វទ្យាស្ថ

ិ ិ គច្េច្ោសសនបាេ់ដំបង
ា នពហុបច្ចេកច្ទ្យសភូមភា ច្ដបា៉ាេឺមង
៉ា អ
់ គគិសនី

Transmission line:

1> PaBTUeTAénbNþajfamBlGKÁisnI ³
Substation for power
Power station Primary substation Secondary substation distributing

Transmission lines Transmission lines Transmission lines Distribution

lines

Fig.1.1 Example of a Transmission System

IPP2
K.SPEU

Ｇ GS1

GS3
Ｇ

KIRIROM Ｇ GS2
Ｇ CEP

KEP
Ｇ

Fig. 1.2 Cambodian Transmission System Diagram

bNþajfamBlGKÁisnIpSMeLIgedayEpñksMxan; ²dUcteTA ³
- eragcRkGKÁsi nI (Power Plant)
- bNþajbBa¢nÚ GKÁsi nI (Transmission line)
- GnusßanIy_ (Substation)
រ ៀបរ ៀងរោយ រោកគ្រូ របវ ចន្ថន្ -1- Transmission Line
វទ្យាស្ថ
ិ ិ គច្េច្ោសសនបាេ់ដំបង
ា នពហុបច្ចេកច្ទ្យសភូមភា ច្ដបា៉ាេឺមង
៉ា អ
់ គគិសនី

- bNþajEckcay (Distribution)

1>1 eragcRkGKÁisnI (Power Plant)

eragcRkGKÁsi nICaRbePTdUcCa ³
• eragcRkedIredaycMhay (Steam power plant):

• Nuclear power plant

• Hydro electric power plant
• Gas power plant
• Solar power plant
• Wind power plant
• Biomass
• Biogas

1>2 bNþajbBa¢ÚnGKÁisnI (Transmission line)

eRkayBIkarplitfamBlGKÁisnI edaysareragcRkGKÁsi nI vaRtUv)anbBa¢ÚntambNþajGKÁisnI

eTAbnÞúkeRbIR)as;EdlbNþajenHRtUv)anEckecjCaBIrEpñkFM²³
- bNþajbBa¢ÚnGKÁisnI (Transmission line)
- bNþajEckcayGKÁisnI (Distribution line)
bNþajbBa¢nÚ GKÁisnImantYnaTI bBa¢nÚ famBlGKÁisnItamkMrti tg;süúgx<s; eTAbnÞkú eRbIR)as;
EdlmancMgayq¶ay. tg;süúgGKÁsi nIeRbIenAelIbNþajbBa¢ÚnenH GaRs½yeTAelIcMgayénbnÞúkeRbIR)as;.
vamanRbePTtg;süúg 115kV , 230kV , 275kV , 345kV, 500kV, 750kV..............
1>3 GnusßanIy_GKÁisnI (Substation)
GnusßanIy_GKÁisnIKW CacMnucsMrab;EbgEckTVacrnþ eTAtamkMrittg;süúgeRbIR)as; EdlenA
kñúgenaH)aneRbIR)as;]bkrN_mYy cMnYndUcCa ³
• Transformer, Circuit Breaker, siucsUn½y, lightning arrestor, pole (Steel Tower)

Measurement transformer........ ExSkarBarrnÞ³ Bus bar

• ka) a:sIT
u ½r
1>4 bNþajEckcayfamBlGKÁisnI ³
រ ៀបរ ៀងរោយ រោកគ្រូ របវ ចន្ថន្ -2- Transmission Line
វទ្យាស្ថ
ិ ិ គច្េច្ោសសនបាេ់ដំបង
ា នពហុបច្ចេកច្ទ្យសភូមភា ច្ដបា៉ាេឺមង
៉ា អ
់ គគិសនី

bNþajEckcayfamBlGKÁisnImanTMrg;dUcxageRkam ³
CaTUeTAeKEck TMrg;bNþajGKÁsi nIdUcxageRkam ³
1> bNþajr:adü:al; (Radial line)

KMnUsbMRBYj

❖ KuNsm,tþi ³
KMnUsbMRBYjmanlkçN³samBaØ bnÞúkeRbIR) as; nimYy²)anTTYlkarpÁt;pgÁ ; edayELk²BIKña.
❖ KuNvibtþi ³
- mantMéléføkñgú karsagsg;
- bnÞkú eRbIR)as;nimYy² Gac)at;bg;karpÁt;pÁg; ebIsinCabNþajmankarqøgePøgI
- GaceRbIR)as;)ancMeBaH bnÞúkeRbIR)as;RbePTTI 3
2>bNþajm:aKIRsþal; ³
KMnUsbMRBYj

❖ KuNsm,tþi ³
- GacpÁt;pÁg;bnÞúkeRbIR)as;)aneRcIn
- R)ak;cMNayelIkarsagsg;mantMélefak
❖ KuNvibtþi ³

រ ៀបរ ៀងរោយ រោកគ្រូ របវ ចន្ថន្ -3- Transmission Line

វទ្យាស្ថ
ិ ិ គច្េច្ោសសនបាេ់ដំបង
ា នពហុបច្ចេកច្ទ្យសភូមភា ច្ដបា៉ាេឺមង
៉ា អ
់ គគិសនី

- minGacFanakñúgkarpÁt;pÁg;eTAbnÞúkeRbIR)as; ebIsinCamankarqøgePøgI enAelIbNþaj

3>bNþajkg ³
KMnUsbMRBYj

❖ KuNsm,tþi ³
- manlT§PaBeRcInkñúgkarpÁt;pÁg;dl;bnÞkú eRbIR)as;
- FanaKuNPaBkñúgkarpÁt;pÁg;famBlGKÁsi nI
❖ KuNvibtþi ³
- KMnUsbMRBYjtamGnusßanIy_nimyY ² manlkçN³sµúksµaj
- cMNayR)ak;eRcInelIkardak;]bkrN_karBarbNþaj

bBaðasMxan;² kñúgkarKNnabNþajGKÁsi nItg;süúgx<s; ³

enAelIbNþajbBa¢nÚ GKÁisnI eKEbgEckCa)a:ra:Em:Rt BIrRbePTKW ):ar:aEm:RtbNþajGKÁisnI nig):ar:aEm:Rt
Rtg;sÚVr.
- ):ar:aEm:RtbNþajGKÁsi nI EdlkñúgenaHmantMélersIusþg;énbNþajGKÁisnI R , X , Q
L L c

ka)a:stIu g; kugDuctg;rbs;ExSbeNþajGKÁsi nI tg;süúgenAtamcMnucExñgnimYy² énbnÞúkeRbIR)as; nig

lMhUrGanuPaB (Power flow) EdlbBa¢ÚnBIcMnucbnÞkú mYyeTAcMnucbnÞúkmYyeTottamry³ExSbNþaj.
- KMnUsbMRBYjCMnsY énbNþajbBa¢ÚnfamBlGKÁisnI ³
I

1¼ KMnUsbMRBYjTUeTA (General diagram)

A ZLA1 1 ZL12 2

SL1 SL2
KMnUsbMRBYjCMnYs
រ ៀបរ ៀងរោយ រោកគ្រូ របវ ចន្ថន្ -4- Transmission Line
វទ្យាស្ថ
ិ ិ គច្េច្ោសសនបាេ់ដំបង
ា នពហុបច្ចេកច្ទ្យសភូមភា ច្ដបា៉ាេឺមង
៉ា អ
់ គគិសនី

A R X 1 R X
2

GA1 B A1
SL1 SL2
2 2 G12 B12 B12
GA1 B A1 G12
2 2 2 2 2 2

Edl³ RlersIusþgé; nbNþajGKÁisnI ()

X er:Gak;tg;énbNþajGKÁisnI ()
l

b ka)a:stIu g; énbNþajGKÁisnI (1)

g kugDuctg; énbNþajGKÁsi nI (1)
➢ Note: cMeBaHbNþajGKÁs
i nIEdlmantg;süúg U  220kV n

