KYAMBOGO UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AND BUILDING
ENGINEERING
BSc in civil and Environmental engineering year 3.
TCBE 3102 Hydraulics and Hydraulic structures.
Submission deadline: 2023 May 30th at 5:00Pm.
Submit softcopy to [email protected]

Question 1
a) Two reservoirs are connected together by a pipeline which is 200 mm in diameter and 2000 m
long for which the friction factor, f, is constant and equal to 0.0045. The head difference
between the reservoirs is 25 m and remains constant. Under these conditions determine the
flow in the pipeline. Minor losses can be ignored; however, the rejected kinetic energy should
be taken into account.
b) Halfway along the pipeline there is a small fire hydrant which requires a minimum flow of 7.5
ℓ/s and minimum pressure of 10 kN/m2 above atmospheric. Determine whether or not the
pipeline is able to satisfy these conditions and if so, what will be the flow downstream of the
hydrant when it is in use. Assume that the level of the hydrant is 15 m below top water level
of the upstream reservoir. In this case all minor losses and rejected kinetic energy can be
ignored
Question 2
a) A slightly rough brick-lined trapezoidal channel (n = 0.017) carrying a discharge of Q =
25 m3/sec is to have a longitudinal slope of S0 = 0.0004. Analyse the proportions of,
i) An efficient trapezoidal channel section having a side of 1.5 horizontal: 1 vertical.
ii) the most efficient-channel section of trapezoidal shape.
b) Water flows at a rate of 1.1 m3/s along a rectangular channel which is 1.5m wide. The bed
slope of the channel is 1 in 100 and the Chezy C is 25 in SI units. Determine the following:
(i) The normal depth
(ii) The critical depth
(iii) Classify the flow

R1 6
The relationship between the Chezy C and Manning’s n is given by C =
n
Question 3
a) Reservoirs A, B and C have constant water levels of 150, 120, and 90 m respectively. A
300 mm pipe, 1600 m long, leaves A and runs to J at elevation 137 m. Here it divides into

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 a 200 mm pipe, 1600 m long leading to B and a 150 mm pipe, 2400 m long leading to C.
Ignore local head losses and assume f = 0.005 in all pipes. Calculate
i. Flow in each pipe.
ii. The pressure reading of a bourdon pressure gauge attached to the junction J.
b) A single uniform pipe joins two reservoirs. Calculate the percentage increase of flow rate
obtainable if, from the midpoint of this pipe, another of the same diameter is added in
parallel to it. Neglect all losses except pipe friction and assume a constant and equal for
both pipes f.
Question 4
a) Water is being pumped from a reservoir (elevation = 111.0 m) to the top of a hill (elevation
= 150.2 m), where it is discharged, using a delivery pipe of 915 m length and 500 mm
diameter. The pump, which is 70 % efficient, is rated at 150 kW. Find the flow rate at
which water is being discharged from the pipe. Neglecting minor losses, take f = 0.018.
b) Water flows at a rate of 0.04 m3/s in a 0.12 m diameter horizontal pipe that contains sudden
contraction to 0.06 m diameter pipe (KL = 0.4). Determine the pressure drop across the
contraction section. How much of this pressure difference is due to energy losses and how
much is due to kinetic energy change?
c) A pump is required to supply water to a header tank through a 50 mm diameter pipe which
is 100 m long and has a Darcy f equal to 0.006. It is necessary to have a continuous record
of flow in the pipe therefore an orifice gauge is included which causes a head loss of where
Vp is the velocity in the pipe. The static lift between the pump well and the header tank is
40 m. The relationship between head, H, and flow, Q, for the pump is given by the
following equation

𝑯𝒑𝒖𝒎𝒑 = 𝟒𝟓 + 𝟐𝟕. 𝟒𝑸 − 𝟔𝟎𝟎. 𝟕𝑸𝟐

Q in m3/s and H in meters.
Determine the flow in the pipeline under these conditions.
Question 5
a) Two reservoirs in which their water elevations are 180m and 150m respectively are
connected by a pipe 3000m long, 600mm diameter and friction factor 0.00625. The
elevation of the ground along the pipeline is given in the table below.

Distance (m) 0 150 300 1800 3000

Elevation (m) 175 165 190 140 147

Assuming a rounded inlet (KL = 0) and an abrupt outlet (KL = 0.5),

i) calculated the discharge
ii) Find the maximum depth of the pipeline below ground if the absolute pressure therein is
not to fall below 3m of water.
iii) Draw to scale on graph paper (excel) the ground level, pipeline level, energy and hydraulic
grade lines for a suitable pipeline. Take atmospheric pressure to be 10m of water.

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