following set of data:

The height of the plant observed for 1 month where the height was measured
every week are as follows: Week 0- 8 cm, Week 1 – 10 cm, Week 2 - 11 cm, Week
3 – 13 cm, Week 4 – 15 cm

_____3. What is the mean of the given data?

A. 57 B. 11 C. 11.4 D. 13.5

_____4. What is the median of the given data?

A. 57 B. 11 C. 7 D. 15

_____5. What is the range of the given data?

A. 57 B. 11 C. 7 D. 8

Reference: Bernabe, J. G., Dilao, S. J., Orines, F. B. (2003). Advanced Algebra IV:
Trigonometry and Statistics. Quezon City: JTW Corporation
Company, Inc.

Prepared by:

MA. LAARNI C. CUASAY

Teacher III

ANSWER KEY
1. A
2. C
3. C
4. B
5. C

Canubing National High School

(Santiago V. Uriarte Memorial National High School)
Canubing I, Calapan City/ [email protected]