TMrg;bNþajmanlkçN³dUcxageRkam³
Z AB = RAB + jX AB
A B

G AB B AB G AB B AB
2 2 2 2

❖ cMeBaHbNþaj U n = 110 kV

Z AB = RAB + jX AB
A B

B B
2 2

រ ៀបរ ៀងរោយ រោកគ្រូ របវ ចន្ថន្ -5- Transmission Line

វទ្យាស្ថ
ិ ិ គច្េច្ោសសនបាេ់ដំបង
ា នពហុបច្ចេកច្ទ្យសភូមភា ច្ដបា៉ាេឺមង
៉ា អ
់ គគិសនី

cMeBaHbNþaj U n  35kV

 AB = RAB + jX AB
A B

2> \T§iBlénsItuNPð aBeTAelIersIusþg;yfaRbePT (Per Unit Length)

rUbmnþxagelIGnuvtþcMeBaHersIsu þg;énExScMlg EdlmansItuNPð aBFmµta 20 oC kñúgkrNIEdl
eyIgeRbI bNþajkñúgsItuNðPaBmYyepSgeTot.
tMélersIusþg;rbs;vaRtUv)anKNnatamrUbmnþxageRkam ³
rt = ro 20o C (1 + t )
Edl
t = t − 20o C
rt ersIusþgé; nExScMlgenAsItuNPð aB t c
o

ro 20o C ersIusþgé; nExScMlgenAsItuNPð aB 20 C o

 emKuNsItuNðPaBénExScMlgenAsItuNðPaB 20oC

tarag 2>1 ersIsu ÞvI Iet nig emKuNsItuNðPaBénExScMlg

RbePTelah³énExScMlg ersIusvÞI IeténExScMlg emKuNsItuNðPaBenA 20oC

R)ak; Ag 1.59×10-8 0,0038

Tg;Edg Cu 1.72×10-8 0,00382

GaluymIj:mÚ Al 2.83×10-8 0,0039

Edk Fe 10.0×10-8 0,0038

EdkEfb 12.0-88.0×10-8 0,001/0,005

3> tMélersIusþg;énbNþajGKÁsi nI ³

រ ៀបរ ៀងរោយ រោកគ្រូ របវ ចន្ថន្ -6- Transmission Line

វទ្យាស្ថ
ិ ិ គច្េច្ោសសនបាេ់ដំបង
ា នពហុបច្ចេកច្ទ្យសភូមភា ច្ដបា៉ាេឺមង
៉ា អ
់ គគិសនី

CaTUeTAtMél r yfaRbePTRtUv)aneRCIsykecjBIesovePACMnyY sµartI tMélersIusþg;énbNþaj

o

GKÁsi nIesµI ³

r KitCa   ,  KitCa (km ) , n cMnYnExS
r
R= o
, o 
n   km 

II- tMéler:Gak;tg;énbNþajGKÁisnI ( X ) ³ 

tMéler:Gak;tg;yfaRbePT
tMél (X ) yfaRbePTRtUv)anKNnatamrUbmnþ ³
0

Dmoy 
xo = 0.1445  g + 0.0157 
r  km 

rW 2D
xo = 0.1445  g moy + 0.0157( )
df km

Edl r kaMénExScMlg
df Ggát;p©iténExScMlg
Dmoy cMgaymFümrvagExScMlgnimYy²
kartMeLIg Capáay kartMeLIg CaRtIekaN

D1 D2 D1
D3

D3
D2
cMgaymFümrvagExScMlgnimYy²RtUv)anKNnatamrUbmnþxageRkam
Dmoy = 3 D1  D2  D3

- tMélersIsu þg;énbNþajGKÁsi nI ³
III

ersIsu þg;yfaRbePT (r ) ³ o

tMélersIusþg;yfaRbePT KWCatMélEdlKitelIRbEvgExSkñúg 1km CaTUeTAvaRtUv)anKNna

tamrUbmnþ

ro = 
s

រ ៀបរ ៀងរោយ រោកគ្រូ របវ ចន្ថន្ -7- Transmission Line

 វទ្យាស្ថ
ិ ិ គច្េច្ោសសនបាេ់ដំបង
ា នពហុបច្ចេកច្ទ្យសភូមភា ច្ដបា៉ាេឺមង
៉ា អ
់ គគិសនី


Edl ro ersIusþgE; xScMlg 
 km 


 RbEvgExS;clM g (m)
S muxkat;ExScMlg (mm )2

 ersIusvÞI Iet ExScMlg (m)

GaRs½yeTAtammuxkat;ExScMlgnimYy² tMélerGak;tg;énbNþajGKÁsi nIesµInwg
X =
L
0 x .
n
X L. er:Gak;tg;bNþajGKÁsi nI (Ω)


x o
er:Gak;tg;yfaRbePT  / Km
 RbEvgbNþajGKÁsi nI (km)
n  cMnYnExSbNþajGKÁsi nI kñúgmYyhaV
IV> viFp
I øas;bþÚrTItaMgExScMlg ³
edIm,IpÁt;pgÁ ;famBlGKÁisnIdl;bnÞúkeRbIR)as;EdlcMgayelIsBI 100 km cMeBaHtg;süúg U 115kV n≥

eK)aneRbInUvviFIpøas;bþrÚ TItaMgénExScMlgedIm,Ikat;bnßyEdneGLicRtUma:ej:TicGKÁisnIEdlnaM
eGayekItmanka)a:sIutg;rvagExScMlg nig rvagExScMlgnigdI karbþÚrTItaMgExScMlg KWbgðajdUcKMnUs
bMRBYjxageRkam ³
A B B C C A A
A

B B C C A A B B
C C A A B B C
C

(30 -40 )km (30 -40 )km (30 -40 )km (30 -40 )km

V. ka)a:sIutg;rbs;ExScMlg (Capacitance)

រ ៀបរ ៀងរោយ រោកគ្រូ របវ ចន្ថន្ -8- Transmission Line

វទ្យាស្ថ
ិ ិ គច្េច្ោសសនបាេ់ដំបង
ា នពហុបច្ចេកច្ទ្យសភូមភា ច្ដបា៉ាេឺមង
៉ា អ
់ គគិសនី

ka)a:sutI g;rbs;bNþajRtUv)anekIteLIg eday\T§iBlénEdneGLicRkUma:ej:TicBIExShVamYyeTA

hVamYy nwgBIhVamYyeTAdI. tMélka)a:suItg;yfaRbePT (b ) RtUv)anKNnatamrUbmnþ ³
o

7.58  1 
b0 = .10 −6 
g
Dmoy  km 
r
tMélka):asIutg;énbNþajGKÁisnIesµI ³
1
b = ne .bo .  


b KitCa (1  )
ne cMnYnExSkñgú mYyhaVa
 RbEvgExS KitCa km

tMélcrnþka)a:sIutg;esµInig ³
U n .bo .
Ic =
3

Ic → A
bo → 1
km
 → km

GanuPaBGskmµEdlekIteLIgedayka)a:sIuT½resµI ³
Z AB

QC AB QC AB
2 2

QC b
= U n2  ne  0  l
2 2
Edl
រ ៀបរ ៀងរោយ រោកគ្រូ របវ ចន្ថន្ -9- Transmission Line
វទ្យាស្ថ
ិ ិ គច្េច្ោសសនបាេ់ដំបង
ា នពហុបច្ចេកច្ទ្យសភូមភា ច្ដបា៉ាេឺមង
៉ា អ
់ គគិសនី

Qc GanuPaBGskmµekIteLIgeTAelIbNþaj [kVAR]
bo ka)a:sItu g;yfaRbePT
 RbEvgbNþaj

VI kugDuctg;rbs;ExSbNþaj ³ Conductance (G)

cMeBaHbNþajGKÁsi nIEdlmantg;süúgFMCag 110kV vaekItman\T§iVBlmYyeQµaHfa\T§Bi l
Corona effect ¬sñwmelIExS¦EdleFVIeGaymankar)at;bg;famBltictYcelIExScMlg edaysarvaman

kugDúctg;ExS.
tMél (G) yfaRbePT RtUv)anKNnatamrUbmnþxageRkam
P - kMhatGanuPaBskmµelIExScMlgyfaRbePT kw km
p
G= G
,
2 G
U n

cMeBaHbNþajGKÁsi nI U n = 230kV tMél PG -

= 2 3 kW/km

lMhat;TI1
bNþajGakasmantg;süúg U = 110 kV nig manRbEvg  = 100km bNþajenHtMeLIg
n

edayExScMlg RbePT AAC.240 22 Edlman)ar:aEm:Rt r = 0.12  km ExScMlgenHRtUv)ano

tMeLIgCarag  EdlcMgay BIExSmYyeTAExScMlgmYy D = 1.5m Ggát;p©itrbs;ExScMlg

D = 31 .5mm .
f

KNnatMél R , X , b , Q
l l l C
2

រ ៀបរ ៀងរោយ រោកគ្រូ របវ ចន្ថន្ - 10 - Transmission Line

វទ្យាស្ថ
ិ ិ គច្េច្ោសសនបាេ់ដំបង
ា នពហុបច្ចេកច្ទ្យសភូមភា ច្ដបា៉ាេឺមង
៉ា អ
់ គគិសនី

lMhat;TI2
KNna)ar:aEm:RtyfaRbePTénbNþajGakas 2 line/phase Edlman U n = 110 kV

manmuxkat;ExS cMlgRbePT AC.150 24 dak;enAelIbegÁalEdlmanTMrg;dUcxageRkam ³

A B C

DAB DBC
DAB=DBC=4m

DAC

edaybNþajmanRbEvg 80km bnÞat;p©iténExScMlgnimYy² d f = 17 .1mm nigersIsu þg;yfa

RbePT r = 0.198 km . KNnatMél R , X , Q
o l L c
2

viFIKNnaGanuPaBbnÞkú eRbIR)as;
I. niymn½y ³
karKNnaGanuPaBrbs;bnÞúkeRbIR)as;RtUv)anGnuvtþeTAtamrUbmnþ dUcxageRkam ³
.
S = V .I  = V .Ie ju − ji = VIe j (u −i )
= S .e j = S .Cos + jS .Sin
 S = P + jQ
ZL
Ss

SL
.
j
S = S .e = P + jQ
2
SL = +Q
2
P L L

រ ៀបរ ៀងរោយ រោកគ្រូ របវ ចន្ថន្ - 11 - Transmission Line

វទ្យាស្ថ
ិ ិ គច្េច្ោសសនបាេ់ដំបង
ា នពហុបច្ចេកច្ទ្យសភូមភា ច្ដបា៉ាេឺមង
៉ា អ
់ គគិសនី

QL P
tg = ; Cos = L
PL SL

S L − Power(kVA)
PL − Active − power (kW )
QL − Re active − power (kVAR)
➢ kñgú krNIGanuPaB mansBaØa (+) cMeBaHGanuPaBGskmµ KWCabnÞkú eRbIR)as; RbePTlMenAdæan
shRKas]sSahkmµ m:UTr½ GasaMgRkUn nig Rtg;sVÚrCaedIm.
➢ kñúgkrNIGnuPaB mansBaØa (-) cMeBaHGanuPaBGskmµeRbIR)as; KWCaRbePT Battery kMub:g;saT½r rW
Capacitor bank or Synchronous Motor.

