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Math Lecture 13.8

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15 views

Math Lecture 13.8

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rania.shaheed93
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Ch. 13 Sec 8 Extrema of Functions of Two Variables ea OBJECTIVES f on of two variables. Find absolute and relative extrema of a function 0 7 . Use the Second Partials Test to find relative extrema of a function of two variables, uorem: Extreme Value Theorem ie be a continuous function of two variables x and y defined on a closed bounded region R in © XY — plane, There is at least one point in Ratwi 4 hich /takes on a minimum value. ‘ere is at least one point in R at wi hich /takes on a maximum value. The functior for all (x, y) in an open disk contai Definition of Critical Point YK Let /be defined on an open region R containing (xo, yo). The point (xp, Sif one of the following is true, 1. fe@o1¥0) = 0€nd) fy Xo.) = 0 2. fe%o, Yo) Df Co, yo) does not exist Yo) is a critical point of Remember that if fis differentiable and the gradient of fis 0 at (oro), then every directional derivative at the point (xp, yo) must also be 0. This implies tha the fonetinn has a horizontal tangent plane at the point (xo, 0), and so there is a relative extremum at (xy, 94), 1 110 ‘Theorem: Relative Extrema Occur Only at Critical Points Relative Extrema Occur" olnts If fhas a relative extremum at (xo, Yo) on an oper’ region R, then (xo, Yo) is a critical point of ¢ xi-y? Ex. 1 Consider the function z = 2 tye Where are the maximum and minimum points? here ae focal (inact glo ax (98) hen ZFEO : phere AE PRAAY AN aN prourd thee Caner Vite (ake circle xray re )) bal) in Verify that the critical points of the function occur at (0, 0) and on the circle x+y? = 8h yr ence, Lerlxrayr) EPA oe have * ex +3 xe Qe Oand f(a, b) > 0, then fhas a relative minimum at (a, 6), 2. Ifd>Oand f,,(a,b) < 0, then fhas a relative maximum at (a, b). 3. [fd <0, then fhas a saddle point at (a, 6, ffa,)). 4. The test is inconclusive if d = 0. Ex. 3 Find the maxima, minima, and saddle points of z wher X= 40 XO SS cp Lap) 28 = Ltyree - Ky se fase weer) co Dx _ xt ye \iu efor yr oo ™ [spare Axedt St ky Largrie * SKY Ex. 4 Let z = (x? + y?)cos (x + 2y). Show that (0, 0) is a critical point. Is it an extremum? MWe 2K CoS Gury) Gery\sin (x24) => 0-220 “Or 5 Sp 0 -2%O)Sin0 Lan din CX 42 > Dy.Ces Xx mya) - (x4 3 } Be Youte cos (xt) - YxCsineregy) — (as “14?) cos (xe 2y) — 6 coy Liery) 89 Pin Greg) -7 (x+y) Gs Gxszy) 2 Soin Garg) -2y, Sh 42g) —t HY) Crna) vw’ SPY, Ex. 5 Find the relative extrema of f(x,y) = x?y?. 113 Ex, 6 Find the point or points on the elliptic paraboloid z = 4x? + y? closest to (0, 0, 8). eee cdi : Ae Jucrrgels (2-9) NV J age (Mee) ~ —— Fay) 2 x+y (uae ¥) Kae tea Lier gh Bx) = 22 M4 Szh 68) bao ryar (ure DED ety Cgxtsry-\9) be ere xro OF Six? 4d yr 68-0 fov . yo _ a Bx? rVPA5=o $ xz 2 co pore rt oo 7 gl He a or0 =? wes ge ee pS x44 \ a cy (=) y [=e 2 Zw x63 <9 ae yee Byars xox [Be or (E19 UE) oe 3 Ye ar x44? 263 oe! No Soludja4 -4 Gaxr args 6 Fax 2 MCE) 6 OC 32 x%e$42-68) = 29d x By 63) fy 2g Gy) ¢ Caxrary 6) 2 24x? 4642-19) ut) Fry 2 Sexy OP) Find tre welatice extrema Pf fey, yty2 o or ¥2 0 by 2 tyr tho tyeo whenere X* Fae DEN, ; Bry pov (a0) or (eb) 7 we Gd Foc iy [Pad Cane 4x4 capher) — (43) ‘y 1 P yt Ww ntgp 2ANL X* a> 5° ok Any Oritica\ pont deo Incenclusive | So we veason tect each crihvat Porrd 0S.) Jie a enin rn 2b Posi hve ad -2a)-2 Eo) Mimi acs Ce ©) iin min, ¢ ft -bxe ee ex 4d 33 xt” - 6, o ve & ) ete gers Cs, fe — e ‘ ha Le iar C o] (E) = ° L “Clesesh points jo 4 7 Orr ((% 0) (40+) nm (& ey.) in RR ee

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