b.
Block Elements
Electronegativity decreases as move down thegp.
last to enters in p-orbital
coal
Reactivity -
*
·b-Block is from group 13 to group 18. N=
N(N2)
·General Electronic Configuration use up- Elemental Nitrogen highly unreactive
is
because ofits strong trible bond and high
Group-15 Elements (NITROGEN FAMILY
or Pnicogens) bond energy (almost as inert as noble gas
7 252263 white
one I opnosohobusis answersonmeeS
N Nitrogen GaS Peis extremely reactive a
-
kept in water.
0
45245) HYDRIDES
As Arsenic 33 All the elements
of6-15 reacts
- -
Metalloid
51553563 with Hydrogen to four hydrides
3) Antimony
8 the general formula Ets
NH3 PHy ASHy soty Bits
general electronic configuration -
nscups
Arsine Stibine Bismuthine
Bharat Panchal-Chemistry Guruji2.0
⑧ Ammonia Phosphine
PERIODIC TABLE TRENDS ·
N
⑤ Es · ⑤
/12 /I
/11 /1- /I nun
run unn nun nun
Atomic Radi Ionisation Enthalpy
hyb-sp3 Geo-Tetra
decreases shabe
trigonayramidal
-
-Increase
->
hedral
Increases decrease
↓
BASIC STRENGTH
Act as Lewis Base due to
Metallic Character Electronegativity the presence of lone pair oe0
A - At
Be Basic decreases down the gp
->
decrease strength
Increase
->Increase A
AL
STABILITY stability towards Heat
decrease
↓
NH2-4 As down the
we move
Electron
Affinity Increase PH- H
- >
↓ AsH-H group bond length inc
decrease and their stability
SbH-4
towards heat decreases.
Acidic (Oxi. State Bitts-n
Strength &
REDUCING CHARACTER Tendency
constate
to release the
Basic strength
NH2-H down the group reducing
⑦ An
State -
3,+5, +3due to inert
DH2-4
character increases, due to
Asta -
H
increase in bond length and
pair effect) Sb+ -
4
ATOMICITY Bitt-n decrease in thermal stability.
N, is a diatomic gas while others
SOLUBILITY NH, is soluble in water because
tetra atomic solids.
-
are
can
it H Bond with water.
form
ATOMIC RADII increase as we move down the group.
HALIDE All the elements G-15 react with
of
IONISATION ENTUALLY minimum energy required halogen and form halide of the
to general formula EXs and EX5 (exceptN)
remove outermoste0.
possible but alsis
~PCsis
I.E x1 I.E & Effective I.Ex stable not became
at Vadi Nuclear configuration doesn't have
Charge I have vacant while N
d-orbil vacant d-orbital
6C =N 8O I.E, of Nitrogen is higher
25224252249 than oxygen due to stable P + 352363 N -252263
252262
Electronic Conf. Chalf filled)
Anomalous Behaviour is due NaNOs +H2SO-
of Nitrogen UNO, NaHSOx
-
to +
CH+ HS04]
small size High Ionisation Energy
-
-> -
->
High Electronegativity - Absence
of
vacant d-orbital.
Properties of Nitric Acid
DINTROGEN (N2 -N=N) HNOs + H20 ->
NOs +Hy0+
Acid Base Conjugate conjugate
Preparation
-
NHL +NaNOL -
N2+24,0 +NaL Base Acid
(NH)2C207Es N2 +4H20 +Cr2Os
Pure 2NaNy = GNa+JNz (H
Cu+HNO,(dil -> CuNOy +H20 + NO
In +
zide
A
Ba(N3), Ba + 3Nz (4) HNOs(dil-cu(NOx), + H20 +N20
Cu + 4NOs cconc - Cu(NOsIc +
NO2 +H20
Properties -
Cn+ HNDs In
(NO3IntNOn+H2O
Li + N2 * LigN Mg +Nc
->
Mg, Nz cconc ->
Net TH INHs N2+02 -> 2 NO
Is HN0g+
->
HI0, +NO2 +H2O
Bharat Panchal-Chemistry Guruji2.0
⑧.