➢ bnÞkú eRbIR)as;shRKas]sSahkmµ rWenAtamGnusßanIy_GKÁsi nInimY²manTMrg;dUcxageRkam ³

U1 U 2 U 3

SL

PL1 + jQL1 PL2 + jQL2 PL3 + jQL3

edayminKitBIkhM atGanuPaBelIbNþaj S esµsI Unü.

S L
( ) (
=  PLi + j  QLi = PL1 + PL2 + PL3 + j QL1 + QL2 + QL3 )

II.karKNnakMhatGanuPaB nig kMhattg;süúgenAelIbNþaj ³

2. 1- karKNnakMhattg;süúg ³

karKNnatg;süúgRtUv)aneFIVeLIgEtelIhVamYybu:eNÑaH edaysnµt;fabNþajGKÁisnImanlkçN³
Ca RbB½nm§ anlMnwg ¬sIuemRTI¦.

រ ៀបរ ៀងរោយ រោកគ្រូ របវ ចន្ថន្ - 12 - Transmission Line

វទ្យាស្ថ
ិ ិ គច្េច្ោសសនបាេ់ដំបង
ា នពហុបច្ចេកច្ទ្យសភូមភា ច្ដបា៉ាេឺមង
៉ា អ
់ គគិសនី

KMnUsbMRBYjbgðajBIbNþajGKÁsi nImanTMrg;dUcxageRkam ³
- cMeBaHbNþajtg;süúg U  35kV nom
U1 R X U 2

S L = PL1 + jQ L1

- cMeBaHbNþajtg;süúg U nom = 110  115kV

X12 U 2
U1 1 R12
2
SA S '12 S12
Q
j C12 QC12
2 j PL2 + jQL2
2

- cMeBaHbNþajtg;süúg U nom  230kV

R12 X12
1 2
S '12 S12
G12
G12
2 QC12 QC12 SL2 = PL2 + jQL2
j 2 j
2 2

U1 ,U 2 tg;süúglIjenAxagedIm nig xagcugExS [kV]

S12' lMhUrGanuPaBenAEpñkedImExS [kVA]
S12'' lMhUrGanuPaBEpñkxagcugExS [kVA]
Cos1 , Cos2 ktþaGanuPaBenAcug nig edImExS
Z ij = Rij + jX ij . GaMeb:dg;enAelIEpñknimYy²énbNþajGKÁisnI
- KNnatMél U 2 & S1' .2

ebIeKdwg U1 & S 2

រ ៀបរ ៀងរោយ រោកគ្រូ របវ ចន្ថន្ - 13 - Transmission Line

វទ្យាស្ថ
ិ ិ គច្េច្ោសសនបាេ់ដំបង
ា នពហុបច្ចេកច្ទ្យសភូមភា ច្ដបា៉ាេឺមង
៉ា អ
់ គគិសនី

U1 R x U2
I
S1 S’12 ΔS12 S’’12 S2

vicu T½réndüaRkaméntg;süúgpas ³
c

U 1 kMhattg;süúgGskmµ
U
Iz
Ix
1 a f
0
2 2 d
U2
IR b
I
u
e kMhattg;süúgskmµ

• oa KWCaviucT½rtg;süúg U 2

• crnþ I enAedImExSmanmMKu Mlatpas  CamYy U 2 2

• kMhattg;süúgenAelIersIs u þg; ab = IR
• kMhattg;süúgelI GaMgDuctg;ExS bc = Ix manmMuKMlatpas 90 CamYycrnþ o

• tg;süúgpasenAedImExS U = OC )anbegát I mMKu Mlatpas φ CamYycrnþ

1 1

u T½r ac = U − U = ZI Tnøak;tg;süúgenAelIbNþaj ¬plsgénviucT½r¦

• vic 1 2

• plsgBiCKNit ac = U − U CakMhattg;süúg 1 2

➢ U1 RtUv)anKNnatamrUbmnþxageRkam ³

U1 = (oa + ad )2 + cd 2 = (U 2 + U )2 + U 2
រ ៀបរ ៀងរោយ រោកគ្រូ របវ ចន្ថន្ - 14 - Transmission Line
វទ្យាស្ថ
ិ ិ គច្េច្ោសសនបាេ់ដំបង
ា នពហុបច្ចេកច្ទ្យសភូមភា ច្ដបា៉ាេឺមង
៉ា អ
់ គគិសនី

or U1 = U 2 + U + jU

Edl U kMhattg;süúgskmµ

= ad = af + fd = IRCos2 + IXSin2
U kMhattg;süúgGsmkµ
= cd = ce − de = IXCos2 − IRSin2
• tg;süúglIjbNþajesµIKña

U1 = (U 2 + U )2 + U 2 (1)

rW U1 = U 2 + U + jU
Edl U = 3 (IRCos  2 + IXSin 2 ) (2)
U = 3 ( IXCos 2 − IRSin 2 ) (3)

➢ mMuKMlatpasrvag U1 & U 2 esµInwg

U
1 = tan −1
U 2 + U 2

➢ ebIsinGanuPaBenAcugExSRtUv)ankMNt;
S2 = P2 + jQ2 eK)an
S2 S  Cos P2
I= , Ia = 2 =
3U 2 3U 2 3U 2
S 2  Sin Q2
Ir = =
3U 2 3U 2

រ ៀបរ ៀងរោយ រោកគ្រូ របវ ចន្ថន្ - 15 - Transmission Line

វទ្យាស្ថ
ិ ិ គច្េច្ោសសនបាេ់ដំបង
ា នពហុបច្ចេកច្ទ្យសភូមភា ច្ដបា៉ាេឺមង
៉ា អ
់ គគិសនី

CMnYssmIkarxagelIenAkñúg (2) nig (3) eK)an ³

P2 R12 + Q2 X 12
U 12 =
U2
P2 X 12 − Q2 R12
U 12 =
U2

Edl U12 kMhattg;süúgskmµ V , kV 

U12 kMhattg;süúgGskmµ V , kV 
P2 GanuPaBskmµéneRKÓgTTYlenAcMnucTI2 W , kW 
Q2 GanuPaBGskmµéneRKÓgTTYlenAcMnucTI2 Var, kVar
X tMélerGak;tg;énbNþajKitCa 

R tMélersIusþg;énbNþajKitCa 

■ cMeBaHbNþajGKÁs
i nIEdlmantg;süúgNUmINal; U nom  110kV kMhattg;süúgGskmµ U
mantMéltUcEdlGacecal)an.
P2 R12 + Q2 X 12
dUecñH U 1 = U 2 + U 12 = U 2 +
U2

2.2 karKNnakMhatGanuPaBenAelIbNþajGKÁsi nI

រ ៀបរ ៀងរោយ រោកគ្រូ របវ ចន្ថន្ - 16 - Transmission Line

វទ្យាស្ថ
ិ ិ គច្េច្ោសសនបាេ់ដំបង
ា នពហុបច្ចេកច្ទ្យសភូមភា ច្ដបា៉ាេឺមង
៉ា អ
់ គគិសនី

1-KMnUsbMRBYj
U1 U 2
Z12 = R12 + jX 12
1
S2
2
S '12 S12 S12

Edl S12' lMhUrGanuPaBedImExS

S 12 kMhatGanuPaB
S12" lMhGU anuPaBcugExS
S12' = S12" + S12

➢ KNna S 12

edaykMhatGanuPaBCaTUeTA S12 = 3I 2 .Z12 (1)

eday I =
S2
3U 2
2
 
(1)  S12 = 3 S 2  .Z12
 3U 2 
S 22
= 2 .(R12 + jX 12 )
U2
P2 + Q2
 S12 = 2 2 2 .(R12 + jX 12 )
U2
P22 + Q22 P22 + Q22
= .R12 + j . X 12
U 22 U 22

