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Physics Lab #4

The document describes an experiment to investigate radioactive decay and determine the half-life of decay using coins. The procedure involves starting with 260 coins and repeatedly shaking them in a cup to simulate decay, recording the number of 'decayed' and 'undecayed' coins after each trial. A table of results is presented and used to calculate the half-lives after 1st, 2nd and 3rd halves of decay.

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50 views

Physics Lab #4

The document describes an experiment to investigate radioactive decay and determine the half-life of decay using coins. The procedure involves starting with 260 coins and repeatedly shaking them in a cup to simulate decay, recording the number of 'decayed' and 'undecayed' coins after each trial. A table of results is presented and used to calculate the half-lives after 1st, 2nd and 3rd halves of decay.

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Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lab#:4

Date:

Skills Assessed: AI

Title: Refraction of Light

Aim: To investigate the relationship between the angle of incidence and the

corresponding angle of refraction for glass block.

Apparatus: plain paper, protractor, ruler, rectangular glass block, pencil, three optical
pins,pin board, 4 thumb tacks.
Diagrams:

Refraction of Wave through a Glass Block

Procedure: -
1.A sheet of paper was pinned onto a board .

2.The glass block was placed in the middle of the paper and the outline of it was drawn
with a pencil.
3. The protractor was used to draw a normal in the middle of the long side of the block.
4. The intersection of the normal and glass block was labeled as point O.
5. The protractor was used to measure and draw the angles of incidence, i, of 10°, 20°, up
to 60° .The lines were extended to the edge of the paper.
6.Two pins (A and B) were placed upright on the 10o line, so that A was as close to the
block as possible and B was as close to the edge of the paper as possible.
7. Through the glass block of the images of A and B, tilt your head in the position where
the image of B is directly behind the image of A.
8. A pin was placed close to the block so that it appeared to be in line with the images A
and B.
9. A fourth pin D was placed close to the edge of the page, so that it was in line with C
and the images of A and B.
10.The pins were removed and an x was placed over the holes for pins C and D that have
the correct alignment. The block was removed as well.
11. A line was drawn through the pinholes and was extended back to the glass block
(point R). This represented the emergent ray.
12. Point O to point R were connected and drawn in a refracted ray. Arrows on incident
and emergent rays indicating the direction in which the light travels were also drawn.
13. A protractor was used to measure the angle of refraction, θ2, and its corresponding
angle of incidence, θ1 were recorded.
14. The procedure was repeated for all the angles of incidence drawn.

Data Collected: Draw a table showing the values of θ1, θ2, sin θ1 and sin θ2.

TABLE SHOWING THE VALUES OF θ1, θ2, sin θ1 AND sin θ2.
θ1 θ2 sin θ1 sin θ2

10° 5° 0.17 0.09

20° 12° 0.34 0.21

30° 20° 0.5 0.34

40° 28° 0.64 0.47

50° 32° 0.77 0.53

60° 37° 0.87 0.60

a) Plot a graph of sin θ1 (y- axis) against sin θ2 (x- axis)

b) What is the connection between the gradient and the refractive index, n? The gradient

of the graph of sin i against sin r shows how much the light is bent in the denser medium.

This gradient is the value of the refractive index, n of a medium.

c) Use your graph to find the refractive index of glass.

x= 0.35 y=0.50

refractive index= gradient

0.50/0.35= 1.428/ 1.43

d) Does your graph show proportionality? Justify your answer

Yes, the graph is directly proportional as sin θ2 increases so does sin θ1. Also, it goes

through the origin.


e) From your graph, find the value of the angle of refraction when the angle of incidence

is 25°.

36°

f) Given that n =1/sin co, where co is the critical angle of glass, calculate the value of the

critical angle of glass.

Conclusion: To conclude,the sine angle of incidence is directly proportional to the sine

angle of refraction.

Lab: #7

Date

Skill Assessed: ORR

Title: Radioactive Decay

Aim: To Investigate radioactive decay and determine the half life of the decay .
Theory: Radioactive nucleus is unstable and will change on decay once the nucleus

changes, it is no longer the form as it was before. For most radioactive decay, the number

of protons and neutrons in the nuclear nucleus changes resulting in a different nucleus.

The activity will investigate the process using coins.

Apparatus: 260 coin,cup

Procedure:

1. The number of coins present were noted. (n=0; number of undecayed atoms=100)
2. Heads were allowed to represent a decayed atom and tails to represent an
undecayed atom. The coins were placed in the cup and covered with the palm of
my hand.
3. The cup was shaken vigorously then the palm was removed, the coins were then
poured out.
4. The number of heads were put to one side (decay atoms).
5. The undecayed atoms(tails) were placed back into the cup.
6. Steps 3-5 were repeated at least 5 times (until n=6)

Result:
Table showing number of coins remaining against the throw number

Throw number Number of coin remaining

0 260

1 123

2 59

3 33
4 16

5 6

6 2

7 1

8 0

Discussion -

1st half life = number of throws required for coins to be reduced from 260 to 130 = 1.5

2nd half life = number of throws required for remaining coins to be decreased from 130
to 65 = 4. 9

3rd half - number of throws required for remaining coins to be reduced from 65 to 32:
525.4

Conclusion: Coins were used to demonstrate the radioactive decay and the half life of
decayed were determined

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