Px+ HNOs ->
HyPO+ + NO2 +H2O
AMMONIA (NH3)
38 + HNOs ->
H2SO, NOn+H20
+
Haber Process - N2+ 3Hc - CNAs
C +
UNO,
->
COn+NOw +
H
&H =
-461K5/mol
For maximum yield, condition of le-chatelier
Brown Test (test for N0s)
Principle followed Ring Nitrate Ion
is that felt
High Pressure -
200 atm Principle of this test ion can
Mo-Catalytic Promotor festion and Nitrate
Catalyst-FezOs, be oxidised to ion
temp reduced to Nitric Oxide (NO)
->
optimum temp app. 700k
Alternative methods NO,+ FeCt+4H+ - NO +Fe3++ 2H20
2* a
NHCONH2 +2H20 -
(NHacCOs F2NHy +H20 +CO2 [Fe (H20),] + NO -o
[Fe CH20),NOT + H2P
Brown complex.
GNH,4 +CaCOHz -
INHy+CaUnt CH20
ALLOTROPES
(NH4),SO4+9NaOH 2NHs+N92SOn +2HU
a
-
Two or more differentphysical
Bharat Panchal-Chemistry Guruji2.0
⑧.
Properties -
form in which an elementcan exist.
NHy +H0 ->
Nxt + one
Phosphorous
(NHA),SOx InCONz
e n
InSOp +2NHpOn - +
white Por Yellowp Red P
FeCy + NaOH -a Fe0j. CCH20 +NHAL
yellow 5 Red P
white but turn white
·
-
+
CaSt+ 4NHs F [Cu(NHs) 4] on exposure intartil
deep blue for several days.
Ag+ GNHs F [Ay (NH3),] colorless
+
·
Maxy
solid can be Park Red color
cut with knife
·
Brittle Powder
Uses It is used in refrigerators, manufacturing. Garlic odour
·
odourless
ofrayon, HN3, NacOS, Nitrogeneous 2.1
fertilizers.
·
1.84 g/m4
·
g/mL
it is much less
I chemically
NITRIC ACID (HNOs) reactive than white 0]
↳Ostwald Process Tetrahedral Pa Polymeric consistof
ANH, +502 E 4N0+6H0
500K, molecule
9 bar molecule
2 NO,
oraoral
[N0+02
o
->
P
3NO2 +H,0 C4NO, +NO
-
->
Phosphine (PH3) Oxoacids of Phosphorous
is
It prepared by treating phosphorous
white
with Noon in inert atmosphere Phosphoric Acid -
HyPO/ I
PA 3NaOH 3H0 -PHy+ NaHzPOL Corthophosphoric Acid)
on
+ +
not
[sodium Hypophosphite]
R Bharat Panchal-Chemistry Guruji2.0
⑧. i [Tribasic Acid]
P Acid
CayP2 + H20 -
PH3 +CaCOnc 43PO, Phosphorous
n 'Onon * (orthophosphorous Acid)
CayPa +HL ->PHy +CaCl IDibasic Acid]
C. Phosphine has impurities due which
to Hypophosphorous i
-
P smonobasic
it becomes inflammable. It is purified from Acid Acids
n
n
impurities by passing HI
------------
PH15+KON -- KI +H Hypophosphoric Pyrobhosphoris
Our Phosphine Acid Acid
Ron
>
PHy+HBr-PHyBr (Phy HAP206 H1P207
CUSOATPHy -
CryPa+H2SO4 00
P
- used as
HgCa +PHy
smoke screen
->
in
4g,P2+ YU
warfare
no on
-b
bon -oron
->
used as HOLME'S SIGNAL.. Tetrabasic Tetrabasic
- . . . . . .
PHOSPHOROUS HALIDES Metaphosphoric Cyclometa phosphoric
Acid Acid
↳
* (pentanalide)
(Tribalide)
PC5 UPO (POSIs
PC3 C O
II
P
10-
b
N
0-on
⑯ a =
no! = o
nor
↳ !
P-
dar
-
Two axial bond and -on
three equatorial bond. Polymetaphosphoric Acid.
(400sn
Px+ 6C2-PUy PA+ 1042 -
PH5
&
Pls + H20 PUs+H20 -HyPO
-HsPI on O Or
11
o/P -O -----or
Hu +
I
R-OH +PLy + R-C R-ON + P45-R-C+ POL
+
HyPOs -
R-COOK + PC -
R-COC + HyPOs R-COOn +P45 ->
+
H4
R-4 Ind On !
+
POU,+HU
GPUs is covalentin gaseous state but
getchanged in ionic compound in solid
state because of complex cation and complex
anion
2045 ->
TPU+]
+
[PU]O
Square Bibyramidal Tetrahedral octahedral