= P + jQ
dUecñH
P22 + Q22
P12 = R12
U 22
P22 + Q22
Q12 = .X 12
U 22

រ ៀបរ ៀងរោយ រោកគ្រូ របវ ចន្ថន្ - 17 - Transmission Line

វទ្យាស្ថ
ិ ិ គច្េច្ោសសនបាេ់ដំបង
ា នពហុបច្ចេកច្ទ្យសភូមភា ច្ដបា៉ាេឺមង
៉ា អ
់ គគិសនី

➢ kñúgkrNIebIsinCaminsÁal;tMél U eKsnµt;yktMél U sMrab;KNna S

2 nom 12

CaTUeTA ³
p 22 + Q22 p 22 + Q22
S12 = 2
.R12 + j 2
. X 12
U nom U nom
= P12 + jQ12

lMhat;1
GnusßanIy_GKÁisnImYypÁt;pÁg;eTAbnÞúk EdlmanGanuPaB S = 15 + j10MVA 2

tamry³bNþajEdlmantg;süúg U = 110KV ehIyRbEvgExS  = 80Km .

nom

1 2
X12
R12
S2 = 15 + j10MVA
S1
S '12 S12 S12

QC12 QC12
j j
2 2

រ ៀបរ ៀងរោយ រោកគ្រូ របវ ចន្ថន្ - 18 - Transmission Line

វទ្យាស្ថ
ិ ិ គច្េច្ោសសនបាេ់ដំបង
ា នពហុបច្ចេកច្ទ្យសភូមភា ច្ដបា៉ាេឺមង
៉ា អ
់ គគិសនី

)a:ra:Em:RtyfaRbePTrbs;bNþaj ³
r0 = 0.306 / km, x0 = 0.434 / km, b0 = 2.61.10 −6 1 ,U 1 = 116kV
.km
K．KNnaGanuPaB S tg;süúgenAcugExS U ?
1 2

X．ebIsineKdwgfa U = 109.8 − j2.65kV

2

KNnaTMlak;tg;süúg elIbNþaj?

edayeRbInUv)a:ra:Em:RtEdlmankñúgsMnYrxagelIkhM attg;süúgskmµ nig Gskmµ

RtUv)anKNnatamrUbmnþ ³
P2.R12 + Q2. X 12 15  24.48 + 8.74  34.72
U 12 = = = 6.11KV
U2 109.8
eKmanbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s;mYyEdlmantg;süúg U nom = 220KV

S1  = 100km
S2 = 150 + j80MVA
AC − 300 / 39

U1 = 24200 KV
)a:r:aEm:tyfaRbePTrbs;bNþaj
r0 = 0.098 / km; x0 = 0.412 / km
b0 = 2.71.10 −6 1
km
edayminKittMélkugDuctg;elIbNþaj
KNna
• kMhatGanuPaBelIbNþaj S 12

• GanuPaBenAedImExS S
.
1

• tg;süúgenAcugbNþaj U
.
2

រ ៀបរ ៀងរោយ រោកគ្រូ របវ ចន្ថន្ - 19 - Transmission Line

វទ្យាស្ថ
ិ ិ គច្េច្ោសសនបាេ់ដំបង
ា នពហុបច្ចេកច្ទ្យសភូមភា ច្ដបា៉ាេឺមង
៉ា អ
់ គគិសនី

karKNnakMhatGanuPaBelI Transformer ³
1- kMhatGanuPaBelI Transformer manBIrrbMu ³
kMhatGanuPaBelIRtg;sÚV S = P + jQ T T T

Edl S kMhatGanuPaBsrubenAelIRtg;sÚV MVA

T

P kMhatGanuPaBskmµenAelI Rtg;sÚV MW 

T

Q kMhatGanuPaBGskmµenAelI Rtg;sÚV MVAr 

T

kMhatGanuPaBelIRtg;sÚV RtUv)anEckCaBIrEpñk ³
- kMhatGanuPaBenAelIrbMGu aRs½yelIbnÞúkeRbIR)as;
ST (b ) = PT (b ) + jQT (b )

Edl S ( ) kMhatGanuPaBsrubelIbUbn‘Í MVA

T b

- kMhatGanuPaBenAelIsñlÚ Edk ¬rbbTMenr¦

S0 = P0 + jQ0

- kMhatGanuPaBsrubenAelI Transformer esµnI wg

ST = ST (b ) + S0
SL
ST (b ) = 3I nnom
2
 ZT ; I nom =
3.U HV
eyIg)an S2
 ST (b ) = 2L .(RT + jX T )
U HV
S L2 PL2 + QL2
PT (b ) = 2
.RT = 2
.RT (1)
U HV U HV
S L2 PL2 + QL2
QT (b ) = 2
. X T = 2
.X T (2)
Edl PCC U HV2
U HV U HV

RT =  2 (3)
nT S nom.Tr
U CC U2
XT =  HV (4)
100  nT S nom.Tr
SL GanuPaBsrubbnÞúkeRbIR)as; MVA
U HV tg;süúgx<s;enAelI eKal TransformerKV 
RT ersIusþg; rbs; Transformer
PL GanuPaBskmµrbs;bnÞúkeRbIR)as; MW 

រ ៀបរ ៀងរោយ រោកគ្រូ របវ ចន្ថន្ - 20 - Transmission Line

វទ្យាស្ថ
ិ ិ គច្េច្ោសសនបាេ់ដំបង
ា នពហុបច្ចេកច្ទ្យសភូមភា ច្ដបា៉ាេឺមង
៉ា អ
់ គគិសនី

QL GanuPaBGskmµrbs;bnÞkú eRbIR)as; [MVAr]

XT erGak;tg; rbs; Transformer
PCC kMhatGanuPaBrbbqøgePøIg
nT cMnYn Transformer EdldMeNIrkarRsbKña
S nom Tr GanuPaBsrubNUmINal;rbs; Transformer
P0 kMhatGanuPaBskmµelIslñÚ Edk
Q0 kMhatGanuPaBGskmµelIsñÚlEdk
CMnsY smIkar (3) eTA (1)
(4) eTA (2) eyIg)an ³
PCC S2
PT (b ) =  2L
nT S nom Tr
U CC S L2
QT (b ) = 
100  nT S nom Tr
CaTUeTAkMhatGanuPaBsrubenAelI Transformer esµI ³
➢ kñúgkrNIdwgtMél R & X T T

S L2
PT = 2
 RT + nT  P0
U HV
S L2 I
QT = 2
 X T + nT  0  SnomTr
U HV 100
ST = PT + jQT

➢ kñúgkrNImindwgtMél R T & XT
 S2 
PCC
PT =   2 L  + nT  P0
 S nom Tr 
nT
 
U CC S L2 I
QT =  + nT  0  S nomTr
100  nT S nom Tr 100

Edl I tMélcrnþeBlKµanbnÞkú [%]

0

រ ៀបរ ៀងរោយ រោកគ្រូ របវ ចន្ថន្ - 21 - Transmission Line

វទ្យាស្ថ
ិ ិ គច្េច្ោសសនបាេ់ដំបង
ា នពហុបច្ចេកច្ទ្យសភូមភា ច្ដបា៉ាេឺមង
៉ា អ
់ គគិសនី

2- kMhatGanuPaBelI Transformer bIrb‘¿u

HV
SmV

MV Z mV = RmV + jX mV

LV S mV

Z HV
S HV
S mV

Z HV
S HV
 S HV
 S LV

KT
S LV

S 0
SLV

edIm,IKNnakMhatGanuPaBenAelI TransformerbIrb‘¿u eyIgRtUvKNnakMhatGanuPaBenAelI

rb‘u¿nimyY ²én Transformer
➢ kMhatGanuPaBenAelIrb‘u¿Epñktg;süúgTab

SLV = PLV + jQLV

2
 (RLV + jX LV )
S LV
= 2
U HV
SLV
 = SLV
 + SLV
➢ kMhatGanuPaBenAelIrb‘u¿ Transformer Epñktg;süúgmFüm
Smv
2
Smv = 2  (Rmv + jX mv )

U HV
SMV
 = Smv + Smv

➢ lMhUrGanuPaBenAcugExSénrb‘t¿u g;süúgx<s;esµInwg ³
S  HV = Smv
 + SLV

➢ kMhatGanuPaBenAelIrb‘u¿tg;süúgx<s;
S  =
(S )  (R + jX )
HV
2

HV 2 HV HV
U HV

SHV
 = SHV + SHV

រ ៀបរ ៀងរោយ រោកគ្រូ របវ ចន្ថន្ - 22 - Transmission Line
វទ្យាស្ថ
ិ ិ គច្េច្ោសសនបាេ់ដំបង
ា នពហុបច្ចេកច្ទ្យសភូមភា ច្ដបា៉ាេឺមង
៉ា អ
់ គគិសនី

➢ lMhUrGanuPaBenAEpñkcUlén Transformer ³
SHV = SHV
 + S 0
➢ kMhatGanuPaBsrubenAelI Tr bIrb‘¿uesµIngw ³
ST = SHV + SMV + SLV + S0
or ST = SHV − SMV − SLV

karKNnabnÞúkKNnaénbNþajtg;süúgx<s;düaRkamTUeTA

SL3

1
SL2

SL1

រ ៀបរ ៀងរោយ រោកគ្រូ របវ ចន្ថន្ - 23 - Transmission Line

វទ្យាស្ថ
ិ ិ គច្េច្ោសសនបាេ់ដំបង
ា នពហុបច្ចេកច្ទ្យសភូមភា ច្ដបា៉ាេឺមង
៉ា អ
់ គគិសនី

