Project Report on
TESLA COIL
Submitted by:
Bhavya 102303560
Avni Gupta 102303565
Nupur Chawla 102305052
Sneha Chatrath 102319063
Sanya Narula 102303556
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
1. Acknowledgement
2. Working
3. Principle
4. Oscillation Frequency
5. Components Required
6. Components
7. Circuit Diagram
8. Precautions
9. Advantages and Disadvantages
10. Applications
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express our greatest gratitude to all those
who directly or indirectly helped and supported us
throughout the project.
Firstly, I am highly indebted to my physics teacher Mrs.
Preeti Mam for his guidance and constant supervision as
well as for providing necessary information regarding the
project and for giving us a chance to work on this project.
We also thank our parents who gave their ideas and inputs
in making this project. Most of all we thank our college
management for providing us the facilities and opportunity
to do this project.
WORKING
Definition: A Tesla coil is a radio frequency oscillator that drives
the air-core double-tuned resonant transformer to produce high
voltages with low currents.
This coil uses a specialized transformer called a resonant transformer,
a radio-frequency transformer, or an oscillation transformer.
The primary coil is connected to the power source and the secondary
coil of a transformer is coupled loosely to ensure that it resonates. The
capacitor connected in parallel with the transformer circuit acts as a
tuning circuit or an LC circuit to generate signals at a specific
frequency.
The primary of the transformer, otherwise referred to as a resonant
transformer steps up to generate very high levels of voltage ranging
between 2kv to 30 kV, which in turn charges the capacitor. With the
accumulation of massive amounts of charge in the capacitor,
eventually, breaks down the air of the spark gap. The capacitor emits a
huge amount of current through the Tesla Coil (L1, L2), which in turn
generates a high voltage at the output.
PRINCIPLE
This coil has the ability to produce output voltages up to
several million volts based upon the size of the coil. The
Tesla coil works on a principle to achieve a condition
called resonance. Here, the primary coil emits huge
amounts of current into the secondary coil to drive the
secondary circuit with maximum energy. The fine-tuned
circuit helps to shoot the current from primary to secondary
circuit at a tuned resonant frequency.
Oscillation Frequency
The combination of a capacitor and primary winding ‘L1’ of the circuit
forms a tuned circuit. This tuned circuit ensures that both primary and
secondary circuits are finely tuned to resonate at the same frequency.
The resonant frequencies of the primary ‘f1’ and secondary circuits ‘f2’
and are given by,
f1=1/2π√L1C1 and f2=1/2π√L2C2
As the secondary circuit cannot be adjusted, the moveable tap on ‘L1’
is used to tune the primary circuit till both the circuits resonate at the
same frequency. Therefore, the frequency of the primary is the same
as the secondary.
f = 1/2π√L1C1 =1/2π√L2C2
The condition for primary and secondary to resonate at the same
frequency is,
L1C1= L2C2
The output voltage in the resonant transformer does not depend on
the number-of-turns ratio as in ordinary transformer. As soon as the
cycle begins and as the spar sets up, the primary circuit’s energy is
stored in the primary capacitor ‘C1’ and the voltage at which the spark
breaks down is ‘V1’.
W1=1/2C1V12
Similarly, the energy at the secondary coil is given by,
W2=1/2C2V22
Assuming there is no loss of energy, W2 = W1. Simplifying the above
equation, we get
V2 = V1√C1/C2 = V1√L2/L1
In the above equation, the peak voltage can be achieved when air
breaks down do not occur. The peak voltage is the voltage at which the
air breaks down and begins to conduct.
COMPONENTS
REQUIRED
Resistor
Transistor
Copper wire
Connector battery
COMPONENTS
1. NE555 IC:
Here the NE555 timer acts as a monostable
multivibrator. A monostable multivibrator (MMV)
often called a one-shot multivibrator, is a pulse
generator circuit in which the duration of the pulse is
determined by the R-C network, connected externally
to the555 timers. In such a vibrator, one state of
output is stable while the other is quasi-stable
(unstable). For auto-triggering of output from a quasi-
stable state to a stable state, energy is stored by an
externally connected capaci-tor to a reference level.
The time taken in storage determines the pulse width.
2. SPEAKER:
A speaker is an audio signalling device, which may be
mechanical or electromechanical.
3. Battery:
An electric battery is device consisting of two or more
electrochemical cells that convert stored chemical
energy into electrical energy. Each cell contains
positive terminal (cathode) and negative terminal
(anode).
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
PRECAUTIONS
Do all connections carefully.
Do not scratch copper wire while
making loop.
Keep yourself from high voltage.
ADVANTAGES
Allows uniform distribution of voltage throughout the winding
coils.
Builds up the voltage at a slow pace and hence no damage.
Great performance.
The use of 3-phase rectifiers for higher powers can offer
tremendous load sharing.
DISADVANTAGES
Tesla coil poses several health hazards due to high voltage radio
frequency emission that includes skin burn, damage to the
nervous system and heart.
Involves high costs in buying large DC smoothing capacitor.
Construction of circuit consumes much time as it needs to be
perfect to resonate
APPLICATIONS
Aluminum welding
Cars use these coils for the spark plug ignition
Created Tesla coil fans, used to generate artificial lighting,
sounds like music Tesla coils in Entertainment and Education
industry are used as attractions at electronics fairs and science
museums
High vacuum systems and arc lighters
Vacuum system leak detectors