SCal3

S Cal2

S Cal1

1- GanuPaBKNna ³
bnÞkú eRbIR)as;énbNþajGKÁisnIRtUv)aneKsÁal;tMélenAelIr)aTI2 énbnÞb;ePøgI rW enAelIr)aén
Generator éneragcRkGKÁisnI. karKNnaRtUv)aneFIVeLIgCaeRcIndMNak; manlkçN³samBaØ nigRtUv

bMElg KMnUs bMRBYjCMnYsCaeRcIn edIm,IkMNt;tMélGanuPaBbnÞúkeRbIR)as;enAEpñktg;süúgx<s.;

eyIgemIlbnÞb;ePøIgmYyEdl)andak; Transformer cMnYn n eGaydMeNIrRsbKñadUc)anbgðaj
dUcKMnUsbMRBYj xageRkamenH ³

snµt; Tr manRbePTdUcKña nig tg;süúgdUcKña Ln

L2

L1

1 2 nTr

S L

រ ៀបរ ៀងរោយ រោកគ្រូ របវ ចន្ថន្ - 24 - Transmission Line

វទ្យាស្ថ
ិ ិ គច្េច្ោសសនបាេ់ដំបង
ា នពហុបច្ចេកច្ទ្យសភូមភា ច្ដបា៉ាេឺមង
៉ា អ
់ គគិសនី

Z1 Z 2 Z 3

QC1 QC1 QC1

j j j
2 2 2

Z T
S0

KT

S L

2. GanuPaBKNnarbs;bnÞb;ePIøg
1- GanuPaBbnÞúkeRbIR)as; S L

2- kMhatGanuPaBenAelIRtg;sVÚr S T

3- plbUkGanuPaBGskmµ Q EdlbegátI eLIgedaybNþajtg;süúgx<s;CamYynwgbnÞb;ePøIg

C
2

n QC i

i =1 2
n
QC i
eyIg)an SCal = S L + ST − j
i =1 2

eRkayBIkarKNnaGanuPaBKNnaenAbnÞb;ePIøg ehIyTMrg;GanuPaBGs;bnÞb;ePøIgbgðajdUcrUbxag
eRkamenH ³

រ ៀបរ ៀងរោយ រោកគ្រូ របវ ចន្ថន្ - 25 - Transmission Line

វទ្យាស្ថ
ិ ិ គច្េច្ោសសនបាេ់ដំបង
ា នពហុបច្ចេកច្ទ្យសភូមភា ច្ដបា៉ាេឺមង
៉ា អ
់ គគិសនី

Z1 Z2 Zn

S Cal = PCal + jQCal

eyIgGacsresrrUbmnþsMrab;KNnaGanuPaBskmµ nig Gskmµ KNnarbs;bnÞb;ePøIg

PCal = PL + PT
PCC S L2
PCal = PL +  2 + nT P0
nT S nomT
n Q
QCal = QL + QT − 
Ci

i =1 2

U CC S L2 I S n Q
QCal = QL +  + nT 0 nom T −  C i
nT S nom T 100 i =1 2

KNnarbbdMeNIrkarbNþajGKÁsi nIesoKVcI Mhr (Radial Line)

រ ៀបរ ៀងរោយ រោកគ្រូ របវ ចន្ថន្ - 26 - Transmission Line

វទ្យាស្ថ
ិ ិ គច្េច្ោសសនបាេ់ដំបង
ា នពហុបច្ចេកច្ទ្យសភូមភា ច្ដបា៉ាេឺមង
៉ា អ
់ គគិសនី

1-KMnUsbMRBYjTUeTA ³
4

U A S L 4
1 2 3

S L1 S L 2 S L 3

4 U L 4
4
S L 4
S L 4
A
1 2 3
1 2 3
S1 S L 2 S L 3
RbPB
U L 2
U L1

S L 2 U L 3
S L1
S L 3

edIm,IKNnarbbdMeNIrkarrbs;bNþajGKÁisnIKWCakarKNna lMhUrGanuPaB kMhatGanuPaB

kMhattg;süúg nigtg;süúgenAcMnucbnÞúknimYy².eKRtUvEtsÁal;enAsmµtikmµ (Data) dUcxageRkam³
• GanuPaB S bnÞk ú eRbIR)as;
Li

• cMnYnnigGanuPaB Tr enAcMnucbnÞb;ePøIgnimYy²

• RbEvgnigmuxkat;ExScMlg

• tg;süúgRbPBpÁt;pÁg; U A

dMeNaHRsay
KNnarbbdMeNIrkarrbs;bNþajGKÁisnI
• KNnalMhUrGanuPaBEdlEbgEcktamEpñknimYy²

• KNnatg;süúgenARKb;cnM ucExñgénbnÞúkeRbIR)as;
snµt;fabNþajmantg;süúgNUmINal; 110kV
KMnUsbMRBYjCMnYs
រ ៀបរ ៀងរោយ រោកគ្រូ របវ ចន្ថន្ - 27 - Transmission Line
វទ្យាស្ថ
ិ ិ គច្េច្ោសសនបាេ់ដំបង
ា នពហុបច្ចេកច្ទ្យសភូមភា ច្ដបា៉ាេឺមង
៉ា អ
់ គគិសនី

ZT 4
QC14 4 S L 4
Z14 QC14 j KT 4
j 2
2 S 04
Z A1 Z 23

Z
1 2 3
A
QC12 QC23
QC A1 QC A1 j QC 23 j
j j 2 j 2
2 2 ZT 1 QC12 Z T 2 2 Z T 3
j
S 01 2 S02 S03
KT 1 KT 2 KT 3

S L1 12 S L 2 S L 3

2-KNna):ar:aEm:Rtrbs;bNþajGKÁisnI nig Rtg;sÚVr ³

eRkayBIkarkMNt;):ar:aEm:RténKMnsU bMRBYj  ; Q2 i
Ci
)a:r:aEm:RténRtg;sVÚ ZTi ; S0i ; KTi

eyIgKNnaGanuPaBKNnaenAtamcMnucbnÞb;ePøgI nimYy² ³

1 + QLoad 1
2 2
PLoad
PCal1 = PLoad1 + 2
.RT 1 + nT 1.P01
U HV
1 + QLoad 1
2 2
PLoad I Q Q Q
QCal1 = QLoad1 + 2
. X T 1 + nT 1. 01 .STnom1 − CA1 − C12 − C14
U HV 100 2 2 2
2 + QLoad 2
2 2
PLoad
PCal 2 = PLoad 2 + 2
.RT 2 + nT 2 .P02
U HV
2 + QLoad 2
2 2
PLoad I Q Q
QCal 2 = QLoad 2 + 2
. X T 2 + nT 2 . 02 .STnom 2 − C12 − C 23
U HV 100 2 2
3 + QLoad 3
2 2
PLoad
PCal 3 = PLoad 3 + 2
.RT 3 + nT 3 .P03
U HV
3 + QLoad 3
2 2
PLoad I Q
QCal 3 = QLoad 3 + 2
. X T 3 + nT 3 . 03 .STnom3 − C 23
U HV 100 2
4 + QLoad 4
2 2
PLoad
PCal 4 = PLoad 4 + 2
.RT 4 + nT 4 .P04
U HV
4 + QLoad 4
2 2
PLoad I Q
QCal 4 = QLoad 4 + 2
. X T 4 + nT 4 . 04 .STnom 4 − C14
U HV 100 2

រ ៀបរ ៀងរោយ រោកគ្រូ របវ ចន្ថន្ - 28 - Transmission Line

 វទ្យាស្ថ
ិ ិ គច្េច្ោសសនបាេ់ដំបង
ា នពហុបច្ចេកច្ទ្យសភូមភា ច្ដបា៉ាេឺមង
៉ា អ
់ គគិសនី

Z14  4
S '14 S14 SCal4
U A →
A Z A1 S 14
1
  
S A S A1 →
S ' ' A1 Z12 Z 23
S A1 2 3
   → 
QC A1 S12 → S12 S 23
 S 23 S 23

SCal1 S 12
2
SCal2 SCal3

eyIg)anKMnUsbMRBYjdUcxageRkam ³

enAelIKMnUsbMRBYjEdlbgðajxagelIeK)andwgnUvtMélmYycMnYndUcxageRkam³
• tg;süúgRbPB U A

• GanuPaBKNnaenAtambnÞb;ePøg
I nimYy² S Cal i

• KNnaGaMeb:dg;énbNþajtamEpñknimy Y ²Z ij

KNnaGanuPaBEckcayenAtamExñgnimYy² tg;süúgelIcMnucbnÞúkeRbIR)as;nimYy².
edIm,IKNnarbbdMeNIrkarxagelIeKGaceRbIviFIeRcIndUcCa ³
- Approximation method
- Gauss method
- Norton method

enAkñgú krNIenHeK)aneRbI method Approximation EckecjCaBIrCMhan .

CMhanTI1 ³ KWCakarKNnaPøcú EbgEckGanuPaB (Power flow) CamYykMhatGanuPaBenAelI
bNþajnigsnµt;fatg;süúg enARKb;cnM ucEckcay U . nom

karKNnalMhUrGanuPaBeyIgRtUvcab;epþmI KNnaBIcMnuccugbNþajeTArkRbPB.
• S 23 = SCal 3 = PCal 3 + jQCal 3
2
+Q
2

• S23 =
P Cal 3 Cal 3
.(R23 + jX 23 ) = P23 + jQ23
2
U nom

• S23
 = S23  + S23
• S12 = S23
 + SCal 2 = P12 + jQ12

រ ៀបរ ៀងរោយ រោកគ្រូ របវ ចន្ថន្ - 29 - Transmission Line

វទ្យាស្ថ
ិ ិ គច្េច្ោសសនបាេ់ដំបង
ា នពហុបច្ចេកច្ទ្យសភូមភា ច្ដបា៉ាេឺមង
៉ា អ
់ គគិសនី

P + Q
2 2
• S12 = 12 2 12 .(R12 + jX12 )
U nom
• S  = S  + S
12 12 12

eday S14 = SCal 4

2
+Q
2

S14 =
P Cal 4 Cal 4
.Z14
2
U nom

S14 = S14 + S14

S A1 = SCal1 + S12 + S14
 = PA1 + jQA1
PA1 + QA1 
2 2
S A1 = 2
.Z A1
U nom
S A1 = S A1 + S A1
Q
S A = S A1 − j C A1
2

CMhanTI2 ³ eyIgKNnatg;süúgenAtamcMnucbnÞúkeRbIR)as;nmi Yy². cMeBaHbNþajman

U nom  110kV eKsnµt;fakMhattg;süúgGskmµGacecal)an.

➢ kMnt;sMKal; ³
cMeBaHkarKNnatg;süúg KWeKcab;epþImKNnaBIRbPBeTAxagcug bNþajvij.
kMhattg;süúgenAelI Z esµnI wg A1

P .R + QA1. X A1
U A1 = A1 A1
UA

U1 = U A − U A1
tg;süúgú enAcMncu bnÞb;ePøIgTI2
P12 .R12 + Q12 . X 12
U12 =
U1

U 2 = U1 − U12
tg;süúgenAcMnucbnÞb;ePøIgTI3
P23 .R23 + Q23
 . X 23
U 23 =
U2

U 3 = U 2 − U 23
tg;süúgenAcMnucbnÞb;ePøIg 4
រ ៀបរ ៀងរោយ រោកគ្រូ របវ ចន្ថន្ - 30 - Transmission Line
វទ្យាស្ថ
ិ ិ គច្េច្ោសសនបាេ់ដំបង
ា នពហុបច្ចេកច្ទ្យសភូមភា ច្ដបា៉ាេឺមង
៉ា អ
់ គគិសនី

P14 .R14 + Q14 . X 14

U14 =
U1

U 4 = U1 − U14

3-karbMErbMrlY tg;süúg nig kMhattg;süúg enAcMnucbnÞúkeRbIR)as; ³

tg;süúgGtibrmaEdlGnuBaØateGaydMeNIrkarelIbNþajGKÁsi nI edIm,I[eRKÓgTTYl ¬bnÞúkeRbI
R)as;¦ dMeNIrkar)anl¥ karbMErbMrYltg;süúgenAelIeKaléncMnucbnÞúkeRbIR)as; RtUvEtmin
RtUvelIsBItMélEdl)ankMnt;tamsþgd; abec©keTsGKÁisnIdUc xageRkam ³
a/  5% éntMéltg;süúgNUmINal;ceM BaHbnÞúkeRbIR)as;TUeTA.

b/  7.5% cMeBaHbNþajeRbIR)as;enAtMbn;CnbT

c/ rhUtdl; − 10% cMeBaHbNþajEdldMeNIrkarkñúgrbbmankMhUc.

tMélkMhattg;süúgGtibrma EdlGnuBaØteGayeRbIkñúgbNþajGKÁisnImandUcxageRkam ³
a/ cMeBaHbNþajtg;süúgTabcab;epþImBIcMnucrbMuTI2én Transfer rhUtdl;bnÞúkcMnuceRbIR)as;xag

cugeRkay RtUvmantMélBI  5% én U . nom

b/ cMeBaHbNþajtg;süúgmFümBI 6 → 35kV RtUvmantMélBI  7%

c/ cMeBaHbNþajtg;süúgx<s;RtUvmantMél  10%

d/ cMeBaHbNþaj tg;süúgmFüm kñúgrbbdMeNIrkareBlmankMhUc RtUvmantMél

dl; 10% .

រ ៀបរ ៀងរោយ រោកគ្រូ របវ ចន្ថន្ - 31 - Transmission Line

វទ្យាស្ថ
ិ ិ គច្េច្ោសសនបាេ់ដំបង
ា នពហុបច្ចេកច្ទ្យសភូមភា ច្ដបា៉ាេឺមង
៉ា អ
់ គគិសនី

4-karKNnatg;süúgenAcMnucbnÞkú eRbIR)as; ¬Epñktg;süúgmFüm¦ ³

eRkayBIkarKNnatg;süúgenAelIcMnucbnÞkú eRbIR)as;nmi Yy² Epñktg;süúgx<s; eyIgRtUvKNna
tg;süúgenAcMnucbnÞúkeRbIR)as;nmi Yy² Epñktg;süúgmFümdUcxageRkam ³

U HV Ui

U MV U Load i

S Load i

eKdwgtMél U KNna U ?
i MV 1

man2viFIsMrab;KNna

1¼viFIT1I ³
eKdwgtMél S Loadi ; ZT & U i

KMnUsbMRBYj ³
Ui

STi

S0i
Z Ti

U HVi S Loadi

K Ti

U MVi

S Loadi

រ ៀបរ ៀងរោយ រោកគ្រូ របវ ចន្ថន្ - 32 - Transmission Line

វទ្យាស្ថ
ិ ិ គច្េច្ោសសនបាេ់ដំបង
ា នពហុបច្ចេកច្ទ្យសភូមភា ច្ដបា៉ាេឺមង
៉ា អ
់ គគិសនី

1¼kMhatGanuPaBelI Transformer
2
PLoadi + QLoadi
2
STi = 2
.ZTi
U nom
STi = SLoadi + STi
- kMhattg;süúgelI Transformer
PTi .RTi + QTi . X Ti
U Ti =
Ui
- tg;süúgbnÞúkeRbIR)as;Epñktg;süúgx<se; sµI ³
U HVLi = Ui − UTi
- tg;süúgbnÞúkeRbIR)as;Epñktg;süúgmFüm ³
U MVi = U HVi .KTi
Edl
U2
K Ti =
U1

2¼viFITI2 ³
U HVi = U i − U Ti
 Ui = U HVi + U Ti
ebIsineKsÁal; U kMhattg;süúgenAelI Transformer esµI ³
HVi

PLoadi .RTi + QLoadi . X Ti

U Ti =
U HVi
PLoadi .RTi + QLoadi . X Ti
 U i = U HVi +
U HVi

រ ៀបរ ៀងរោយ រោកគ្រូ របវ ចន្ថន្ - 33 - Transmission Line

វទ្យាស្ថ
ិ ិ គច្េច្ោសសនបាេ់ដំបង
ា នពហុបច្ចេកច្ទ្យសភូមភា ច្ដបា៉ាេឺមង
៉ា អ
់ គគិសនី

lMhat;
I . bNþaj bBa¢ÚnfamBltg;süúgx<s; tg;süúgNUmINal; Un = 115KV dUcbgðajkñúgrUb

Us=120kV
AAC 240 1 AAC240 2
~ 40Km
A 115kV 60Km 115kV

50MVA 50MVA

22kV 22kV
Un=115kV .
. S l 2 = 20 + j15MVA
S l1 = 30 + j 20MVA

)a:ra:Em:RtbNþaj )a:ra:Em:RtRtg;sÚV
AAC 240 Sn.tr=50MVA

R0 = 0.12 Ω/Km RT = 2.5 Ω

X0 = 0.45 Ω/Km XT = 35 Ω

b0= 2.6×10-6 1/Ω.km ΔP0= 50KW , Ucc=6% , I0 =0.8%

1- KNnakMhatGanuPaB nig GanuPaBsrubrbs;bNþaj

2- KNnatg;süúgRtg;cMNuc 1 nig 2

រ ៀបរ ៀងរោយ រោកគ្រូ របវ ចន្ថន្ - 34 - Transmission Line

វទ្យាស្ថ
ិ ិ គច្េច្ោសសនបាេ់ដំបង
ា នពហុបច្ចេកច្ទ្យសភូមភា ច្ដបា៉ាេឺមង
៉ា អ
់ គគិសនី

karKNnarbbdMeNIrkarbNþajkg (Loop)

eyIgBnitüemIlbNþajkgEdlmanbnÞkú eRbIR)as; 3 dUcbgðajkñúgrUb

UA A

L1 L3

1 3
L2
SCal 1 SCal 3

SCal 2

រ ៀបរ ៀងរោយ រោកគ្រូ របវ ចន្ថន្ - 35 - Transmission Line

វទ្យាស្ថ
ិ ិ គច្េច្ោសសនបាេ់ដំបង
ា នពហុបច្ចេកច្ទ្យសភូមភា ច្ដបា៉ាេឺមង
៉ា អ
់ គគិសនី

KMnUsbMRBYjCMnYs
UA A

ZA1 Z3A

1 3

SCal 1 Z23 SCal 3

Z12 2

SCal 2

snµt;eyIgdwgtMélersIusþg;ExSbNþaj Z ; Z ; Z ; Z GanuPaBKNnarbs;bnÞúkeRbIR)as;enA
A1 12 23 3A

cMnucExñgnimYy²énbNþaj S , S , S nigtg;süúgenAelIr)apÁt;pÁg;GKÁsi nI.

Cal1 Cal 2 Cal 3

KNnalMhUGanuPaB (Power flow) enAelIedImExSnigcugEpñknimyY ² rbs;bNþaj

GanuPaBRbPBpÁt;pgÁ ; nig tg;süúgenARKb;cnM ucExñgénbNþaj.

A Z1 A 1 Z12 2 Z 23 Z 3 A A

3
→ →  
S A S12 S32 S A

S Cal 1 S Cal 2 S Cal 3

Z1 A Z1A

Z 2 A Z 2 A

Z 3 A Z 3 A

Z AA

រ ៀបរ ៀងរោយ រោកគ្រូ របវ ចន្ថន្ - 36 - Transmission Line

វទ្យាស្ថ
ិ ិ គច្េច្ោសសនបាេ់ដំបង
ា នពហុបច្ចេកច្ទ្យសភូមភា ច្ដបា៉ាេឺមង
៉ា អ
់ គគិសនី

eyIgcaM)ac;RtUvKNnaGanuPaBenAelIExSbNþaj S , S , S ehIyTisedAénGanuPaBeyIg Cal1 Cal 2 Cal 3

GackMNt;edayes‘rI.
kñúgkarKNna edayeyIgmindwgtg;süúgenAcMnucbnÞkú nimYy²rbs;bNþaj eK)anGnuBaØateGay
eyIg eFVIkarKNnacrnþenAelIExSnimYy² edayeRbItg;süúgNUmINal;rbs;bNþaj.
S
Iij = ij
3U n
edayehtufa U = U = U A A A

enaHplbUkkMhattg;süúgenAelIbNþajkgesµsI Unü.
eyIg)an ³
U A1 + U12 + U 23 + U 3 A = 0
S
eday U A1 = 3IZ A1 = A Z A1
Un

 S * A Z A1 + S12 Z12 − S32

 
Z 32 − S A  Z3 A = 0

rW S Z + S Z − S Z − S Z = 0 (1)
A
*
A1 12
*
12 32
*
32 A

3A

RbsinebIminKitBIkMhatGanuPaBenAelIbNþajenaHcMeBaHbNþajkg eKGacsresr
S A + S A = SCal1 + SCal 2 + SCal 3
S A = SCal1 + SCal 2 + SCal 3 − S A (2)
tamc,ab;eKotqUs eyIgGacsresr
S12 = S A − SCal1 (3)
SCal 2 = S12 + S32  S32 = SCal 2 − S12
BI (3)  S32 = SCal1 + SCal 2 − S A (4)

CMnYs (2),(3),(4) kñúg (1)

eyIg)an ³
(
S A Z A1 + ( S A − SCal1 ) Z12 − SCal1 + SCal 2 − S A Z 23

) (
− SCal1 + SCal 2 + SCal 3 − S A Z 3A = 0 )
( ) ( ) (
S A Z A1 + Z12 + Z 23 + Z 3A − SCal1 Z12 + Z 23 + Z 3 A − SCal 2 Z 23 + Z 3A − SCal 3 Z 3A = 0 )
 S A Z AA − S Cal1Z1 A − SCal 2 Z 2 A − SCal 3 Z 3 A = 0
SCal1Z1A + SCal 2 Z 2A + SCal 3Z3A
dUecñH 
S A' =
Z A A
dUcKñaEdrcMeBaH S A

រ ៀបរ ៀងរោយ រោកគ្រូ របវ ចន្ថន្ - 37 - Transmission Line

វទ្យាស្ថ
ិ ិ គច្េច្ោសសនបាេ់ដំបង
ា នពហុបច្ចេកច្ទ្យសភូមភា ច្ដបា៉ាេឺមង
៉ា អ
់ គគិសនី

SCal1Z1A + SCal 2 Z 2A' + SCal 3 Z 3A

S A =
Z A A
eday Z AA = Z A 1 + Z12 + Z 23

+ Z 3A
Z1A = Z12 + Z 23

+ Z 3A
Z 2A = Z 23

+ Z 3A
➢ eRkayBIkarKNna S & S caM)ac;RtUveFIVkarepÞógpÞat;. ebIsinCakarKNna)anRtwmRtUvenaH
A A

vaRtUvEtbMeBjtamlkçxNÐxageRkam ³
S A + S A = S Cal1+ SCal 2 + SCal 3

cMeBaHkarKNnaGanuPaB S & S ebIGanuPaBNamYymantMélGviC¢man mann½yfalMhUr

12 32

GanuPaBrt;tam TisedAbRBa¢as;.
cMnucEdlGanuPaBmanTisedABIreKehAfacMnucPøúcEbgEckGanuPaBEdlsMKal;edaynimti þsBaØa

2
A 1 3 A

→ →  
S A S12 S 23 S A

SCal 1 SCal 2 SCal 3

dUecñHRtg;cMnucPøúcEbgEckGanuPaBrbs;bNþajkg RtUvEckCaBIrEpñkKW
A

S A1 S A3

S A1 ZA1 ZA3 S A3

1 S A32 3

SCal 1 S A32 SCal 3

Z12 Z32
2

S12 S32

រ ៀបរ ៀងរោយ រោកគ្រូ របវ ចន្ថន្ - 38 - Transmission Line

វទ្យាស្ថ
ិ ិ គច្េច្ោសសនបាេ់ដំបង
ា នពហុបច្ចេកច្ទ្យសភូមភា ច្ដបា៉ាេឺមង
៉ា អ
់ គគិសនី

eyIgGacKNnarbbdMeNIrkarénEpñkTaMgBIrrbs;bNþajkg edayKNnadUcbNþajra:düal;EdrKW
1¼KNna
S12 , S12 , S12 , S A1 , S A1 , S A1 , S32
 , S32 , S32

S A3 , S A3 & S3 A
S = S  + S 
A A1 3A

2¼KNnaTnøak;tg;süúg
U A1 ; U1 ; U12 ;U 2 ; U A3 ;U 3 ; U 32 ;U 2
U  + U 2
U 2 = 2
2
➢ kalNabNþajkgmancMnYn n bnÞkú eRbIR)as;eyIgRtUvGnuvtþtamrUbmnþxageRkam ³
1¼eyIgKNnaGanuPaBBIRbPBpÁt;pgÁ ; S & S edayminKitBIkMhatGanuPaBtamrUbmnþdUc
A A

xageRkam ³
rUbmnþTI1
n
S  Z iA *
S A =  i *
''

i −1 Z A' A''

n Si Z i A '
S A'' =  
i −1 Z A A

2¼KNnaGanuPaBEbgEck ehIyenAcMncu PøúcEbgEckeyIgpþac;bNþajkg edaybMElgvaeTACa

bNþajcMhBIr.
3¼ eFIVkarKNnarbbdMeNIrkarbNþajr:adüal;TaMgBIr
➢ ebIbNþajkgRtUv)antMelIgedayExScMlg rW ExSkabEdlmanmuxkat;esµK I ña edayersIusþg;yfa
RbePT Z = r + jx 0 0 0

 Z ij = Z 0 . ij

RbEvgExSrvagExñg ij
 ij

eKGaceRbIrUbmnþsMrab;KNnaGanuPaBRbPBpÁt;pÁg;
n

n
SZ    Si Z 0 iA
S A =  i  0 iA = i −1 
i −1 Z 0  AA Z 0  AA
rUbnþTI2

រ ៀបរ ៀងរោយ រោកគ្រូ របវ ចន្ថន្ - 39 - Transmission Line

វទ្យាស្ថ
ិ ិ គច្េច្ោសសនបាេ់ដំបង
ា នពហុបច្ចេកច្ទ្យសភូមភា ច្ដបា៉ាេឺមង
៉ា អ
់ គគិសនី

n n

 Si Z 0  iA  S 

i iA
S A = i −1
= i −1

Z 0 AA  AA

n n

 Si Z 0  iA'  S 

i iA'
S A = i −1
= i −1

Z 0 AA  AA

kMNt;cMNaM ³
enAkñgú kareFIVKMeragbNþajGKÁisnI eyIgGacsÁal;EtcMgay  rvagbnÞúkeRbIR)as;famBlGKÁsi nI
nig RbPBpÁt;pgÁ ;muxkat;ExSeyIgmindwg. kñúgkrNIenHcMeBaHbNþajkgCadMbUgRtUvKNnaGanuPaBtam
beNþayExS  edayeRbIrUbmnþT2I .
bnÞab;mkeRCIserIsmuxkat;ExS KNnaersIsu þg;énExSnimYy² ebIsinCamuxkat;ExScMlgmantMél
xusKña enaHRtUvKNnatMélGanuPaBCafµI tamrUbmnþTI1 GnuKmn_eTAnwgtMélGaMeb:dg; Z . 

lMhat;
I. bNþaj bBa¢ÚnfamBltg;süúgx<s; tg;süúgNUmINal; Un = 110KV dUcbgðajkñúgrUb
.
S Cal1 = 45.24 + j 23.965MVA

1
25Km 20Km
UA = 121KV AC 185
A 2 3
G AC150
30Km 20Km

.
S Cal 2 = 10.129 + j 7.597MVA
.
S Cal 3 = 18.15 + j12.5MVA
Un=110kV
)a:ra:Em:RtbNþaj
AC 150 AC 185

R0 = 0.198 Ω/Km R0 = 0.162 Ω/Km

X0 = 0.42 Ω/Km X0 = 0.413 Ω/Km

b0=2.7.10-61/Ωkm b0=2.75.10-61/Ωkm
. .
1- KNnaGanuPaB S A' nig S A'' rbs;RbPB
រ ៀបរ ៀងរោយ រោកគ្រូ របវ ចន្ថន្ - 40 - Transmission Line
វទ្យាស្ថ
ិ ិ គច្េច្ោសសនបាេ់ដំបង
ា នពហុបច្ចេកច្ទ្យសភូមភា ច្ដបា៉ាេឺមង
៉ា អ
់ គគិសនី

2 -KNnalMhUrGanuPaB rbs;bNþaj ¬Power flow GanuPaBEbgEcktambNþaj¦

3 -KNnatg;süúgRtg;cMNuc 3
dMeNaHRsay
dMbUgRtUvKNna)a:ra:Em:RtbNþaj
-bNþaj AC 185
RA1=4.05Ω
XA1=10.325 Ω
BA1=68.75.10-6 1/Ω
Q
cA1 = 0.416MVAr
2

RA2=4.86Ω
XA2=12.39 Ω
BA2=82.5.10-6 1/Ω
Q
cA2 = 0.499MVAr
2

R12=3.24Ω
X12=8.26 Ω
B12=55.10-6 1/Ω
Q
c12 = 0.33275MVAr
2

-bNþaj AC 150
R23=3.96Ω
X23=8.4 Ω
B23=54.10-6 1/Ω
Q
c12 = 0.3267MVAr
2

រ ៀបរ ៀងរោយ រោកគ្រូ របវ ចន្ថន្ - 41 - Transmission Line

វទ្យាស្ថ
ិ ិ គច្េច្ោសសនបាេ់ដំបង
ា នពហុបច្ចេកច្ទ្យសភូមភា ច្ដបា៉ាេឺមង
៉ា អ
់ គគិសនី

1. KNna S
cal 2 
=S
cal 2
+ S '23

S '23 = S + S
cal3 23

18.152 + 12.32
S = (3.96 + j8.4) = 0.1573 + j 0.3337Mva
23
1102

S '23 = 18 .15 + j12 .3 + 0.1573 + j 0.3337 = 18 .3073 + j12 .6337 MVA

S = 28 .4363 + j 20 .2307 MVA

cal 2 

.
S Cal1 = 45.24 + j 23.965MVA

25Km 1 20Km

AC 185
30Km
2
G A

UA = 121KV S = 28 .4363 + j 20 .2307 MVA

cal 2 

A' Z A'1 1 Z12 2 Z 2 A''

A' '
S A' S ' A'1 S ' ' A'1
S A'1 S '12
S12
S ' '12 S ' 2 A'' S 2 A'' S ' '2 A''
QCA 2
j
2
QCA1
j S S
2 cal1 cal 2 

រ ៀបរ ៀងរោយ រោកគ្រូ របវ ចន្ថន្ - 42 - Transmission Line

វទ្យាស្ថ
ិ ិ គច្េច្ោសសនបាេ់ដំបង
ា នពហុបច្ចេកច្ទ្យសភូមភា ច្ដបា៉ាេឺមង
៉ា អ
់ គគិសនី

រណនាភ្លុចពន្លបឺ បកបចករិតពីកហា
ំ ត
S ' ' A'1 = S A' = 41.535 + j30.7356MVA

S ' ' 2 A'1

S A'1 =  Z A1 = 0.8936 + j 2.2776MVA
U 2n

S ' A1 = S ' ' A1 +S A'1 = 42.4287 + j33.0132MVA

S ' '1''2 = S ' '12 = 3.7058 + j3.2293MVA

3.70582 + 3.22932
S1''2 = (3.24 + j8.26) = 0.00646 + j 0.0164MVA
110 2

S '1''2 = S ' '1''2 +S1''2 = 3.71226 + j3.2457MVA

S ' '2 A'' = SCal 2  +S '1''2 = 32.1485 + j 23.4764MVA

32.14852 + 23.47642
S 2 A'' = (4.86 + j12.39) = 0.6364 + j1.62185MVA
110 2

 S '2 A'' = S ' '2 A'' +S 2 A'' = 32.7849 + j 25.0982MVA

QCA1 Q
 S A = S A' + S A'' = S ' A'1 − j + S '2 A'' − j CA 2 = 75.2136 + j 57.1963MVA
2 2

I. bNþaj bNa¢ÚnfamBltg;süúgx<s; tg;süúgNUmINal; Un = 115KV dUcbgðajkñúgrUb

G
UA = 120KV
A

100Km 80Km
AAC 240
1
2
50Km AAC150 3
80Km

. . .
S Cal1 = 10 + j8MVA S Cal 2 = 8 + j 6 MVA S Cal 3 = 5 + j 4 MVA

)a:ra:Em:RtbNþaj
AAC 240 AAC 150
R0 = 0.12 Ω/Km R0 = 0.28 Ω/Km
X0 = 0.45 Ω/Km X0 = 0.4 Ω/Km

រ ៀបរ ៀងរោយ រោកគ្រូ របវ ចន្ថន្ - 43 - Transmission Line

វទ្យាស្ថ
ិ ិ គច្េច្ោសសនបាេ់ដំបង
ា នពហុបច្ចេកច្ទ្យសភូមភា ច្ដបា៉ាេឺមង
៉ា អ
់ គគិសនី

QcA1 QcA2
= 0.5MVAr , = 0.5MVAr
2 2
. .
1- KNnaGanuPaB S A' nig S A" rbs;RbPB
2 -KNnalMhUrGanuPaB rbs;bNþaj ¬Power flow GanuPaBEbgEcktambNþaj¦
3 -KNnatg;süúgRtg;cMNuc 2

II . bNþaj bNa¢ÚnfamBltg;süúgx<s; tg;süúgNUmINal; Un = 115KV dUcbgðajkñúgrUb

1 .
S l1 = 30 + j15MVA

35Km 40Km

UA = 120KV
A AC 240 3
AC150 4
G
30Km

40Km 25km
.
S l 3 = 20 + j10MVA
.
2 S l 4 = 25 + j12MVA

.
S l 2 = 20 + j10MVA
)a:ra:Em:RtbNþaj
AAC 240 AAC 150

R0 = 0.12 Ω/Km R0 = 0.28 Ω/Km

X0 = 0.45 Ω/Km X0 = 0.4 Ω/Km

QcA1 QCA2 QC12

= =
2 2 2
Q QcA2
= C13 = 0.5MVAr , = 0.5MVAr
2 2

រ ៀបរ ៀងរោយ រោកគ្រូ របវ ចន្ថន្ - 44 - Transmission Line

វទ្យាស្ថ
ិ ិ គច្េច្ោសសនបាេ់ដំបង
ា នពហុបច្ចេកច្ទ្យសភូមភា ច្ដបា៉ាេឺមង
៉ា អ
់ គគិសនី

Rtg;sÚVcnM ucbnÞúkTI1 >2 nig TI3 manGanuPaBNUmINal; S =50MVA dUcKña

nT

Rtg;sÚVcnM ucbnÞúkTI4 manGanuPaBNUmINal; S =24MVA

nT

)a:ra:Em:RtRtg;sÚV
SnT=50MVA SnT=24MVA
UHV=115kV UHV=115kV
UMV=22kV UMV=22kV
RT=2.2Ω RT=3.5Ω
XT=70 Ω XT=50 Ω
ΔP0=40kW ΔP0=20kW
I0=0.6% I0=0.6%

. .
1- KNnaGanuPaB S A' nig S A" rbs;RbPB
2 -KNnalMhUrGanuPaB rbs;bNþaj ¬Power flow GanuPaBEbgEcktambNþaj¦
3 -KNnatg;süúgRtg;cMNuc 3

រ ៀបរ ៀងរោយ រោកគ្រូ របវ ចន្ថន្ - 45 - Transmission Line